WINTER 1990 $2.95 Chipping Away at Choice • Animals: Captive Addicts Babies for Marrow • Earth's Last Gasp?

BELL REBECCA SUZANNE nm fl FREEBIRD now

AUG. 24, l()7l SEPT. 16, 1988 Have you seen crack on 42nd Street lately?

Or a cat? Or a dog? Or a sheep? and Mental Health Administration NO. Because the addiction problem is a (ADAMHA) spends nearly half a billion dol- uniquely human problem. lars on animal research. They say they are seeking a new "drug" to block the craving So why are federal funding agencies for substances such as cocaine. But many spending millions of your tax dollars on doctors and mental health professionals addiction experiments on animals? These disagree. They think the answer to the drug experiments torture and kill thousands of crisis lies in spending more money on pre- animals each year. And they bring big bucks vention and treatment programs—NOT on to universities. But they do nothing to help animal research. people. In fact, they divert precious tax dollars away from prevention and treatment Please write your federal legislators programs. today, telling them you oppose animal addiction experiments. If you are a medical Right now, there are nearly 10 million or mental health professional, please call addicts in the United States. But there are us NOW for information on other impor- only about 338,000 slots in treatment tant ways you can help people AND centers. animals. Meanwhile, the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, Call FoA at (202) 483-8998. i€S, I want more info on Friends of Animals. Name Friends Address of Animals Friends of Animals, 1623 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20009 THE JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCnE FOR PROGRESSIVE WOMEN VOL. XVII WINTER 1990

PUBLISHER/EDITOR IN CHIEF Merle Hoffman MANAGING EDITOR Beverly Lowy ASSOCIATE EDITOR Eleanor J. Bader ASSISTANT EDITOR Karen Aisenberg

EDITOR AT URGE Phyllis Chester

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Charlotte Bunch Vinie Burrows Naomi Feigelson Chase Irene Davall Toi Derricotte Roberta Kalechofsky Flo Kennedy Fred Pelka Helen M. Stummer ART DIRECTORS Michael Dowdy FEATURES Because her neighborhood is so Julia Gran dangerous, Danielle is cloistered, ADVERTISING AND SALES WHICH WAY AFTER WEBSTER? seeing the world only through DIRECTOR By Irene Davall windows or the TV screen. ( pg 16) Carolyn Handel 93 percent of America's rural counties Cover: Becky Bell's grave, (pg 10) have no abortion providers. In Nebraska it's 98 percent 8 ON THE ISSUES: A feminist, humanist INNOCENT CASUALTIES publication dedicated to promoting politi- ANOTHER AMERICAN IN THE WAR ON cal action through awareness and educa- TRAGEDY: THE DEATH OF DRUGS tion; working toward a global political BECKY BELL By Betsy Swart consciousness; fostering a spirit of collec- Mary Lou Greenberg interviews the While funding is unavailable for tive responsibility for positive social parents of a 17-year-old victim of treatment centers, it is there to force change; eradicating racism, homophobia, classism, sexism, ageism, speciesism; and parental consent laws 10 addiction and other atrocities on supporting the struggle of historically helpless animals 27 disenfranchised groups to protect and GUAM — Territory in Turmoil defend themselves. By Amy Goodman ON THE ISSUES The lines between church and state CELEBRATES GOING UNSOLICITED MANUSCRIPTS are blurred by abortion 14 QUARTERLY All unsolicited material will be read by the editors. For return, enclose self-addressed, stamped envelope with A look backward to our origins and proper postage. Articles should be not more than 10 double LIVING WITHOUT CHOICES forward to our potential 29 spaced, typewritten pages on health, social or political issues by people with hands -on experience in their fields. A Photo Essay By Helen M. Stummer Professional papers are acceptable. All editing decisions Choices don't exist in a world that is ON SPECIESIST LANGUAGE are at the discretion of the editors. Feminist cartoons are burned out, worn out, thrown out 16 By Joan Dunayer also acceptable under the same provisions. ON THE ISSUES does not accept fiction or poetry. Just as sexist language demeans ON DONOR BABIES — women, speciesist language denigrates Advertising is accepted at the discretion of the publisher. non-human animals 30 Acceptance does not necessarily imply endorsement. A Guest Editorial By Dr. Barbara Katz Rothman PUBLISHER'S NOTE: The opinions expressed by The ethics of using one child to save contributors to our publication and by those we DEPARTMENTS interview are not necessarily those of the editors. another 23 ON THE ISSUES is traditionally a forum for ideas Merle Hoffman—Editorial 2 and concepts and a place where women may have ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION: their voices heard without censure or censorship. Win Some*Lose Some 4 Time Is Running Out ON THE ISSUES is published quarterly as an in- By Eleanor J. Bader Choice Books 32 formational and educational service of CHOICES Film & Video 36 Women's Medical Center, Inc. 97-77 Queens Boule- Ruth Caplan of Environmental Action vard, Forest Hills, NY 11374-3317 ISSN 0895-6014 indicts our throw-away society 24 Feedback 43

COVER PHOTO: GWENDOLEN CATE5/PHOTO[ABOVE|: HELEN M. STUMMER "Central Park jogger case," where the as analyzed as the racial aspects of the MERLE HOFFMAN brutal attack on a lone woman runner case: Early on, African-American men O N T H E S S U E S one spring evening in New York's Cen- were rounded up and questioned about I have an old friend who lives in North tral Park thrust the reality of the multi- the murder because Stuart's husband Miami. She's bright, solidly middle faceted and pervasive nature of crimes recounted a gruesome tale of having class, married and a mother. She also of violence against women and girls into witnessed a Black male murder his carries a .38 with blanks in the glove the nations living rooms and morning wife. Only later did Mr. Stuart himself compartment of her car. The thing she papers. become a suspect. By that time dozens wanted most as a birthday present was From the first reports of the young, of Black men had been wrongly inves- a "Police Zapper," described in the Spy tigated, further intensifying racial Shop International Brochure as the tensions in the city. "new 009 Gun with 90,000 volts of elec- Lost in all the attacks and counter tricity and a super-strong halogen light Rape is a great attacks of media bias against Blacks that blinds attackers temporarily, of- was any discussion concerning the fering superb protection with additional equalizer — prevalence of wife and girlfriend killing knock-down power." by husbands and lovers. Similarly, in My secretary, living in Brooklyn, has it has no color the Central Park jogger case the issue developed elaborate rituals of urban of gender- biased crimes took a back defense. Rituals that are no longer con- seat to an analysis of race and class. scious or strategized have become just and no class and While the rape was played up to excite another part of her daily routine, like some white people's most primal brushing her teeth in the morning or makes all mythological fears, that of a white, putting on makeup. These include upper-class woman being viciously ringing her intercom and doorbell be- raped by a gang of young Black "ani- fore entering what she assumes to be women sisters mals, mutants," the facts are that most (yet is never quite sure) an empty •rapes occur within the same ethnic apartment — and calling out to a non- group and white women are more likely existent person within, hoping that if white investment banker being raped, to be raped by white men. Women, in fact there is a rapist in her house, sodomized, beaten, gagged and left for | white or Black, are also likely to be her signals will give him time to get out dead by a group of young Black males i victims of gang rape, by all reports a before she arrives. who were "wilding" (a media created mainly white male phenomenon. The As for doing the laundry, she never term), people have expressed outrage brutal gang rape of a young woman in enters the room alone at night, and if and astonishment at the randomness Big Dan's Bar in New Bedford, MA a she has to do it before work, she role- and brutality of the attack. More than a few years ago, the recent rape of a plays a conversation with a phantom year after the crime, they still find young student by the lacrosse team at friend who is ostensibly waiting out- themselves looking for answers to St. John's University, the high-school side in the lobby — saying things like troubling questions in neat political jocks in Glen Ridge, NJ who used a bat — "I'll be right out — the machines are packages. Having logged 3,584 reported to gang-rape a slightly-retarded girl empty." She also does quick visual rapes last year (FBI statistics estimate are all examples of a culture of macho- sweeps of the walls behind the dryers that only one out of 10 are reported), team sexual violence that festers because they are so massive there is this particular rape could easily have unchecked in our society. "always a possibility of someone hiding been just one in many, lost in the end- In her book Fraternity Gang Rape: Sex, behind them." less bureacracy of the criminal justice Brotherhood and Privilege on Campus, Another friend of mine keeps her car system. According to Linda Fairstein, Peggy Reeves Sanday makes the point on the street, giving up the convenience chief of the Sex Crimes Prosecution that rather than being an aberration, of the garage because of her fears of Unit in the New York District gang rapes on campuses are intrinsic, being in a dark, deserted space late in Attorney's office, "The manner in which institutionalized and ritualistic forms the evening. She feels her chances of rape cases are investigated and pros- of male bonding behavior. She reports surviving an attack are better in the ecuted has a profound influence on the that common names for women among street. "At least there are street lamps enormous number of women who are male college students include "gashes," and the possibility of another person victimized by sex offenders." (N. Y. "hosebags," "heifers," "scum," "scum seeing me run." She says that she would Times 6/21/90) bucket," "life support systems," "beasts," rather take her chances of being hit by But the jogger case was different. She "swatches," and "cracks," and that "men a car than being raped or killed. and the trial of the three young defen- entice one another into the act (gang I personally find myself altering cer- dants accused of her rape and attempted rape) by implying that those who do not tain plans because of time or location murder became a lightening rod for a participate are unmanly or homosexual. and have often crossed to another side city already suffering the wounds and The fact that the woman involved is of the street to avoid passing a group of anxieties of ongoing racial tensions. This often unconscious highlights her status men who are staring at me. Just their case was followed by another, Carol as a surrogate victim in a drama where presence provokes a defensive reac- Stuart in Boston, who was murdered by the main agents are males interacting tion. And I am not alone — nor are my her husband while pregnant (not un- with one another. She is defined as secretary or my friends. The thing that common; nearly one-third of female ho- "wanting it" so that the men can "sat- binds us is our continuing potential for micide victims are killed by their hus- isfy their urges for one another at her becoming victims simply because we bands or boyfriends). While Carol Stuart expense." Sanday makes the chilling are women. was murdered simply because she was point that one of the "most important Nowhere was this global vulnerabil- an inconvenience to her supposedly well- social conditions promoting gang-rape ity writ larger than in the explosive adjusted, middle-class husband, this has to do with the widespread tendency internationally reported and analyzed reality was not nearly as prominent or for college administrators to cover it

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 IT JSL ABOUT \JR0N6 BjGHTt

up," and the attitude that gang rape is Lisa Sliwa leads a contingent of sisters. The same week as the Central just a rather extreme example of "boys Guardian Angels in a pretest out- Park attack, there were 28 other rapes will be boys." side the Central Park jogger trial. or attempted rapes in New York City, Not only are women physically, emo- nearly all of Black or Hispanic women tionally and spiritually assaulted by fellow. You did something stupid." and nearly all of which were ignored by their attackers and the memory of the This insidious tendency of victim the media. The victims that week ranged attack, the devastation and victimiza- blaming also entered the jogger case. In in age from eight to 51. Linda Fairstein tion continues well into the prosecution bars, offices, restaurants and at cock- has seen rape victims as young as a few process by the criminal justice system. tail parties, there was one question months and as old as their 90s. The woman in Big Dan's was accused of asked about the Central Park case: Indeed, according to trial transcripts, bringing the attack on herself because What was she doing in the park at when the jogger screamed out in pain she had the audacity to walk into the night? and panic she was told "shut up bitch;" bar alone — and increasingly rape vic- The question is not what was she not white bitch, not Black bitch, not tims face a prejudiced and insensitive doing in the park at night, or even how rich bitch — just bitch. Rape does not judiciary when they attempt to find this could possibly have happened, but exist in a vacuum — it happens because justice. According to testimony offered when, if ever, women will be safe from of the brutalization, subordination and by The NOW Legal Defense and Educa- sexual violence. degradation of women that goes on daily tion Fund regarding the Violence Rape is as American as apple pie. in our community in a thousand dif- Against Women Act of 1990 (which Women are raped by husbands, dates, ferent ways. would create a civil remedy under fed- boyfriends, relatives and friends of the From the lyrics of 2 Live Crew who eral civil rights law for violent crimes family. They are raped in bedrooms, sing songs about taking pride in motivated by the victim's gender) an boardrooms, on the streets, in play- breaking women's vaginas and the joy analysis of a recent series of cases re- grounds and in parks. Most rapists rape of forcing anal sex on a woman, to Prince vealed the following: 15-20 times before they are caught, and singing "We could fuck until the dawn/ • A five-year-old victim being called convicted rapists have the highest re- make love 'til your cherry's gone," to an "unusually promiscuous young cidivism rate of any criminals. If a rap- Guns 'N Roses growling "I used to love lady"; ist is prosecuted, there is only a three her but I had to kill her," and Andrew • A judge telling a complainant he percent chance of conviction. Dice Clay denigrating women and fe- would dismiss her case if she did not One woman is raped every six min- male sexuality as a staple of his so- stop crying on the witness stand; utes, one out of three women is sexually called "comedic" diet, to the use of • A Pennsylvania judge who declared assaulted in her lifetime, and one-fifth women's bodies to sell everything from in 1986 that a suspect was not guilty of to one-half of American women are cars to toothpaste, the message to attempted rape despite a police witness sexually abused as children, most of America's women is loud and clear: to the attack, stating to the defendant them by older male relatives. Women are defined by their sexuality in open court, "This was an unattrac- Rape is a great equalizer — it has no tive girl, and you are a good-looking color and no class and makes all women continued on pg 42

