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Gibbons, Tom. “Modernism and Reactionary Politics.” Journal of Modern Literature 3, no. 5 (1973): 1140–57. Hart, William. “Synge and the Christian Ethos: A Critical Examination of a Recent Book.” Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 61 (1972): 85–96. Ingold, Tim. “Re-Thinking the Animate, Re-Animating Thought.” Ethnos 71, no. 1 (2006): 9–20. Lang, Andrew. “The Celtic Renascence.” Blackwood’s Magazine 161 (1897): 181–91. Larkin, Emmet. “The Devotional Revolution in Ireland: 1850–75.” American Historical Review 77, no. 3 (1972): 625–52. M. “Fairies and Folk-Lore.” All Ireland Review 1, no. 42 (1900): 3. Mac Philib, Séamas. “The Changeling: Irish Versions of a Migratory Legend in Their International Context.” Béaloideas: The Journal of the Folklore of Ireland Society 59 (1991): 121–31. McMahon, Séan. “‘Leave Troubling the Lord God’: A Note on Synge and Religion.” Éire-Ireland: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Irish Studies 11, no. 1 (1976): 132–41. Miller, David W. “Irish Catholicism and the Great Famine.” Journal of Social History 9 (1975): 81–95. Murphy, Paul. “J.M. Synge and the Pitfalls of National Consciousness.” Theatre Research International 28, no. 2 (2003): 125–42. Ní Dhuibhne-Almqvist, Éilís. “Synge’s Use of Popular Material in The Shadow of the Glen .” Béaloideas: The Journal of the Folklore of Ireland Society 58 (1990): 141–80. Ó Coileáin, Seán. “The Irish Lament: An Oral Genre.” Studia Hibernica 24 (1988): 97–117. Ó Héalaí, Pádraig. “Priest Versus Healer: The Legend of the Priest’s Stricken Horse.” Béaloideas: The Journal of the Folklore of Ireland Society 62, no. 3 (1994): 171–88. Pittock, Malcolm. “Riders to the Sea.” English Studies 49 (1968): 445–49. Raglan. “The ‘Green Man’ in Church Architectures.” Folklore 50, no. 1 (1939): 45–57. Snow, Dale E., and James J. Snow. “Was Schopenhauer an Idealist?” Journal of the History of Philosophy 29, no. 4 (1991): 633–55. Steinhart. “Pantheism and Current Ontology.” Religious Studies 40, no. 1 (2004): 63–80. Strickberger, Monroe W. “Evolution and Religion.” BioScience 23, no. 7 (1973): 417–21. “The ‘Witch-Burning’ at Clonmel.” Folklore 6, no. 4 (1895): 373–84. Yeats, W. B. “The Speckled Bird: A Novel by Mr. W.B. Yeats, a Section from the Novel with a Note by Curtis Bradford.” Irish Writing 31 (1955): 9–18. BIBLIOGRAPHY 285

