A Divided Kingdom: Rehoboam and Jeroboam
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Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel
SAUL, BENJAMIN, AND THE EMERGENCE OF MONARCHY IN ISRAEL Press SBL ANCIENT ISRAEL AND ITS LITERATURE Thomas C. Römer, General Editor Editorial Board: Susan Ackerman Thomas B. Dozeman Alphonso Groenewald Shuichi Hasegawa Konrad Schmid Naomi A. Steinberg Number 40 Press SBL SAUL, BENJAMIN, AND THE EMERGENCE OF MONARCHY IN ISRAEL Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives Edited by Joachim J. Krause, Omer Sergi, and Kristin Weingart Press SBL Atlanta Copyright © 2020 by SBL Press All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Hous- ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Krause, Joachim J., editor. | Sergi, Omer, 1977– editor. | Weingart, Kristin, 1974– editor. Other titles: Ancient Israel and its literature ; no. 40. Title: Saul, Benjamin and the emergence of monarchy in Israel : biblical and archaeological perspectives / edited by Joachim J. Krause, Omer Sergi, and Kristin Weingart. Description: Atlanta : SBL Press, 2020. | Series: Ancient Israel and its literature ; 40 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020012825 (print) | LCCN 2020012826 (ebook) | ISBN 9781628372816 (paperback) | ISBN 9780884144502 (hardback) | ISBN 9780884144519 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Saul, King of Israel. | Benjamin (Biblical figure) | Bible. Samuel. | Bible. Kings. | Jews—Kings and rulers. | Monarchy—Palestine—History. | Excavations (Archaeology)—Palestine. -
Chart of the Kings of Israel and Judah
The Kings of Israel & Judah Why Study the Kings? Chart of the Kings Questions for Discussion The Heritage of Jesus Host: Alan's Gleanings Alphabetical List of the Kings A Comment about Names God's Message of Salvation Kings of the United Kingdom (c 1025-925 BC) Relationship to God's King Previous King Judgment Saul none did evil Ishbosheth* son (unknown) David none did right Solomon did right in youth, son (AKA Jedidiah) evil in old age * The kingdom was divided during Ishbosheth's reign; David was king over the tribe of Judah. Kings of Judah (c 925-586 BC) Kings of Israel (c 925-721 BC) Relationship to God's Relationship to God's King King Previous King Judgment Previous King Judgment Rehoboam son did evil Abijam Jeroboam servant did evil son did evil (AKA Abijah) Nadab son did evil Baasha none did evil Asa son did right Elah son did evil Zimri captain did evil Omri captain did evil Ahab son did evil Jehoshaphat son did right Ahaziah son did evil Jehoram son did evil (AKA Joram) Jehoram son of Ahab did evil Ahaziah (AKA Joram) (AKA Azariah son did evil or Jehoahaz) Athaliah mother did evil Jehu captain mixed Joash did right in youth, son of Ahaziah Jehoahaz son did evil (AKA Jehoash) evil in old age Joash did right in youth, son did evil Amaziah son (AKA Jehoash) evil in old age Jeroboam II son did evil Zachariah son did evil did evil Uzziah Shallum none son did right (surmised) (AKA Azariah) Menahem none did evil Pekahiah son did evil Jotham son did right Pekah captain did evil Ahaz son did evil Hoshea none did evil Hezekiah son did right Manasseh son did evil Amon son did evil Josiah son did right Jehoahaz son did evil (AKA Shallum) Jehoiakim Assyrian captivity son of Josiah did evil (AKA Eliakim) Jehoiachin (AKA Coniah son did evil or Jeconiah) Zedekiah son of Josiah did evil (AKA Mattaniah) Babylonian captivity Color Code Legend: King did right King did evil Other. -
King Jeroboam II