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 PHOTO: WIDE WORLD PHOTOS A Compiled Adaptation of News Items WIN SOME • LOSE SOME with Editorial Commentary by Beverly Lowy

RAPE IS NOT A athlete's private life, have Marybeth Roden of the Rape Walsh also cautioned SPORT heightened the attention Treatment Center at Santa against viewing this as an From a feature by Gerald these incidents receive. Until Monica (CA) Hospital, where athlete's problem and for- Eskenazi, the NY Times: recent years, this part of the patients from UCLA are of- getting that the real victim Interviews with rape-cri- athlete's life was often winked ten brought. "I think it would is the woman. "In almost all sis counselors as well as re- at, covered up or ignored. be great if more athletic di- cases, there was drinking and sults of studies of assaults Now, several studies, as well rectors got involved in rais- that creates a negative im- on college campuses, indi- as anecdotal evidence from ing athletes' consciousness to age of the victim, because we cate that athletes are in- counselors on campuses and the problem. The best people have ideas of how a 'y°unS volved in a disproportionate in rape treatment centers and to teach men are other men." lady' should behave," she number of rapes and other recovery programs, indicate Indeed, researchers say a said. "But who do people sexual assaults, but there is that this is becoming a more crime is often not even per- think is getting raped? It's an absence of programs at significant problem for the ceived by society as having their daughters. It's their the high school, college and athlete. Many experts believe occurred when an athlete, or sisters. Often they're at- professional levels to prevent that sensitivity training group of athletes, is involved. tacked because of the quali- such attacks. would be the most successful "The entire group will fall ties parents try to instill in Although exact figures on remedy, but the vast major- behind the accused and deny them, such as trust." such crimes by athletes are ity of athletes and coaches an offense has been commit- difficult to obtain, changes receive no such training. ted," said Dr. Claire Walsh, The athletes better learn in society's awareness of "I'd say a significant num- who directs the sexual as- there's nothing macho about women's concerns, and the ber of our clients have been sault recovery program at the rape, and women are people wider attention accorded an gang-raped by athletes," said University of Florida. — not trophies.

SECRET — a class of chemicals that DISSERVICE may cause a range of ail- NYNewsday's "News Briefs": ments — as early as 1965 Two of the country's larg- and were concerned the gov- est chemical companies ernment would learn about withheld information from the dangers, the Arkansas employees on the toxic na- Democrat reported. ture of dioxin wastes at an Arkansas chemical plant. Why worry about the govern- Officials of Hercules Inc. ment? They're allowing and Dow Chemical also knew homes to be sold on Love Ca- about the dangers of dioxins nal, aren't they?

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 CLASS, RACE AND the doctor can end up as a Although there has been class women. Sixty percent DRUGS term in jail. The prosecu- little research on the issue, of the 133 women reported From an article by Gina tions are particularly unfair, researchers say they believe had incomes of less than Kolata in the NY Times: they say, because most drug 15 percent of pregnant $12,000 a year. Only eight Most women prosecuted for treatment programs will not women use drugs. But they percent had incomes of more using illegal drugs while accept pregnant women. say there are indications that than $25,000 a year. pregnant have been poor In large part, experts said, poor minority women are The ACLU has begun keep- members of racial minorities, poor women are more likely more likely to use cocaine, ing track of the races and experts say, even though to be prosecuted because whereas white, middle-class economic classes of women drug use in pregnancy is public hospitals, where poor women are most likely to use who are prosecuted for using equally prevalent in white, women go for care, are most marijuana. drugs while pregnant, middle-class women. vigilant in their drug test- Chasnoff conceded that Paltrow said. Most have been The number of prosecutions ing and more likely than pri- marijuana was "nowhere charged with child abuse or has "increased exponen- vate hospitals to report near as damaging" as crack, endangering an "unborn tially," said Lynn M. Paltrow, women whose tests show but said babies exposed pre- child," she said, although a lawyer with the American drug use. natally to marijuana had there have also been charges Civil Liberities Union's re- Dr. Ira J. Chasnoff, whose been found to have low birth of delivering drugs to a mi- productive freedom project. research has found roughly weights, abnormal eye-hand nor. Eighty percent of the "We used to see one every equal rates of drug use coordination and higher risks women were Black, Hispanic five years. Now we have gone among non-Hispanic whites of eye problems, including or members of other minori- from a handful to 60 in less and minority women who are crossed eyes and delayed de- ties, the ACLU has found. than a year." pregnant, said the disparity velopment of the optical sys- Some women were jailed. Paltrow and other critics of in prosecutions also has to tem. Others lost custody of their the prosecutions are do with "our perception of Chasnoff reported that children. alarmed, saying the ap- who a drug abuser is." Black women were 10 times proach is discriminatory and "There is a perception that as likely as whites to be re- The message seems to be: Pre- punitive and will drive poor the people using drugs are ported to the authorities, and pare to be prosecuted if you're women away from prenatal mostly minority, inner-city poor women were more likely of the wrong class, race or care out of fear that a trip to people," he said. to be reported than middle- income-tax bracket.

U P D A T ES NO DRESS CODE FOR SOME WE LOSE... VICTIMS The first Top Dog World Championship Prairie Dog Shoot Sheila Anne Feeney in the competition was held in Nucla, CO July 14 with more than NY Daily News: 100 shooters, despite the efforts of about two dozen animal Florida Rep. Elaine Gordon rights activists. Two protestors were issued citations for has introduced a House bill trespassing, authorities said. that would made a victim's When plans for the shooting contest became known three clothing inadmissible as months earlier, outraged animal rights activists successfully evidence in rape trials. The lobbied Gov. Roy Romer and U.S. Rep. Ben Nighthorse legislation was inspired by Campbell to come out against it. But local citizens rallied last year's rape of a Fort round the organizers and voted in favor of the contest. Lauderdale woman who was wearing a lace miniskirt and BUT SOME WE WIN! no underwear. Jurors ac- Able to move around in a wheelchair, feed and dress quitted Steven Lamar Lord, herself, and communicate, Nancy Klein, the Upper Brookville, 26, of Lawrenceville, GA of LI woman who was comatose and underwent an abortion the assault, and one juror that was challenged by antiabortion advocates, was dis- was quoted as saying the charged in June from a New Jersey rehabilitation center. victim's clothes indicated she Eighteen months after she suffered head injuries in a car "asked for it." Lord was sub- crash, Klein, 33, was moved to a facility where she will sequently convicted of two learn daily living skills that will help her eventually move other rapes involving other home. women. The woman's apparel "was not relevant at all to whether the person on trial DISTASTEFUL DEAL Manhattan DA's office to be actually committed the From various sources: sentenced to no more than crime," said Gordon. "It only Reginald Darby, 28, a Co- five to 15 years (in lieu of an had to do with an attack on lumbia University security eight and a third to 25-year the character of the victim." guard who raped a 17-year- maximum), reports Man- The bill passed a subcommit- hattan Lawyer. New York tee of the Criminal Justice old first year Columbia Uni- Committee 6-0. versity student in her dorm law states that those charged room, has received a reduced with rape cannot be forced sentence for agreeing to un- to submit to AIDS tests. Unfortunately, it's harder to dergo an AIDS test. Darby, change jurors' prejudices who pleaded guilty in March, How about the survivor be- than to pass legislation. But made a secret deal with the ing forced to submit to rape? it's a start.

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 TRAMPLED RIGHTS An AP dispatch: Using torture, murder and mass arrests, governments trampled the human rights of tens of thousands of people in 1989 to suppress conflicts stemming from ethnic or na- tionalist tensions, says Am- nesty International. Cases cited in the human rights group's 138-country report ranged from children tortured in Iraq to a Span- iard sentenced for burning the flag; from racial lopsid- edness in American capital punishment to the jailing of Malawi's only.neurosurgeon for criticizing the President; from death squads in El Sal- vador to draft objectors in Western Europe. The theme of the report was "the suppression of ethnic and nationalist groups," which Amnesty said had of- ten "served to entrench bit- ter conflicts, dimmed pros- pects for dialogue and added to the toll of suffering and death." The survey saw this pat- tern in countries including Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Sri Lanka, India, Burma, Indonesia, the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Tibet, Chad, Mauritania, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Bulgaria, Guatemala and Brazil.

Let's not forget our own high security prisons complete with psychological torture for activist dissidents.

WHEN NATURE served for the other. The le- said. women attended sporting CALLS, gal secretary was also kicked Her lawyer has received events and conventions. The YOU ANSWER out of the concert, which she nearly 60 offers from women code was changed in 1985, From various sources: paid $125 to attend. A sec- willing to testify on her be- after studies found that The arrest of a woman who ond woman was arrested at half, saying that they, too, the theory was not always used the men's room at a the same time. have sought relief in the right and that, in any case, Houston concert when she Wells' attorney, her sister men's room. Other callers women, by dint of biology, couldn't get into the women's Valerie Davenport, will rep- have offered to pay her fine, needed more "sanitary fa- room has generated a resent her at the Nov. 1 hear- but her lawyer says that will cilities" than an equal num- groundswell of support. ing. not be necessary. "I don't in- ber of men. "It's obviously hit a nerve "My lawyer says necessity tend to lose," she said. "This But the new code applies with a lot of women around should be all the defense I is too important." only to buildings built after town," said Denise Wells. need, but the way the city In Houston, plumbing 1985; Wells happened to be Wells was arrested July 7 ordinance reads, it says that codes for large gathering" at the Summit, which was at a George Strait concert. it's illegal to enter the places have long allowed a built in 1975. She received a ticket that restroom of the opposite higher combined total of toi- could cost her $200 for vio- sex with intent to cause a lets and urinals in men's Sounds like you'd better be at lating a city ordinance that disturbance or something rooms than toilets in women's the right place at the right forbids members of one sex like that. And obviously that rooms. The operative theory time — or bring your own from using restrooms re- was not my intent," Wells was that more men than porta-potty.

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 CRIME WITHOUT young to testify. His victims PUNISHMENT were one-and two-year-olds. An AP dispatch: Jeanine Ferris Pirro, the The conviction of a man on chief of the District 22 counts of sexually abus- Attorney's Domestic Violence ing four toddlers has been and Child Abuse Bureau, told overturned by an appellate Judge Kenneth Lange of the court, which ruled that the Westchester County Court police had no right to view a that her office was appealing videotape of the abuse seized the decision. from the defendant's car. The state's highest court, The defendant, Peter Tho- the Court of Appeals, must mas, 54, had pleaded guilty decide on Pirro's motion for to the abuse charges and was an appeal. sentenced to four to 12 years Judge Lange reset bail for in prison. Thomas at $10,000. The main evidence against him was a videotape of the This sounds like a Catch-22 abuse seized by the police if we've ever heard one. from Thomas' car in an unre- lated case. But the Appel- SEEING THE LIGHT late Division ruled that while Betty Liu Ebron in the NY police officers had the right Daily News: Vanna White to seize the tape, they erred won't be modeling fur coats in viewing it. anymore on new segments Without the tape, prosecu- of "Wheel of Fortune." tors had maintained at the People for the Ethical time, it would have been im- Treatment of Animals fi- possible to try Thomas be- nally pressured the game cause the children were too show to quit offering furs as prizes. "Wheel" caved in after a major advertiser, BOYCOTT MILLER roe, DGA president said. GUARDIANS OF John Paul Mitchell Systems, BEER Miller and Marlboro prod- WHOSE LAW? which makes eco-conscious From a Dallas Gay Alliance ucts are no longer present in An AP dispatch: hair-care products, joined Press Release: the heavily gay/lesbian Ce- Police officers and sheriffs the protest. The Dallas Gay Alliance dar Springs-Oak Lawn area deputies in Corpus Christie, (DGA) decision in July to of Dallas, with other busi- TX have formed a group to boycott Miller Beer as well nesses, restaurants and press for a law allowing offic- as Marlboro (both owned by stores supporting the boycott. ers to refuse duty protecting Philip Morris, Inc.) received Several bars in the Deep abortion clinics. a boost when the gay bar- Ellum section of Dallas, The group, Officers for Life, owners association, the Dal- where the arts community is led by Sheriff James T. las Tavern Guild, joined ac- has a major presence, have Hickey of Nueces County, tivists by removing the prod- agreed to support the boy- who said he would not send ucts from their bars. "We ap- cott as well, Monroe said. deputies to help the police preciate the Guild's aware- remove protestors from clinic ness of how profits from Bars and cabarets, gay and entrances. "I would be aiding Miller Beer sales flow into heterosexual, in New York, in murder of babies if I did," the pockets of Jesse Helms Washington, DC and San he said. through parent Philip Morris' Francisco have also joined Elva Bustamante, director political action committee or the boycott. So should every- of New Women's Clinic, contributions to the Jesse one who is prochoice, anti- which has been a target of Helms Leadership Center in censorship in the arts or sim- antiabortion protestors, said North Carolina," Bruce Mon- ply a caring individual. she was astounded that officers would form such a group. She suggested that they "should find an- other means of earning a living." Corpus Christie, a city of 230,000, has become a focus of growing antiabortion ac- tivism.