NEWSPAPERS “The Abbey Theatre.” Freeman’s Journal , January 29, 1907. 7. “Abbey Theatre Scene.” Evening Telegraph , January 29, 1907. 4. “Abbey Theatre Scenes.” Freeman’s Journal , January 30, 1907. 7–8. A. F. “I Don’t Care a Rap.” Dublin Evening Mail , January 29, 1907. 2. Atkinson, Brooks. “The Theatre.” New York Times , December 15, 1949. 51. Battersby, Eileen. “A Double Take of Savage Realism.” Irish Times , February 7, 2009. 45. Beerbohm, Max. “Some Irish Plays and Players.” Saturday Review , April 9, 1904. 445–57. “The Burning of the Woman Cleary.” Irish Times , March 28, 1895. 5. “The Case of Witchcraft in Tipperary.” Irish Times , July 5, 1895. 5. Chanel. “The National Theatre.” Leader , March 5, 1904. 27–28. Clodd, Edward. “The Witch-Burning Case in Ireland.” Times , August 1, 1895. 5. “Dreadful Occurrence in Tipperary.” Irish Times , March 30, 1895. 5. Duncan, Ellen. “The Playboy.” Irish Times , January 31, 1907. 5. “Fatality in Wicklow.” Wicklow News-Letter and Arklow Reporter , August 31, 1901. 3. F. M’C. “Irish National Theatre.” Dublin Evening Herald , February 6, 1905. 3. “Found Dead on a Mountain.” Wicklow News-Letter and Arklow Reporter , May 17, 1902. 7. “The Freedom of the Play.” Irish Times , February 5, 1907. 8. Griffi th, Arthur. “All Ireland.” United Irishman , October 17, 1903. 1. Griffi th, Arthur. “All Ireland.” United Irishman , March 5, 1904. 1. Houghton, Cherie. “John Synge as I Knew Him.” Irish Statesman , July 5, 1924. 532–34. H. S. D. “A Dramatic Freak.” Dublin Evening Mail , January 28, 1907. 2. “Ireland.” Times , March 26, 1895. 8. “Irish National Theatre.” Freeman’s Journal , February 6, 1905. 5. “Irish National Theatre: Mr. Synge’s New Play.” Freeman’s Journal , February 6, 1905. 5. “Irish National Theatre Society.” Irish Times , February 26, 1904. 5. “Irish Witches, Spells and Charms.” Irish Times , April 13, 1895. 4. Jacques. “A Queer Hero in Mr. Synge’s Play Produced at the Abbey Theatre.” Irish Independent , January 28, 1907. 3–4. Kenny, Patrick. “That Dreadful Play.” Irish Times, January 30, 1907. 9. Lang, Andrew. “Changelings.” Illustrated London News , May 25, 1895. 651. MacDonagh, Thomas. “J.M. Synge: Irish Dramatist, Writer, Poet.” T.P.’s Weekly, April 9, 1909. 469. MacKenna, Stephen. “Synge.” Irish Statesman , November 3, 1928. 170–71. Moran, D. P. “More Muddle.” Leader , December 22, 1900. 254. 286 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Moran, D. P. “Protestants and the Irish Nation.” Leader , July 27, 1901. 342–43. “Mr. George Moore on Dublin.” Dublin Evening Mail , December 6, 1905. 5. “Mr. Synge’s New Play.” Irish Times , February 27, 1904. 6. “Mr. Synge’s New Play.” Dublin Evening Herald , February 6, 1905. 3. “The Oscar Wilde Scandal.” United Ireland , April 13, 1895. 3. Pearse, Pádraig. “The Passing of Anglo-Irish Drama.” An Claidheamh Soluis , February 9, 1907. 7. Pearse, Pádraig. “From a Hermitage.” Irish Freedom , June 1913. 2. “The Playboy of the West.” Irish Times , February 2, 1907. 13. “Police In.” Irish Independent , January 29, 1907. 5. Roberts, George. “Memoirs of George Roberts.” Irish Times , August 1, 1955. 5. Roberts, George. “Memoirs of George Roberts.” Irish Times , August 2, 1955. 5. Roberts, George. “Memoirs of George Roberts.” Irish Times , September 14, 1955. 5. “The Strange Fatality Near Aughrim.” Supplement to the Wicklow People , August 31, 1901. 3. “Superstition.” Examiner , August 6, 1826. 12. Synge, J. M. “Anatole Le Braz.” Daily Express , January 28, 1899. 3. Synge, J. M. “A Celtic Theatre.” Freeman’s Journal , March 22, 1900. 5. Synge, J. M. “An Epic of Ulster.” Speaker , June 7, 1902. 284–85. “Thursday Evening, 29 July, 1869.” Limerick Chronicle , July 29, 1869. 2. “The Tipperary Burning Case.” Irish Times , April 2, 1895. 5. “The Tipperary Horror.” Dublin Evening Mail , March 27, 1895. 2. “The Tipperary Horror.” Cork Examiner , March 28, 1895. 2. “Tipperary Horror.” Cork Examiner , March 29, 1895. 5–6. “The Tipperary Wife Burning.” United Ireland , April 13, 1895. 3. “Wexford Assizes: August 4th.” Dublin Evening Post , August 7, 1824. 3. Yeats, W. B. “Mr. Yeats’ Opening Speech at the Debate of February 4th, at the Abbey Theatre.” Arrow , February 23, 1907. 6–9. Yeats, W. B. “Fighting the Censor.” Irish Independent , August 25, 1909. Yeats, W. B. “A Memory of Synge.” Irish Statesman , July 5, 1924. 530–32.

UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS The Irish Folklore Commission Manuscript: 707. Mrs. Nagent, “Biddy Early,” County Clare. The Irish Folklore Commission Manuscript: 1255. P. J. Fleming, “Chillcuimin agus Ćilláirne,” County Kerry. The Irish Folklore Commission Manuscript: 433. Seán Ó Flannagáin, “Conveying the Priest,” County Clare. The Irish Folklore Commission Manuscript: 5100. “Death of Mrs. Early,” County Limerick. BIBLIOGRAPHY 287

The Irish Folklore Commission Manuscript: 815. Michael Keenan, “Fourth Story by M. Keenan,” County Cavan. The Irish Folklore Commission Manuscript: 107. Risteard Breathnach, “The Bishop & Priest of Carrick,” County Wexford. The Irish Folklore Commission Manuscript: 1071. John McCarthy, “The Famine in Cork, Clare and Waterford,” County Roscommon. The Irish Folklore Commission Manuscript: 107. Tomás Ó Ciardha, “The Priest & the Shoemaker,” County Wexford. The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4335. The Wicklow Essays: Early Manuscripts and Typescripts. Published Articles. Projected Books. 1898–1908 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4336. Tinker’s Wedding. 1902–1907 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4339. Shadow of the Glen. 1902 – 1903 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4348. Literary commonplace book. 1902 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J.M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4349. Literary commonplace book. c.1898–1907 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4351. When the Moon Has Set. c.1901 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4371. Commonplace book. 1888 – 89 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4373. Academic commonplace book. 1889 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4375. Academic commonplace book. 1882 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4378. Commonplace book. 1885–1902 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4379. Commonplace book 1894–95 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4382. Literary commonplace book. 1897–98 . 288 BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4384. Commonplace book. c. June 1895–1902 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4385. Literary commonplace book. May 1898 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4386. Commonplace book. 1896 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4389. Literary commonplace book. -? c. 1900 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4391. Commonplace book, 1903 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4393. Notebook s. A date is not stipulated in the catalogue. The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4396. Literary commonplace book. 1902–1907 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4401. In West Kerry. September 1905 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4405. Literary commonplace book. c.1907 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4410. Literary commonplace book. 1910 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4412. Literary commonplace book. A date is not stipulated in the catalogue. The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4413. Diary. 16 March–31 December 1892 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4414. Diary. 2 January–31 December 1893 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4416. Diary. 2 January–31 December 1895. The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4417. Diary. 1 January–31 December 1896 . BIBLIOGRAPHY 289