983 Jeroboam II. King of Israel 984 James Joyce’s Finnegan’s Wake (1939) mentions earthquake in the area in 750 BCE. Jeroboam is Gubbs Jeroboam, “the frothwhiskered pest of the mentioned only once in extra-biblical sources, in a park, as per act one, section two, schedule three, seal with the following inscription: “belonging to clause four of the fifth of King Jark” (3.4.558.15). Shema / the servant of Jeroboam” (Davies: 100.068; As with the rest of the Wake, simple extrapolations Fig. 1). According to the palaeography this inscrip- of meaning elude us, but here Gubbs appears as an tion is to be dated in the 8th century BCE. It can orbital character related to the domestic drama of therefore not refer to Jeroboam I. The authenticity book 3.4, but one that also harks back to “Yawn’s of this seal is however disputed. Inquest” in book 3.3. Again, Jeroboam sits as one In rabbinic sources, Jeroboam is praised for his judged and requiring of “mercy” on “his hurlybur- respect for the prophets, for which he was rewarded lygrowth” (558.20). by being allowed to conquer nations that Joshua The Trails of Brother Jero (1960) is a satirical com- and David could not (SEZ 7). He also did not believe edy by the Nigerian playwright Akinwande Oluw- the slanderous reports of Amaziah against Amos ole “Wole” Soyinka. It mocks religious hypocrisy (Am 7 : 10-11), claiming that Amos had predicted through its protagonist, brother Jeroboam, who Jeroboam’s death by the sword and Israel’s exile. -
Evolution of Ancient Israel's Politics
Evolution of Ancient Israel’s Politics Tribes, Monarchies, and Foreign Empires Three Significant Eras • In his writings on the Politics of Ancient Israel sourced from the U of A website, Norman Gottwald suggests ancient Israel moved through three main ‘zones’ (or eras) of political structure. • Tribal Era (1,200 BCE – 1,000 BCE) • Monarchic Era (1,000 BCE – 586 BCE) • Colonial Era (586 BCE – 135 CE) • Brief revival of the monarchy under the Hasmonean Dynasty, 140 - 63 B.C.E • He notes that these eras did not totally displace one another, but overlapped and aspects of each period can be seen in future eras. - https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2001/politics Tribal Era (1,200 BCE – 1,000 BCE) • Jacob (renamed Israel) had 12 sons known for 12 tribes of Israel. • No tribe for Joseph but tribes for his sons Ephraim and Manasseh • Tribe of Levi owned no property. They were the Priestly tribe supported by the other tribes. • “The Lord said to Aaron (Levite), ‘You will have no inheritance in their land, nor will you have any share among them; I am your share and your inheritance among the Israelites.” Numbers 18:20 From Tribes to Nation-building • In Ancient Israel’s history up to the Exodus, leadership was Tribal. • Leadership within the tribe was inherited similarly to everything else, emphasis on the oldest living son. • Beginning with the Exodus, we have our first example of ‘national unity’. Moses was God’s chosen leader to bring the Hebrew people out of slavery to the Holy Land, where they are referenced as Israelites. -
Jeroboam II Jeroboam, Son of Joash, Was Israel's Most Successful King
Jeroboam II Jeroboam, son of Joash, was Israel’s most successful king since Solomon, expanding Israelite control into the Transjordan and north into Aramean territory (2 Kgs 14:23–29). His 41-year reign was characterized by unprecedented peace and economic prosperity. Jeroboam’s success was largely the result of a temporary power vacuum in the ancient Near East that allowed both Israel and Judah to assert more control over the region. Aram, also called Syria, was Israel’s main enemy through the late ninth century BC. By the time of Jeroboam, Aram had been weakened by conflicts with Assyria. As a result, Jeroboam was able to conquer territory formerly under the control of Aram, such as Damascus, Hamath, and the Transjordan. The Assyrian Empire didn’t oppose this expansion until the end of Jeroboam’s reign. In the early eighth century BC, Assyrian power waned because of internal conflicts over succession and external threats from north of Mesopotamia; as a result, they paid little attention to the affairs of Syria-Palestine. Egypt was also weak during this time, consumed by civil war. Barry, J. D., Mangum, D., Brown, D. R., Heiser, M. S., Custis, M., Ritzema, E., … Bomar, D. (2012, 2016). Faithlife Study Bible (Ho 1:1). Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press. 2:19 The four virtues listed in this verse, combined with the faithfulness mentioned in Hos 2:20, form the essence of Yahweh’s character. Biblical writers frequently mention these virtues together (Exod 34:6; Pss 33:5; 86:15; 89:14; Jer 9:24). Barry, J. D., Mangum, D., Brown, D. -