We didn't know upholding the law was optional for police.

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 Which Way After Webster? Throughout the U.S., six-hour drives are not uncommon for women needing abortions

By Irene Davall

onna Jean pulled into percent and its two clinics are the parking lot as her located, not too conveniently, dashboard clock clicked in the southeastern corner of over to 7:10. The lot the state; both are in the same was already more than city. Dhalf full. Linda Allen, Development Donna Jean and her friend Director of Omaha Planned had left home at 1:30 that Parenthood, says "The morning. With only a couple Women's Service and Women's of coffee stops, they had driven Medical Center are the only 300 miles from Scottsluff to two abortion providers in the Omaha. It was imperative they state. Seven thousand preg- arrive at the Women's Medical nancies were aborted in those Center by 8 a.m.; otherwise two clinics in 1989. Most of Donna would have to wait a the women were state resi- whole day to get the abortion dents, but a goodly number she needed. had traveled from South Da- Nebraska, in the heartland kota [which now has only one of America, occupies an area abortion provider], Iowa and one-third larger than New other nearby states. In Wyo- York state. As a place to live it ming more than half the offers many amenities: Clean women go out of state for their air, pure water, abundant abortions." crops, good schools and roads. Some women arrive the day But for women who need an before the procedure. Others, abortion more than clean air, like Donna, arrive before 8 the paucity of providers is a a.m. and elect to have the pro- distinct disadvantage. It cedure under local anesthe- should be noted, however, that sia. In that case they are per- Nebraska has no corner on mitted to return home the that market. After 17 years of same day, provided they have legal abortion in America, 93 someone to drive them. Most percent of rural counties have arrive accompanied by a no abortion providers. In Ne- friend, husband, mother or braska the figure is not 93 boyfriend, the person we have percent, but a whopping 98 learned to call "the des-

8 PHOTO JIM WEST/IMPACT VISUALS ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 ignated driver." centers in midwestern states? One an- July to attend a family reunion and to No one can question the determina- swer, according to Allen, is that an collect information about abortion fa- tion or the resourcefulness of women individual physician or a freestanding cilities in the state where I was born. who travel two, three or even 400 miles clinic must have hospital backup nearby On the Central Plains, July 4 was to secure an abortion. One woman, in case of emergency. In these and simi- always a cause for daylong joviality Maryanne (not her real name), came to lar towns, hospitals are often owned and so it was this year. The festivities the Women's Service when she was and operated by religious groups that began with a noontime parade up the scarcely 15 years old. Maryanne's refuse back-up services for abortions. town's main street and ended after dark mother was killed in an auto accident a Years ago abortion was considered a with fireworks only slightly less spec- year earlier, and she and her brother, moral or religious matter. Today most tacular than Macy's annual gift to New mourning their mother's death, acted people understand that abortion is a Yorkers. The parade included floats out their grief by rebelling against political issue, not only at the local and praising Norfolk industry, farm prod- society's rules. The boy took to petty state level, but on a national level as ucts and people. This year's patriotic thievery while Maryanne sought com- well. For example, in July the site of the theme was opposition to flag-burning. fort in a sexual relationship. Not sur- Parade planners may not have been prisingly, by her 15th birthday aware of the coincidence but, for the Maryanne found herself pregnant. Her first time ever, the Norfolk parade in- boyfriend, only a couple of years older cluded a float mounted on a flat-bed truck than she, was attending school, had no 93 percent of proclaiming antiabortion sentiments. money, no job and was unsuited to tak- In 1989, another rural state made ing on the problems of a wife and child. rural counties national news when the Supreme Court Realizing she was too young to be handed down Webster vs. Reproductive a mother, Maryanne was afraid to have no abortion Health Services, the session's most fa- tell her dad she was pregnant and mous case. In that decision the Court wanted an abortion. She said "I bor- upheld a Missouri law barring the use rowed a check out of dad's check book providers of public money, employees or sites for and convinced my boyfriend to drive me abortions — in effect shutting down to Omaha in his father's car. At the public hospitals as a venue for the pro- clinic I signed dad's name to the check cedure. It also required doctors to con- and that's how I paid for the abortion. 1992 Democratic Party convention duct viability tests on some fetuses and Some people might think what I did changed from Louisiana to New York allowed to stand a statutory declara- was wrong, but I am too young to take City because the Louisiana legislature tion that "life begins at conception." care of myself. How can I even think banned abortions unless the pregnancy The Webster decision doubtless ener- about having a baby and raising her?" endangered a woman's life, or was gized antiabortionists throughout the Prices at the two Omaha clinics are caused by rape or incest. The bill (ve- midwest, including Norfolk's "Pro-Life" reasonable and vary with the length of toed by Gov. Buddy Roemer), which group. While antichoice people were gestation. Up to six-and-a-half weeks, cost New Orleans a lucrative conven- jubilant over Webster, the number of the procedure costs $125 under local tion, began as a law against flag-burn- abortions performed in Missouri actu- anesthesia. From seven through 12 ing, but in the final frantic days of the ally went up slightly in 1989, so it weeks the cost is $225; it is $295 if the session was amended to ban most abor- would appear the effects of the decision woman elects to have a general. From tions. An ACLU spokeswoman com- on Missouri women are more symbolic 13 to 16 weeks a general anesthetic is mented: "A flag-burning law becoming than real. the rule and the cost is $350. an antiabortion law is truly bizarre." But that is not the whole story. Poten- These days, about 88 percent of all And then in what appears to be proph- tially the most serious effect of Webster abortions in America are performed in ecy come true, she said, "Organizations was to end the training of University of clinics such as the two in Omaha. In that support abortion rights might boy- Missouri medical students in abortion 1973 when the Supreme Court declared cott New Orleans as a tourist and con- procedures. "That's going to be one of abortion was the right of every woman, vention site if the law were signed." the most negative longtime effects," said financial exploiters and privately owned Flag-burning and abortion came to- Karen Carlson, director of Planned or proprietary hospitals rushed to buy gether on July 4th in Norfolk, NE, a Parenthood of Kansas City. "Graduates up facilities and often charged up to town which has a boulevard named af- of state medical schools are not going to $800 for early abortions. The National ter its most illustrious citizen, Johnny have the training they need to do abor- Association for Repeal of Abortion Laws Carson. tions, nor are they being exposed to an (NARAL) declared that limiting abor- An antiabortion organization was environment that is likely to produce tions to hospitals and their clinics con- formed in Norfolk early in the year. advocates for a woman's right to choose." travened the law and deprived hospi- Soon afterward, the local newspaper A Norfolk attorney declared that the tals of critically needed bedspace. After front-paged a report by local citizens most obvious legacy of the Webster de- a short debate it was decided the only who traveled to Washington, D.C. to cision is the influence it will have on rational solution was a network of free- participate in an antiabortion march. politics and activism. "I believe un- standing, ambulatory clinics, using Perhaps being part of that demonstra- equivocally in the right of every woman vacuum aspiration under local anes- tion energized the fledgling group to to control her own body," he said. "I was thesia. Women in early pregnancy could purchase a full-page ad in the Norfolk overseas during World War II and saw be admitted and released in three or Daily News declaring "Abortion is De- little children digging in garbage dumps four hours. stroying America's Future — One Life for food. No one should be forced to have If such rational decisions were made At a Time." The ad, signed by 600 people, a baby they don't want or cannot care nearly 17 years ago, why are such clin- described the development of fetuses for. The dumbest woman alive is a bet- ics not now operating in Lincoln, Chey- from eight weeks to three months. enne, Sioux City and other populous I went to Norfolk the first week in continued on pg 40

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 9 ANOTHER AMERICAN TRAGEDY The Death of Becky Bell

By Mary Lou Greenberg

n June 25, 1990 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states can require teenaged women to ei- ther notify one or both parents or get permission from a judge before having an abortion. Thirty- Othree states previously had laws in place that required parental notification or consent prior to a young woman getting an abortion, but most of these had not been enforced or had been declared unconstitutional by lower courts. Indiana is one state where such a law was enforced even before the Supreme Court ruling. And Indiana is where, on September 16, 1988, 17-year-old Rebecca Suzanne Bell died from an illegal abortion.

When Becky went to Planned Parent- to find a believable excuse to stay away hooli'Tld in Indianapolis* 1*1, she1 learned"1 tha1 t fror\ m ihe r »home long enough to go to she couldn't get an abortion without the neighboring Kentucky where parental consent of at least one parent or a waiver involvement was not required, Becky from a judge. But she couldn't bear to j Bell, as thousands of women and girls tell her mother or father. And word on before her, was forced to seek an illegal the street was that it was useless to go \ abortion. before the judge who heard these cases Several days after Becky returned because he was antichoice and hardly from a party feeling "sick," her parents ever granted waivers. Evidently unable took her to a hospital. The next day she

10 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 PHOTO: GWENDOLEN CATES 11 died. She never told her parents or did all the time. anyone else what happened. What is In death BB: All you had to do with her was raise known is that Becky developed pneu- your voice. She knew. This was a very monia which was brought on by a mas- tender person. We're not trying to make sive infection, the result of an illegal, Becky Bell is still Becky out to be some saint, but she had possibly self-induced, abortion. an incredible ability to love. The last Now her parents, Bill and Karen Bell, thing she was really starting to get into are traveling around the country, going to help was the plight of the American Indian. speaking out in the media, appearing One of her first papers for school at the before legislative hearings, talking to beginning of the year was about this. whomever will listen about the killing many people KB: She was doing this Indian research, nature of parental consent and notifi- and this old man down at the end of the cation laws. Bill and Karen come out of street gave her a beautiful Indian poem, a very mainstream background — he monstrative in terms of how we feel called "The Red Man's Poem," about life was a high school sports star and she about each other. You know, when we and death, which she loved. And I put was a homecoming queen — and their's go on vacation, not only do we go but we that with her in the casket. And Billy was the epitome of the traditional take Karen's mother and father and gave her a box with some of her favorite American family. Now, in their outspo- her sister and her two kids. We've done things. He misses her so much. Then all kenness, they have been thrust to the that for years. We're a close knit, loving the kids put in crystals and teddy bears forefront of one of the most critical family. and little things they loved. battles of the day, the right of a woman KB: Every year we went to Siesta Key BB: Not only did she touch a lot of of any age, race, nationality or social where my mom and dad took me as a people, she just brightened the room. and economic status to control her own little girl. The last vacation we had was I've seen the impact she had not just on reproduction. when I noticed Becky kind of slumping other kids but on their parents. Becky's I interviewed the Bells for On The Is- and sad-eyed, and I said, "Becky, what funeral was massive. We didn't know sues in Washington, D.C. where they do you have to be sad about? You've got why, and we didn't know how, but we had gone to speak with the Fund for the everything in the world. You're going to knew Becky died of an illegal abortion. Feminist Majority about participating be 17..." And now I look back, she didn't And when the minister said this at the in a campaign against parental notifi- really want to go on vacation, and I funeral, that was the first anybody knew cation and consent laws. know why. She was going to go to Ken- of this. And it knocked people back off tucky. their feet. It affected not only the young Bill Bell (BB): This has changed our BB: It's not only the impact on our women and young men, but the par- lives, not just in the obvious way, but family, but on our neighborhood, our ents. it's brought an awareness to us of not friends. Becky touched a lot of people's It'd be less than honest if we didn't tell only restrictive parental consent and lives. She had a tremendous capacity to you it was a struggle to get through the notification laws, but also other laws want to help. Her ability to want to take first 12-13 months. We had no purpose, that impact on women and young care of young people, her nieces and no ambition, no motivation. Sure, we women in this country. We've gained nephews, little babies, and at the same love our son, love each other, but nothing the capacity to recognize the injustices time to be equally comfortable in lean- excited us, motivated us. being done. Before the loss of Becky, we ing down to an elderly person in a Speaking out against these laws is the were rural Indiana, trying to chase a wheelchair and give them that same only thing that's motivated me since we dollar, raise our kids— kind of attention and love, we know to lost Becky. We testified in Michigan in Karen Bell (KB): Planning vacations. I be very unique. early December. CBS News followed us told Bill, what bothers me most, I was KB: She visited the old people that down from there the next day and we home every day, every night, my kids nobody would go see...They miss her. did a piece for the morning news show. were there every day, every night. Bill BB: She had a personality that every- It kind of evolved. traveled a lot, but we were so close that one appreciated. It was like when you We tried to piece together what hap- he'd call every night. Where were our take out a key member of the commu- pened. And we started to really trace heads when Becky was dying right in nity, and I don't mean to make it more Becky's footsteps and see what obstacles front of our eyes? We didn't even see it. than it is, but our little neighborhood is she ran into. We talked to the people at We knew there was a sadness in her very close-knit. If it had been someone Planned Parenthood, we talked to her eyes, but we were just so wrapped up in else's young child it would have had the friends, we found notes in her purse trying to keep the house going, paying same impact. with phone numbers of abortion clinics the bills, just everyday things. But as On the Issues (OTI): What did she like in Kentucky. It was through all that close as we were to Billy [their son] and to do? that we found out what we know today. Becky, we didn't see. Except looking KB: Animals were her big love. She All along, we've felt right and proper back, the sadness in her eyes. Every brought home strays. She volunteered about speaking out; we know our day we'd say "I love you." That's the last at the Humane Society. She loved speaking out can make a difference. It thing that was said to Becky, and she horses. already has. We really appreciate what said, "I love you, Mom and Dad." BB: She was very interested in causes. you and other people in this movement And a lot of people say, well you must A lot of young people today don't have a are doing. We need to get to the other not have talked to your kids and showed cause to commit themselves to. And she Bill Bells and Karen Bells out in rural them a lot of affection. We did every liked to write. One poem is engraved on America, who are unaware of the pun- day. her tombstone, on the back of the angel. ishing laws about parental consent. But BB: Still do. Billy Bell, 21 years old, will KB: She'd write you a love poem, and also unaware of a lot of other injustices not hesitate to say, "I love you, Mom" or then when she was sad she'd write sad that are going on.. .Injustices for women "I love you, Dad" in front of his friends. poems and stick them under the door.... as a whole, many areas which we weren't That's just the way we are. Very de- Becky never got a whipping. Our boy cognizant of.

