DOCSLIB.ORG

Cryptic Host-Associated and Frequency-Dependent Patterns of Host Species Selection of a Candidate Weed Biological Control Agent in Its Native Range

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cryptic Host-Associated and Frequency-Dependent Patterns of Host Species Selection of a Candidate Weed Biological Control Agent in Its Native Range CRYPTIC HOST-ASSOCIATED AND FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT PATTERNS OF HOST SPECIES SELECTION OF A CANDIDATE WEED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT IN ITS NATIVE RANGE by CHANDRA ELAINE MOFFAT B.SC., THE UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA, 2009 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (BIOLOGY) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (OKANAGAN) AUGUST 2012 © CHANDRA ELAINE MOFFAT, 2012 ABSTRACT At least nine species of European hawkweeds in the genus Pilosella Vaill. (Asteraceae) are invasive in western North America, where they are a detriment to natural and managed lands and have vast economic impacts. A promising candidate biological control (biocontrol) agent for multiple species of Pilosella is the gall inducing wasp Aulacidea pilosellae Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Initial studies of this candidate agent revealed the potential for two biotypes of the insect that differed in physiological host range, voltinism, and reproductive mode. It was hypothesized that these differences were related to geographic separation of the populations and it was further observed, within one subset of the distribution, that different host species were being used at nearby sites, despite similar host species being present. The overarching goal of this thesis was to increase the understanding of the patterns of host species use by A. pilosellae in order to inform the biocontrol programme for invasive Pilosella hawkweeds. The specific objectives were to (i) test the hypothesis that A. pilosellae has definitive preferences for species of Pilosella within its ecological host range, (ii) further quantify the ecological host range of A. pilosellae by conducting systematic surveys across a broad geographic distribution, and (iii) test the hypothesis that differences between the purported biotypes were due to cryptic genetic differentiation, predicted to be based primarily on geographic location of populations and secondly on host-association. By utilizing an integrative approach of thorough and widespread field surveys and molecular methodologies, this thesis presents findings that substantially increase the understanding of patterns of host species use by A. pilosellae in its native range. Specifically, (i) the hypothesis of host preferences of A. pilosellae is rejected in favor of frequency-dependent host species selection, (ii) five species of Pilosella invasive in North America are confirmed as hosts of A. pilosellae in its native range and (iii) the hypothesis that cryptic genetic differentiation exists within the species A. pilosellae was supported. However, the prediction that differentiation was based primarily on geographic separation was rejected in favor of differentiation based on a combination of disjunct host- associations, infection with the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia, and to a lesser extent, on geography. ii PREFACE With guidance from my co-supervisors Jason Pither and Bob Lalonde, my committee members Rose De Clerck-Floate and John Klironomos, and collaborator Gitta Grosskopf-Lachat, I was responsible for the design, implementation and analysis of the research presented in Chapter 2: Quantifying patterns of host plant species use by Aulacidea pilosellae, a candidate weed biological control agent for Pilosella hawkweeds, in its native range. I was assisted in this aspect of the work by field assistants Dave Ensing and Jeff Padgham. With guidance from my co-supervisors Jason Pither and Bob Lalonde, my committee members Rose De Clerck-Floate and John Klironomos, and collaborator Kevin Floate, I was responsible for the design and analysis of the research presented in Chapter 3: Cryptic diversity of a candidate weed biocontrol agent – Due to geography, host-association or Wolbachia infection? The implementation of the molecular work (DNA extraction and PCR amplification) was primarily conducted in the lab of Kevin Floate by technician Paul Coghlin, although I performed initial DNA extractions. Paul Coghlin also sent the PCR product for sequencing, performed the initial BLASTn which revealed the CO1 sequence JN288739, and provided the raw sequence data to me, which I analyzed with advice from and modified analysis code obtained from Michael Russello. I was responsible for the writing of this thesis in its entirety, with helpful suggestions and editing that improved the thesis from my co-supervisors. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. ii PREFACE .................................................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... x DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 Biological control of invasive plant species................................................................... 1 Application of molecular methods to weed biological control ...................................... 6 Wolbachia infection and potential impacts on its hosts ................................................. 8 STUDY SYSTEM ............................................................................................................... 12 Invasive hawkweeds..................................................................................................... 12 History of the hawkweed biological control program.................................................. 13 Aulacidea pilosellae, a candidate biological control agent for invasive Pilosella ....... 14 RESEARCH AIMS............................................................................................................. 16 CHAPTER 2: QUANTIFYING PATTERNS OF HOST PLANT SPECIES USE BY AULACIDEA PILOSELLAE, A CANDIDATE WEED BIOCONTROL AGENT FOR PILOSELLA HAWKWEEDS, IN ITS NATIVE RANGE .......... 19 SYNOPSIS ........................................................................................................................... 19 METHODS .......................................................................................................................... 21 Study area ...................................................................................................................... 21 Sampling period ........................................................................................................... 21 Site selection and characteristics .................................................................................. 22 Estimation of Pilosella host plant availability ............................................................. 22 Estimation of Pilosella host plant use by Aulacidea pilosellae ................................... 24 Analysis of host preference .......................................................................................... 25 Geographic distribution of Pilosella host species ........................................................ 25 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................ 25 Distribution of Pilosella species availability ............................................................... 25 Patterns of Pilosella species use by Aulacidea pilosellae ............................................ 26 Analysis of host preference .......................................................................................... 27 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................... 28 Host preference of Aulacidea pilosellae ...................................................................... 28 The ecological host range of Aulacidea pilosellae ...................................................... 30 Summary and future directions .................................................................................... 32 iv CHAPTER 3: CRYPTIC DIVERSITY OF A CANDIDATE WEED BIOCONTROL AGENT – DUE TO GEOGRAPHY, HOST-ASSOCIATION OR WOLBACHIA INFECTION? .............................................................................. 42 SYNOPSIS ........................................................................................................................... 42 METHODS .......................................................................................................................... 44 Specimen collection ..................................................................................................... 44 DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing ........................................................... 45 Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses .......................................................... 46 RESULTS ...........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Vascular Plants Endemic to Britain, Ireland and the Channel Islands 2020