The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4418. Diary. 1 January–31 December 1897. The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4419. Diary. 15 January–31 December 1898 . The Manuscripts of the Irish Literary Renaissance. The J. M. Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4422. Diary. 1 January–3 October 1903 . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 1801. Diaries of Joseph Holloway, recording theatrical performances in Dublin and his views thereon, including newscuttings and programmes relating thereto, 1900–1909. From 1908, 2 vols. per year. Impressions of a Dublin Playgoer, January–December 1903 . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 1802. Diaries of Joseph Holloway, recording theatrical performances in Dublin and his views thereon, including newscuttings and programmes relating thereto, 1900–1909. From 1908, 2 vols. per year. Impressions of a Dublin Playgoer , Vol. 1, January–June 1904 . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 1803. Diaries of Joseph Holloway, recording theatrical performances in Dublin and his views thereon, including newscuttings and programmes relating thereto, 1900–1909. From 1908, 2 vols. per year. Impressions of a Dublin Playgoer , Vol. 1, January–June 1905 . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 1805. Diaries of Joseph Holloway, recording theatrical performances in Dublin and his views thereon, including newscuttings and programmes relating thereto, 1900–1909. From 1908, 2 vols. per year. Impressions of a Dublin Playgoer , Vol. 1, January–June 1907 . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 1807. Diaries of Joseph Holloway, recording theatrical performances in Dublin and his views thereon, including newscuttings and programmes relating thereto, 1900–1909. From 1908, 2 vols. per year. Impressions of a Dublin Playgoer , Vol. 2, March–May 1909 . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 11,328. 12 letters to and by members of the Hatch family, 1766, 1783–96 . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 11,333. About 150 documents relat- ing to various legal cases connected with the Hatch family, 1750–1850 . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 13,267. Letters collected by Joseph Holloway, mainly addressed to him and mainly on theatrical topics, 1894–1944. Writers include all the well-known theatrical personalities and writers of the period . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 13,617. Twelve letters of J. M. Synge relating to the Abbey Theatre, the disturbances and criticisms, of which ten letters are to W. G. Fay and the others to Lady Gregory and Miss Horniman. One letter deals with the projected production of Synge’s works in Prague, 1904–1909. The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 1720. “The Playboy and What He Did”: A collection of cuttings, photographs and miscellaneous printed material, 290 BIBLIOGRAPHY

with manuscript annotations, relating to the fi rst performance in the Abbey Theatre, Dublin of J. M. Synge’s The Playboy of the Western World, Jan. 26, 1907, compiled by W. A. Henderson . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 30,499. Yeats Papers: Leo Africanus . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 30,358. Yeats Papers: Brown leather MS book containing account of Elizabeth Radcliffe’s automatic script; drafts of several poems later published in Responsibilities; notes of Séances with Mme. Bisson, etc. Includes note in Maud Gonne’s hand re: oleograph at Mirebeau . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 4455. Some fi fty letters to Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Holloway mainly on personal and social affairs but with some relating to theatrical matters including several letters from W. A. Henderson, and one each from F. J. Fay, J. M. Synge and W. B. Yeats, 1903– 1906. A date is not stipulated in the catalogue. The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 8320. Maire Garvey correspondence, dealing with dramatic and other literary work including letters from Joseph Plunkett, Padraic Colum, Lady Gregory, George Russell, W. B. Yeats, Sara Allgood, George Roberts, etc., and letters from and to Frank Fay, 1903–1916. The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: POS 7271. Theatre memorabilia compiled by W.A. Henderson . The National Library of Ireland Manuscript: 778. Twenty two letters of John Millington Synge to Max Meyerfeld, translator of Synge’s works into German, with one of A. J. Stephens to the same, 1905–1909 . The New York Public Library Manuscript from the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection: John Millington Synge collection of papers, 1898–1929 . The New York Public Library Manuscript from the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection: 2513. John Quinn papers, 1901–26 . The New York Public Library Manuscript from the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection: Lady Gregory collection of papers, 1873-[1965] bulk (1873–1932) . The Papers of Prof. John Joly from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 2312/582. 1857 – 1933 . The Royal Irish Academy of Ireland Manuscript: 12 M 11. Collections of Lithographs, Circulars, Prospectuses, Advertisements, Public Notices, Notes, Illustrations, Holograph and Copy Letters. Assembled by John Windele . The date stipulated in the catalogue is the nineteenth century. The Royal Irish Academy of Ireland Manuscript: 12 Q 13. Reports on the Irish Language and Irish Literature: Munster, Connacht, Leinster and Ulster . The date stipulated in the catalogue is the nineteenth century. The Synge Correspondence in the Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 4424–4426. 1882 – 1909 . The Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 6200. The Letters of the Reverend Alexander Synge, rector of Aran, vicar of St. Peter’s Ipswich to John Synge, June 1851–December 1852 . The Stephens-Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 6189. John Synge: manuscript of the biography of John Millington Synge by BIBLIOGRAPHY 291