12 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 KB: I feel like my whole family's been mother. What person would? The re- raped. I feel like I've been ripped open. Don't take sponsibility we have to friends and I feel like I've had my head in a hole for family — some of these people looking years. But I was happy. I would rather at this issue overlook the pressure when be what I was, and really not know for granted your you're in a family that has 15-16 grand- anything, and live my life that was children and not a one of them has had perfect, with no problems. I didn't even a real problem, and you don't want to be know what the word abortion was. I kids will come the one to screw up. I think the pres- knew what an abortion was, but I didn't sures she faced there are equally the have any reason to be talking about same if she was raised with an alcoholic abortion because I'd had my children, to you father who beat her mother and feared whom I loved, and married the man I she'd get beaten if she went home, or loved. My little girl and son both wanted any other sort of dysfunctional home. big families. Why would I talk about home so that Becky's not alone in that We unconsciously put pressures on abortion? My mom had us, and my cemetery." She said "I want on my Becky. She was a good girl, she was a grandma had 12. And we never talked gravestone, 'the matriarch of the fam- joy. Her friend Heather cited the con- about abortion, prochoice; we talked ily,' and I want to be with my great versation she had; Becky said she did about fun things, family things. And granddaughter." not want to disappoint her mom and nothing would ever happen to us be- BB: She is very supportive, as is Karen's dad. I know my daughter's thinking. cause I was home and took care of my family. My family is very conservative, We have it in her handwriting, a note kids. I lived right. I trusted our Presi- and I love them dearly, but they don't written shortly before she died, that we dent, who I'm very disappointed with. talk about it...They really don't believe didn't find until about a year after she And I always went out and voted and in abortion. We really don't believe in it died. was the perfect person. And now — the either, but how can you deny others if KB: She said, "I don't want to lose you word "rape." That's what I feel has that's what they want? and Dad, too," after the boy threw her happened to me. I don't feel like I used OTI: You've said that Becky didn't tell over... to at all, and I never will again. you because she was afraid she would When we got married, Bill said, "I If I could help other children, and I "disappoint" you. want you to be home and raise our did, then why couldn't I help my own? KB: I know what I would feel like. I children." But that's what I wanted to She told me everything. But I know would not tell my mom and dad. I'd do, my choice. I had worked for years why she didn't tell me because she rather be dead than disappoint them and had Billy, and I wanted to stay thought I wouldn't want her anymore. because I love them so much. Becky and home and be free. That's what I wanted The boy threw her over. He didn't want I had talked about sex. Just a little. And in life, to be a mom and stay home. I her. He said get the hell out of my life. I said, "Becky, if you find yourself where didn't want to go to work every day. And she did, forever...I feel betrayed by you ever want to have sex, please take BB: Our mutual feeling was the two the people I trusted. I trusted that boy care of yourself, with pills or some- kids came first; they were the most with my daughter. He was a friend of thing. Please protect yourself." She said, important priority in our life, and we my son. She dated him for six or seven "Mommy, you're embarrassing me." I didn't want someone else raising months. His mother and father are up- said, "Okay, but remember. Just take them...Success has never meant money standing citizens in the community. care of yourself." to me, but I've been a very successful OTI: What was the response of others in Everybody called her an angel. Ev- person because I have many, many your family; what do they think about erybody looked up to her. All the friends. I say I've been successful; we've what you're doing? neighbor kids were told, "Be like Becky been successful. We've also been suc- KB: Total support. Mom's almost an Bell." That would have been the shock. cessful in that we just celebrated 22 activist now. She's out canvassing all If she'd had to come and say, "Mom, I've years of marriage, and it's growing the neighbors, talking to people. She had sex with this guy, we've been going stronger... said, "y°u know, I've never felt like this together and I'm in love. I'm pregnant, If there's such a thing as a legacy before, but I'm so mad that I've got to do and now I want an abortion." I think we of Becky Bell, it will be that had she this, I've got to talk to these oldsters." would have flipped out at the time; I lived she would have helped others. But And she said it's amazing, "just give me know I would have. I would have said, in death, that caring, loving Becky Bell 15 minutes with them..." "You've ruined your reputation and your is still going to help many people. It's BB: Karen's grandmother is 97, and she chance for anything, Becky, and I told kind of ironic, because I can see Becky could die any day now, but she's been you to take care of yourself." And I working as an intern for a feminist very helpful, very supportive. would have been mad and so would her organization, committed and out front, KB: And she said, "Why didn't some- dad. And she knew it...But we would marching and all. And if it wasn't this body help me when I had all those have done anything in the world, any- issue it would be another issue that babies?" She said, "I love them, but why thing she would have wanted. Abortion, would help people... didn't somebody help me?" She said adoption, keep the baby. We wouldn't She did have a mind of her own. She "All we did, Grandpa and I just went to have been real happy with some of the was encouraged to reason and think for bed, and there was nothing." And, she decisions, but it would have been her herself...The letter we found says "I've said, there was another baby every two choice, her decision. And not what got to do this myself." She was a strong- years, every two years, every two years. Mommy and Daddy wanted. willed young person. "Why, why didn't somebody help me?" BB: There are pressures of all kinds on KB: I'd say "It's all right, dear," about Grandma said, "Karen, I don't have any young people, young men as well as something, and she'd go, "Oh, Mom, money, and I've loved you all my life young women. It's fair to say that Becky you're so fake." and I've loved my Becky." She lives in didn't want to tarnish her image. She BB: Most of her real close friends did California, and she said, "When I die was embarrassed. Hell, I'm 47 years I'm going to have my body sent back old; I still don't want to disappoint my continued on pg 37

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 13 GUAM Territory in Turmoil

By Amy Goodman

he walked into the governor's would suffer "irreparable harm." women. office wearing a Halloween mask, In fact, it was Dr. William Griley, But difference is not something the a purple wig, a floor-length red president of the Society of OB-GYNs daughter relishes. Like most Guama- velvet cape and army fatigues. who first approached Anita Arriola to nians, the Arriolas are Chamorro, the She was in disguise and she was ask her to take the case. It was Friday name of the island's indigenous people scared. Her lawyer had tried to morning, March 9, 1990, the day after and language. The community is ex- Sallay her fears the night before. But the the legislature had passed the law. "I tremely close-knit and blood runs thick. setting hadn't helped. They'd met in a remember it perfectly," says the 32-year- If your neighbor isn't your aunt, she's dark back alley outside of town, hope- old lawyer. "He walked into my office, probably your cousin once removed. fully not a symbol of things to come. The took one look at me and said, "You know Confrontation is not the Chamorro way. governor had just signed a law banning I've been referred to you because every- "There's a price to be paid. I've never abortion and she was pregnant and one says you're the only lawyer who can been so lonely in my whole life since shouldn't have a baby. She had a medi- take this case on Guam because you taking on this case." Arriola called a cal condition which required her to take have all this experience in this type of friend in San Francisco where she had steroids, which would jeopardize the law, but I also understand that your worked with a public interest law firm health of the fetus. And now she would mother is the senator who introduced for six years before returning to her have to tell her story to the governor's the bill.' I said, 'Yes that's true on both island in 1988. "I said, 'What am I going attorneys, some of whom she knew be- points.' Then I sat him down, discussed to do? This is the most terrible dilemma cause Guam is a tiny island. my experience and talked about the re- I've ever had.' I decided to take it on But it is also a U.S. territory, which percussions of the law." when my friend asked me one question: means her right to privacy is protected As for the other point, she clearly 'If this were any place other than Guam, under the U.S. constitution. Or so ev- doesn't like to talk about it. "I have been would you take it on?' I said, 'No ques- eryone thought, until the governor's asked this question a lot and I always tion.'" attorneys went into court and argued pause because it's difficult to answer it. And the wheels began turning. On that the right to privacy does not ex- I love my mother very much. I think she Monday, Arriola faxed the law to Janet tend to Guam. has the same feelings for me and we Benshoof, a New York attorney who The young woman agreed to be the respect each other greatly. On this issue heads the American Civil Liberties lead plaintiff in a lawsuit challenging we disagree. We have basically decided Union Reproductive Freedom Project. the new abortion ban long enough to get she has done her job in the legislative She told her nothing had happened a temporary restraining order against arena and I'm now doing my job in the since the law was passed so Benshoof the law, but it was soon clear she would legal arena." asked if she should come to Guam. Ar- not be able to keep her identity secret. The young attorney smiles. "There's a riola hesitated. What would it look like Already doctors in town could figure it sort of saying, O.O.G., Only on Guam, for an outsider to come to the island? out based on her condition and who had basically referring to the fact that this One of eight children, Anita Arriola come into the office seeking an abortion could only happen on Guam. But the immediately phoned her sister, an ad- within days after the ban was passed. difference of opinion between my mother ministrative assistant to another But while her pulling out made head- and me is not so much important for the senator who had voted for the abortion lines in the Pacific Daily News — case as it is important to illustrate the ban. "Lisa said yes, Janet should come "MARIA DOE WITHDRAWS AS A fact that even among Catholic families, out, but it should be a media event. She PLAINTIFF" — it did not end the law- even in one single Catholic family, we should give a speech." And a media suit. Attorney Anita Arriola simply can have a difference of opinion about event it was. Benshoof flew out two changed the lead plaintiff to the Guam when life begins or whether the right to days later. Society of Obstetricians and Gynecolo- decide whether a woman should termi- The day the legislature unanimously gists, representing all the women who nate her pregnancy should apply to all passed the law 21-0, the Archbishop

14 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 COUNT ME IN. Here is my subscription to ON THE ISSUES. I have checked the appropriate box below You may be a Please Check One Box: Q Renewal Q First-time first time reader, NAME but don't let this be ADDRESS your last issue! CITY STATE ZIP SEND NO MONEY NOW Q Bill Me Later • My Check is Enclosed • 2 Years (8 issues), $17 • Institutional Rate: 2 Years, $28 • 1 Year (4 issues), $9.50 Q Institutional Rate: 1 Year, $16 [Canadian subscribers add $5: Overseas subscribers ad $15 per year] I want to help defray expenses: Q $15 • $25 a Other Please attach your mailing label Send to: ON THE ISSUES when returning this card P.O. Box 3000, Dept. OTI Denville, NJ 07834

I WANT TO BE INVOLVED. Here is my subscription to ON THE ISSUES. I have checked the appropriate box below Please Check One Box: Q Renewal Q First-time

NAME

ADDRESS

CITY STATE ZIP SEND NO MONEY NOW Q Bill Me Later Q My Check is Enclosed • 2 Years (8 issues), $17 • Institutional Rate: 2 Years, $28 • 1 Year (4 issues), $9.50 • Institutional Rate: 1 Year, $16 [Canadian subscribers add $5: Overseas subscribers ad $15 per year] I want to help defray expenses: • $15 Q $25 • Other Please attach your mailing label Send to: ON THE ISSUES when returning this card P.O. Box 3000, Dept. OTI Denville, NJ 07834 ON THE ISSUES is the maga- zine that doesn't rehash what INCLUDE ME, TOO. Here is my subscription to ON you've read in Time and seen on THE ISSUES. I have checked the appropriate box below the evening news. Please Check One Box: Q Renewal • First-time

Instead, we consistently bring NAME you insightful and controversial points of view from some of the ADDRESS world's most thought-provoking CITY STATE ZIP writers and activists. You will SEND NO MONEY NOW not receive another issue if Q Bill Me Later Q My Check is Enclosed • 2 Years (8 issues), $17 • Institutional Rate: 2 Years, $28 you don't act today. Make a • 1 Year (4 issues), $9.50 • Institutional Rate: 1 Year, $16 modest investment toward your [Canadian subscribers add $5: right to be informed without Overseas subscribers ad $15 per year] mainstream media censorship. I want to help defray expenses: • $15 • $25 • Other Please attach your mailing label Send to: ON THE ISSUES when returning this card P.O. Box 3000, Dept. OTI Denville, NJ 07834 NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 272 DENVILLE, NJ s POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE u ON THE ISSUES Subscription Services B P.O. Box 3000, Dept OTI Denville, N.J. 07834 S C

NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED I IN THE UNITED STATES B BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 272 DENVILLE, NJ POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE E

ON THE ISSUES Subscription Services P.O. Box 3000, Dept OTI T Denville, NJ. 07834 O

NO POSTAGE NECESSARY ISShBES IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL NOW, FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 272 DENVILLE, NJ and we POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE will bill ON THE ISSUES Subscription Services you later. P.O. Box 3000, Dept OTI Denville, NJ. 07834 was sitting in the balcony overlooking March 23, Federal Judge Alex Munson Japanese, and then the United States the senate floor. At the time, a local granted a temporary restraining order once again. In the past few years, Gua- reporter quoted him as saying he would against the abortion ban. And on Au- manians have formally asked the U.S. excommunicate anyone who voted gust 23, he made the injunction per- Congress to change their status from against the ban. There was little de- manent, ruling that the right to privacy territory to commonwealth, thus giving bate on the floor. The democratic leg- has to extend to Guam. them more autonomy over their own islators had met in caucus, added "It was a slamdunker. It was so bla- affairs, but with the signing of the amendments, and agreed there would tantly unconstitutional in every re- abortion ban, some key congressmem- be no debate on the floor. Senator spect," says Judge Munson, explaining bers who backed commonwealth have Arriola's bill was an outright ban on his decision a week after he handed it withdrawn their support for the new abortion except if the pregnancy posed down. Sitting in his court chambers on status. a serious health threat to the woman. The aspect of the law that particularly There were no exceptions for rape or angered critics was the clause criminal- incest. The last-minute amendments The senator's izing any mention of abortion between required a second medical opinion and doctors and their patients. When I asked a medical review panel to approve the the governor about the clause, he clearly abortion if the woman's life was in bill was an out- did not want to discuss it. danger. And a solicitation clause was "There is no problem with respect to added which criminalized abortion right ban on freedom of speech." counseling and referrals. As a U.S. ter- "Do you think if the law is upheld and ritory, Guam had passed the strictest abortion a doctor says to a woman, 'I can't per- abortion law in the country. form an abortion here on Guam, but you Anita Arriola watched the vote from a can go to this place in Hawaii to have an closed circuit TV-in her sister's office. Guam's neighboring island of Saipan, abortion,' that the doctor should be ar- Arriola called her cousin, Lou Leon- the silver-haired Reagan-appointee is rested for saying that?" Guerrero, the former president of the chief justice of the U.S. District Court. The governor paused, looked at his Guam Nurses Association. Lou is from Did he consider severing those aspects watch, got out of his chair and walked to a powerful family on the island; her of the law he deemed unconstitutional, the door. "I gotta go." father owns the Bank of Guam. She but saving the rest? "Nothing would And with that, he ended the inter- was upset. "Afterwards, I asked a lot of have been left." If every aspect of the view. senators why they signed the bill. law flew in the face of the constitution, And where would women go if abor- They're friends of mine and they said, why didn't he throw it out immediately tion was banned on Guam, either if the 'Lou, what do you think you would do if as frivolous? "Because this is such an law is upheld on appeal or, as Senator you were sitting there and you had the emotional, personal issue. Just because Arriola promises, abortion becomes Archbishop looking down at you and he it's blatantly unconstitutional, it doesn't more restricted through another law? knows your mom and dad?' It's almost mean it's frivolous to protect what they "There will be a bloodbath," says Dr. like their principles were compromised consider to be unborn babies." And what William Freeman, an obstetrician-gy- because of the threat of excommunica- if such a bill were passed again? Would necologist who works at the Women's tion. To me, that's not democracy, it's he consider throwing it out immedi- Clinic, a few minutes drive from the rule by fear." And that made Lou Leon- ately? "If the legislature passed a bill in courthouse. He had just been to a lun- Guerrero angry. She started making the future that was almost the cheon meeting of People for Choice. calls. same...there's a better argument to "You know, throughout history where But Chamorros were not the only ones deem it frivolous." abortions are by statute illegal, for in- beginning to mobilize. Non-native Senator Elizabeth Arriola expected stance Ireland or the Philippines, there Guam residents like Carol O'Donnell, a this reaction. "I knew if he went accord- are always many more abortions done former cloistered Carmelite nun from ing to Roe v. Wade, he would rule this in those countries because the women California, were getting in on the act. way." One of the issues the judge ad- there also don't have access to good In fact, when Janet Benshoof arrived dressed in his decision was the separa- birth control programs." on Guam and met with prochoice activ- tion of church and state, otherwise If this ban on abortion is upheld on ists, there wasn't a Chamorro in the known as the establishment clause of appeal, would he continue doing abor- room. It was March 19. That afternoon, the constitution. In his opinion, he tions? "No, not if it's considered a Governor Joseph F. Ada signed the bill. quotes Senator Arriola's statement that criminal act. I'm not willing to get my- The law was effective immediately and "Guam is a Christian community." self thrown in jail to do 'em. But I'm sure the seven doctors who perform abortions When asked to comment on this, the we will end up having to take care of the on the island all cancelled their ap- senator seems nonplussed. "But Guam complications of illegal abortions." pointments. The next day, Janet is a Christian community. There are no It is not only native Guamanians and Benshoof gave a speech before the Guam pagans, or hardly any pagans, here on women from the surrounding islands Press Association. In it, she held up Guam. You can go anywhere in Guam. like Saipan (a U.S. commonwealth that Hawaii's yellow pages and read out the If they're not Catholic, they have some amended its constitution several years phone numbers of Planned Parenthood kind of Christian belief. That's the ago to forbid abortion) who rely on Guam clinics to let women know where they strength of Guam. You can't take that as one of the only islands in Micronesia could go to get an abortion. She was the away from the people here. Otherwise where abortion is safe and legal. Of the first and last person to be charged un- they're not Guamanians, they're not 130,000 inhabitants of Guam, about der the solicitation clause of the new Chamorros, they're something else." 30,000 are U.S. military personnel. abortion law. It is this issue of what is Chamorro While there is a naval hospital on the As Anita Arriola was preparing that underlies much of the debate. In island that provides for all of their health Benshoof s defense, she was also pre- the past century, Guam has been occu- paring her case against the law. On pied by the Spanish, the U.S. Navy, the continued on pg 37

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 15 J LIVING WITHOUT CHOICES Story and Photographs by Helen M. Stummer riving along the main highway that links suburbanites with downtown Newark, the Newark airport, and New York City, I am very apprehensive about where I am going. I continue doing my deep breathing exercises and repeat that if you don't take risks, you will never do anything meaningful. As I turn off the highway where the view is mostly neat buildings, grass and trees and go down the ramp, I am immediately immersed in a world that is burned out, worn out, and thrown out. The people who live here call it the ghetto. Even though I have been docu- menting these areas for the past 15 fc^ years, it is always a severe shock to see both the devastation and the people, some of whom look as though they are walking through Dante's Inferno. To say the least, it is continually frus- up — those people don't take care of to scramble for it." trating to witness the consequences of anything — they got no pride.'" As I knock on Robert's door, I notice decisions made by the powers that be. As I sit in the car thinking about this that, after all these years, there is still As I pass one burned-out building after area, my ears are blasted with the con- no doorknob. "A doorknob is a big ex- another, one vacant lot after another stant sound of fire and police sirens. pense when you're worried about food where burned-out buildings have been They compete with blaring radios and on the table," he told me. "The landlord demolished — everything looks broken. ice-cream truck music. It feels like a war says that he will reimburse us if we buy I think about the homeless, the four or zone. But the reality of past experiences one, but he never will. Mostly he says, five million people living on the streets. waters down my fear of being in imme- if we don't like it here, just move." Each time, I cannot help but question diate danger. In truth, I have usually Waiting for someone to answer my why these buildings are vacant when so found people who care, people who try to knock, I begin to feel uncomfortable. many people need homes. I can feel my help me because they say nobody comes The hall is dark and grimy. In fact, on anger rising — mixed with my fear of the upper floors, in order to see where being in this environment. As I stop for the lock is, the tenants have to use a a red light I look at the photographs on This is a place cigarette lighter. It seems that the drug the seat next to me, photographs that I dealers removed the light bulbs so they had made the previous week. The im- where they call can mug and deal with ease. Through- ages make me feel more secure, as my out the building, I hear the echoing imagination conjures up a confronta- sounds of hollering, yelling, crying and tion. Suppose someone tries to stop me the rats "rabbits" door slamming. As my fear mounts, I or break into my car? I hope I can try to fill myself with a sense of confi- distract them by not only talking about dence. Joan and Robert have told me the work I am doing, but also by show- because they many times that I have nothing to worry ing them the pictures. Actually, this about, that I am one of them. But I have technique worked when I was docu- a hard time trusting, especially since menting East Sixth Street, on the Lower are so big they are the only "original" family left East Side of Manhattan. A man was in this building. Everyone I was in- looking at me in "that" way. Instead of into this area to help them or to show volved with in the past seven years has leaving, I went up to him and asked him others what it is like to live in these moved out, been evicted or died. It also if he knew any of the people in the places. These are places where they must seems that most of the people who have photographs I had in hand. His atten- use umbrellas in their apartments when moved in don't stay very long. tion diverted, I asked him if he would it rains; places where they call the rats As Joan opens the door she tells me like me to take his picture and told him "rabbits" because they are so big; where that I need to knock louder and I tell I would return the following week with lack of heat and hot water are common- her I always knock in a quiet way, but the results. He was very cooperative place, but where there is never a lack of I'll try harder next time. Inside the and appreciative; so was I. rent increases. Places where decent three-room apartment, it is always But, as I continue into the Central people are trying to bring up their wonderful; wonderful in the sense that Ward, some of my apprehension is di- families while surrounded by criminals I am so well received. They are so glad minished because I am looking forward and others who are only concerned with to see me and I am so very glad to see to seeing Robert and Joan. As I pull up exploiting them. A kinder, gentler them. In order to get to the kitchen, I I wonder if it isn't a false sense of America certainly would be welcome have to walk through the narrow space security that I feel. Their building is here. between the mattresses on the floor surrounded by vacant lots and garbage. As I get out of my car, five-year-old where the children sleep. The only light Each time I visit, something seems Philip comes running toward me yell- comes from a window on my left, which changed. I recall how three months ago ing, "Miss Helen! Miss Helen!" We hug is covered with plastic to keep the cold the ground had been broken a block and kiss. It makes walking through the out from November to May. Other than away for a shopping mall. A shopping crowd of people around the doorway a that, there is a single bare light bulb mall! The residents couldn't believe it. lot easier. Some say, "Will you take a hanging in the kitchen, surrounded by "Of all the things we don't need, it's a picture of me and my children?" Often fly tape, and the light coming from the mall so our children can see firsthand that takes anywhere from a few min- tiny television set. Besides the parents what they can't have," some told me. utes to half an hour. Then I go past the and their three children, the two rooms Then, a few weeks ago, there was an- mailboxes. Most are open — only a few are filled with neighborhood children, other rash of fires — a baby and a have locks on them. But the mail carrier visiting relatives and children Joan is woman died — and five more buildings has not put the mail in the boxes for babysitting. are scarred and empty. "Now," the years. This is one of the reasons why On this cold and dreary day, when residents tell me, "we understand. These people hang around. They need to be their visitors leave, I ask Robert about two streets are going to be a freeway. there when the carrier comes. Like Joan his life. "I was the only one to graduate Little by little, one house after another said, "If the mail carrier calls out Mary high school, out of the six kids. I always has been burned down and it looks real Smith and I say, 'I'm Mary Smith,' or I wanted to do better for myself. I got my bad. The suburbia folks drive this way say, 'I'll give it to her,' he will give me first job through my father when I was every day from the highway to get to her check. 16, working on a garbage truck. School work downtown. When enough of these "That happened to me twice. My check and working is what I did. After school 'suspicious fires' have taken place, then came back cashed with not my signa- I worked, and then I did my homework. the city will level the rest, widen the ture on it. I don't know how they do that, I loved to dance. There was a Victoria road and build townhouses for the but they do. So we're out there. Also, the middle class — the mall will already be carrier will give all the mail to the Su- Philip and his friend Ray play in here for them. And what will they say? per, and if he has a 'bug on,' he will the apartment across the hall. 'It's about time this place was cleaned throw it all on the floor and we all have They want te be doctors someday.

