DOCSLIB.ORG

Snow Melt and Its Effect on Flood Runoff of the Ohio River at Pittsburgh, Pa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Snow Melt and Its Effect on Flood Runoff of the Ohio River at Pittsburgh, Pa Snow Melt and Its Effect on Flood Runoff of the Ohio River at Pittsburgh, Pa. R. J. MACCONNELL U. S. Weather Bureau, Pittsburgh, Pa. URING THE 1944-45 winter season, a and 80 miles wide. (See FIG. 1.) The range D near record accumulation of snow was in elevation above mean sea level in the present in the Ohio River drainage Allegheny is from 750 to about 3,000 feet above Pittsburgh, Pa. Similar snow accu- mulations existed in the 1909-10 and 1935-36 seasons. However, there is a wide divergence in the maximum flood peaks reached in the Ohio River at Pittsburgh fol- lowing the melting of the snow cover during these 3 seasons; namely, 26.0 feet in 1910, 46.0 feet in 1936, and 33.4 feet in 1945. This paper is presented to show the part snow melt plays in floods in the Ohio Basin at and above Pittsburgh. Snow melt, as a factor of flood runoff, is generally of sec- ondary importance in this area. The snow normally begins to accumulate in December and continues until March. There are inter- mittent periods of freezing and thawing with a subsequent increase and depletion in the snow cover and runoff. PHYSICAL FACTORS The watershed above Pittsburgh is com- posed of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers which have drainage areas of 11,733 and 7,384 square miles, respectively. The Allegheny River extends from approximately latitude 40°30' to 42°30' and the Mononga- hela from 38°30' to 40°30'. The Allegheny Basin is 160 miles long and 130 miles wide. FIGURE 1. Drainage Basin of the Upper Ohio The Monongahela Basin is 139 miles long River Above Pittsburgh, Pa. FIGURE 2. Mass-Curves of Degree-Days Above 32 Degrees, 1944-45 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/24/21 03:22 PM UTC with an average of 1,600 feet. The Monon- tions of the Cheat, Youghiogheny, Kiskimi- gahela ranges from 750 to 4,800 feet with an netas and lower Allegheny, and finally the average elevation of about 1,700 feet. The higher elevations of the Monongahela and physiographic features of the basin have a upper Allegheny (FIG. 1). This usually marked effect on the distribution of the gives a progressive southwest to northeast snowfall and snow melt. depletion of the snow cover. The melting The orientation of the basin is an impor- usually causes rather high stages in the tant factor in the snow melt in that the upper reaches of the tributaries. As the seasonal progression of temperature is from crests move downstream they are so modified the upper to lower Monongahela, to the lower (unless the melting is accompanied by heavy Allegheny, then the upper Allegheny water- rains) that by the time the crests reach sheds. As shown in FIG. 2, the degree-day Pittsburgh, the stages are greatly reduced. accumulation (32° base) is greatest in the The daily variation of the temperatures is Monongahela (Elkins, W. Ya.) and decreases also effective in modifying snow melt runoff northward; also the accumulation is earlier (see FIG. 3), in that there are alternate at Elkins, W. Ya. The snow melt first occurs periods of freezing and thawing. The tem- on the West Fork River, then the lower eleva- peratures usually have a mean daily range FIGURE 3. Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures, 1944-45 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/24/21 03:22 PM UTC of from 10° to 30° over most of the basin, ANALYSIS OF 1944-45 SEASON but decreasing northward. If heavy rains The first heavy snowfall during the occur during periods of melting, the snow melt is a contributing factor to the flood 1944-45 season occurred on December 11 and runoff, otherwise a large part of the snow 12. This snow was general over the basin melt is evaporated into the air and ab- and averaged about 15 inches with an aver- sorbed by the soil. The ground condition age water content of 1.5 inches. Light to during the winter period also is a factor in moderate snow fell intermittently during the the character of the flood runoff. If the season and the total snowfall reached a ground is not frozen when the snow falls, record in most parts of the basin and varied the runoff is modified by percolation; how- from 32 inches in the lower Monongahela ever, if the ground is frozen prior to major to 132 inches in the headwaters of the snows, the runoff is thereby aggravated. Youghiogheny and Kiskiminetas. There FIGURE 4. Stage Hydrographs, 1944-45 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/24/21 03:22 PM UTC was a gradual increase in the density of the tribute to flood run-off. The second rise in snow until December 23 when warmer February occurred on the 23rd. This was weather set in causing a rise in the upper caused by moderate rain and snow melt from Monongahela River. The