Edward M. Stephens. Fair copy in manuscript, occasional typed texts inserted espe- cially 1906 onwards . The Stephens-Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 6190. John Synge: manuscript of the biography of John Millington Synge by Edward M. Stephens. Fair copy in manuscript, occasional typed texts inserted espe- cially 1906 onwards . The Stephens-Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 6191. John Synge: manuscript of the biography of John Millington Synge by Edward M. Stephens. Fair copy in manuscript, occasional typed texts inserted espe- cially 1906 onwards . The Stephens-Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 6193. John Synge: manuscript of the biography of John Millington Synge by Edward M. Stephens. Fair copy in manuscript, occasional typed texts inserted espe- cially 1906 onwards . The Stephens-Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 6197. John Synge: manuscript of the biography of John Millington Synge by Edward M. Stephens. Fair copy in manuscript, occasional typed texts inserted espe- cially 1906 onwards . The Stephens-Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 6213. Concert Programmes. 1871–1909 . The Stephens-Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 6214. ‘Birdie and her dog’ - the copy presented to John Millington Synge by John Joly, 25 December, 1877 . The Stephens-Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 6219. Typescript diary of Mrs. Kathleen Millington Synge, in two volumes of loose leaf folder. 1899–1907 . The Stephens-Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 6220. Correspondence of Mrs. Kathleen Millington Synge, mother of John Millington Synge to her son Robert. 1888 – 96 . The Stephens-Synge Manuscripts from the Library of Trinity College Dublin: 6221. Letters from Mrs. Kathleen Millington to her son the Rev. Sam. Synge 1896–1908; extracts made by E.M. Stephens in loose leaf folder .

UNPUBLISHED BOOKS Remy, Judith Dineen. “Synge’s Peasants: Characters Refl ected in a Cracked Mirror.” PhD diss., University of California, Irvine, 1981. Roche, Anthony Valentine. “The Otherworld Drama of John Millington Synge.” PhD diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1984.

UNPUBLISHED INTERVIEWS

Sihra, Melissa. Interview by Christopher Collins Dublin, Ireland, July 5, 2010. INDEX

A 154–5, 179–80, 182–5, 194, 203, Abbey Theatre, the, 43, 48, 57, 113, 217–19, 246 143, 160, 191–2, 194–5, 201–2, Inis Meáin, 43–4, 113–14, 116–17, 211, 219, 234, 244, 259–61, 263 123, 129, 136–7, 141, 155, Aberdeen, Scotland, 230–1, 233, 238 180, 203, 218 Aeschylus, 114–15, 158–9 Inis Mór , 43, 118, 267 aesthetic, 16, 35, 37, 94–5, 120, 124, Argentina, 25, 27 127 Aristotle; Aristotelian, 114–16 Algeria, 83 Arnold, Matthew, 37, 81–2, 85, 87, Allgood, Molly (Maire O’Neill), 46, 90–1, 193 48, 210–12, 226, 260 Alps, the, 80 Althusser, Louis, 228 B Anglicanism, 25–6 Baudelaire, Charles, 36 Anglo-Irish Ascendancy, 1, 7–9, 13, Bauman, Richard, 125 18, 25–6, 29–33, 39, 48, 69, 83, Beauford, William, 144 155, 174–6, 178–81, 183, 193–4, Beerbohm, Max, 148 242–4, 246, 261–3, 265–7 Beltane, 65–7, 82 animism, 2, 88–90 Benjamin, Walter, 7, 10, 242 The Aran Islands (see Synge, John Benson, E.F., 206, 239 Millington) Bentham, Jeremy, 239 Aran Islands, the, 17, 34, 41, 43–4, Berkley, George, 93 46, 68–9, 75–7, 85, 89, 96, 113, Blake, William, 216, 217 118, 121, 123–9, 135, 145, 149, Blasket Islands, 267

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 293 C. Collins, Theatre and Residual Culture, DOI 10.1057/978-1-349-94872-7 294 INDEX

