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Baikonur-International Space Station : International Approach to Lunar Exploration
ICEUM4, 10-15 July 2000, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands Baikonur-International Space Station : International Approach to Lunar Exploration Gulnara Omarova, National Aerospace Agency; Chinghis Omarov, ISU Summer Session '98 alumni On 20th November 1998 our aircraft made soft landing at the Baikonur airport. I was among onboard passengers - officials from Kazakhstan Space, press and diplomats. We all were invited to attend the launch of the International Space Station (ISS) first component (the Russian-made Zarya or Functional Cargo Module FGB) by Proton launch-vehicle at the Baikonur spaceport. Two hours before ISS first module launch we joined the official delegations from NASA, Russian Space Agency (RSA), ESA, Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and NASDA to see the modified facilities of both "Energiya" Corp. and Khrunichev's Proton assembly-and- test building. Mr. Yuri Koptev, Chief of RSA and Mr. Dan Goldin, NASA Administrator actively were drinking russian tea and talking about crucial issues of the International Space Station and the future of Space Exploration. In fact, Cold War is over and the world's top space powers accomplishments are stunning: • The first human flight in space in 1961; • Human space flight initiatives to ascertain if and how long a human could survive in space; • Project Gemini (flights during 1965-1966) to practice space operations, especially rendezvous and docking of spacecraft and extravehicular activity; • Project Apollo (flights during 1968-1972) to explore the Moon; • Space Shuttle's flights (1981 - present); • Satellite programs; • A permanently occupied space station "Mir" (during 1976-1999); • A permanently occupied International Space Station presently underway. We and a few people approached them to learn much more particulars of their talking and to ask them most interesting questions. -
액체로켓 메탄엔진 개발동향 및 시사점 Development Trends of Liquid
Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 119-143, 2021 119 Technical Paper DOI: https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2021.25.2.119 액체로켓 메탄엔진 개발동향 및 시사점 임병직 a, * ㆍ 김철웅 a⋅ 이금오 a ㆍ 이기주 a ㆍ 박재성 a ㆍ 안규복 b ㆍ 남궁혁준 c ㆍ 윤영빈 d Development Trends of Liquid Methane Rocket Engine and Implications Byoungjik Lim a, * ㆍ Cheulwoong Kim a⋅ Keum-Oh Lee a ㆍ Keejoo Lee a ㆍ Jaesung Park a ㆍ Kyubok Ahn b ㆍ Hyuck-Joon Namkoung c ㆍ Youngbin Yoon d a Future Launcher R&D Program Office, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Korea b School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Korea c Guided Munitions Team, Hyundai Rotem, Korea d Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Selecting liquid methane as fuel is a prevailing trend for recent rocket engine developments around the world, triggered by its affordability, reusability, storability for deep space exploration, and prospect for in-situ resource utilization. Given years of time required for acquiring a new rocket engine, a national-level R&D program to develop a methane engine is highly desirable at the earliest opportunity in order to catch up with this worldwide trend towards reusing launch vehicles for competitiveness and mission flexibility. In light of the monumental cost associated with development, fabrication, and testing of a booster stage engine, it is strategically a prudent choice to start with a low-thrust engine and build up space application cases. -
ESPA Ring Datasheet
PAYLOAD ADAPTERS | ESPA ESPA THE EVOLVED SECONDARY PAYLOAD ADAPTER ESPA mounts to the standard NSSL (formerly EELV) interface bolt pattern (Atlas V, Falcon 9, Delta IV, OmegA, Vulcan, Courtesy of Lockheed Martin New Glenn) and is a drop-in component in the launch stack. Small payloads mount to ESPA ports featuring either a Ø15-inch bolt circle with 24 fasteners or a 4-point mount with pads at each corner of a 15-inch square; both of these interfaces have become small satellite standards. ESPA is qualified to carry 567 lbs (257 kg), and a Heavy interface Courtesy of NASA (with Ø5/16” fastener hardware) has been introduced with a capacity of 991 lbs (450 kg). All small satellite mass capabilities require the center of gravity (CG) to be within 20 inches (50.8 cm) of the ESPA port surface. Alternative configurations can be accommodated. ESPA GRANDE ESPA Grande is a more capable version of ESPA with Ø24-inch ports; the ring height is typically 42 inches. The Ø24-inch port has been qualified by test to Courtesy of ORBCOMM & Sierra Nevada Corp. carry small satellites up to 1543 lb (700 kg). ESPA ESPA IS ADAPTABLE TO UNIQUE MISSION REQUIREMENTS • The Air Force’s STP-1 mission delivered multiple small satellites on an Atlas V. • NASA’s Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS): ESPA was the spacecraft hub for the LCROSS shepherding satellite in 2009. • ORBCOMM Generation 2 (OG2) launched stacks of two and three ESPA Grandes on two different Falcon 9 missions and in total deployed 17 satellites. -