    British & Irish Botany 2(3): 169-189, 2020 List of vascular plants endemic to Britain, Ireland and the Channel Islands 2020 Timothy C.G. Rich Cardiff, U.K. Corresponding author: Tim Rich: [email protected] This pdf constitutes the Version of Record published on 31st August 2020 Abstract A list of 804 plants endemic to Britain, Ireland and the Channel Islands is broken down by country. There are 659 taxa endemic to Britain, 20 to Ireland and three to the Channel Islands. There are 25 endemic sexual species and 26 sexual subspecies, the remainder are mostly critical apomictic taxa. Fifteen endemics (2%) are certainly or probably extinct in the wild. Keywords: England; Northern Ireland; Republic of Ireland; Scotland; Wales. Introduction This note provides a list of vascular plants endemic to Britain, Ireland and the Channel Islands, updating the lists in Rich et al. (1999), Dines (2008), Stroh et al. (2014) and Wyse Jackson et al. (2016). The list includes endemics of subspecific rank or above, but excludes infraspecific taxa of lower rank and hybrids (for the latter, see Stace et al., 2015). There are, of course, different taxonomic views on some of the taxa included. Nomenclature, taxonomic rank and endemic status follows Stace (2019), except for Hieracium (Sell & Murrell, 2006; McCosh & Rich, 2018), Ranunculus auricomus group (A. C. Leslie in Sell & Murrell, 2018), Rubus (Edees & Newton, 1988; Newton & Randall, 2004; Kurtto & Weber, 2009; Kurtto et al. 2010, and recent papers), Taraxacum (Dudman & Richards, 1997; Kirschner & Štepànek, 1998 and recent papers) and Ulmus (Sell & Murrell, 2018). Ulmus is included with some reservations, as many taxa are largely vegetative clones which may occasionally reproduce sexually and hence may not merit species status (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
    Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017, Jones Road, Near Blackhawk, RAIN (Photo: Michael Dawber)
    Edited and Compiled by Rick Cavasin and Jessica E. Linton Toronto Entomologists’ Association Occasional Publication # 48-2018 European Skippers mudpuddling, July 6, 2017, Jones Road, near Blackhawk, RAIN (Photo: Michael Dawber) Dusted Skipper, April 20, 2017, Ipperwash Beach, LAMB American Snout, August 6, 2017, (Photo: Bob Yukich) Dunes Beach, PRIN (Photo: David Kaposi) ISBN: 978-0-921631-53-7 Ontario Lepidoptera 2017 Edited and Compiled by Rick Cavasin and Jessica E. Linton April 2018 Published by the Toronto Entomologists’ Association Toronto, Ontario Production by Jessica Linton TORONTO ENTOMOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION Board of Directors: (TEA) Antonia Guidotti: R.O.M. Representative Programs Coordinator The TEA is a non-profit educational and scientific Carolyn King: O.N. Representative organization formed to promote interest in insects, to Publicity Coordinator encourage cooperation among amateur and professional Steve LaForest: Field Trips Coordinator entomologists, to educate and inform non-entomologists about insects, entomology and related fields, to aid in the ONTARIO LEPIDOPTERA preservation of insects and their habitats and to issue Published annually by the Toronto Entomologists’ publications in support of these objectives. Association. The TEA is a registered charity (#1069095-21); all Ontario Lepidoptera 2017 donations are tax creditable. Publication date: April 2018 ISBN: 978-0-921631-53-7 Membership Information: Copyright © TEA for Authors All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be Annual dues: reproduced or used without written permission. Individual-$30 Student-free (Association finances permitting – Information on submitting records, notes and articles to beyond that, a charge of $20 will apply) Ontario Lepidoptera can be obtained by contacting: Family-$35 Jessica E.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny and Evolutionary Trends in Hieracium (Asteraceae, Lactuceae)
    Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science Department of Botany Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary trends in Hieracium (Asteraceae, Lactuceae) Molekulární fylogeneze a evoluční trendy v rodě Hieracium (Asteraceae, Lactuceae) Karol Krak Ph.D. thesis Prague, May 2012 Supervised by: Dr. Judith Fehrer Content Declaration.........................................................................................................1 Acknowledgements............................................................................................2 Sumary...............................................................................................................3 Introduction.........................................................................................................4 Aims of the thesis.............................................................................................14 References.......................................................................................................15 Papers included in the thesis 1. Intra-individual polymorphism in diploid and apomictic polyploid.................22 hawkweeds (Hieracium, Lactuceae, Asteraceae): disentangling phylogenetic signal, reticulation, and noise. Fehrer J., Krak K., Chrtek J. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2009) 9: 239 2. Genome size in Hieracium subgenus Hieracium (Asteraceae) is...............45 strongly correlated with major phylogenetic groups. Chrtek J., Zahradníček J., Krak K., Fehrer J. Annals of Botany (2009) 104: 161–178 3. Development of novel low-copy nuclear markers
