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Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) from Hydrothermal Systems in the West Pacific Océan: Bismarck Archipelago and Okinawa Trough

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Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) from Hydrothermal Systems in the West Pacific Océan: Bismarck Archipelago and Okinawa Trough New Galatheoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) from hydrothermal Systems in the West Pacific Océan: Bismarck Archipelago and Okinawa Trough Keiji BABA Kumamoto University, Faculty of Education Kumamoto 860-8555 (Japan) [email protected] Austin B. WILLIAMS National Marine Fisheries Service Systematics Laboratory National Muséum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington D.C. 20560 (U.S.A.) [email protected] Baba K. & Williams A. B. 1998. — New Galatheoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) from hydrothermal Systems in the West Pacific Océan: Bismarck Archipelago and Okinawa Trough. Zoosystema 20 (2): 143-156. ABSTRACT Two anomuran decapod crustaceans of the superfamily Galatheoidea that are new to science are described from hydrothermally active areas of the western Pacific Océan. Uroptychus edisonicus n.sp., family Chirostylidae, from a vol- canic crater on Edison Seamount near Lihir Island, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, is the third species of the genus known to occur in hydrothermally active areas, both of the others coming from the North Fiji Basin. The new species is more similar to non-hydrothermal congeners from the Banda Sea and the central North Pacific Océan than to those known KEYWORDS from vent areas. Shinkaia crosnieri n.g. n.sp., family Galatheidae, from active hydrothermal Systems, hydrothermal areas in the Okinawa Trough and Edison Seamount is placed West Pacific Océan, in the monotypic Shinkaiinae n. subfam. having similarities to the Chirostylidae, Uroptychus, Munidopsinae, but with distinctive characters of its own including carapace Galatheidae, shape and ornamentation, very short (or reduced) epipods on the third Shinkaiinae, maxillipeds, features of thoracic sternum, legs, and dense ventral mat of Shinkaia, biogeography. setae. ZOOSYSTEMA • 1998 • 20(2) 143 Baba K. & Williams A. B. RÉSUMÉ Galatheoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) nouveaux des écosystèmes hydro­ thermaux du Pacifique occidental : archipel de Bismarck et fosse d'Okinawa. Deux crustacés décapodes anomoures de la superfamille des Galatheoidea, nouveaux pour la science, sont décrits de sites hydrothermaux du Pacifique occidental. Uroptychus edisonicus n.sp., de la famille des Chirostylidae, prove­ nant d'un cratère volcanique sur le Seamount Edison près de Lihir dans l'archipel de Bismarck en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, est la troisième espèce du genre connue de sites hydrothermaux, les deux autres provenant du bassin nord-fidjien. La nouvelle espèce est plus proche de ses congénères non- hydrothermaux de la mer de Banda et du nord du Pacifique central que de ceux de sites hydrothermaux. Shinkaia crosnieri n.g. n.sp., de la famille des MOTS CLÉS Galatheidae, est originaire des sites hydrothermaux de la fosse d'Okinawa et écosystème hydrothermal, du Seamount Edison ; elle est placée dans une nouvelle sous-famille mono­ Pacifique occidental, typique Shinkaiinae, qui présente des ressemblances avec les Munidopsinae, Chirostylidae, Uroptychus, mais aussi des caractères distinctifs propres comme la forme et l'ornementa­ Galatheidae, tion de la carapace, des épipodites sur les troisièmes maxillipèdes très courts Shinkaiinae, Shinkaia, (ou réduits), les caractéristiques du sternum thoracique, des pattes, et un biogéographie. tomentum dense de soies ventrales. INTRODUCTION and species in a new subfamily, the Shinkaiinae, placed near the Munidopsinae (Baba 1988). The sites from which thèse samples were collec­ Exploration of hydrothermal environments ted lie more than 4400 km apart. In this région, continues to disclose species previously unknown hydrothermalism associated with calderas at to science. On several occasions, scientists diving modest depth (< 1500 m) represents a variation in the Japanese DSRV Shinkai 2000 collected from much deeper submarine hydrothermal Sys­ and recorded on video tape a number of samples tems associated with mid-ocean ridge spreading and numerous views of a galatheid decapod crus- or subduction zones (Takeda & Hashimoto tacean species from hydrothermally active areas 1990; Hashimoto et al. 1995). The Okinawa of the Okinawa Trough (Fig. 1) (for gênerai loca­ Trough lies near a juncture of the Eurasian and tions see Halbach et al. 1989; Sakai et al. 1990; Philippine plates while the New Ireland Basin Hashimoto et al. 1995). This same galatheid and lies on the eastern arc of the North Bismarck an unknown chirostylid decapod crustacean were Plate in the tectonically complex Bismarck collected from a submarine volcano by scientists Archipelago région (Hamilton 1979, maps on