Orbital Fueling Architectures Leveraging Commercial Launch Vehicles for More Affordable Human Exploration
ORBITAL FUELING ARCHITECTURES LEVERAGING COMMERCIAL LAUNCH VEHICLES FOR MORE AFFORDABLE HUMAN EXPLORATION by DANIEL J TIFFIN Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of: Master of Science Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2020 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis of DANIEL JOSEPH TIFFIN Candidate for the degree of Master of Science*. Committee Chair Paul Barnhart, PhD Committee Member Sunniva Collins, PhD Committee Member Yasuhiro Kamotani, PhD Date of Defense 21 November, 2019 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. 2 Table of Contents List of Tables................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures ................................................................................................................. 6 List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction and Background.................................................................................. 14 1.1 Human Exploration Campaigns ....................................................................... 21 1.1.1. Previous Mars Architectures ..................................................................... 21 1.1.2. Latest Mars Architecture ......................................................................... -
Askeri Lojistikte Uzay Çağı Başlıyor Mu?
Askeri Lojistikte Uzay Çağı Başlıyor mu? zay alanında 60 yıldan fazla zamandır süren insan faaliyetleri, dünyadaki yaşam kalitesini artıran toplumsal faydalar üretti. Uzay araştırmalarının zorlukları, yeni bilimsel ve teknolojik bilgileri ateşleyerek, inovasyonun temel kaynaklarından biri oldu. Uzay araştırmaları, malzeme, enerji üretimi Uve enerji depolama, geri dönüşüm ve atık yönetimi, gelişmiş robotik, tıp ve medikal teknolojiler, ulaşım, mühendislik, bilgi işlem ve yazılım gibi alanlarda dünyaya anında fayda sağladı ve sağlamaya devam edecek. Bu alanlardan biri de roket teknolojisi… Uzay ekonomisinin lokomotifi olan fırlatma sektöründe son yıllarda büyük bir değişim yaşanıyor. Yerden fırlatmalı katı yakıtlı roketlerin maliyetini azaltma arayışları, yeniden kullanılabilir fırlatıcı sistemlerinin geliştirilmesine kapı araladı. Özel uzay şirketlerinin geliştirdiği yeniden kullanılabilir roketler, uzay çalışmalarının maliyetlerini azaltıp daha fazla oyuncunun uzayın olanaklarından yararlanmasının önünü açıyor. Yakın gelecekte yeniden kullanılabilir roketler yeryüzünde de bir ulaşım aracı hâline gelebilir. Örneğin ABD Hava Kuvvetleri, bu roketleri çatışma alanlarına veya insani yardım ihtiyacı duyulan bölgelere lojistik destek sağlamakta kullanmak için harekete geçti. ABD Uzay Kuvvetleri ile birlikte yürütülen Roket Kargo (Rocket Cargo) projesi1, geleneksel askeri kargo uçakları ile saatler hatta günler alabilecek 30 ila 100 ton arasındaki sevkiyatları yeniden kullanılabilir roketlerle 90 dakika2 içinde Dünya’nın herhangi bir noktasına -
Downloads/NASA SBIR Amp STTR Program Homepage - Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers for Space Applications - 2013-10-31.Pdf 10
Humanity and Space Retrieval of Near Earth Asteroids and Mining Technology An Interactive Qualifying Project submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute In partial fulfillment of the requirement for Degree of Bachelor Science By Colin Cooper Project Advisor: Mayer Humi Abstract: The current cost to transport materials into space is approximated at $10,000 dollars per kilogram. Mass of payloads for human oriented space mission can be greatly decreased through obtaining resources in space. Water, being abundant on carbonaceous chondrite (C-type) asteroids, could provide radiation shielding, life support, and potential fuel. Resources could save NASA up to $10 billion annually for future manned missions, and be the starting point for a space highway. 2 Table of Contents: 1. Executive Summary. 4 2. Introduction . 5 3. Carbonaceous Chondrite Asteroids. 6 3.1 C-type Asteroids . 6 3.2 Fuel . 6 3.3 Hydrogen Fuel Cells . 10 3.4 Life Support . 10 3.5 Radiation Shielding . 11 4. Asteroid Candidates . 14 5. Mass Breakdown . 18 6. Launch Vehicle. 24 7. Orbital Mechanics . 25 8. Optical Mining. 28 9. Mechanical Design . 31 10. Final Considerations . 33 11. Conclusion . 37 12. Appendix . 39 13. References . … . 42 3 1. Executive Summary Humanity benefits from the advancement in technology made in the space industry. Technology created for use in space is often found to have applicable uses on Earth. More importantly, the ultimate goal of space exploration is the preservation of life on Earth. To do so, colonization is the only option. Asteroid mining technology will provide a necessary framework for future attempts at colonizing a planet. -
