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AMEGHINIANA Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina RESÚMENES TOMO 46 Número 4 BUENOS AIRES REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA 2009 Se deja constancia que el presente suplemento se halla desprovisto de validez para propósitos nomenclaturales Disclaimer: this supplement is not deemed to be valid for nomenclatural purposes El Comité Editor de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina deja constancia que solamente se incluyen en este Suplemento los resúmenes enviados por los organizadores de las diferentes reuniones. AMEGHINIANA 46 (4) Suplemento, 2009-RESÚMENES XXIV JORNADAS ARGENTINAS DE PALEONTOLOGÍA DE VERTEBRADOS RESÚMENES 4 al 7 de mayo de 2009 Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael (MHNSR), San Rafael, Mendoza COMISIÓN ORGANIZADORA Presidente Marcelo S. de la Fuente (MHNSR) Secretarias Analía Forasiepi (MHNSR) Juliana Sterli (MHNSR) Vocales Miriam Ayala (MHNSR) René Biglione (DGE-Mendoza) Sergio Dieguez (CNEA) Gladys García (Universidad Champagnat) Miguel Giardina (MHNSR) Adolfo Gil (MHNSR) Gustavo Neme (MHNSR) Clara Otaola (MHNSR) Nuria Sugrañes (MHNSR) Financiado por ANPCyT, CONICET y Fondo Provincial de la Cultura de la Pcia. de Mendoza. Auspiciado por Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael y Municipalidad de San Rafael (Mendoza). AMEGHINIANA 46 (4) Sumplemento, 2009-RESÚMENES 4R CONFERENCIAS Origen de la ictiofauna marina y continental de América del Sur Austral A.L. CIONE1 La ictiofauna neotropical continental es la más rica en especies del mundo. Su mayor riqueza se localiza en las áreas intertropi- cales, un paralelo de lo que sucede con otros organismos. Se calcula que pueden existir 8.000 especies de peces continentales, un cuarto de la totalidad de los conocidos en todo el mundo en ambiente marino o continental. La ictiofauna marina no es compa- rable a esa esplendidez. Los peces continentales, como en otras partes del planeta, son casi exclusivamente teleósteos y se inte- gran principalmente por ostariofisos otofisi: siluriformes (bagres y sus parientes), caraciformes (mojarras y sus parientes) y gim- notiformes (anguilas eléctricas y sus parientes). También son muy importantes algunos grupos de perciformes (las chanchitas), algunos grupos de cyprinidontiformes (las madrecitas de agua y sus parientes) y algunas familias de ateriniformes (los pejerre- yes). Los peces marinos, también como en otras partes del mundo, están integrados fundamentalmente por teleósteos y condri- citios. Entre los teleósteos predominan los tetraodontiformes y perciformes en zonas más cálidas y los perciformes y gadiformes en zonas más frías. Los condrictios son mucho más diversos en zonas tropicales, donde dominan los carcarriniformes. El estu- dio del origen y de la historia de la ictiofauna se ha realizado a partir de datos actuales y del registro fósil. En las últimas tres dé- cadas ha habido un gran progreso en el conocimiento de las relaciones filogenéticas (basadas en morfología y en datos molecu- lares) tanto en peces marinos como continentales. También se han identificado patrones recurrentes de distribución de formas actuales en distintas áreas de América Central y del Sur. Por otra parte, el registro fósil incluye representantes de la mayoría de los grupos actuales, siendo algunos muy antiguos, aunque no tanto como predicen los estudios moleculares. A pesar de lo ex- presado, estamos aún lejos de comprender el origen y evolución de la mayoría de los grupos involucrados. 1División Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. The origin of anthropoid primates and platyrrhine evolution in South America R.F. KAY1 The Order Primates has a long and rich evolutionary history. The earliest primates of modern aspect appeared in the la- test Paleocene and early Eocene of Africa, Eurasia and North America. One major branch, the Strepsirrhini led to living African and Asian lorises and Madagascar lemurs; a second, the Haplorhini, to living tarsiers, monkeys of the New and Old World, apes and humans. Fossil evidence for the haplorhine-strepsirrhine plyletic split is already present when the first known primates are identified. We are fortunate in having living primate species that encompass a vast niche space. Living primates vary in activity pattern from diurnal to strictly nocturnal. Some species have acute trichromatic vision whilst