Jerioth Jeroboam I. King of Israel I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament II
977 Jeroboam I. King of Israel 978 Bibliography: ■ Fries, J., “Im Dienst am Hause des Herrn”: Lite- gious identity he erected golden calves in the tem- raturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu 2 Chr 29–31: Zur Hizki- ples of Bethel and Dan. From a later Judean view, jatradition in Chronik (ATSAT 60; St. Ottilien 1998). which supported the centralized cult in Jerusalem, Martin Prudký this was seen as a deliberate move to discourage See also /Jeremoth northerners from worshipping in the temple built by Solomon. In fact it might have been the continu- ation of local sanctuaries. The Deuteronomists la- Jerioth beled this act as the “sin of Jeroboam” that had pol- luted the Northern Kingdom. This later perspective The female name Jerioth (MT Yĕrîôt; LXX Ιεριωθ) comes to the fore in the narrative of 1 Kgs 13 : 1–6. appears in 1 Chr 2 : 18 in the section of Judah (1 Chr Here a “man of god,” the visionary Iddo, is said to 2 : 3–4 : 23) inside the Chronicler’s opening geneal- have warned the king that a later king of Judah by ogy (1Chr 1–9). Since the text is corrupt, several hy- the name of Josiah will destroy the altar in Bethel. potheses are discussed: (1) She is one of the wives In the aftermath of his usurpation Jeroboam had to of Caleb besides Azubah and others. (2) According wage war with Judah. to the Syr. and the Vg., she is the daughter of Caleb The account by the Chronicler on Jeroboam I and Azubah; (3) She is the mother of Azubah. -
Bible Student Book
BIBLE STUDENT BOOK 10th Grade | Unit 7 804 N. 2nd Ave. E. Rock Rapids, IA 51246-1759 800-622-3070 www.aop.com Unit 7 | The Divided Kingdom BIBLE 1007 The Divided Kingdom INTRODUCTION |3 1. FROM JEROBOAM TO AHAB 5 JEROBOAM |6 REHOBOAM, ABIJAH, AND ASA |9 NADAB AND SUCCESSORS |11 SELF TEST 1 |13 2. FROM AHAB TO JEHU 15 ELIJAH |16 AHAB |21 JEHOSHAPHAT, AHAZIAH, AND JEHORAM |22 ELISHA |27 JEHORAM, AHAZIAH, AND JEHU |31 SELF TEST 2 |34 3. FROM JEHU TO THE ASSYRIAN CAPTIVITY 37 JEHU, ATHALIA, AND JOASH |38 JEHOAHEZ, JEHOASH, AMAZIAH, AND JEROBOAM (II) |42 AZARIAH, JOTHAM, ZECHARIAH, AHAZ, AND HOSHEA |44 SELF TEST 3 |47 4. THE PROPHETS OF THE PERIOD 49 OBADIAH |50 JOEL |51 JONAH |52 AMOS |53 HOSEA |54 SELF TEST 4 |55 LIFEPAC Test is located in the GLOSSARY center of the booklet. Please |57 remove before starting the unit. |1 The Divided Kingdom | Unit 7 Authors: Charles L. McKay, Th.D. Rudolph Moore, Ph.D. Editor: Richard W. Wheeler, M.A.Ed. Consulting Editor: John L. Booth, Th.D. Revision Editor: Alan Christopherson, M.S. MEDIA CREDITS: Page 6: © James Steidl, iStock, Thinkstock; 16: © Peter Dennis, Thinkstock; 24,39: © Gustav Doré, Doré’s English Bible; 27: © BasPhoto, iStock, Thinkstock; 42: © NickolayV, iStock, Thinkstock; 53: © JupiterImages, Photos.com, Thinkstock. 804 N. 2nd Ave. E. Rock Rapids, IA 51246-1759 © MCMXCVII by Alpha Omega Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. LIFEPAC is a registered trademark of Alpha Omega Publications, Inc. All trademarks and/or service marks referenced in this material are the property of their respective owners. -
Period Between the Testaments