    [Show full text]
  • Asteraceae) from Central and Southeastern Europe
    ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 53/1: 102–110, 2011 DOI: 10.2478/v10182-011-0014-3 CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN HIERACIUM AND PILOSELLA (ASTERACEAE) FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE TOMASZ ILNICKI1* AND ZBIGNIEW SZELĄG2** 1Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Grodzka 52, 31-044 Cracow, Poland, 2Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 31, 31-501 Cracow, Poland Received March 20, 2011; revision accepted April 29, 2011 Chromosome numbers of 46 Hieracium L. and Pilosella Vaill. taxa from Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia are presented. Chromosomes numbers are given for the first time for Hieracium amphigenum Briq. 2n = 3x = 27, H. bohatschianum Zahn 2n = 4x = 36, H. borbasii R. Uechtr. 2n = 4x = 36, H. cernuum Friv. 2n = 2x = 18, H. hazslinszkyi Pax 2n = 3x = 27, H. mirekii Szeląg 2n = 4x = 36, H. polyphyllobasis (Nyár. & Zahn) Szeląg 2n = 3x = 27, H. porphyriticum A. Kern. 2n = 4x = 36, H. racemosum Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. subsp. racemosum 2n = 3x = 27, H. scardicum Borm. & Zahn 2n = 4x = 36, H. sparsum subsp. ipekanum Rech. fil. & Zahn 2n = 4x = 36, H. sparsum subsp. peristeriense Behr & Zahn, H. sparsum subsp. squarrosobracchiatum Behr & al. 2n = 3x = 27, H. tomosense Simk. 2n = 4x = 36, H. tubulare Nyár. 2n = 4x = 36, H. werneri Szeląg 2n = 3x = 27 and Pilosella fusca subsp. subpe- dunculata (Zahn) Szeląg, as well as five species of Hieracium sect. Cernua R. Uechtr. not described to date and a hybrid between H. bifidum s. lat. and H. pojoritense Woł. Key words: Asteraceae, chromosome numbers, Europe, Hieracium, karyotypes, Pilosella. INTRODUCTION In the genus Pilosella, determining the mode of reproduction on the basis of ploidy level is more com- Hieracium L.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting ANPC's Rare Plants Book
    Iris No. 69 • January 2013 The Alberta Native Plant Council Newsletter Revisiting ANPC’s Rare Plants Book by Linda Kershaw of Alberta, you will see that each Line drawing – Illustrations came consists of five main components: from a variety of sources, including an a block of text (name, description, ANHIC collection of commissioned and notes); a photo; a line drawing; drawings and a variety of previously an Alberta distribution map; a North published works (most notably the America distribution map. five-volume Flora of the Pacific Northwest published by the University of Text – Although the four editors Washington Press). The ANPC even compiled, organized, and edited the commissioned some original drawings information, there were also more to fill the last remaining gaps. than 30 additional Alberta botanists who contributed species accounts Alberta distribution map – The and other text (you can see their detailed Alberta dot maps were smiling faces on page 483 of the provided by ANHIC during the last book). Alberta Environment staff days of production. These were (first through the Recreation and generated electronically using the Protected Areas Program and later ANHIC/ACIMS (Alberta Conservation through the Alberta Natural Heritage Information Management System) Information Centre [ANHIC]) was database. key to the project, from generating When Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta the initial species list to sorting out North America distribution map was finally published in 2001, it was taxonomic problems and providing a – The Biota of North America the culmination of 10 years of work wide range of information. Also, several Program (BONAP) at the University of involving many dedicated volunteers.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribu Cardueae Hurrell, Julio Alberto Plantas Cultivadas De La Argent
    FamiliaFamilia Asteraceae Asteraceae - - Tribu Tribu Cichorieae Cardueae Hurrell, Julio Alberto Plantas cultivadas de la Argentina : asteráceas-compuestas / Julio Alberto Hurrell ; Néstor D. Bayón ; Gustavo Delucchi. - 1a ed. - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires : Hemisferio Sur, 2017. 576 p. ; 24 x 17 cm. ISBN 978-950-504-634-8 1. Cultivo. 