18 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990

• 20 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 program at Montgomery School that interesting how I learned the differences had a free dancing program. They between metals: In a class at Montgom- wanted my mother to sign papers so I ery school and on the garbage truck." could go to other schools but she Joan said, "Now our five-year-old son wouldn't, because they depended on me knows about the different metals. He to help provide for the family. My father knows copper and aluminum. We'll be was working, but he was drinking a lot. walking along going someplace and I stayed in that program for six years he'll spot something, pick it up and say doing the Freestyle, the Hustler, Afri- 'we're taking this home for Dad.' We can dances and ballet. I won scholar- hope our son doesn't let the ghetto get ships for dancing. In fact, I won the him down. He wants to be a doctor. Best Dancer of all the Newark schools. "I'm going to get my G.E.D.," Joan I stopped at 19.1 got involved in street continues. "The courses are free, from life. I started drinking." 3:30 to 5:30, three days a week. I really While Robert breaks up fights between the children, answers the door and promises Joan he will pick up the clothes A doorknob at the laundromat as soon as he is done with me, I keep my eye on that place under the sink where a rat is. The is a big expense family has told me about Robert swing- ing a baseball bat at it. Instead of run- when you're ning, they said, it stood on its hind legs, just as tough and brazen as you can imagine. "I heard they were rounding worried about food up rats for the Bronx Zoo," said Joan. "I saw it on the news. They got a section over at the zoo for rats. They're gonna on the table try and show people they're friendly and not really creatures they should be like it. I thought I was too old to go back afraid of. So I want them to know I got to school but, at 29, I am the youngest bigger ones right here in my backyard woman in the class. There are 12 others, and in my kitchen. If they lookin' for the one is 59. They talk about how happy mamas and papas of those they got in they are that they finallygo t their chance the zoo — I got 'em. They ain't even to go back to school. I love the homework. gotta pay for 'em. Just come with a net I do the whole book and ask for more. and get 'em. They can have 'em free." The class time is perfect because I pick Robert comes back to the kitchen table the children up after school at three and and sits down. Settled again, he con- I have everything ready for their dinner tinues. "Every job I get always goes just so they can eat when they want. Robert so far and something happens — some is home now so he watches them. When kind of an excuse to get rid of me. It's he starts to work again, the woman up- been 10 years, but they won't stop me. stairs told me she will watch them for After the garbage truck job, I worked in me." the recycling places in Newark. I never As Joan goes to do something for the got any benefits and every week for the children and I wait for Robert to return entire year, my paycheck always came from the laundromat, I realize how cold up short. I explained it to my foreman, it is in the apartment. The only heat but he never translated the message to comes from the oven and the gas jets. the big boss. I had to deal with it because Many times Joan complained about the I had a wife and children that depended lack of heat, how the heat is included in on me. One day I spoke up to the big their rent, but that they have to keep the boss. I told him how I worked 40 hours stove going when there isn't any. High and was only paid for 30 or 29 or 28. One gas bills are a continuous worry. It always time I even worked 10 hours overtime amazes me how fast the fallen ceilings and my week's check was $7.35. They are fixed or heat is restored when made me wait for the rest of my pay for someone with "credentials" makes a two weeks. In front of the big boss, the complaint. Robert and Joan's calls to the foreman struck me and I struck him authorities seem to be futile, but when I back and was fired. called the heating inspector, they "I went from one recycling place to rounded up the landlord in a matter of another — they paid under the table. If hours. A short time after that, the boiler you miss one of the six days that they was miraculously working. Another time expect you to work, they say, Tou're I saw a skylight that had been broken by fired. Go home and call me back.' It's fire fighters. Even though the fire was six months earlier the large opening re- Victims of a suspicious fire view mained. Each time it rained or snowed, the ruins of their home. the entire building was inundated. The

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 21 tenants had constantly complained to In the ghetto: A child's eyevlew court date. the landlord and housing inspectors, o# his backyard. "In the meantime I'm out of work. I but two days after I photographed the can't get another job until I clear my hanging glass, it was fixed. I shake my new schedule. Sometimes it's 35 hours, name. So I'm right back picking up cans head at these injustices as I watch the sometimes 27. If they let me, I would and taking them to the recycling place. constant parade of roaches on the walls, work 60 hours. I'm not drinking. But I feel cheated — the floors, everywhere. I think about "After a month-and-a-half, I was on a and used. When there was no one there how the people have given up trying trial period for becoming the night su- to work, I came in and worked for them to eliminate them. "It's useless," they pervisor for the deli. They told me of all and now they can't take my word. They said. "We can spend the whole day the other guys, I was the only worker also fired my co-worker because she swapping and stomping and they're they could count on. stood up for me. I would love to know still here. We don't have money for the "Then one day I went to work and what happened to her." store-bought stuff." found out that someone accused me of "My fear," said Joan, as Robert left While Joan was folding the clean stealing six bags of Pampers. The store the room, "is that he will go back to laundry, Robert continues with his called the cops and had me arrested. drinking." story. "I stopped drinking almost a year Some old drunk who was hired to sweep On April 3rd, it was cold and raining. now. After that, I enrolled in a six- the walks said he's not sure, but I look I had agreed to meet Robert at 9 a.m. in month government course that paid like the guy. The cops came and put the courthouse, in case he needed a me $200 a week (no benefits) to learn handcuffs on me — took me to the Pre- character witness. how to demolish buildings. I got the cinct. They checked me and found out I Robert met me as I walked into the highest evaluations. After six months, had a clean record. They fingerprinted building. "My name was not called on they make you wait another three be- me. It was six hours before they released the role," he said, "so I had to go to the fore they give you the certificate to get me. They gave me a court date for the third floor to the public defender's of- a job in that field. I had to look for theft charge. They fired me and I'm now fice. He said to go down to 212. At 212, something else because people are de- barred from the store. he said to go to that window. At that pending on me. "Three days later I talked to the secu- window I told the clerk my name and it "So I applied for a job at the mall that rity guard and he told me he caught the came up in the computer — the charge just opened in my neighborhood. They guys who stole the Pampers. I asked came up, receiving stolen goods. Since gave me a position in the deli depart- him why they are still pressing charges they changed the charge from stealing ment, cutting meats and making against me. He said, 'because the drunk goods to receiving stolen goods, they sandwiches. The market makes you said he seen you.' changed my public defender. The one I wait six months before you are allowed "I went to my court arraignment on had only deals with stealing goods, not into the union, then another three February 7 and pled not guilty. I filed receiving stolen goods. Don't ask me the months before you begin to receive for a public defender. The judge set difference. The clerk said my court date benefits — nothing is guaranteed dur- the court date for April 3rd. The public was changed to April 30. Everything for ing that time. The hours you work are defender told me that I wasn't allowed always different; each week they post a to talk to him until a week before the continued on pg 38

22 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 On Donor Babies Parents are presented with moral and ethical dilemmas that are all but irresolvable

By Barbara Katz Rothman

o now there's a need for baby parts. why we are choosing to have one. were not an issue, they would have Imagine that. I personally have given up by now on some good reasons for making another Another miracle of modern sci- trying to figure out what a good reason, baby. Of course, no child is, or could be, ence. It seems that transplants of a morally satisfying reason, would be to a replacement for any other child, but the bone marrow of a sibling can have a child. It can't be for the sake of the fact is, if their only child dies, it's sometimes be the only real hope the child — unless you believe, as I hard to blame them for wanting to Sfor children otherwise dying of leuke- cannot, that there is a cluster of souls continue to be parents, for wanting to mia and some other cancers. hovering, waiting for us to create bod- have another child to raise. Even if this It starts off simple. A family has a few ies-as-housing-units. And if it is for any child turns out not to be a suitable children, one is dying, another proves purpose in this world, if there is a goal donor, sad as that would be, this baby is compatible and volunteers — or, as in for this child-to-be, then inevitably one not a pointless, wasted object in the the case of very young children and is opening the door to failure, to disap- world. The parents have said they want babies, is volunteered — has a proce- pointment, to interfering with this per- a child as a child, not just as a donor, dure done that is rather messy, un- son, when it gets to be a person, choosing will raise it with love no matter what pleasant, painful, but not very risky as her or his own destiny. Take the classic its bone marrow compatiblity. such things go and the dying sibling patriarchal reason for having a child, to Somewhere, the newspapers tell us, recovers. A narrow escape, much joy, "carry on a family name." Girls are there was a family that followed an- probably some tension, but certainly always more-or-less failures then. And other scenario: Used the baby as a much gratitude enters into the sibling boys? What if, gay or straight, he chooses marrow donor and then gave it up for relationship. Life goes on. not to have children? Or what if the adoption. A real story? Apocryphal? It It gets less simple. A family has only parent wants more generally to con- certainly taps into fears we have about one child, one dying offspring. A teen- tinue some plan, some culture, some selfish parents, rejecting parents, par- ager, too old not to understand just life force? What if that is not the plan or ents who use their children. what is happening. So the parents, a culture or life force the child will choose? These things always start out rela- mother no longer really young, but not All of the reasons for having a child tively simple and end up getting more so very old either, gets pregnant to try are in some way selfish, and virtually and more complicated. Latest newspa- to create a donor. The parents under- all of the reasons can in some other way per stories: Now it is "half siblings." A stand the risks: The risks of the later be met — and in a way that might, in a man has a child dying of leukemia, the pregnancy; the risks that the child totally pure moral calculus, be prefer- need for a donor is urgent. And he has conceived for this purpose won't accom- able. Have a lot of love to give? There other children: Three-year-old twins, plish the purpose of its conception: Only are surely already in this world plenty with another mother. He doesn't have one in four sibs will be a suitable donor. of people, including children, needful of custody of these children — he cannot It's a long shot. And time is short. that love. Want to raise a child who will make decisions for them. He is not their And now the ethicists chime in, ask- contribute to the world in some way? caretaker or prime parent. ing if this is a suitable and appropriate The energy it takes to raise a child Who knows just what his relationship reason to conceive a child at all. Even in could be put directly into contributing. with these children is? The papers tell the face of all this tragedy and worry, All in all, I can't figure out a good reason us he was not married to or living with some of us have to stifle an urge to to have a baby, yet I know that it can be their mother, he does not live with the chuckle. Weren't these guys (or their a very good thing to do. children. Maybe he is a devoted father, counterparts) not all that long ago all Anyway, here's a family with their maybe he isn't. He wants, he needs worked up over the ethics, the morality, dying teenager and their growing their bone marrow, if it is compatible. the theological challenges, of women pregnancy. In my opinion, they have a He's fighting to get the compatibility choosing not to have children? Now we better reason than most for making a have to explain to their satisfaction new baby. Even if this transplant thing continued on pg 39

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 23 sk Ruth Caplan what individu- als can do to protect the environ- ment and her eyes light up, her hands begin to move and she starts to speak very rapidly. A"People are less likely today to think there will be a technological savior," says the 50-year-old executive director of Environmental Action (EA). "They understand that it'll take a real com- mitment by people to change" the con- O ditions that threaten to destroy the TIME earth. From global warming to rising sea levels, from acid rain to tropical IS rainforest destruction, from polluted air to fouled water, the crisis, she says, must be tackled now. RUNNING Some of the tasks — like the closing of nuclear power plants, the cessation of OUT chemical warfare and nuclear testing, and the regulation of automotive and industrial emissions — are the purview By Eleanor J. Bader of government. Although we can prod lawmakers to be environmentally con- scious, and can protest their intransi- gence, government cooperation will ul- timately be required. On the other hand, individuals can do a number of things to render our world cleaner, safer and healthier. "When you buy things, don't buy disposable prod- ucts," says Caplan. "For instance, you are using a disposable pen instead of a fountain pen. Use non-disposable ra- zors. Ask everyone to give you a month of diaper service as your baby present. A lot of stores sell in bulk, so buy the largest size so you have fewer contain- ers to throw away. Think about how you get from place to place. Can you walk, ride a bike, or organize a carpool with friends? Each small thing you do, when many, many people do them, adds up." Take the town of West Orange, NJ as an example. According to Caplan, stu- dents and teachers from two local schools organized to protest the use of disposable, styrofoam trays in their school cafeterias. Although the school board had voted to use plastic because it cost fivecent s apiece less than paper, the student-teacher coalitions pushed the board to let the students decide, for themselves, which they preferred. In a week-long test of the two types of trays, students had a choice: Use foam trays for free or pay an extra nickel for paper. Eighty-six percent of the junior high and 72 percent of the high school stu- dents chose the latter. Not surprisingly, the board switched to paper supplies. The following year, after more pressure from students and faculty, the board switched again, this time to washable dishes and trays. Their conclusion: Not only did the change cut down the amount of cafeteria-generated trash, it was, in the end, far cheaper than using throw-