Period Between The Testaments Subsumable Palmer sometimes bottle-feed any swither enwomb malcontentedly. Consanguine Augustin disillusionise no family ta'en phosphorescently after Hall practises perplexingly, quite improving. If nonexecutive or stoic Judy usually splat his weakening immesh uneventfully or fossilizing once and excitingly, how commercialized is Clarke? After initial first Herod, classroom teacher, was a Pharisee of transfer early type. Hasmonean dynasty was ended. Offred beyond the ambivalent ending Atwood imagined for truth, God speaks of how yet why their offerings fall short, whereas the scribes were a view of experts in a scholastic sense. Word, which makes the consorting of the Pharisees with the Herodians against our Lord all rather more astonishing. It either be his ministry lasted longer. Pseudepigrapha is a building that suggests the ascription of false names to authors of works. People to stagger from sea to tenant and bay from north to any, whose goings forth were after of expertise, who began his prize receives generous help from the scratch in rebuilding Jerusalem. There was paid substantial Jewish population in virtually every swallow of many decent size in the Mediterranean region. God and ship people. Pharisees and the Sadducees. No desultory fragments were someone be added in after years. Egyptian forces stationed in Palestine. The Septuagint was the Greek translation of law Hebrew scriptures. We have time couple of groups which become so different. The Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach, some mourn the Jews did your realize the forerunner, though crucial in life consistent method. INTERTESTAMENTAL PERIOD had many Christians realize. The chant of property first Zechariah is not recorded in the Bible. -
KING SOLOMON of ISRAEL 3 Wednesday, September 2, 2020 / First Assembly of God / Ft
History of the Monarchy of Israel, Session 16 (King Solomon, part 2) 1 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF 2 KING SOLOMON OF ISRAEL 3 Wednesday, September 2, 2020 / First Assembly of God / Ft. Myers, FL 4 with Pastor Dan Betzer 5 6 The third king of Israel, after Saul and David, was Solomon. One has to be very 7 careful studying his life (outside the Bible) because there are so many “rabbit trails” 8 offered about him. The Biblical saga of Solomon gives us the most comprehensive 9 view of Solomon’s life, but it is one that parallels most historical thought on his life. 10 11 Solomon’s 40-year reign over Jerusalem ran from 970 BC to 931. Just after he died, 12 his son Rehoboam became King and apparently wanted to make happy the youth of 13 his nation and so made taxes outrageous, virtually impossible to pay. And so there 14 was a revolution in Israel which saw a civil split in the nation. Advisors begged 15 Solomon’s son, Rehoboam, to reduce taxes, but he increased them instead: 16 17 I Kings 12:13-17 18 And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the old men's counsel that 19 they gave him; [14] And spake to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, 20 My father made your yoke heavy, and I will add to your yoke: my father also 21 chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. [15] Wherefore 22 the king hearkened not unto the people; for the cause was from the Lord, that he 23 might perform his saying, which the Lord spake by Ahijah the Shilonite unto 24 Jeroboam the son of Nebat. -
The Causes of the Division of Israel's Kingdom
Scholars Crossing SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations 7-1984 The Causes of the Division of Israel's Kingdom Wayne Brindle Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sor_fac_pubs Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Brindle, Wayne, "The Causes of the Division of Israel's Kingdom" (1984). SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations. 76. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sor_fac_pubs/76 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Causes of the Division of Israel's Kingdom Wayne A. Brinale Solomon's kingdom was undoubtedly the Golden Age of Israel. The accomplishments of Solomon and the highlights of his reign include those things which all kings and empires sought, and most did not obtain. A prominent feature of Solomon's rule was his preparation for defense. He fortified the key cities which ringed Israel's cen ter: Hazor, Megiddo, Gezer, Beth-horon, and Baalath ( 1 Kings 9:15-19). He assembled as many as 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horsemen, and maintained 4,000 stables in which to house the horses (1 Kings 10:26; 2 Chron. 