2. Plantas. I. Bayón, Néstor D. II. Delucchi, Gustavo III. Título CDD 580 © Editorial Hemisferio Sur S.A. 1a. edición, 2017 Pasteur 743, C1028AAO - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Telefax: (54-11) 4952-8454 e-mail: [email protected] http//www.hemisferiosur.com.ar Reservados todos los derechos de la presente edición para todos los países. Este libro no se podrá reproducir total o parcialmente por ningún método gráfico, electrónico, mecánico o cualquier otro, incluyendo los sistemas de fotocopia y fotoduplicación, registro magnetofónico o de alimentación de datos, sin expreso consentimiento de la Editorial. Hecho el depósito que prevé la ley 11.723 IMPRESO EN LA ARGENTINA PRINTED IN ARGENTINA ISBN 978-950-504-634-8 Fotografías de tapa (Pericallis hybrida) y contratapa (Cosmos bipinnatus) por Daniel H. Bazzano. Esta edición se terminó de imprimir en Gráfica Laf S.R.L., Monteagudo 741, Villa Lynch, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires. Se utilizó para su interior papel ilustración de 115 gramos; para sus tapas, papel ilustración de 300 gramos. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina Septiembre de 2017. 192 Plantas cultivadas de la Argentina Plantas cultivadas de la Argentina Asteráceas (= Compuestas) Julio A. Hurrell Néstor D. Bayón Gustavo Delucchi Editores Editorial Hemisferio Sur Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 2017 193 FamiliaFamilia Asteraceae Asteraceae - - Tribu Tribu Cichorieae Cardueae Autores María B.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibit List
    EXHIBIT LIST Reference No: HOL/00521 Petitioner: Ms Sarah Green on behalf of Arthur Daily Trips (Canal Boat Company) Published to Collaboration Area: Wednesday 23-Nov-2016 Page 1 of 163 No Exhibit Name Page 1 A728 Exhibits List.pdf (A728) 3 2 A729 Exhibit 1 route map google.pdf (A729) 4 3 A730 Exhibit 2 water environment water courses.pdf (A730) 5 4 A731 Exhibit 3 cultural heritage.pdf (A731) 6 - 7 5 A732 Exhibit 4 metropolitan Open Land.pdf (A732) 8 - 9 6 A733 Exhibit 5 dragonflies.pdf (A733) 10 - 15 7 A734 Exhibit 6 quality of water.pdf (A734) 16 8 A735 Exhibit 7 Customer activities.pdf (A735) 17 9 A736 Exhibit 8 pylons.pdf (A736) 18 - 24 10 A737 Exhibit 9 Species-List.pdf (A737) 25 - 84 11 A738 Exhibit 10 magic maps.pdf (A738) 85 - 86 12 A739 Exhibit 11 Leisure and tourism Destination.pdf (A739) 87 13 A740 Exhibit 12 continuity through time.pdf (A740) 88 - 91 14 A741 Exhibit 13 The Plans for Denham Country Park.pdf (A741) 92 - 93 15 A742 Exhibit 14 Enabling Works.pdf (A742) 94 - 95 16 A743 Exhibit 15 Water Framework Directive.pdf (A743) 96 - 97 17 A744 Exhibit 16 Ecological_baseline_data_Mammals.pdf (A744) 98 - 108 18 A745 Exhibit 17 Wetlands_Programmes of measures_170907.pdf (A745) 109 - 117 19 A746 Exhibit 18 Guidance_protection animal species.pdf (A746) 118 - 136 20 A747 Exhibit 19 ODPM Circular 06_2005.pdf (A747) 137 - 151 HOL/00521/0001 EXHIBIT LIST Reference No: HOL/00521 Petitioner: Ms Sarah Green on behalf of Arthur Daily Trips (Canal Boat Company) Published to Collaboration Area: Wednesday 23-Nov-2016 Page 2 of 163 No Exhibit
    [Show full text]
  • Field Release of the Hoverfly Cheilosia Urbana (Diptera: Syrphidae)
    USDA iiillllllllll United States Department of Field release of the hoverfly Agriculture Cheilosia urbana (Diptera: Marketing and Regulatory Syrphidae) for biological Programs control of invasive Pilosella species hawkweeds (Asteraceae) in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, July 2019 Field release of the hoverfly Cheilosia urbana (Diptera: Syrphidae) for biological control of invasive Pilosella species hawkweeds (Asteraceae) in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, July 2019 Agency Contact: Colin D. Stewart, Assistant Director Pests, Pathogens, and Biocontrol Permits Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Rd., Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737 Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) To File an Employment Complaint If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency's EEO Counselor (PDF) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or in the case of a personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_file.html. To File a Program Complaint If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)
    Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.E. Schranz Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Dr N. Kilian, Free University of Berlin, Germany Dr R. van Treuren, Wageningen University Dr M.J.W. Jeuken, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 January 2016 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Zhen Wei Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) - from phylogeny to molecular breeding, 210 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2016) With references, with summary in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-614-8 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Phylogenetic relationships within Lactuca L. (Asteraceae), including African species, based on chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons* 31 Chapter 3 Phylogenetic analysis of Lactuca L. and closely related genera (Asteraceae), using complete chloroplast genomes and nuclear rDNA sequences 99 Chapter 4 A mixed model QTL analysis for salt tolerance in
    [Show full text]