Orbital Debris: a Chronology
NASA/TP-1999-208856 January 1999 Orbital Debris: A Chronology David S. F. Portree Houston, Texas Joseph P. Loftus, Jr Lwldon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas David S. F. Portree is a freelance writer working in Houston_ Texas Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................ iv Preface ........................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... vii Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................ ix The Chronology ............................................................................................................. 1 1961 ......................................................................................................................... 4 1962 ......................................................................................................................... 5 963 ......................................................................................................................... 5 964 ......................................................................................................................... 6 965 ......................................................................................................................... 6 966 ........................................................................................................................ -
Reusable Stage Concepts Design Tool
DOI: 10.13009/EUCASS2019-421 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE FOR AERONAUTICS AND AEROSPACE SCIENCES (EUCASS) DOI: ADD DOINUMBER HERE Reusable stage concepts design tool Lars Pepermans?, Barry Zandbergeny ?Delft University of Technology Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft [email protected] yDelft University of Technology Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft Abstract Reusable launch vehicles hold the promise of substantially reducing the cost of access to space. Many different approaches towards realising a reusable rocket exist or are being proposed. This work focuses on the use of an optimisation method for conceptual design of non-winged reusable upper stages, thereby allowing it to take into account landing on land, sea or mid-air retrieval as well as landing the full stage or the engine only. As the optimisation criterion, the ratio of the specific launch cost of the reusable to the expendable version is used. The tool also provides for a Monte Carlo analysis, which allows for investigating the ruggedness of the design solution(s) found. The article will describe the methods implemented in the Conceptual Reusability Design Tool (CRDT) together with the modifications made to ParSim v3, a simulation tool by Delft Aerospace Rocket Engi- neering. Furthermore, it will present the steps taken to verify and validate CRDT. Finally, several example cases are presented based on the Atlas V-Centaur launch vehicle. The cases demonstrate the tools capa- bility of finding optimum and the sensitivity of the found optimum. However, it also shows the optimum when the user disables some Entry Descent and Landing (EDL) options. 1. Introduction To make space more accessible, one can reduce the cost of an orbital launch. -
Press Release
National Aeronautic Association FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Nicole Regele, 703-527-0226 June 18, 2003 [email protected] Dr. Eilene Galloway Wins Katharine Wright Award Arlington, VA – This year's winner of the National Aeronautic Association's Katharine Wright Memorial Award is Dr. Eilene M. Galloway, a woman who has played an influential role in the U.S. space program from its very first days. The Award is presented each year in partnership with The Ninety Nines, Inc., an international organization of female pilots, to highlight the important role of women in aviation and space flight. This year’s award will be presented to the recipient at the organization’s convention scheduled to convene this summer in Huntsville, Alabama. Following the orbiting of the Russian satellite Sputnik I in October 1957, Dr. Galloway was appointed by Senator Lyndon B. Johnson to assist with hearings on America's response to the Soviet challenge. She was picked for this task because of her work as Senior Specialist in International Relations for the Legislative Reference Division of the Library of Congress. In that job, she analyzed issues of national defense and foreign relations. As the United States moved quickly to compete in the new "Space Race," Dr. Galloway was appointed a Special Consultant to the Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences and helped write the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, which created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Dr. Galloway was largely responsible for crafting the section of the Act relating to international cooperation. In the 45 years since then, she has remained actively involved with issues of space policy and programs, and has served on two NASA committees. -