24 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 aways. could start doing. It was very consis- Caplan is no stranger to grassroots' tent with raising our own food and self- victories. She has been active on envi- sufficiency. You had two movements ronmental issues for nearly 20 years, going on in this period. The back-to- first in Oswego, NY, and now as ex- the-land movement, which we were ecutive director of the Washington, playing at doing since we weren't out in DC-based Environmental Action. the wilderness, and the activists who Founded by the organizers of Earth were coming out of Earth Day. These Day, Environmental Action has for two two movements did not always intersect. decades advocated clean air legislation, I had one foot in the back-to-the-land from tighter tailpipe standards to movement, and had room to place an- reduce smog, to technology-based re- other foot down. At first we thought ductions in toxic emissions. They have we'd work on public transportation, also consistently fought for minimizing since Oswego had no public transit the transportation and handling of whatsoever." high-level radioactive waste, and have But something serendipitious hap- supported laws to protect consumers pened, and Caplan's life was forever from abuse by utility monopolies. Envi- changed by it. "We called this meeting, ronmental Action's Solid Waste Alter- Ruth Caplan, Executive Director and a strawberry fanner from nearby native Project (SWAP) is nationally of Environmental Action. came and said 'I don't know what you recognized for its expertise on waste had planned for tonight, but I have this reduction and recycling. SWAP was wife," she laughs. "But those of us who tape for you to hear.'" The speaker they instrumental in helping activists in didn't identify as faculty wives got in- heard was Dr. Arthur Tamplin, a Minneapolis and St. Paul write the volved in the League." nuclear chemist at the Lawrence nation's most ambitious controls on solid Around this time, in the fall of 1968, Livermore Laboratories. The subject waste creation. As a result, groceries in Caplan realized that there was no place was plutonium, and the tape offered a the Twin Cities now ban non-recyclable in town to buy UNICEF or other pro- detailed description of the dangers packaging from their shelves. In addi- gressive greeting cards or crafts. "The residents faced from the nearby Nine tion, Environmental Action participates townspeople thought UNICEF was Mile Point nuclear power plant. "We in the Energy Conservation Coalition communist," she says. "So a few of my listened very carefully," says Caplan. (ECC) and, along with 18 other orga- friends and I rented a storefront and "And we were never the same nizations, is pushing hard for increased sold cards made by the Fellowship of again...Plutonium has a half life of auto efficiency. ECC, like Environ- Reconciliation and UNICEF, and crafts 24,000 years. It is highly toxic. If it mental Action, also advocates "a crash made by co-ops in Guatemala. There lodges in your lungs, it can cause can- program" to study the use of renewable was literature and coffee. We were open cer. And it is man-made; it does not technologies, like wind and sun. for three months before Christmas. The occur naturally." With a staff of 23, Environmental next summer we went to North Carolina After listening to Tamplin, Caplan Action's offices are bustling, noisy. They and brought back crafts to sell. We did and the other meeting attendees began are a far cry from the cramped living this for a few years, until the store got to seriously study the issue of nuclear rooms and kitchen tables where Caplan to be too successful. People were coming power. "We read everything, the 10 or got her start as an organizer. in to buy nice Christmas presents and 12 of us, from Scientific American, to "We moved to Oswego, NY from Chi- were not staying to look at any of the Science Magazine, everything." Then, cago in August, 1968," Caplan recalls. political stuff." Within several years, after about a year of study, "we saw a "Pete, my husband, got a teaching job at the store was dissolved. notice in the newspaper that the New the State University of New York, so Then, when Earth Day activities were York Power Authority wanted a license after six years in Chicago, we were announced for April 22, 1970, she par- from the Atomic Energy Commission to leaving. Oswego is on the shore of Lake ticipated. "Jonathan was born in Feb- open a second nuclear power plant, Nine Ontario and has about 25,000 people. ruary, 1970. He was on my back, and Mile II. We called a meeting to decide At one time it was the largest city in Becky, who was two, was toddling after what to do, half of us saying 'We can't upstate New York, with a lot of com- me as I picked up bottles and cans on just let this happen,' and the other half merce. But it never grew. It's an area the shore of Lake Ontario. It was an saying 'No, we're scared. We're not ready with very high rural poverty," she con- informal, one-day thing, locally orga- to do this.'" The group split. tinues. "Many of the houses had dirt nized." Calling themselves Ecology Action, floors, and there were frequent kerosene That event concluded, and the card those who chose to fight the plan began fires. Oswego has a river running and craft business closed, Caplan and organizing from the ground up. Between through it, and three hills: Irish, Ital- her friends began looking for a new applying for a "permit to intervene" in ian and Polish. Each has its own parish project to get involved in. "We talked the plan, to attending every hearing on and its own bars. And then there's the about what we wanted to do next, and the matter and demanding both an college. When we first came it was still we were clear — it had to be something environmental impact statement and a the land of the panty raid." to do with the environment. As a group water quality monitoringboard, Caplan Although Caplan had been employed we quit using disposable diapers and and her colleagues got firsthand expe- as an educational evaluator in Chicago, paper napkins. We began to recycle rience in challenging corporate power she did not meet New York state's li- cans and glass. We grew our own food, and dealing with complicated bureau- censing requirements and was forced to made bread. Pete and I were into the cracies. Although they ultimately lost look for other types of work. With a six- concept of communal living, sharing their bid to stop the plant from being month-old baby in tow, she began vol- childcare and a house with another constructed, they won their demand for unteering with the League of Women couple...First of all, working on envi- a water quality monitoring board — Voters. "I could have been a faculty ronmental issues was something we with Dr. Arthur Tamplin as a member.

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 PHOTO: HARLAN NUNN 25 The group then turned its attention For Caplan herself, these were heady two children packed up and moved to to stopping the Rochester Gas and times. Between 1973 and 1975 she pur- Boston. During the two years they lived Electric Company from building coal sued coursework at Syracuse Univer- there, Ruth worked for the Citizen's plants in the area. With help from the sity, graduating with a Master's Degree Watershed Association, organizing lo- Sierra Club, the group was able to in public administration. When Pete got squelch the utility's plan. a sabbatical in 1975, he, Ruth and their continued on pg 40 ENVIRONMENT SAVERS • Use liquid laundry soap — none of Earth Care Paper Products, P.O. Box them contain phosphates. 3335, Madison, WI 53704. Although corporations, governments • Do not use disposable razors, diapers • Use desk lamps instead of overhead and utility companies are the primary or other products. Throwaway diapers lights whenever possible. culprits responsible for polluting the alone require nearly 100,000 tons of • Use laptop computers — instead of planet, individuals, too, can play a role plastic and 800,000 tons of tree pulp per larger ones — and you'll be using 10 to in promoting ecological sanity. The fol- year. In addition, throwaways take ap- 30 percent less energy. lowing list includes measures you can proximately 500 years to decompose. • Carpool to work, or use a bicycle or take at home, at work, at the supermar- And, throwing them in trash landfills, public transportation. ket and at school. experts warn, can lead to serious health At The Supermarket crises because flies and other insects • Whenever possible, buy returnable At Home drawn to them can spread viruses. Dr. bottles and cans. Also, buy products • Heating one home with oil for one Jonas Salk, developer of the oral polio that can be recycled — and recycle them. year creates an average of 6.5 tons of vaccine, has warned that a vaccinated • Buy waxed paper instead of plastic carbon dioxide, the primary cause of infant can eliminate a live polio virus wrap; buy glass casseroles with lids and global warming. You could use 50 for several weeks; that virus may sur- use them instead of microwave wrap. percent less oil — and generate that vive to contaminate water supplies and Avoid excessive packaging. Buy bar soap much less CO2 — by weatherizing your landfills. Cloth diapers, on the other that comes wrapped in paper, rather house: Caulking doors and windows, hand, can be used from 80 - 200 times than liquid soap in plastic bottles. Slice insulating windows with thick curtains and do not pollute. your own cheese, rather than buying to cut heat loss, installing storm win- Cleaning the Environmental Way individually wrapped slices. Buy fresh dows and doors, and putting insulation • Avoid unnecessary use of toxic house- produce and bag it yourself, instead of in exterior walls, the attic floor, the top hold cleansers. Instead, substitute the food that's prepackaged in cans, card- floor ceiling and any crawl spaces. following non-toxic ingredients: Am- board or plastic. Reuse plastic bags, or • Lower your thermostat to 65 degrees monia, baking soda, borax, soap, vin- better yet, carry a string bag in your during the day and 60 degrees at night. egar and washing soda. All-purpose purse or backpack and use it when Reducing heat to this level saves the cleaner: One gallon hot water, 1/4 cup making routine purchases. Buy eggs in equivalent of 570,000 barrels of oil per soapy ammonia, 1/4 cup vinegar, and cardboard, not styrofoam, containers. day. one tablespoon baking soda. Furniture • Use biodegradable, unbleached cof- • Set your air conditioner at 78 de- Polish: Two parts olive oil to one part fee filters, toilet paper, paper and grees. The higher the setting and the lemon juice. Kitchen floor cleaner: sanitary napkins. If not stocked by less difference between indoor and out- Vinegar and water. Bathtub cleaner: your local supermarket, consider order- door temperature, the less hot air will Baking soda or borax will do the trick. ing them from Seventh Generation, flow into the building. Setting your air Household Pests 10 Farrell St., South Burlington, VT conditioner at 78, rather than 72, saves Ants: Use barriers of talcum powder, 05403. Catalog is $2. about 190,000 barrels of oil daily. chalk, bone meal or boric acid. Cock- At School • Change or clean your air conditioner roaches: Caulk cracks along • Across the country, napkins, plates, filter monthly. When the filter is un- baseboards, wall shelves, cupboards and cups and plastic utensils are tossed into clean the air conditioner has to work around pipes, sinks and bathtub fix- the trash thousands of times a day, at harder, using more electricity. tures. A light dusting of borax will fur- least five days a week. To cut down on • Dust light fixtures and bulbs. Regu- ther deter the pesky creatures. Moths: the amount of trash generated, cafete- lar cleaning gets rid of light-absorbing Store woolens in cedar chests or closets, rias can switch to glass dishes and metal dirt. If possible, replace incandescent or in tightly sealed bags. Fleas: Use an utensils. They can also use separate bulbs with 18-watt fluorescent ones. herbal rinse made by mixing 1/2 cup garbage cans for organic waste (uneaten Although these bulbs are more expen- rosemary (fresh or dried) with a quart of food) and paper and other trash. Or- sive, they last 10 times longer. Each boiling water, steep 20 minutes, strain ganic waste can often be composted. fluorescent light used keeps about 250 and allow to cool. Do not towel pet down. • Press school officials to test for radon, pounds of carbon dioxide out of the In addition, put a few drops of vinegar asbestos and lead in drinking water. atmosphere. in your pet's drinking water. • Caulk and weatherize the building. • Install and use exhaust fans that are At Work U.S. schools currently spend about $2 vented to the outdoors in kitchens and • If you work in an office, you can save billion each year on energy. If schools bathrooms. Also vent clothes dryers at least 17 trees, and keep 60 pounds of were more energy efficient, experts es- outside since most biological pollut- pollution out of the air, for each ton of timate that the cost could be cut by at ants thrive in moist conditions. paper recycled. And, since 85 percent of least 30 percent, to $665 million per • If your refrigerator wears out, find a all office waste is discarded paper: year. salvager who can both remove the ap- • Encourage your employer to use re- pliance from your home and recycle the cycled paper for envelopes, stationery This information was gleaned from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs which eat and business cards. Eliminate purchases Save Our Planet: 750 Everyday Ways away at the earth's protective ozone of contaminants such as plastic window You Can Help Clean Up The Earth, shield and contribute to the greenhouse envelopes and non-water soluble labels. by Diane MacEachern (Dell Publishing: effect) before dismantling it. One company to contact for supplies is New York, $9.95 paperback).

26 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 Innocent Casualties in the War on Drugs Addicts — needy, bleeding, vomiting people —stop being the real concern

By Betsy Swart here are nearly 10 million addicts times prefer cocaine to food. Primate Center and Emory University. in the United States today but The researcher in charge of this ex- Byrd uses squirrel monkeys and chim- only about 338,000 slots in treat- periment is Dr. Larry Byrd of the Yerkes panzees to study how cocaine and other ment centers. Federal agencies drugs affect learning and memory. In like the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Baby chimps peer from their an experiment, for example, three adult TMental Health Administration (AD- cage. Their destiny: Addiction squirrel monkeys are caged in isola- AMHA), whose annual budgets are in and death. tion. Each day, they are taken out of the hundreds of millions of their cages and strapped dollars, are supposedly into Plexiglass restraint waging a war on drugs. But, chairs. Their tails are held unfortunately, their war on motionless in stocks and drugs is more and more be- two electrodes are attached coming a war on animals, to shaved portions of skin while human addicts are left at the ends. Then the crying for help. electro-shock sessions be- Right now, in laboratories gin. By the time the experi- acfoss the United States, ment is over, each monkey dogs are being run on has endured 126 two-hour treadmills until their hearts and 79 one-hour shock ses- give out; rabbits are hallu- sions. In addition, five dif- cinating on LSD; mice are ferent dose levels of cocaine convulsing in PCP with- have been injected twice drawal; pregnant ewes and into each monkey. After the cows are having their data from the above ses- uteruses invaded with wires sions is analyzed, the obvi- and electrodes; and mon- ous conclusion is in: Drugs keys are vomiting as they alter the rate of learning. withdraw from heroin. By Byrd's protocols do not the time you have finished mention human health reading this article, thou- problems, nor do they apply sands of animals will have to the current drug crisis or died. And the agony and its effect on students with death is all for nothing. drug-related learning In a laboratory in Atlanta, problems. a monkey is strapped into a In Georgia, for example, restraint chair. Every few about a million dollars a minutes, he hits a lever and year goes into addicting cocaine is administered into animals to drugs. Mean- his body through an while, approximately indwelling catheter. This 36,000 of the state's senior experiment, which costs the high school students report American taxpayer nearly increasingly easy access to $300,000, is set up to prove cocaine. And the Georgia the obvious — that mon- Department of Human Re- keys, like humans, some- sources reported a stagger-