temperatures rose the Cheat, Youghiogheny, Kiskiminetas and an average of about 30 degrees over the lower Allegheny Rivers. All crests were Monongahela Basin with an average maxi- below flood stage. Maximum temperature mum of about 55 degrees. This was accom- during this period averaged about 40°. panied by moderate rain causing rises in The first flood of the season at Pittsburgh all the rivers, with the major runoff from occurred on February 27th with the Ohio the Kiskiminetas and Monongahela Basins. River reaching a crest of 27.7 feet, 2.7 feet Flood stages were reached on the West Fork above flood stage. At the beginning of this River, one of the principal tributaries of the flood, the snow had disappeared from most Monongahela River. As the flood moved of the Monongahela and lower Allegheny. downstream, these stages were modified and Snow melt was a minor factor in this flood no flood stages were reported below Clarks- as the snow depths were about the same burg, W. Ya. following the flood. The Ohio River crested The snow cover, by the end of December, above flood stage again on March 4th at had been depleted over the lower elevations 26.9 feet. This rise was primarily from rain- of the Monongahela but had increased over fall, as the only significant snow cover was the rest of the watershed. A snow survey on the upper Allegheny and the tempera- made on December 29 showed the water con- tures over this part of the basin remained tent to be from 2 to 3 inches. There was near freezing. The maximum flood of the a gradual increase in the snow cover at eleva- season occurred on March 7th with a crest tions above 1500 feet from January 10 until of 33.4 feet for the Ohio River at Pittsburgh. February 15. The maximum snow cover This was the twenty-second highest flood of occurred about February 1 and, from the record and the sixteenth highest in the past snow survey made at that time, the water 100 years. Snow melt was a factor, but content of snow mantle varied from 3 to 8 secondary. The snow cover remaining on inches over the Allegheny Basin, averaging the upper Allegheny did not melt until fol- about 4 inches, and varied from a trace to lowing the flood of the 7th. The upper 4 inches on the Monongahela, averaging Allegheny, above Warren, Pa., was above about 2 inches. flood stage at several places from March 18 Streamflow at Pittsburgh reached a mini- to 25. However, no flood stages were mum for the season on February 6th. After reached on the lower river. The highest this date there was a gradual increase in the stage at Pittsburgh during this period was runoff, the first significant rise occurring 24.1 feet on the 22nd. The maximum rise on February 17th. (See FIG. 4.) This rise for the season from snow melt alone would was the result of snow melt, owing to tem- probably have been under flood stage. peratures gradually increasing over the basin. The run-off from the 6th to 17th of COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SEASONS February was from melting snow and mod- erate precipitation, mostly from the Monon- The variation of floods at Pittsburgh dur- gahela and lower Allegheny Basins. A snow ing the seasons with heavy snow cover is survey made on February 17th showed that shown by comparing the stage hydrographs the snow cover had receded from the lower of 1910, 1936, and 1945. (See FIG. 5.) basin, no snow being reported below 1,000 Two floods occurred during the 1909-10 sea- feet. The snow cover on the upper Cheat son: Ohio River at Pittsburgh, Pa., reached Basin had a water content of about 2 inches; a crest of 26.0 feet on January 19 and 25.2 upper Youghiogheny and Kiskiminetas about feet on March 1. The precipitation for the 3 inches; Allegheny, above Parkers Landing, season was below normal. The maximum about 4 inches. About 40 per cent of the snow on the ground occurred on February basin was covered with snow that would con- 13, and varied from 8 to 48 inches. Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/24/21 03:22 PM UTC FIGURE 5. Stage Hydrographs, Ohio River at Pittsburgh, Pa. Four floods were recorded during the Three floods were observed during the 1935-36 season with crests of 29.2 feet on 1944-45 season with crests of 27.7 feet on February 28; 25.0 feet on March 13; 46.0 February 28; 26.9 feet on March 4 and feet on March 18, and 30.6 feet on March 33.4 feet on March 7.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Upper Mon River Trail