Blunt, Wilfrid, 195, 233 Celtology, 18, 35–8, 40, 87, 90, 127, Boucicault, Dion, 140, 157, 191 210, 243 Bourgeois, Maurice, 13 Centerwall, Brandon S., 66 Bourke, Angela, 145–6, 151, 205–6, Charles-Edwards, T.M., 77 215, 221–2, 224, 226 Chaucer, Geoffery, 36 Bowers, Maggie Ann, 117 Chenevix Trench, Richard, 29 Bray, Dorothy Ann, 188 Chesterton, G.K., 114 Briggs, K.M., 215 China, 25 British House of Commons, 216 Clare, County, 144, 156 Brittany, France, 38–9, 80 Cliffs of Moher, 142 Brown, Charles Robert, 131 class, 25–6, 30, 33–4, 41, 46, 48, 69, Buddhism , 94 159, 180–1, 243, 267 Burns, Robert, 48 Cleary, Bridget, 204, 234 Butler, Hubert, 225, 242 Cleary, Michael, 205–6, 225–6, 233, 245 Clery, Arthur, 156 C Clinch, Kitty, 260 Cairns, David, 37 Clodd, Edward, 125, 230, 234 Cambridge, University of, 40, 43 Clonmel, South Tipperary, 203–7, Campbell, Donald, 144 209, 213, 224–5, 227–9, 231–4, caoine; caoineadh , 18, 117, 138–53, 236, 239, 241–2, 246 155–7, 159, 194 Colum, Padraic, 115, 193 capitalism; capitalist, 4, 9, 11–13, comparative social science, 18, 27, 15–17, 174 34, 40, 41, 80, 83, 87–8, Carroll, Michael P., 189 90–1, 118, 122, 134, 158–9, Cartwright, David E., 95, 102, 133 208, 210, 216, 218–19, 225, Catholic; Roman Catholicism, 1, 2, 240, 245 5–13, 15–16, 18–19, 21, 26, Copleston, F.C., 91 30–1, 33–4, 41, 46–8, 57–70, 77, Cork, County, 58, 151 79, 83, 101, 103–4, 124, 129, Blarney, 151 137, 140–1, 148, 150–1, 153, Enniskean, 58 156, 158–9, 174, 177–8, 180–6, Kilcrea, 146 189–95, 201, 203, 206–7, Schull, 176 212–14, 216, 219–22, 224, 226, Cowan, Tom, 132 228, 230–4, 237–47, 262–7 Crofton Croker, Thomas, 145 Catholic Church, 1, 7, 9–11, 25–8, Cullen, Cardinal Paul, 8, 59, 60 57–60, 62–4, 68–70, 140, 150–1, 182, 184–6, 188, 193, 195, 214, 222, 226, 233, 238, 246, 265 D First Vatican Council, 59 d’Arbois de Jubainville, Henri, 35, 37, Synod of Thurles, 59 40, 88, 90, 243 Synod of Tuam, 184 Darwin, Charles; Darwinism; Celtic , 5, 12, 26, 37–40, 87, 90, Darwinian, 5, 27, 176, 209, 230, 127–8, 154–5, 158, 194 234–6, 238–40, 242–3, 246 INDEX 295

Deirdre of the Sorrows (see Synge, John E Millington) economic(s), 2, 11, 16–17 de Reu, Martine, 60–1 Elpis nursing home, 47–8, 259 devotional revolution, 59, 60, 63, 186 Emmet, Robert, 179, 244 Dickens, Charles, 16 Engels, Friedrich, 4, 14–16, 175 Dickinson, Mabel, 263 Enlightenment, the, 86, 214 Dickson, David, 175 Erasmus, 178 Dirane, Pat, 44, 83, 85 Esposito, Vera, 159 dominant culture, 2–6, 9–11, 13, 15, 18 Estyn Evans, E., 68 Donegal, County, 124 Evil Eye, 117, 130–1, 154 Doolin, Darby, 58 Doyle, John, 99, 102–3 Dublin, 25–6, 29–31, 43, 46–7, 49, F 85, 96, 128, 139, 149, 158–9, fairy; fairies, 7, 18, 44, 58, 67–8, 175, 179, 181, 205–6, 212, 218, 85, 91, 97–8, 102, 124–5, 232–3, 238, 242, 246, 260–1, 263 127, 132, 134–6, 139, 150, 152, Aston Quay, 47 185, 204, 206–7, 210–16, 218, Ballsbridge, 149 221–7, 229–31, 237, 241–3, 246, Bloomfi eld Mental Hospital, 212 263 Camden Hall, 159 familism, 59 Camden Street, 159, 181 Famine, the Great, 8, 11, 58–9, 61, Gardiner Street, 143 129, 155–6, 214 Glenageary, 46–7 Faris, Wendy B., 122, 135 Howth, 75, 230 Fauget, A.E., 35 Kilmashogue (Dublin Mountains), 97 Faure, Sébastien, 14, 16 Kingstown (Dún Laoghaire), 34, Fay, Frank, 157, 159–60, 177–8, 181, 42, 47, 211 202, 238, 265 Leeson Street, Upper, 27 Fay, Willie, 192–3, 195, 201, 230 Lower Mount Street, 47, 261 fi n-de-siècle , 118, 176, 211, 216, 263 Monkstown, 175 Finistère, Brittany, 80, 82 Municipal Gallery of Modern Art, Fleming, Deborah, 213 212 folklore, 2, 5, 11, 34, 83, 124, 127, Portmarnock, 75 188, 207, 209, 214, 216, 219, Rathfarnham, 27 221, 224, 232, 235 Rathgar, 27, 47 Folklore Society, the, 125 Rathmines, 47, 175, 264 Foster, John Wilson, 217 Rockbrook , 46 Foster, R.F., 193 Slieve Ruadh (Dublin Mountains), 97 Frazer, James; The Golden Bough , Westmoreland Street, 203 40–1, 66, 89–90, 100, 117, Dublin Naturalists’ Field Club, 75, 131 125, 129, 130, 134, 187, 189, Dublin Theosophical Society, 119 210, 218–20, 224, 227–9, 231, Duncan, Ellen, 212, 238 235–6 296 INDEX

