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Total Maximum Daily Loads for the West Fork River Watershed, West Virginia

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Total Maximum Daily Loads for the West Fork River Watershed, West Virginia Total Maximum Daily Loads for the West Fork River Watershed, West Virginia USEPA Approved July 2014 On the cover: Photos provided by WVDEP Division of Water and Waste Management West Fork River Watershed: TMDL Report CONTENTS Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions................................................................................ iv Executive Summary................................................................................................................... viii 1.0 Report Format....................................................................................................................1 2.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................1 2.1 Total Maximum Daily Loads...................................................................................1 2.2 Water Quality Standards..........................................................................................4 3.0 Watershed Description and Data Inventory....................................................................5 3.1 Watershed Description.............................................................................................5 3.2 Data Inventory .........................................................................................................7 3.3 Impaired Waterbodies..............................................................................................9 4.0 Biological Impairment and Stressor Identification ......................................................18 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................19 4.2 Data Review...........................................................................................................19 4.3 Candidate Causes/Pathways...................................................................................20 4.4 Stressor Identification Results ...............................................................................22 5.0 Metals Source Assessment...............................................................................................24 5.1 Metals Point Sources..............................................................................................25 5.1.1 Mining Point Sources.................................................................................27 5.1.2 SMCRA Bond Forfeiture Sites ..................................................................28 5.1.3 Non-mining Point Sources.........................................................................28 5.1.4 Construction Stormwater Permits..............................................................29 5.1.5 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4).....................................31 5.2 Metals Nonpoint Sources.......................................................................................33 5.2.1 Abandoned Mine Lands.............................................................................33 5.2.2 Sediment Sources.......................................................................................35 6.0 pH Source Assessment.....................................................................................................38 7.0 Chloride Source Assessment...........................................................................................38 8.0 Fecal Coliform Source Assessment.................................................................................39 8.1 Fecal Coliform Point Sources ................................................................................39 8.1.1 Individual NPDES Permits ........................................................................39 8.1.2 Overflows...................................................................................................40 i West Fork River Watershed: TMDL Report 8.1.3 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4).....................................40 8.1.4 General Sewage Permits ............................................................................40 8.2 Fecal Coliform Nonpoint Sources .........................................................................41 8.2.1 On-site Treatment Systems........................................................................41 8.2.2 Urban/Residential Runoff ..........................................................................43 8.2.3 Agriculture .................................................................................................43 8.2.4 Natural Background (Wildlife)..................................................................43 9.0 Modeling Process .............................................................................................................44 9.1 Model Selection .....................................................................................................44 9.2 Model Setup...........................................................................................................45 9.2.1 General MDAS Configuration...................................................................45 9.2.2 Iron and Sediment Configuration...............................................................46 9.2.3 Aluminum and pH Configuration ..............................................................47 9.2.4 Chloride Configuration ..............................................................................48 9.2.5 Fecal Coliform Configuration....................................................................48 9.3 Hydrology Calibration ...........................................................................................49 9.4 Water Quality Calibration......................................................................................49 9.5 Modeling Technique for Biological Impacts with Sedimentation Stressors .........50 9.6 Allocation Strategy ................................................................................................51 9.6.1 TMDL Endpoints.......................................................................................51 9.6.2 Baseline Conditions and Source Loading Alternatives .............................52 9.7 TMDLs and Source Allocations ............................................................................55 9.7.1 Total Iron TMDLs......................................................................................55 9.7.2 Dissolved Aluminum and pH TMDLs.......................................................59 9.7.3 Fecal Coliform Bacteria TMDLs ...............................................................61 9.7.4 Chloride TMDLs........................................................................................65 9.7.5 Seasonal Variation .....................................................................................66 9.7.6 Critical Conditions.....................................................................................66 9.7.7 TMDL Presentation ...................................................................................66 10.0 TMDL Results ..................................................................................................................68 11.0 Future Growth .................................................................................................................87 11.1 Iron, Aluminum, and pH........................................................................................87 11.2 Fecal Coliform Bacteria.........................................................................................88 11.3 Chloride..................................................................................................................89 12.0 Public Participation .........................................................................................................89 12.1 Public Meetings .....................................................................................................89 12.2 Public Notice and Public Comment Period ...........................................................89 ii West Fork River Watershed: TMDL Report 12.3 Response Summary................................................................................................89 13.0 Reasonable Assurance .....................................................................................................94 13.1 NPDES Permitting.................................................................................................94 13.2 Watershed Management Framework Process........................................................95 13.3 Public Sewer Projects ............................................................................................96 13.4 AML Projects.........................................................................................................96 14.0 Monitoring Plan ...............................................................................................................97 14.1 NPDES Compliance...............................................................................................97 14.2 Nonpoint Source Project Monitoring.....................................................................97 14.3 TMDL Effectiveness Monitoring ..........................................................................98 15.0 References.........................................................................................................................99 TABLES Table 2-1. Applicable West Virginia water quality criteria.......................................................... 5 Table 3-1. Modified
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