    Upper Monongahela River Water Trail Map and Guide Water trails are recreational waterways on a lake, river, or ocean between specific locations, containing access points and day-use and/or camping sites for the boating public. Water trails emphasize low-impact use and promote stewardship of the resources. Explore this unique West Virginia and Pennsylvania water trail. For your safety and enjoyment: Always wear a life jacket. Obtain proper instruction in boating skills. Know fishing and boating regulations. Be prepared for river hazards. Carry proper equipment. THE MONONGAHELA RIVER The Monongahela River, locally know as “the Mon,” forms at the confluence of the Tygart and West Fork Rivers in Fairmont West Virginia. It flows north 129 miles to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where it joins the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. The upper section, which is described in this brochure, extends 68 miles from Fairmont to Maxwell Lock and Dam in Pennsylvania. The Monongahela River formed some 20 million years ago. When pioneers first saw the Mon, there were many places where they could walk across it. The Native American named the river “Monongahela,” which is said to mean “river with crumbling or falling banks.” The Mon is a hard-working river. It moves a large amount of water, sediment, and freight. The average flow at Point Marion is 4,300 cubic feet per second. The elevation on the Upper Mon ranges from 891 feet in Fairmont to 763 feet in the Maxwell Pool. PLANNING A TRIP Trips on the Mon may be solitary and silent, or they may provide encounters with motor boats and water skiers or towboats moving barges of coal or limestone.
    [Show full text]
  • District 1 Fishing Guide
    TROUT STOCKING – Rivers and Streams Code No. Stockings ............Period Code No. Stockings ............Period Code No. Stockings ............Period Trout Stocking River or Stream: County SR = state Route Q One .................................... 1st week of March One ......................................................... February CR Varies .............................................................Varies Code: Area CR = county Route FR = USFS Road One ............................................................January BW M One each month ................February-May One every two weeks ...........March-May Tygart Lake (Tailwaters) Tygart Valley River: W Two ......................................................... February MJ One each month ..................January-April Taylor M-F: below Tygart Dam in Grafton City Park. One ............................................................January One each week ..........................March-May Y One ...................................................................April BA BW: Lower – from Wheeling Hospital upstream to I-470; X After April 1 or area is open to public One ............................................................... March F Once/week .....Columbus Day week & next week Wheeling Creek: Marshall and Ohio Middle – from Ohio County line upstream along CR 5 to 1 mile below Burches Run Lake; Upper – from Pennsylvania line 3 miles downstream along CR 15 and 15/1 to mouth of Wolf Run. Whiteday Creek: Marion and Monongalia BW: Lower – from 0.5 mile above CR 73 bridge upstream for 2 miles along CR 73/1; Trout Stocking Upper – from CR 79/12 bridge upstream 1 mile to 0.25 mile below the CR 33/7 bridge. River or Stream: County SR = state Route Code: Area CR = county Route FR = USFS Road BW: from Bruceton Mills upstream to Clifton Mills along CR 8; also at CR 4/2 State Line Bridge near Big Sandy Creek: Preston the Pennsylvania state line. W-F: from Davis upstream 4 miles along the Camp 70 Road; also a 3-mile section at the SR 32 Blackwater River: Tucker bridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Gazetteer of West Virginia
    Bulletin No. 233 Series F, Geography, 41 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIKECTOU A GAZETTEER OF WEST VIRGINIA I-IEISTRY G-AN3STETT WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1904 A» cl O a 3. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OP THE INTEKIOR, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Washington, D. C. , March 9, 190Jh SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith, for publication as a bulletin, a gazetteer of West Virginia! Very respectfully, HENRY GANNETT, Geogwvpher. Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Director United States Geological Survey. 3 A GAZETTEER OF WEST VIRGINIA. HENRY GANNETT. DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE. The State of West Virginia was cut off from Virginia during the civil war and was admitted to the Union on June 19, 1863. As orig­ inally constituted it consisted of 48 counties; subsequently, in 1866, it was enlarged by the addition -of two counties, Berkeley and Jeffer­ son, which were also detached from Virginia. The boundaries of the State are in the highest degree irregular. Starting at Potomac River at Harpers Ferry,' the line follows the south bank of the Potomac to the Fairfax Stone, which was set to mark the headwaters of the North Branch of Potomac River; from this stone the line runs due north to Mason and Dixon's line, i. e., the southern boundary of Pennsylvania; thence it follows this line west to the southwest corner of that State, in approximate latitude 39° 43i' and longitude 80° 31', and from that corner north along the western boundary of Pennsylvania until the line intersects Ohio River; from this point the boundary runs southwest down the Ohio, on the northwestern bank, to the mouth of Big Sandy River.