A Space Race to the Bottom Line
NEWSFOCUS Flush with new discoveries, NASA’s space and earth scientists now must figure out how to get by on $3 billion less than they expected—without triggering a civil war A Space Race To the Bottom Line SPACE SCIENCE IS GETTING PLENTY OF Out of business? headlines these days. A new spacecraft is on Griffin and other Administration officials dis- its way to Pluto, one just arrived at Mars, and miss the idea that a $5.3 billion request for another may have spotted water on Saturn’s research in 2007 represents a crisis for the field. moon Enceladus. But last week, two dozen “There is still a very large overall science budget, senior researchers met in a windowless just not as large as had been hoped,” says Washington, D.C., conference room to try to Griffin. “NASA’s science budget is almost as avert what some fear could turn into a civil war large as the entire [budget for the] National among earth and space science disciplines Science Foundation. I’m unable to see the level of scrambling for science’s decreasing share of damage here that those who are concerned about the space agency’s budget. it seem to see.” Indeed, the proposed 1% boost The go-go years of the past decade came to a crashing halt last month, when NASA’s 2007 budget request pulled more than $3 billion out of the long-term science plan (Science, 10 February, p. 762). NASA has since canceled two missions close to launch, deferred a handful for a year or two, and effectively killed a half-dozen others slated for orbit in the next decade. -
The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017
Federal Aviation Administration The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 January 2017 Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 i Contents About the FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA AST’s website: http://www.faa.gov/go/ast Cover art: Phil Smith, The Tauri Group (2017) Publication produced for FAA AST by The Tauri Group under contract. NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. ii Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 GENERAL CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 5 Launch Vehicles 9 Launch and Reentry Sites 21 Payloads 35 2016 Launch Events 39 2017 Annual Commercial Space Transportation Forecast 45 Space Transportation Law and Policy 83 Appendices 89 Orbital Launch Vehicle Fact Sheets 100 iii Contents DETAILED CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . -
Ed 359 032 Institution Report No Pub Date Note Available
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 359 032 SE 053 296 TITLE U.S. Space Program Benefits to Education. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Space of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Science, Space and Technology. REPORT NO ISBN-0-16-039020-6 PUB DATE 10 Jun 92 NOTE 139p. AVAILABLE FROMU.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Demonstration Programs; *Educational Benefits; Educational Quality; Elementary Secondary Education; Federal Government; Program Evaluation; Research Assistants; *Science Education; Science Instruction; *Science Programs; *Space Sciences IDENTIFIERS *National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Summer High School Apprentice Research Program; *United States Space Program ABSTRACT This hearing was held to review the educational benefits of the U.S. Space Program. Testimony was given by three panels of experts related to this topic. The three panels consisted of: (1) Daniel S. Goldin, Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Dan Brandenstein, Captain, U.S. Navy, NASA Astronaut; and Damon Butler, Student, Summer High School Apprentice Research Program, Oxon Hill High School, Maryland; (2) Wendell G. Mohling, President, National Science Teachers Association; Relzie M. Payton, President, Tennessee Education Association; and Nancy R. McIntyre, Director, Educational Center fpr Earth Observation Systems, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania; and (3) Eva Rousseau, Principal, Dunbar Senior High School, Washington, D.C., and two of her students, John Haskins, Jr., and Nadir Al-Salam.