on board the German RV Sonne while mapping figures 145, 146). The sites thus are in disjunct largely uncharted offshore areas of the Tabar-to- régions of the northern West Pacific back-arc Feni island chain in the New Ireland Basin of complex (Galkin 1992). Papua, New Guinea from March 11 to April 5 1994 during the Epithermal Deposits Southwestern Pacific Océan (EDISON) cruise ABBREVIATIONS (Herzig et al. 1994, charted location). The site of JMSTC Japan Marine Science & Technology Cen- this sampling was a volcanic cone on Edison ter, Yokosuka (Japan); MNHN Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Seamount south of Lihit Island. The new chiro­ Paris (France); stylid, Uroptychus edisonicus, is described and USNM Holotypes and paratypes of new taxa depo- illustrated from the unique représentative collec­ sited in the U.S. National Muséum of ted. Spécimens of the new galatheid Shinkaia Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, crosnieri from both of the above localities are des­ Washington, D.C. (USA); che Cheliped length, dp of rostrum to ventral cribed, illustrated, and identified as a new genus articulation with sternum; 144 ZOOSYSTEM A • 1998 • 20(2) Hydrothermal Galatheoids in the West Pacific cl Carapace length, tip of rostrum to posterior SYSTEMATICS margin of carapace; coll. Collecter; Family CHIROSTYLIDAE Ortmann, 1892 Rpr Length propodus of cheliped, ventral arti­ culation with carpus to tip of propodal fin- ger, right; Uroptychus edisonicus n.sp. Lpr Same, left; (Figs 1,2) P Pereopod; PI Pleopod; MATERIAL. — Bismarck Archipelago. West Pacific sel Short carapace length, base of eyestalk to Océan, Papua New Guinea, Edison Seamount, near posterior margin of carapace; Lihir Island, 3°19.07'S - 152°34.92'E, 1492 m, RV tl Total length, tip of rostrum to posterior Sonne No. Sbb-1535, 29.III.1994, coll. M. margin of telson plates; Hannington & I. Jonasson: holotype, ovig. ? w Maximum width of carapace. (USNM 251479). 130E 140E 150E 160E FIG. 1. — Philippine Sea, bathymetry charted at 3000 m intervais, land areas shaded. Bordered on west (left) by Taiwan, Philippine Islands, and south by Papua New Guinea. Sample localities starred, Okinawa Trough upper left, Lihir Island lower right. Base map from British Océanographie Data Centre (1994). ZOOSYSTEMA • 1998 • 20(2) 145 Baba K. & Williams A. B. ETYMOLOGY. — The species is named for Edison -mesial processes on basai article simple but well Seamount, from which it was collected. developed. Antennal peduncles with distal article longer than penultimate article, both unarmed; MEASUREMENTS. — cl, 6.24; 5cl, 4.20; chl, 17.5; ova (3 présent), 1.28 X 1.39 (in millimètres). antennal scale slightly broader at base than penultimate article, reaching end of distal article. DlAGNOSIS Third maxillipeds with ischium bearing crest of Carapace dorsally smooth, with sparse short fine many (more than 30) corneous spines on mesial setae, latéral margin divergently convex, feebly ridge, slightly more widely-spaced proximally indented, anterolateral spine small but distinct; than distally; merus unarmed on flexor margin, greatest width of carapace measured at about bearing blunt distolateral process; dactyl and posterior one quarter of length excluding ros­ propodus densely setose on préhensile surfaces, trum. Rostrum triangular, 0.54 times as long as dactyl spatulate at tip. remaining carapace, not carinate ventrally. Chelipeds smooth, finely setose, length 3.8 times Latéral orbital angle acuminate. Eyestalks subcy- postorbital carapace length; ischium with blunt lindrical, barely reaching midlength of rostrum; dorsal process; merus, carpus and palm unarmed; cornea not dilated, length more than that of palm slightly wider and 1.3 times as long as car- remaining eyestalk. Antennal peduncles unarmed pus, length 4.3 times width; fingers curving ven- on distal two segments, antennal scale reaching trad, opposable margins of movable finger with end of ultimate segment of peduncle. Third tho- low process somewhat distal to midlength and racic sternite anteriorly concave, without médian proximal to smaller opposing process on movable notch and spines. Chelipeds relatively slender, finger. unarmed. Walking legs unarmed dorsally; propo- Walking legs somewhat compressed, smooth and di distally broadened; dactyls with prominent, shining, very lightly setose, propodus of first and proximally diminishing spines on préhensile second distoventrally broadened and spined, margin. third less so, to oppose flexor surface of slightly curved dactyl bearing strong rather evenly-spaced DESCRIPTION spines on flexor margin, six on first, seven or Carapace excluding rostrum shorter than greatest eight on second and third respectively; length of width; dorsal surface convex, smooth, with sparse dactyl/propodus on right side, first walking fine setae, minutely punctate, without ridge leg 0.59, second 0.51, third 0.66. along posterolateral margin. Latéral margins convexly divergent posteriorly, spineless except REMARKS
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