    [Show full text]
  • West Virginia News
    Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Northeast Region West Virginia News Western Maryland home school group on an overnight on the Cheat River PROJECTS AND PARTNERS 2014 Water Trail. Photo: Crede Calhoun Recent Successes Cheat River Water Trail opens! National Trails Day 2013 was a celebration on the water! On June 1, the Upper Cheat River Water Trail officially opened for public use with the release of its first map and guide. The water trail committee of Friends of the Cheat held a fun day-long ceremony in St. George West Virginia, on the banks of the “The NPS has been NPS Unit river at Blackwater Outdoor by our side every State Capital Adventures’ river outpost. Elected officials and guests step of the way, took turns paddling out on this flat section of the Cheat River providing support CURRENT PROJECTS using a variety of crafts from and direction, 1. Cacapon Valley Regional Conservation Priorities traditional canoes to stand-up from the initial Cacapon and Lost Rivers Land Trust paddleboards. 2. Dunkard Creek Water Trail The project, which began development Greene County Watershed Alliance in 2012, quickly progressed 3. Upper Cheat River Water Trail concept right with an active committee Friends of the Cheat that successfully obtained through opening 4. West Fork River Water Trail local donations totaling over Guardians of the West Fork River day.” $10,000. Two of the nine - Dave Cassell, Chairman, Cheat Find out more about each project starting on page 2. public access sites involved River Water Trail agreements acquired in cooperation with the West Virginia-Department of Natural Resources, using private properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Center for Excellence in Disabilities at West Virginia University, Robert C
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication was made possible by the support of the following organizations and individuals: Center for Excellence in Disabilities at West Virginia University, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center West Virginia Assistive Technology System (WVATS) West Virginia Division of Natural Resources West Virginia Division of Tourism Partnerships in Assistive Technologies, Inc. (PATHS) Special thanks to Stephen K. Hardesty and Brittany Valdez for their enthusiasm while working on this Guide. 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 3 • How to Use This Guide ......................................... 4 • ADA Sites .............................................................. 5 • Types of Fish ......................................................... 7 • Traveling in West Virginia ...................................... 15 COUNTY INDEX .......................................................... 19 ACTIVITY LISTS • Public Access Sites ............................................... 43 • Lakes ..................................................................... 53 • Trout Fishing ......................................................... 61 • River Float Trips .................................................... 69 SITE INDEX ................................................................. 75 SITE DESCRIPTIONS .................................................. 83 APPENDICES A. Recreation Organizations ......................................207 B. Trout Stocking Schedule .......................................209
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Name of Property 3. State/Federal Agency Certification
    NFS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10024-001^ (Oct. 1990) _ ' United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM 1. Name of Property historic name: JACKSON'S MILL STATE 4-H CAMP HISTORIC DISTRICT other name/site number: WVU JACKSON'S MILL CENTER FOR LIFELONG LEARNING 2. Location street & number: 160 Jackson Mill Road not for publication: N/A city/town: Weston vicinity: X state: West Virginia code: WV county: Lewis code: 041 ; zip code: 26452 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant __ nationally X statewide __locally. (__ See continilatfoii sheet.) 'Sigj*ature of Certifying Official Date State or Federal agency and bureau Date In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register criteria. (__ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature of Certifying Official/Title Date State or Federal agency and bureau Date Jackson's Mill State 4-H Camp Historic District Lewis County, WV Name of Property County and State 4. National Park Service Certification I,1, herebynerei certify that this property is: Date of Action V entered, in the National Register See continuation sheet.