G Henry VIII, 177 Gaelic League, the, 179 Hillgarth, J.N., 184 Galway, County, 25, 126, 129, 148, Hinduism , 94 175, 179, 191, 204, 232, 243, Holloway, Joseph, 48, 113, 139, 155, 261, 267 157, 159, 181, 193–4, 202, 238, Coole Park, 128, 218, 261 260, 264 Garrick, David, 28 Holmes, Richard, 86 Garrigan Mattar, Sinéad, 88, 203, 208 Home Rule , 179, 266 Gebhart, Emile, 35 Hutton, Ronald, 65, 139 Germany, 34 Huxley, Margaret, 260 Danzig, 92 Koblenz, 34, 92 Oberwerth, 34, 47 I the Rhine, 34 Ibsen, Henrik, 31, 113 Würzburg, 34, 208 ideology; ideological, 1, 3–6, 13, 15, Gill, Thomas Patrick, 195 33, 57–8, 60, 76–7, 88, 103, Girard, René, 229 116–17, 150, 225, 228, 242, Gogarty, Oliver St. John, 114, 207 265–6 Gonne, Maud , 16, 115 Imbas Forosnaí , 117, 131–2, 135–8, Gramsci, Antonio, 214 154, 158 Grand Nassau Hotel, Dublin, 263 Imbolc, 65 Grattan, Henry, 179, 244 India , 84 Greene, David, 218 Ingold, Tim, 88 Green Man, the, 65–6 In the Shadow of the Glen (see Synge, Gregory, Lady Augusta, 19, 28, 31, John Millington) 41, 48, 82, 113, 123, 125, Ireland 176–8, 180, 195, 208, 218, 230, Act of Union, 8 233, 260–3 Catholic Emancipation, 8 Grene, Nicholas, 1, 86, 116, 129, Catholic penal laws, 7 137, 178 Congested Districts, 240 Grierson, Herbert, 230 Encumbered Estates Court, 8, 175 Griffi th, Arthur, 78, 149 Irish Church Act, 26 Irish House of Commons, 8, 26 Irish National Museum, 224 H National Library of Ireland, 40–1, Haddon, Alfred Cort, 131 236 Hall, S.C., 140, 146 National System of Education, 58 Harrison, Paul, 78 Seanad Éireann, 244 Hatch, John, 31 Supreme Court, 8 hegemony; hegemonic, 2–6, 8, 12–13, Irish Folklore Commission, 58, 64 77, 116–17, 119, 178, 183, 214, Irish Literary Theatre, 28, 38 242–3, 246, 263, 265–6 Irish National Theatre Society, the, Henderson, W.A., 238 140, 159–60, 177 INDEX 297

J M Japan , 83 MacIntyre, Tom, 225 Jerusalem, Israel, 80 MacKenna, Stephen, 9, 14, 41, 68, Joyce, James, 114–15, 156, 159–60, 80, 91, 119, 207, 262 194, 232–3 Magee, Bryan, 95 Joyce, Mary Jane, 114 magical realism, 104, 116–19, 121–5, Joyce, Stanislaus, 114 129, 135–7, 156–8, 267 Joy, Maurice, 259–60 magic; magical, 2, 87, 98, 130–3, 139, 148, 155, 158, 186, 193, 207, 218–19, 224, 227–8, 235, 245 K Mallarmé, Stéphane, 36 Kant, Immanuel, 92–5, 119 Manannán Mac Lir, 127–8, 139, 149, keen; keening . See caoine; caoineadh 152, 154 Kenny, Patrick, 9–10, 70, 182, 238, Manchester, England, 241 246 Marillier, Léon, 36 Kerry, County, 216, 226, 232, 259 Marlowe, Christopher, 264 Killarney, 80 Martyn, Edward, 237 Mountain Stage, 220 Marx, Karl, 4, 14–17, 175, 259, 265–6 Tralee, 216 Maryborough Prison, 206 Kiberd, Declan, 1, 125–6, 154, 202, Masefi eld, John , 13–14, 114 217 Matheson, Cherrie, 42–4, 176 King, Mary C., 1, 137 Maynooth , 59 Kingsley, Charles, 237 Mayo, County, 204, 206–7, 219–21, Kopper, Edward, 116 223, 226–8, 237, 239, 247, 267 McCarthy, Hannah, 58 McCarthy, John, 58 L McCarthy, M.J.F., 9, 64 Laird, Helen S. (Honor Lavelle), 176 McCormack, W.J., 6, 35 Lang, Andrew, 87, 158, 225, 230 McCracken, Samuel, 30–1 L’Association Irlandaise (see Gonne, McLaughlin, Jim, 60 Maud) McMahon, Séan, 228 Le Braz, Anatole, 36–40, 47, 203, Meath, County, 31 206, 208 Ballinacree, 65 Lee, Joseph, 5, 11 memory, 10, 47, 103, 136, 181, 232, 242 Leerssen, Joep, 36 Messenger, John, 128, 130, 185, 229 Leighlin, County Kildare, 150 metaphysics, 83, 88, 91, 96, 101, 120, Leo Africanus (al-Hasan ibn 121, 217 Muhammed al-Wazzan al Fasi) , Meyerfeld, Max, 25–6, 187–8 262 Meyer, Kuno, 127 Levine, Michael P., 79, 97, 101 Miller, David, 193 Limerick, County, 144 modernity, 5, 9–12, 16, 34, 46, 48–9, Lloyd, David, 11, 156, 264 59, 60, 62, 69, 77, 103, 117, Lynchehaun, James, 204, 206–7 140, 157–8, 213–14, 216, 259, Lysaght, Patricia, 138–9, 245 263, 265–6 298 INDEX

