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Coniferous Wood of Agathoxylon from the La Matilde Formation, (Middle Jurassic), Santa Cruz, Argentina

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Coniferous Wood of Agathoxylon from the La Matilde Formation, (Middle Jurassic), Santa Cruz, Argentina Journal of Paleontology, page 1 of 22 Copyright © 2018, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/15/0088-0906 doi: 10.1017/jpa.2017.145 Coniferous wood of Agathoxylon from the La Matilde Formation, (Middle Jurassic), Santa Cruz, Argentina Adriana C. Kloster,1 and Silvia C. Gnaedinger2 1Área de Paleontología, Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CECOAL-CCT CONICET Nordeste-UNNE). 〈[email protected]〉 2Área de Paleontología, Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CECOAL-CCT CONICET Nordeste-UNNE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FaCENA-UNNE). Casilla de Correo 291, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina, 〈[email protected]〉 Abstract.—In this contribution, four species of Agathoxylon are described from the La Matilde Formation, Gran Bajo de San Julián and central and south-western sectors of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. Agathoxylon agathioides (Kräusel and Jain) n. comb., Agathoxylon santalense (Sah and Jain) n. comb., Agathoxylon termieri (Attims) Gnaedinger and Herbst, and the new species Agathoxylon santacruzense n. sp. are described based on a detailed description of the secondary xylem. In this work, it was possible to construct scatter plots to elucidate the anatomical differences between the fossil species described on quantitative anatomical data. Comparisons are made with other Agathoxylon species from Gondwana. These parameters can be used to discriminate genera and species of wood found in the same formation, as well as to establish differences/similarities between other taxa described in other formations. Some localities contain innumerable “in situ” petrified trees, which allowed us to infer that these taxa formed small forests, or local forests, or small forests within a dense forest, which is a habitat coincident with the extant Araucariaceae. Introduction the province (i.e., forests with in situ petrified trunks and rolled trees). These localities are found in the Estancia El Mineral Sediments of the La Matilde Formation crop out in several areas (Laguna La Guadalosa), Estancia Meseta Chica (Barda Blanca, of Santa Cruz province (Argentina), some localities containing Cerro Conito, northern part), and Estancia La Silvita (Laguna “in situ” silicified trees, with many fallen and fragmented exam- del Carbón) (Figs. 1, 2). ples (De Barrios et. al., 1999). The geological and paleontological Anatomical descriptions of Osmundales macrofossils and leaf characteristics of the La Matilde Formation have already been impressions of the orders Equisetales, Osmundales, Bennettitales, described by several authors (e.g., Delhaes, 1913; Frenguelli, and Coniferales have been made from these outcrops (Feruglio, 1933; Feruglio, 1949; Stipanicic and Reig, 1957; Spalletti et al., 1951; Archangelsky and de la Sota, 1962; Herbst, 1977, 2003; 1982; Panza and Irigoyen, 1995; Panza, 1998). Baldoni, 1981, 1990; Herbst and Salazar, 1999). In addition, also Sediments of the La Matilde Formation crop out in diverse from this formation, petrified cones (Spegazzini, 1924; Calder, sectors of the province of Santa Cruz: the central-eastern sector: 1953; Menéndez, 1960; Stockey, 1977, 1978; Stockey and Taylor, Cañadón de La Matilde, where the type locality is situated 1978), as well as silicified fungi (Singer and Archangelsky, 1957) (Criado Roque, 1953; Stipanicic and Reig, 1957; Panza, 1984, and wood, Agathoxylon matildense (Zamuner and Falaschi, 2005), 1995, 1998); the central sector, the best known from a paleonto- have been described from the well-known “Jaramillo Petrified logical point of view, comprising, among other localities, Forests,” including areas such as Cerro Madre e Hija and Cerro the “Monumento Natural Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo” Cuadrado, among others. (Jaramillo Petrified Forest National Park) (Panza, 1982, 1995, In previous studies of the xyloflora from the Gran Bajo de 1998); the central and south-western sector (Bajo El Puma and San Julián sector, taxa of the order Coniferales were described: estancia Manantial Espejo, among other localities) (Panza, 1986; Protelicoxylon Philippe and Herbstiloxylon Gnaedinger, related to De Barrios, 1989; Panza and Marín, 1996; Panza and Cobos, members of the Cupressaceae; Circoporopitys Gnaedinger, two 1998); and the Gran Bajo de San Julián sector comprising local- new species of Podocarpoxylon Gothan, and Circoporoxylon ities such as Laguna del Molino, Laguna del Carbón, Mina del Kräusel, belonging to the Podocarpaceae; and Planoxylon Stopes, Gobierno, Mina La Pareja and Puesto Raspuzzi, among others of the group Protopinaceae. Specimens of Prototaxoxylon Kräusel (Panza and De Barrios, 1989; Panza and Irigoyen, 1995). and Dolianiti of the order Taxales, and Ginkgomyeloxylon tanzanii Herbst et al. (1995) found new outcrops containing large Giraud and Hankel of the order Ginkgoales, also have been quantities of petrified logs in the Gran Bajo de San Julián sector, described (Gnaedinger and Herbst, 2006; Gnaedinger, 2007a, b, which show the same characteristics as those from the north of 2012). 