others see dimly in black and white. The primate locomotion repertoire includes a range of quadrupedal, saltatory and brachiating arboreal and terrestrial species. Primate diets range from insect eating to leaf-eating and even grazing. Some taxa have acute olfaction whilst others have a reduced sense of smell. Social behavior ranges from solitary living to monogamy to harem-group sociality. Each of these specializations leaves an imprint on the morphology of the living spe- cies and enables us to reconstruct the pattern of niche space through time using ecomorphology. In this talk, I apply phy- logenetics and ecomorphology to reconstruct the pattern of anthropoid evolution in the New World. The origin of platyrrhines was certainly African and must have occurred before 31 Ma. Monkeys first appear in South America about 26 Ma. Platyrrhine evolution often is conceived of as a single ancient adaptive radiation with the three living families (Pitheciidae, Atelidae, and Cebidae) already having appeared by ~20 million years ago, so cladogenesis would have oc- curred earlier in the earliest Miocene or even in the Oligocene. This has been called the Long Lineage or Morphological Stasis Hypothesis (MSH). A further elaboration of this scenario is that from the beginning the three families occupied eco- logically distinct and mostly non-overlapping adaptive zones. Recently, separate phylogenetic analyses of morphology and molecules are at odds with MSH and point to a very different scenario recently called the Successive Radiation Hypothesis (SRH). A variety of phylogenetic analyses support SRH. Morphological studies show that all known late Oligocene to later early Miocene South American monkeys are stem taxa: collectively they are sister to the extant crown- clade Platyrrhini. Taxa recognizably identified with crown-clade Platyrrhini first appear about 15 million years ago. Not until about 12 Ma are the modern platyrrhine families recognized. Molecular studies of living platyrrhines utilizing mo- lecular clocks calibrated from the fossil record of Old and New World primates agree with the fossil evidence and strongly support SRH: the crown-clade families appeared no earlier than ~16 Ma. Viewed against this phylogenetic back- ground, it becomes clear that the niche space first occupied by stem platyrrhines was later reoccupied by crown platyrr- hines. Thus, the fossil record of monkey evolution in South America is best viewed as a layered (SRH) pattern, with se- veral independent extinct clades filling modern platyrrhine niche space, and modern platyrrhine families and subfami- lies appearing in the middle to late Miocene over the next nine-million-years. The roles in the platyrrhine evolutionary play have remained more or less similar throughout platyrrhine evolutionary history but the cast of actors has changed. 1Department of Evolutionary Anthropology. Duke University. U.S.A. AMEGHINIANA 46 (4) Suplemento, 2009-RESÚMENES 5R El Cuaternario de la región pampeana y sus mamíferos: bioestratigrafía y paleoambientes* E.P. TONNI1 La secuencia faunística continental del Plioceno al reciente en la región pampeana del este de la Argentina, constituyó la base para la escala cronológica de América del Sur. Previamente, esta escala cronológica fue basada sobre una sucesión de “Edades Mamífero” pero recientemente se desarrolló una escala bioestratigráfica que da sustento a la cronológica y permite una mayor resolución temporal. Desde el Pleistoceno al Holoceno se han reconocido cuatro unidades bioestrati- gráficas (Biozonas de Asociación). Las biozonas de Mesotherium cristatum Serres y de Megatherium americanum Cuvier constituyen, respectivamente, la base bioestratigráfica de los Pisos Ensenadense (Pleistoceno temprano a medio) y Bonaerense (Pleistoceno medio); adicionalmente, en la base del Bonaerense se reconoció una biozona basada en micro- mamíferos, la biozona de Ctenomys kraglievichi (Rusconi). La Biozona de Equus (Amerhippus) neogaeus Lund es la base del Piso Lujanense (Pleistoceno tardío a Holoceno temprano), y la de Lagostomus maximus (Desmarest) representa la base bio- estratigráfica del Piso Platense (Holoceno temprano a tardío). Un importante recambio faunístico se produce entre las bio- zonas de Mesotherium cristatum y de Megatherium americanum, mientras que la biozona de Equus (Amerhippus) neogaeus es- tá definida por un recambio menos significativo. Los sedimentos que