Molesworth Hall, 139 pantheism; pantheistic, 18, 30, 33–4, Molière, 174 44–6, 77–80, 82–5, 87–91, 96–8, Moore, George, 43, 175–6, 233, 236 100–4, 215 Moran, D.P., 5, 9, 41, 246, 264–5 Paris, 14–15, 30, 32, 34–5, 40–3, 46, Morris, William, 17 80, 82, 114, 193, 203, 205, 208, Mount Jerome cemetery, 47–8 233 Mountjoy Prison, 206 Collège de France, 36 Murphy, Paul, 10, 17 d’Assas, rue, 42 École Pratique des Hautes-Études, 35 N Hôtel Corneille, 42 nationalism, 5, 12 Hôtel de l’Univers, 42 Newton, Isaac, 86 Hôtel St. Malo, 42 Ní Chonaill, Eibhlín Dubh, 141 Lafayette, rue, 42 Nic Shiubhlaigh, Máire, 143–4, 201, Left-Bank, 35 239 Léopold Robert, rue, 42 Ní Dhuibhne-Almqvist, Éilís, 208 Louvre, 35 Nutt, Alfred, 90, 210, 229, 230 Parkinson, Lois, 122 Parnell, Charles Stewart, 177, 179–80, 195, 244, 266 O Passy, Paul, 35 O’Casey, Seán, 40, 194 Pearse, Pádraig, 128, 241, 267 Ó Crualaoich, Gearóid, 152 Petit de Julleville, Louis, 35, 183, 191, O’Curry, Eugene, 131, 144 194 O’ Dempsey, Brigit, 211 Petrie, George, 28, 118, 142, 156, Ó Giolláin, Diarmuid, 221 210 Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí, 69, 77, 127, 132 Pine, Emilie, 232 Ó Madagáin, Breandán, 146, 156 Pittock, Malcom, 137 Ó Máille, William, 203–4, 207 Plato , 94–6 Orientalism, 36, 82–3 The Playboy of the Western World (see O’Riordan, Michael, 9, 69, 245, 265 Synge, John Millington) Ó Súilleabháin, Seán, 123, 128, 134, Plunkett, Horace, 9, 69, 244–5 138, 151, 187 Plymouth Brethren, 176 Otherworld, the; Tír na nÓg , 126–8, politics; political, 1–2, 4, 6–17, 19, 35, 132, 135, 139, 148, 150, 153–4, 39, 41, 48, 59, 60, 64, 69–70, 156, 223, 225–6, 259–61, 263, 267 77, 103, 157, 173–4, 177–80, 195, 204, 242–4, 263, 265–7 Popular Catholicism, 61–2, 66–9, 214 P postcolonial, 5, 117, 177–8 pagan; paganism, 1–2, 9, 29, 48, 60, pre-modern, 2, 9, 11–13, 16, 41, 117, 66, 113, 118, 128, 139, 155, 140, 157–8, 212, 214 182, 184, 201, 203–4, 227, 229, pre-political, 2, 9, 11–12, 16, 39, 41, 263, 265 157, 265 INDEX 299 primitivism, 80 Russell, George (Æ), 119, 160, 201, 241 Protestant; Protestantism, 9, 15, 25, Ryan, W.P., 9–10, 182, 195, 238 27, 31, 59, 68, 145, 160, 174, 176–9, 181, 188, 190–5, 214, 235, 244–5, 262–3 S Samhain, 124, 130, 139, 153 Sardar, Ziauddin, 82 Q Schopenhauer, Arthur, 45, 80, 91–6, Queen Elizabeth I, 26, 177 101, 118–20, 122, 124, 132–5, Quinn, John , 13, 79, 195, 208, 259 139, 147–8, 159 Shakespeare, William, 28 shaman; shamanism, 135 R Sharp, William, 208 Rabelais, François, 36, 174 Sheehan, Daniel, 232, 237–8, 241–2, Raglan, Lady, 66 246 realism, 18, 104, 113–17, 119–20, Silver, Carole G., 230, 240, 242 122–4, 130, 136–7, 139, 158 Singleton, Brian, 82 religion, 1, 6, 10–12, 15, 16, 19, Skelton, Robin, 153 25–6, 30, 33–4, 41, 46, 48, 69, Slieve Mann, 99 180–1, 263, 266–7 Sligo, County, 183 Remy, Judith Dineen, 125, 129, 151 Smith Colman, Pamela, 114 Renan, Ernest, 37 socialism; socialist, 14–18, 33, 194, 212 Republicanism, 177–8, 203 Société Fraternelle d’Étudiants residual culture, 1–4, 7, 11, 13, Protestants , 35 16–19, 25–6, 33, 35, 40, 44, 46, Spain, 33 48–9, 57–8, 61–3, 65, 67–9, Spencer, Herbert, 40, 89, 96, 121–2, 76–7, 79, 104, 117, 133, 140, 132–6, 138, 240, 243 155, 159, 185, 188, 214, 239, Spenser, Edmund, 150, 155 259, 261–2, 265–6 Spinoza, Baruch de, 80, 91, 96, 101–2 Revival, the, 12, 37, 77, 158, 214, St. Bede, 128 216–17, 265 Stephens, Edward, 25, 30, 78, 138, 218 Rhys, John, 125 Stephens, Harry, 25, 63, 138 Richards, Shaun, 8, 37 Steward, Robert, 146 Riders to the Sea (see Synge, John St. Martin’s night, 128 Millington) Stokes, G.T. , 28, 181 Roberts, George, 143, 158, 160, 233 Stokes, William, 118 Roche, Anthony, 1, 79, 152, 219 St. Patrick, 140, 181–2, 187–8 Rokem, Freddie, 231 Stuart, William, 31, 142 Romanticism, 86–7 supernatural, 60–1, 68, 76, 81, 83, Rome, Italy, 184, 193, 195, 233 85, 87, 90, 97, 103, 115–17, Royal Irish Academy of Music, 34, 146 119, 121–5, 132, 135–7, 139, Royal Irish Constabulary, 205 150, 157, 159, 187–8, 262 300 INDEX

