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Olympic Programme Commission Report

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Olympic Programme Commission Report OLYMPIC PROGRAMME COMMISSION REPORT 119 th IOC SESSION – JULY 2007 Published by the International Olympic Committee June 2007 Printing by Id-Média S.à r.l., Belmont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland Printed in Switzerland INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND In November 2002, the IOC Session in Mexico City approved the principle of a systematic review of the Olympic Programme and mandated the Olympic Programme Commission to lead the process after each edition of the Olympic Games. EVALUATION CRITERIA In order to fulfil this mission, the Olympic Programme Commission developed a set of criteria to be used in assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each sport and the value that each sport adds to the Olympic Programme. Following consultation with the International Federations (IFs) and other key stakeholders, the final list of 33 criteria was proposed to the IOC Session, which approved it in August 2004 in Athens. These criteria, which were approved by the Session in August 2004, were subsequently used by the IOC Session in Singapore in July 2005 to determine the programme for the 2012 Olympic Games in London. PROCESS REFINEMENT Following the revision of the 2012 Summer Olympic Programme, the present review will utilise the same list of 33 criteria by means of a questionnaire, adapted to the particularities of the Winter Games programme. DATA COLLECTION In April 2006, a questionnaire reflecting these criteria was sent to the seven Olympic Winter Federations. Completed questionnaires were returned by July 2006 to the IOC Sports Department, which then had the responsibility of verifying all responses and requesting further information or clarification where necessary. Please note that most information provided by the International Federations was accepted as presented or summarised in order to highlight the most pertinent facts. Data provided by the International Federations were supplemented with information provided by the IOC, IOC experts and partners. The IOC also commissioned studies of the press and television coverage of the 2006 Turin Olympic Winter Games. These studies were conducted by external and independent companies, respectively Observer Group AB (International) and Sports Marketing Surveys Ltd (SMS). The Olympic Programme Commission reviewed all data and has been able to draw its conclusions from the following sources of information: • Completed questionnaires from the International Federations • IOC experts’ knowledge in the areas of environment, venues, TV production costs and technology • IOC-commissioned studies on press coverage conducted by Observer Group • IOC-commissioned studies on broadcast coverage conducted by SMS • Information gathered from the IOC Documentation Centre • Information gathered from the World Anti-Doping Agency • Information gathered from the past Organising Committees of the Olympic Games. REPORT PREPARATION A mix of quantitative and qualitative information was then gathered to assess each sport and discipline. Following this information gathering, the Olympic Programme Commission conducted an in-depth analysis of the data collected and agreed on benchmarks in order to prepare the first draft of the individual reports on the sports. This complete report therefore represents the collective opinion of the members of the Olympic Programme Commission. 3 INTRODUCTION Each International Federation was given the opportunity to review and comment on its own section in January and February 2007. The IOC received extensive, constructive feedback from the International Winter Federations, some providing factual corrections and others providing clarification or explanatory comments. In the interest of openness, every effort was made to include as many comments from the International Federations as possible. REPORT FORMAT This report is presented on an IF-by-IF basis, with the seven Olympic Winter Sports presented in the order in which they appear in the Olympic Charter. You will find in the methodology section of this report, the template used for the sports report, which presents all the information sources used in each part of the report, as well as the benchmarks established by the Commission for the purpose of assessment. With regard to the summary found at the end of each IF report, the facts featured under the various section headings are included only if corresponding figures fall either above or below defined benchmarks. However, all qualitative statements in regard to strengths or weaknesses have been removed to present a more objective view of the IF. The only qualitative assessments included were those of IOC experts in the area of costs. The Commission has intentionally kept any such subjective assessments or opinions on each sport to a minimum and, wherever possible, used language that is consistent across all reports in order to maintain balance and fairness. For some specific elements (’year of establishment of the IF’, ’inclusion in the Programme of the Olympic Games’, ’number of Member National Federations’, ’gender equity in the IF governing bodies’, ’athlete representation’ and ’anti-doping’), the Commission has not made any assessment, but nevertheless chose to include the facts available for the reader’s information. ’Finance’ also appears in each of the seven summaries. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF THE OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES PROGRAMME 7 METHODOLOGY 11 IF SECTIONS INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 25 INTERNATIONAL BOBSLEIGH AND TOBOGGANING FEDERATION 35 WORLD CURLING FEDERATION 47 INTERNATIONAL ICE HOCKEY FEDERATION 57 INTERNATIONAL LUGE FEDERATION 67 INTERNATIONAL SKATING UNION 77 INTERNATIONAL SKI FEDERATION 91 APPENDIX TABLES AND GRAPHS 109 5 OVERVIEW OF THE OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES PROGRAMME OVERVIEW 8 PROGRAMME OF THE TURIN 2006 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES 9 SCOPE OF THE WINTER GAMES 10 7 OVERVIEW The Olympic Games consist of the Games of the Olympiad and the Olympic Winter Games. According to the Olympic Charter (Rule 6.2), “only those sports which are practised on snow or ice are considered as winter sports”. The Programme of the first Olympic Winter Games was a mix between sports and disciplines practised by the Scandinavians, the Anglo-Saxons and the populations of the Alps. After 1945, the programme became more structured and the events more familiar to the general public. Between 1964 and 1984, the programme did not expand significantly with five additional events over six editions of the Games. Since the Sarajevo 1984 Olympic Winter Games, the programme has almost doubled in size, with new sports and events included. 4 8 2 6 8 2 6 0 4 8 2 6 0 4 8 2 4 8 2 6 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Biathlon - - - - - - - 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 6 6 6 8 10 Bobsleigh 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 Skeleton - 1 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 Curling 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 Ice Hockey 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 Luge - - - - - - - - 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Short Track Speed Skating - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 6 6 8 8 Figure Skating 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Speed Skating 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 12 Alpine Skiing - - - 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 Cross country Skiing 2 2 2 3 3 4 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 Ski Jumping 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 Nordic Combined 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 Snowboard - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 6 Freestyle Skiing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 4 4 4 4 Total 15 14 14 17 22 22 24 27 34 35 35 37 38 39 46 57 61 68 78 84 : includes women’s event(s) 8 OVERVIEW OF THE OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES PROGRAMME PROGRAMME OF THE TURIN 2006 OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES Between 1924 and 2006, the Programme of the Olympic Winter Games has expanded considerably, going from 16 medals in six sports awarded in Chamonix to 84 medals in seven sports in Turin. Eight new events ( * ) were included for the first time in Turin: Mass Start Biathlon, Speed Skating Team Pursuit, Cross- Country Team Sprint and Snowboard Cross (Men and Women). SPORTS MEN’S EVENTS WOMEN’S EVENTS MIXED/OPEN EVENTS TOTAL BIATHLON 5 10 km Sprint 5 7.5 km Sprint 10 20 km Individual 15 km Individual 12.5 km Pursuit 10 km Pursuit 15 km Mass Start * 12.5 km Mass Start * 4 ϫ 7.5 km Relay 4 ϫ 6 km Relay BOBSLEIGH 32 5 Bobsleigh 2 Two-man 1 Two-man 3 Four-man Skeleton 1 Skeleton 1 Skeleton 2 CURLING 1 Tournament (10 teams) 1 Tournament (10 teams) 2 ICE HOCKEY 1 Tournament (12 teams) 1 Tournament (8 teams) 2 LUGE 1 Singles 1 Singles 1 Doubles 3 SKATING 11 11 2 24 Speed Skating 6 500 m6500 m 12 1,000 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 1,500 m 5,000 m 3,000 m 10,000 m 5,000 m Team Pursuit * Team Pursuit * Short Track 4 500 m4500 m8 1,000 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 1,500 m 5,000 m Relay 3,000 m Relay Figure Skating 1 Singles 1 Singles 2 Pairs 4 Ice Dance SKIING 22 16 38 Cross-Country 15 km Classical 7.5 km Classical 6 6 12 + 15 km Free, Double Pursuit + 7.5 km Free, Double Pursuit 15 km Classical 10 km Classical 50 km Free Mass Start 30 km Free Mass Start Team Sprint * Team Sprint * 4 ϫ 10 km Relay 4 ϫ 5 km Relay (2 classical/ 2 free) (2 classical /2 free) Sprint Sprint 9 OVERVIEW OF THE OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES PROGRAMME SPORTS MEN’S EVENTS WOMEN’S EVENTS MIXED/OPEN EVENTS TOTAL Ski Jumping 3 Individual NH 3 Individual LH Team LH Nordic Combined 3 Ind.: Ski Jumping 3 Gundersen NH + 15 km Cross-Country Team: Ski Jumping NH + 4 ϫ 5 km Cross-Country Sprint: Ski Jumping LH + 7.5 km Cross-Country Alpine 5 Downhill 5 Downhill 10 Slalom Slalom Giant Slalom Giant Slalom Super-G Super-G Combined Combined Freestyle 2 Moguls 2 Moguls 4 Aerials Aerials Snowboard 3 Parallel Giant Slalom 3 Parallel Giant Slalom 6 Half Pipe Half Pipe Snowboard Cross * Snowboard Cross * TOTAL (7 sports) 44 37 3 84 SCOPE OF THE WINTER GAMES Although, by definition, winter sports cannot easily be practised within each of the 203 National Olympic Committees, the scope of the Olympic Winter Games has expanded quickly since 1924, the number of participating NOCs increasing from 16 to 80 by the Games in Turin.
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