representan al Platense se depositaron con poste- rioridad al proceso de extinción que generó en América del Sur la desaparición del nivel trófico correspondiente a los me- gamamíferos. Durante el Sanandresense tardío (Plioceno tardío) y comienzos del Ensenadense (ca. 1,8 Ma) se verifica un importante recambio faunístico, consistente en la extinción de clados autóctonos (Microtragulidae, Eumysops Ameghino), la extinción local de mamíferos adaptados a condiciones cálidas y húmedas (Echimyidae, Tayassuidae, Procyonidae) y los primeros registros de mamíferos adaptados a condiciones frías y áridas o semiáridas (Lestodelphys Tate, grandes tar- dígrados). Estos eventos biogeográficos son coevos con avances glaciales en el sur de la Argentina. En el Ensenadense se verifica un incremento en los
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    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Pal&ontologische Zeitschrift 2008, Vol. 82•2, p. 139-152, 30-06-2008 New Glyptodont from the Codore Formation (Pliocene), Falc6n State, Venezuela, its relationship with the Asterostemma problem, and the paleobiogeography of the Glyptodontinae ALFREDO A. CARLINI, La Plata; ALFREDO E. ZURITA, La Plata; GUSTAVO J. SCILLATO-YANI~, La Plata; RODOLFO S,&,NCHEZ, Urumaco & ORANGEL A. AGUILERA, Coro with 3 figures CARLINI, A.A.; ZURITA,A.E.; SCILLATO-YANI~,G.J.; S.~NCHEZ,R. & AGUILERA,O.A. 2008. New Glyptodont from the Codore Formation (Pliocene), Falc6n State, Venezuela, its relationship with the Asterostemma problem, and the paleo- biogeography of the Glyptodontinae. - Palaontologische Zeitschrift 82 (2): 139-152, 3 figs., Stuttgart, 30. 6. 2008. Abstract: One of the basal Glyptodontidae groups is represented by the Propalaehoplophorinae (late Oligocene - mid- dle Miocene), whose genera (Propalaehoplophorus, Eucinepeltus, Metopotoxus, Cochlops, and Asterostemma) were initially recognized in Argentinian Patagonia. Among these, Asterostemma was characterized by its wide latitudinal distribution, ranging from southernmost (Patagonia) to northernmost (Colombia, Venezuela) South America. How- ever, the generic assignation of the Miocene species from Colombia and Venezuela (A.? acostae, A. gigantea, and A. venezolensis) was contested by some authors, who explicitly accepted the possibility that these species could corre- spond to a new genus, different from those recognized in southern areas. A new comparative study of taxa from Argen- tinian Patagonia, Colombia and Venezuela (together with the recognition of a new genus and species for the Pliocene of the latter country) indicates that the species in northern South America are not Propalaehoplophorinae, but represent the first stages in the cladogenesis of the Glyptodontinae glyptodontids, the history of which was heretofore restricted to the late Miocene - early Holocene of southernmost South America.
  • Thesis Sci 2009 Bergh N G.Pdf

    Thesis Sci 2009 Bergh N G.Pdf

    The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Systematics of the Relhaniinae (Asteraceae- Gnaphalieae) in southern Africa: geography and evolution in an endemic Cape plant lineage. Nicola Georgina Bergh Town Thesis presented for theCape Degree of DOCTOR OF ofPHILOSOPHY in the Department of Botany UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN University May 2009 Town Cape of University ii ABSTRACT The Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) houses a flora unique for its diversity and high endemicity. A large amount of the diversity is housed in just a few lineages, presumed to have radiated in the region. For many of these lineages there is no robust phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships, and few Cape plants have been examined for the spatial distribution of their population genetic variation. Such studies are especially relevant for the Cape where high rates of species diversification and the ongoing maintenance of species proliferation is hypothesised. Subtribe Relhaniinae of the daisy tribe Gnaphalieae is one such little-studied lineage. The taxonomic circumscription of this subtribe, the biogeography of its early diversification and its relationships to other members of the Gnaphalieae are elucidated by means of a dated phylogenetic hypothesis. Molecular DNA sequence data from both chloroplast and nuclear genomes are used to reconstruct evolutionary history using parsimony and Bayesian tools for phylogeny estimation.