Swedenborg, Emanuel, 118–20, 132 Todorov, Tzvetan, 122–3 Synge, Alex, 118 totemism , 89–90, 220 Synge, Annie Isabella, 25 Traill, Anne, 27 Synge, Edith, 6 Traill, Anthony, 28 Synge, Edward, 25, 114 Traill, Robert, 176 Synge, Edward Hutchinson, 212 Synge, John Hatch, 25–6 Synge, John Millington U The Aran Islands , 118, 124, 127, Unionism, 177, 203 138, 155, 179, 208, 210, United Kingdom, the, 8 217–18 Birmingham, 46 Bride and Kathleen A Play of ’98 , 177 Canterbury, 80 Deirdre of the Sorrows , 2, 34, 63, 69, Cumberland, 80 75–111, 140, 144 Lake District, England, 82 Luasnad Capa and Laine , 141 London , 8, 41, 113, 132, 148–9, The Playboy of the Western World , 2, 205 9, 34, 36, 39, 48, 68, 84, 136, Lough Neagh, 85 140, 179, 182, 186, 195, Plymouth, 80 201–58 United States of America Riders to the Sea , 2, 18, 34, 36, 57, Detroit, 262 104, 113–71, 177, 194, 207, New York, 79, 195, 259 215, 223, 241 Université de Paris – Sorbonne , 35 In The Shadow of the Glen , 2, 18, 34, University College Dublin, 156 44, 57, 70, 139, 159, 189, University of Dublin, Trinity College, 241, 262, 264 28, 81, 146, 178, 190, 195, 208, The Tinker’s Wedding , 2, 18, 34, 48, 212 57–73, 82, 191 A Vernal Play , 140 The Well of the Saints , 2, 25, 34, 39, V 43, 47–8, 159–60, 173–202, 206 Vatican, the, 193 When the Moon Has Set , 2, 18, Vidacovich, Nicolò, 114 25–55, 63, 104 Vigne, Andrieu de la, 183 Synge, Kathleen (née Traill), 14, 16, Voltaire, 19 17, 26–7, 35, 42, 45, 47–8, 139, Von Eicken, Valeska, 208 195, 235 Synge, Robert Anthony, 25, 48 Synge, Samuel, 6, 14, 28, 42 W Wakeman, William Frederick, 28, 210 Watson, George, 37 T The Well of the Saints (see Synge, John Teamhur Feis , 140, 142 Millington) The Tinker’s Wedding (see Synge, John Wentz Evans, W.Y., 132 Millington) Wexford, County, 61, 64 INDEX 301

Bellgrove, 64 Roundwood , 30–1 Killinick , 61 Sheenamore, 99 Whelan, Kevin, 145 Wilde, Lady Jane, 76, 85, 139, 188, When the Moon Has Set (see Synge, 206 John Millington) Wilde, Oscar, 205–6 Wicklow, County, 25–7, 29–32, 46, 62, Wilde, William, 58, 242 68, 76–9, 82–4, 87–8, 97–102, Williams, Raymond, 2–4, 12 114, 175, 179, 184–5, 267 Winterbottom, John, 99–100, 102–3 Annamoe, 29 Wood-Martin, W.G, 222 Arklow , 102 Wordsworth, William, 80–2, 86–7 Aughavannagh, 76, 98–9 Wredit, Etta, 262 Avonmore River, 76 Wright, G.N., 140 Ballard, 102 Wright, Udolphus, 211 Ballinacor, 30 Ballinagappogue, 99 Ballinatone, 184 Y Baltinglass, 99 Yeats, Jack Butler, 240, 246 Bray, 27 Yeats, John Butler, 19, 182, 208, 247, Camaderry Mountain, 85 263–4 Castle Kevin, 29–30 Yeats, Lolly, 261, 263 Enniskerry, 46 Yeats, William Butler, 5, 6, 13, 26, 28, Glendalough, 29 31–3, 37–41, 43, 48, 69, 82–3, Glendasan Valley, 85 113–15, 119, 123, 125–6, 131–2, Glenmalure, 76, 83–5, 91, 97–8, 155, 158–9, 175–7, 180–1, 187, 100, 102 203, 207–9, 212–13, 217, Greenane, 76, 184–90, 193 218–19, 224–5, 230–6, 238, Lough Bray, 83 243–4, 259–63, 266–7 Lough Nahanagan, 85 Lugnacuillaigh, 62, 76 Rathdangan, 62, 76 Z Rathdrum, 30, 103 Zola, Émile, 113