1 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 177.204.168.204, on 03 Apr 2018 at 16:29:38, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.145 2 Journal of Paleontology Figure 1. (1) Map showing the location La Matilde Formation of the Santa Cruz Province in Argentina. (2) Map showing the location Bajo El Puma and Gran Bajo San Julián sector (arrows). (3) Geologic map of the Gran Bajo San Julián sector, the circle shows the location of the localities. (Adapted from Gnaedinger and Herbst, 2006). Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 177.204.168.204, on 03 Apr 2018 at 16:29:38, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.145 Kloster and Gnaedinger—Agathoxylon wood anatomy from La Matilde Formation, Argentina 3 Figure 2. Gran Bajo San Julián localities. (1) Barda Blanca locality showing carbonaceous pelitic levels (arrow); (2) wood “in situ” from Barda Blanca locality; (3) Cerro Conito locality; (4) wood “in situ” from Cerro Conito locality. In this contribution, Agathoxylon species are described for Morton and Herbst, 2001; Baez and Nicoli, 2003) are associated the first time from the Gran Bajo de San Julián sector (northern in these levels. The rest of the abundant wood is distributed part of Estancia Meseta Chica, Barda Blanca, Cerro Conito, throughout the formation. The base of the Bahía Laura Group Laguna La Guadalosa, and the south-east border of Laguna del is either the Roca Blanca Formation (Lower Jurassic) or the Carbón) and the central and south-western sector (Bajo El Bajo Pobre Formation (probably Aalenian–Bajocian) (Panza Puma), collected from the Middle Jurassic of the La Matilde and Irigoyen, 1995). The top is constituted by a series of brown Formation in Argentina. clays (San Julián Formation), which, because they contain a fossil flora of angiosperm leaves, would be assigned to the Geological setting Cenozoic (De Giusto, 1955; Bertels, 1977; De Giusto et al., 1980). The La Matilde Formation is part of the Bahía Laura Group The age of the Bahía Laura Group is still subject to some and is widely distributed in the province of Santa Cruz dispute. In modern times, by means of radiometric dating, dif- (De Barrios et al., 1999, fig. 28, p. 513) (Fig. 1). The specimens ferent authors have offered different age data, but all coincide analyzed come from the Gran Bajo San Julián, central, and between 157 Ma and 162 Ma ± 5–10 Myr; this means the La south-western areas (Fig. 1.2). In the Gran Bajo San Julián Matilde Formation can be assigned to the Bathonian interval up sector, the La Matilde Formation comprises ~70–80 m of to the Callovian (Spalletti et al., 1982; De Barrios, 1993; tuffs, sometimes sandy tuffites, lithic tuffs (tufolites), and Echeveste et al., 2001). chonites of greatly varied coloration, generally in tabular strata; Paleoenvironmentally, the La Matilde Formation sedi- also present are very subordinate amounts of fine-grained ments indicate that it is a continental sequence, characteristic, in conglomerates. part, of a low-energy fluvial environment; in the flood plains, There are also carbonaceous pelitic levels, up to true coals, some bodies of water (lagoons) formed in some areas that partly which are generally located near the base of the sequence came to be of marsh conditions (lentic and reducing). In the cropping out in the Gran Bajo de San Julián sector, particularly region, an intense volcanism developed, producing the exten- in the Laguna del Carbón and Barda Blanca localities (Figs. 1.3, 2). sively distributed ash and other pyroclastic products that con- Woods and some other fossil conchostracans, pelecypods, stitute the bulk of the sediments (Mazzoni et al., 1981; De insects, and anurans (Stipanicic and Reig, 1957; Gallego, 1994; Barrios et al., 1999). Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 177.204.168.204, on 03 Apr 2018 at 16:29:38, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.145 4 Journal of Paleontology Materials and methods 1964 Dadoxylon agathioides Kräusel and Jain, p. 59, pl. 1, figs. 1–3, pl. 3, figs. 14, 15, text-figs. 1, 4. The specimens described come from the La Matilde Formation, 1974 Araucarioxylon agathioides (Kräusel and Jain); Bose Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, (Fig. 1.1) and were collected from and Maheshwari [seen in Yadav and Bhattacharyya, the Bajo El Puma locality of the central and south-western sector 1996, p. 59]. and another four localities from the Gran Bajo de San Julián sector: Laguna La Guadalosa (Estancia El Mineral), Cerro Conito, Barda Holotype.—24288/255 B.S.I.P. from Mandro, Rajmahal Hills, Blanca and the northern part of Estancia Meseta Chica (Estancia Bihar, India (Jurassic). Meseta Chica), and the south-east border of Laguna del Carbón (Estancia La Silvita) (Figs.
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