    [Show full text]
  • Monongahela-River-Sweage-Treatment-Considerations
    IiiIII Monongahela River. Sewage -Treatment Considerat ions Recommendations, analysis and data for water conservation by pollution control OHIO RIVER VALLEY WATER SANITATION COMMISSION MONONGAHELA RIVER Sewage-Treatment Considerations Report prepared as a basis for Commission action regarding sewage-treatment require- ments for the maintenance of satisfactory quality conditions at interstate points. Contents Letter of transmittal . 2 Purpose and scope 4 Dilution water availability . 5 Acid conditions . 7 Oxygen conditions 9 Bacterial conditions 13 Conclusions and recommendations 17 Tables and illustrations . 19 OHIO IRIVHR VALILEY WATE R SANITATION COMMISSION 414 WALNUT STREET, CINCINNATI 2, OHIO RUSSELL E. TEAGUE, 1.1. D. EDWARD J. CLEARY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR January 10, i959 AND CHIEF LIIGINECH To the Chairman and Members of the Engineering Committee As directed by the Commission in its Resolution No. 18-57, dated October 1, 1957, an investigation has been made of the Monongahela River and recommendations developed with regard to interstate obligations for the treatment of sewage. The following report details the staff findings and conclusions. It is presented to the Engineering Committee for review and with the request that it be transmitted to the Commission along with recommendations of the committee. Briefly summarized, here are the highlights: The Monongahela River originates and flows through a part of the State of West Virginia and then crosses into the political jurisdiction of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. At Pittsburgh it joins with the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. The Monongahela contributes more than one-third the total annual flow of the Ohio River at Pittsburgh. Thus, the quality of the Monongahela profoundly in- fluences the quality of the Ohio River as it begins its interstate journey.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Environmental Assessment for Dam Modifications on the West Fork River Harrison County, West Virginia
    Final Environmental Assessment for Dam Modifications on the West Fork River Harrison County, West Virginia REPORT PREPARED BY: USDA NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE IN COOPERATION WITH U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE FOR THE: City of Clarksburg, WV - Clarksburg Water Board November 2010 November 2010 2 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR DAM MODIFICATIONS ON THE WEST FORK RIVER Harrison County, West Virginia West Virginia Second Congressional District Responsible Federal Agency: United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Local Sponsor: Clarksburg Water Board Cooperating Agency: US Fish and Wildlife Service Project Location: Harrison County, West Virginia For More Information: State Conservationist USDA – Natural Resources Conservation Service 75 High Street, Room 301 Morgantown, WV 26505 Phone: (304) 284-7540 Fax: (304) 284-4839 or Project Leader West Virginia Field Office U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 694 Beverly Pike Elkins, WV 26241 Phone: 304 636 6586 Fax: (304) 636 7824 Environmental Assessment Designation: FINAL Abstract: This Final Environmental Assessment describes the anticipated effects of removing three obsolete run- of-the-river water supply dams and modification of a fourth dam with an aquatic life passage structure in the West Fork River. This project proposes to restore, to the greatest extent possible, the aquatic and ecological integrity of at least forty miles of the West Fork River and many more miles of adjoining tributaries. This project has the potential to restore more suitable habitat for as many as twenty-five species of freshwater mussels including two federally listed species. Liability to the dam’s owners, the Clarksburg Water Board, will be substantially reduced with implementation of the recommended alternative.
