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CFR-Listed Agents and Toxins SANDIA REPORT SAND2003-3080 Unlimited Release Printed September 2003 Biosecurity Reference: CFR-Listed Agent and Toxin Summaries Compiled and Edited by Natalie Barnett Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550 • Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, • a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited. Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by Sandia Corporation. NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors. Printed in the United States of America. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone: (865)576-8401 Facsimile: (865)576-5728 E-Mail: [email protected] Online ordering: http://www.doe.gov/bridge Available to the public from U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone: (800)553-6847 Facsimile: (703)605-6900 E-Mail: [email protected] Online order: http://www.ntis.gov/help/ordermethods.asp?loc=7-4-0#online SAND2003-3080 Unlimited Release Printed September 2003 Biosecurity Reference: CFR-Listed Agent and Toxin Summaries Compiled and Edited by Natalie Barnett Systems Engineering Department Sandia National Laboratories P. O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, NM 87185-0759 Abstract This reference document provides summary information on the animal, plant, zoonotic, and human pathogens and toxins regulated and categorized by 9 CFR 331 and 7 CFR 121, “Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002; Possession, Use and Transfer of Biological Agents and Toxins,” and 42 CFR 73, “Possession, Use, and Transfer of Select Agents and Toxins.” Summary information includes, at a minimum, a description of the agent and its associated symptoms; often additional information is provided on the diagnosis, treatment, geographic distribution, transmission, control and eradication, and impacts on public health. 3 PREFACE This summary guide was compiled verbatim from the referenced sources. Minor differences among the sources in style, approach, diction, and organization do not detract from the accuracy or value of the provided reference material. 5 Contents 1. ANIMAL PATHOGENS........................................................................................................ 9 1.1 African horse sickness virus ........................................................................................... 9 1.2 African swine fever virus.............................................................................................. 14 1.3 Akabane virus ............................................................................................................... 18 1.4 Avian influenza virus.................................................................................................... 21 1.5 Bluetongue virus ........................................................................................................... 25 1.6 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ............................................................................. 29 1.7 Camel pox virus ............................................................................................................ 35 1.8 Classical swine fever virus............................................................................................ 35 1.9 Cowdria ruminantium (Heartwater) ............................................................................. 39 1.10 Foot-and-mouth disease................................................................................................ 44 1.11 Goat pox virus............................................................................................................... 49 1.12 Japanese encephalitis virus ........................................................................................... 53 1.13 Lumpy skin disease virus.............................................................................................. 56 1.14 Malignant catarrhal fever virus..................................................................................... 59 1.15 Menangle virus.............................................................................................................. 63 1.16 Mycoplasma capricolum/M. F38/M. mycoides capri ................................................... 66 1.17 Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides .................................................................................. 69 1.18 Newcastle disease virus ................................................................................................ 71 1.19 Peste des petits ruminants virus.................................................................................... 76 1.20 Rinderpest virus ............................................................................................................ 79 1.21 Sheep pox virus............................................................................................................. 83 1.22 Swine vesicular disease................................................................................................. 83 1.23 Vesicular stomatitis virus (exotic) ................................................................................ 84 2. PLANT PATHOGENS......................................................................................................... 87 2.1 Liberobacter africanus.................................................................................................. 87 2.2 Liberobacter asiaticus .................................................................................................. 88 2.3 Peronosclerospora philippinensis ................................................................................ 88 2.4 Phakopsora pachyrhizi ................................................................................................. 88 2.5 Plum pox potyvirus....................................................................................................... 89 2.6 Ralstonia solanacearum, race 3, biovar 2..................................................................... 90 2.7 Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae .................................................................................. 91 2.8 Synchytrium endobioticum............................................................................................ 91 2.9 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola ............................................................................... 92 2.10 Xylella fastidiosa (citrus variegated chlorosis strain) ................................................... 93 3. OVERLAP PATHOGENS AND TOXINS (ANIMAL AND HUMAN/ZOONOTIC)....... 95 3.1 Bacillus anthracis ......................................................................................................... 95 3.2 Botulinum neurotoxins.................................................................................................. 96 3.3 Botulinum neurotoxin producing species of Clostridium............................................. 98 3.4 Brucella abortus............................................................................................................ 98 3.5 Brucella melitensis........................................................................................................ 99 3.6 Brucella suis.................................................................................................................. 99 7 3.7 Burkholderia mallei (formerly Pseudomonas mallei) .................................................. 99 3.8 Burkholderia pseudomallei (formerly Pseudomonas pseudomallei).......................... 103 3.9 Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin ........................................................................ 104 3.10 Coccidioides immitis................................................................................................... 105 3.11 Coxiella burnetii ......................................................................................................... 106 3.12 Eastern equine encephalitis virus................................................................................ 108 3.13 Francisella tularensis................................................................................................... 109 3.14 Hendra virus...............................................................................................................
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