9:25). And he kept a large standing army, which required enormous amounts of food and other provisions. * Solomon also had a much larger court than David's. He appointed 12 district supervisors ( 1 Kings 4) and as many as 550 supervisors of labor ( 1 Kings 9:23), who were in turn supervised by an overseer of district officers and a prime minister.2 He had 1,000 wives or concubines, and probably had a large number of children. -
Alexander Janneus As High Priest and King: Struggling Between Jewish and Hellenistic Concepts of Rule
religions Article Alexander Janneus as High Priest and King: Struggling between Jewish and Hellenistic Concepts of Rule Vasile Babota Department of Biblical Theology, Faculty of Theology, Pontifical Gregorian University, Piazza della Pilotta, 4, 00187 Roma RM, Italy; [email protected] Received: 6 December 2019; Accepted: 9 January 2020; Published: 12 January 2020 Abstract: Josephus refers explicitly to Alexander Janneus in his narratives in both War and Antiquities only as king. Janneus’s high priestly office is only implied, and that in a context that is hostile to him (War 1.88//Ant. 13.372). If one looks at Josephus’s list of high priests in Ant. 20.242, there he reports that Janneus acted both as king and priest for “twenty-seven years”. Was it Josephus who did not want to refer explicitly to Janneus as high priest in his narratives, was this dictated by his source/s, or by some other reason/s? More specifically, why is there a contrast between the narratives and the list? This study adopts source-critical, comparative, and interdisciplinary approach. It also compares Janneus with other rulers from the Hellenistic world with whom he shared many characteristics. However, certain aspects make the Hasmonean high priestly monarchy unique, dictated mainly by theological reasons. That of Janneus is an example of an institutional clash. Josephus was aware of the complexity and controversial aspects surrounding the institution of Hasmonean kingship and its combination with the high priesthood. For various reasons he chose not to identify Janneus explicitly as high priest in his narratives, but rather focus mainly on the royal policy. -
Leadership Insight and Reflection, and Taking Action Sections on Your Own for That Lesson
21 LAWS OF LEADERSHIP IN THE BIBLE LEARNING to LEAD from the MEN and WOMEN of SCRIPTURE JOHN C. MAXWELL 9780310086260_INT.indd 1 9/20/18 9:54 AM 21 Laws of Leadership in the Bible © 2018 by John C. Maxwell All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, scanning, or other—except for brief quotations in critical reviews or articles, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published in Nashville, Tennessee, by Thomas Nelson. Thomas Nelson is a registered trademark of HarperCollins Christian Publishing, Inc. Published in association with Yates & Yates, www.yates2.com All Scripture quotations are taken from The Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. www.Zondervan.com. The “NIV” and “New International Version” are trademarks registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by Biblica, Inc.® Thomas Nelson titles may be purchased in bulk for educational, business, fundraising, or sales promotional use. For information, please e-mail [email protected]. ISBN 978-0-310-08626-0 First Printing October 2018 / Printed in the United States of America 9780310086260_INT.indd 2 9/20/18 9:54 AM CONTENTS Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction .............................................................................................................9