    [Show full text]
  • Total Maximum Daily Loads for the West Fork River Watershed, West Virginia
    Total Maximum Daily Loads for the West Fork River Watershed, West Virginia USEPA Approved July 2014 On the cover: Photos provided by WVDEP Division of Water and Waste Management West Fork River Watershed: TMDL Report CONTENTS Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions................................................................................ iv Executive Summary................................................................................................................... viii 1.0 Report Format....................................................................................................................1 2.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................1 2.1 Total Maximum Daily Loads...................................................................................1 2.2 Water Quality Standards..........................................................................................4 3.0 Watershed Description and Data Inventory....................................................................5 3.1 Watershed Description.............................................................................................5 3.2 Data Inventory .........................................................................................................7 3.3 Impaired Waterbodies..............................................................................................9 4.0 Biological Impairment and Stressor Identification ......................................................18
    [Show full text]
  • Stonewall Jackson Hydropower Project
    20140102-5075 FERC PDF (Unofficial) 1/2/2014 11:03:54 AM Stonewall Jackson Hydropower Project Preliminary Application Document FERC No.: P - 13877 Mahoning Hydropower, LLC 11365 Normandy Lane Chagrin Falls, OH 44023 PAD Preparation Support by: December 2014 www.riparianstrategies.com 20140102-5075 FERC PDF (Unofficial) 1/2/2014 11:03:54 AM Stonewall Jackson Hydroelectric Project FERC No. P – 13877 Preliminary Application Document Stonewall Jackson Hydropower Project Preliminary Application Document FERC No.: P-13877 Contents Preliminary Application Document ........................................................................................................................... 1 FERC No.: P - 13877 .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Appendices ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction and Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 4 Purpose and Authority .............................................................................................................................. 4 Goals and Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 4 Document Organization ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Total Maximum Daily Loads for the Monongahela River, West Virginia
    Total Maximum Daily Loads for the Monongahela River, West Virginia Draft Report June 2018 On the cover: Photos provided by WVDEP Division of Water and Waste Management Monongahela River: TMDL Report CONTENTS Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions ................................................................................ iii Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................v 1.0 Report Format ....................................................................................................................1 2.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................1 2.1 Total Maximum Daily Loads ...................................................................................1 2.2 Water Quality Standards ..........................................................................................4 3.0 Watershed Description and Data Inventory....................................................................5 3.1 Watershed Description .............................................................................................5 3.2 Data Inventory .........................................................................................................7 3.3 Impaired Waterbodies ..............................................................................................9 4.0 Fecal Coliform Source Assessment.................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Resolution to Support Designation of West Fork River
    A RESOLUTION TO SUPPORT THE DESIGNATION OF THE WEST FORK RIVER WATER TRAIL SYSTEM Whereas, the West Fork River is a unique natural resource of great economic, aesthetic, social and physical value to the community; and 'IVhereas, sustainable development of resources held in the common trust of the people, including green-spaces such as parks and trails and waterways, is beneficial to the economic, social and physical health of the region and its constituents; and Whereas, access to valuable natural resources, such as the West Fork River, promotes tourism and draws visitors from outside of the region, to the benefit of local business and property values; and Whereas, a Water Trail is a route for boaters on a stretch of river, or other waterway, that has been mapped, and contains facilities that enable access, points of interest and informational resources; and Whereas, the intent of a Water Trail is to create educational, scenic, historical, or recreationally rewarding opportunities for canoeists and kayakers traveling on the waterway; and Whereas, the WV Recreational Trails Advisory Board has outlined a process for state designation of Water Trails; and Whereas, the US National Park Service has outlined a process for designation into the National Water Trail System; and Whereas, the West Fork River is already known state-wide as a unique and valuable waterway for recreational activity, and one of the top rivers for river recreation and fishing in the State of West Virginia; and Whereas, designation of official access points to the river
    [Show full text]