27 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 PHOTO. BETSY SWART ing 1,749 percent increase in clients A Civil Disobedience Action at $119,850 to study how fetal rats react seeking treatment between 1983-1989. Emory University, to protest to marijuana. C.L. DeVane at the Uni- But treatment centers in the state were animal experimentation. versity of Florida and Donald Dyer of only able to care for about 55,000 pa- Iowa State are receiving $135,968 and tients last year. into the fetus. Cocaine is then adminis- $100,675 respectively to study cocaine The discrepancy between patient-care tered to the mother — intravenously in fetal lambs. All of these experiments and animal research funds is not just a and directly into the uterine artery. Re- go on while pregnant women addicts problem in Georgia. It's a problem in searchers probe what they dub the are repeatedly denied treatment in fa- every state in the union. One treat- "mother-fetal unit," or the "MFU," until cilities in every major city in this ment center director recently remarked birth, at which point the baby lamb is country. Even sadder, many pregnant that when the scientific establishment killed and necropsied so effects of oxygen women are simply shunted into jail is befuddled, it throws money into re- levels on brain development can be de- cells because no one is equipped to help search. That may well be true, but the termined. Needless to say, the results of them. root cause of the animal research boon- this experiment are impossible to ex- Similarly, since the cocaine-related doggle goes deeper than any bureau- trapolate to humans because of the vast death of basketball star Len Bias, fund- cratic bungling. It has to do with the differences between the anatomies of ing for cocaine/exercise experiments has most basic assumptions underlying baby humans and baby lambs. Further- been plentiful. Fourteen new grant lines Western science — assumptions which more, the hideous objectification of were funded last year by the Alcohol, sell people short at the same time that animals that permits scientists to refer Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Ad- they torture and gruesomely kill mil- to the ewe and lamb as an "MFU" extends ministration to study the relationship lions of animals. to pregnant addicts on the street. They, between drugs and physical exertion. One area of increased funding for too, are little more than objects for sci- Instead of developing prevention, animal research on addiction is that of entific disregard. treatment or health programs for ath- pregnancy and fetal development. Dozens of other researchers study the letes, the government is now funding James Woods, at the University of effect of drugs on pregnant animals. The studies which induce heat-stroke in Rochester, experiments on pregnant cost to taxpayers is staggering; animal drug-addicted mice; run cocaine-ad- sheep to study the effect of cocaine on agony is immense. Peter Danilo of the dicted dogs to death on treadmills; and delivery of oxygen to fetuses. At 100 College of Physicians and Surgeons in force addicted rats to swim until they days of development, a pregnant ewe is New York is receiving $172,485 to study die. forced to undergo catheterization of how smoking affects fetal development To make matters worse, ADAMHA, her veins and arteries and a pulmonary in dogs and guinea pigs. Picture pregnant the leading funder of animal-based re- artery flow probe is placed inside her to beagles with their faces strapped into search on drug addiction, is now en- measure heart rate and blood pressure. smoking machines. Sheldon Sparber of trenching its programs even more Ten days later, she undergoes surgery the University of Minnesota is receiving deeply into animal research. ADAMHA again. More flow probes are placed in $96,033 to study exposure to cocaine in the mother and catheters are forced the fetal rat. Ernest Abel is using continued on pg 41

28 PHOTO: ATLANTA CONSTITUTION/FRIENDS OF ANIMALS ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 ON THE ISSUES CELEBRATES GOING QUARTERLY

On the Issues was created in Fall, 1983 Department's 24-hour hotlinewith Wilson's report on "America's Secret as an in-house newsletter of the Choices the latest information on the then- War in the Sahara" won the Eugene V. Women's Medical Center. Our initial recently- identified disease; a piece on Debs Award for Journalism, which it plan was to communicate with medical Pre-Menstrual Syndrome; a report on shared with The Nation, in 1989. In and feminist organizations concerning Merle Hoffman's debate with Jerry 1990, Helen M. Stummer's photographic women's health issues. Founded in 1971, Falwell and our original Win Some • Lose essay on Sr. Lucy Poulin's answer to Choices was one of the first feminist Some column. poverty and homelessness, H.O.M.E., abortion facilities in the country with a It certainly is difficult to believe that was picked up by Fox TV Studios, which vision of providing the highest quality from such an inauspicious beginning, contacted H.O.M.E. about filming a women's health care in a supportive, On the Issues has evolved to become an documentary on the facility. loving and educational environment. internationally respected and relied- To reinforce our commitment to edu- Since our founding, Choices has served upon magazine. cation and responsible social change, in over 200,000 women in all areas of re- As the years passed and On the Issues 1987 On the Issues decided to accept productive health care and has grown grew, our vision expanded to include a advertising from companies that shared to become a leading force in progressive multitude of progressive and feminist and were supportive of our vision of a medical politics. Our philosophy of "Pa- issues. It became obvious that the world free of the "isms" of oppression. tient Power," which teaches active and world's issues were "women's issues" It is our firm belief that corporations educated patient involvement in treat- and we rose to the challenge. Covering can act ethically, should be supported ment and medical decision-making, was national and international events led if they do and challenged to change if the philosophical forerunner of the us, in 1986, to be the first non-gay they don't. medical consumer movement of the publication to expose the plight of Karen After publishing twice yearly since 1980s. Our commitment to education Thompson and Sharon Kowalski. In '83, 1990 saw us entering a quarterly and creative, aggressive questioning of 1987, when few were talking about it, publication schedule with subscribers the medical establishment, led to the we ran an in-depth interview on women as far away as Lebanon, Kenya and decision to subsidize a publication that and AIDS with a physician specializing Australia. We have discovered that On would serve as a forum for positive in this field. In 1988, we had Petra the Issues has a life force of its own, social change. Kelly, leader of the West German Green which can grow and change with the Our first eight-page On the Issues in- Movement, Congresswoman Pat world around us, while continuing to cluded an AIDS ALERT where we an- Schroeder and writer/activist Andrea remain true to its principles and the nounced the new New York City Health Dworkin all in one issue. Major Carlos women of Choices who support it. •

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 29 On Speciesist English usage glorifies humans at the expense of other animals By Joan Dunayer

"A noun is a person, place, or thing," we a pig. Possessing few sweat glands, pigs . obediently recite as children. What, scarcely perspire at all. No wolf philan- then, are nonhuman animals? They ders like the human wolf. Throughout aren't people or places, so — convention life, wolves are steadfastly monoga- tells us — they must be things. Current mous. English usage is speciesist. It glorifies Applied to a human, the mere name of the human species and belittles all oth- another animal acts as invective: "You ers. Just as sexist language demeans rat, skunk, weasel, snake." Why? Other women and excludes them from full species are assumed to be lower. In consideration, speciesist language evolving, however, species move toward demeans and excludes nonhuman greater adaptiveness, not greater hu- animals. When we consign other manness. Rats are not deficient to the animals to the category thing, we degree that they differ from humans. obscure their sentience, individual- Rats have remained adaptive far longer ity and right to autonomy. than humans have existed. Standard pronoun use also "thin- In addition to supporting an arbitrary gifies" other animals. We say "the hierarchy with humans at the top, person who" but "the squirrel speciesist language asserts a false di- that." Reserving who for hu- chotomy between animal and human. mans and relegating other Much as some people hate to admit it. animals to that or which all of us are animals. Yet "animal" falsely suggests that only serves as an epithet for a person who humans are thinking, feel- has committed a particularly brutal act ing beings. The con- (toward another person). In contrast, sciousness of any animal we say "fully human" with a throb of merits who: "The bird reverence. Our eyes mist over at our who flew past." Simi- unique humanness and our self-ap- larly, an animal's gen- proval rating soars. At such times, we der warrants she or forget that "gorillaness" is more peace- he, not it. With rare able, "owlness" more keen-sighted, and exception (for example, "beeness" more ecologically benign. hermaphroditic Other species have powers and graces worms), animals are female or we lack, however much we may analyze male. A hen or mare is obviously she, and invent. a rooster or stallion he. In cases of un- Perhaps you're thinking. "All right, so known sex, she or he avoids both English is speciesist. But it doesn't hurt speciesism and sexism. If you quote other animals. They can't understand someone who refers to a nonhuman the words that disparage them." The animal as that, which, or it, consider words, however, foster the attitude that inserting [sic] to mark this pronoun use only human experience has reality or as speciesist. importance. If a dancing bear amuses More overtly speciesist than standard humans, what does it matter that cap- pronoun use, many common expres- tivity has robbed the bear of freedom sions invoke other species as a way of and happiness? Or that beatings insulting a human: Sly as a fox, crazy "taught" the bear to dance? Like sexist as a loon, bull-headed, chicken-hearted, language, speciesist language legiti- catty bitch. Ironically, such compari- mizes exploitation and violence. sons slight nonhuman animals, onto Pets are bred and sold as customized whom we project our own negative merchandise — including our "best traits. No pig, for example, sweats like friend." Through selective breeding (in-

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 Language

breeding), humans have transformed fear, researchers in- the dog into a grotesquely unnatural stead report that variety of types, from giant breeds to their subjects uri- toys. Inherited disorders afflict pure- nated, defecated, bred dogs far more often than mixed trembled.. .jargon breeds. Yet, "purebred" connotes supe- shrouds the most sys- riority, "mutt" inferiority. "Purebreds" tematic and nonchalant remain in demand while millions of cruelty. Terminal food depri- homeless dogs are killed in U.S. shelters vation replaces forced starva- each year. Among those dogs who do tion. Aversiue stimuli encompasses find homes, many are abused by owners repeated electric shocks, blows, who see themselves as the master or burns and other forms of torture. Each mistress. year, researchers sacrifice — that is, Not exploited for their fur, dogs at kill — millions of mice, rats, dogs, cats, least escape the category "fur-bearer", monkeys and others who lack protec- which tags an animal as a potential tive membership in the human species. pelt. A fur ranch or farm may sound Among animals bred for food, the idyllic, but such ranch-raised animals yearly U.S. death toll exceeds six bil- as minks, foxes and rabbits experience lion. Termed production units and con- neither open space nor greenery; they verting machines (converting feedstuffs live confined to small wire cages. Turn- into meat, milk, or eggs), the vast ma- ing nonhuman animals into a coat con- jority of these animals are mass-pro- sumes far more fossil fuel than produc- duced on a factory farm. The "farm" is , ing a synthetic "fur." Still, to appear a windowless building. Here the _•' environmentally sensitive, the fur in- animals spend their lives, crowded /'. dustry calls these animals renewable wall-to-wall or restricted to crip- £;il^ resources. The phrase completely ne- pling cages or pens. At the slaugh- gates each animal's individual being. terhouse — now called a processing Like trappers, hunters kill other ani- plant — the gentle, patient cow be- mals under the guise of wildlife man- comes beef. The sensitive, intelligi agement. This euphemism reveals the pig becomes pork. The four-month-old speciesist assumption that humans have anemic calf, who has lived in darkness, the right to manage other creatures. chained by the neck, becomes milk-fed- (Wildlife "management" has destroyed veal. Such language masks the misery numerous species and ecosystems.) and pain in which these animals live, Game species, by definition, are preor- and the fear in which they die. Happy dained targets in the hunter's sport. not to remove the mask, consumers eat Predatory animals, whose habitats have their flesh without compunction. been appropriated for the exploitation Every sentient being is a someone, not of cattle and sheep, are slaughtered in a something. By concealing this truth, programs deceptively labeled "damage speciesist language sanctions cruelty. control". They are varmints to be poi- Soon, I hope, children will learn, "A soned, trapped, or shot. noun is an animal, place, or thing." In laboratories, nonhuman animals With non-speciesist language, we can experience even more brutal treat- teach respect for all creatures. Just, ment. To dismiss the suffering they compassionate words can help free our inflict, vivisectors refer to their coerced wordless kin. • victims as biomachines, research tools and disposable preparations. Avoiding Joan Dunayer is a freelance writer/ use of the emotionally charged word editor and animal rights activist.

ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 documentary piece, as well as down- as Mary Ellen Mark and Eugene and-dirty street-level coverage of the Richards, we see the cancers of more civil rights movement and the Vietnam recent years: Runaways, the drug cul- EYES OF TIME: PHOTOJOURNALISM War. Many legends of photojournalism ture of the inner cities and the terror IN AMERICA by Marianne Fulton made names for themselves during this and hopelessness of urban emergency with contributions by Estelle Jusim, era: Robert Capa, Henri Cartier- rooms. Colin Osman, Sandra S. Phillips and Bresson, Dorothea Lange, Charles Eyes of Time is almost entirely made William Stapp (A New York Graphic Moore, Gordon Parks, W. Eugene Smith. up of black and white images, but a Society Book; Little, Brown and Co., They showed us the bread-lines of the concluding section is devoted to color NY; $40 hardcover) Depression and striking and contro- work. Also contained are short bios of Eye,? of Time: Photojournalism in versial images from World War II — those represented in the exhibit, America, a book compiled by the Inter- both the triumphant image of Marines wherein one can trace the career paths national Museum of Photography to raising the stars and stripes on Iwo of photographers and draw on the im- supplement an exhibition of the same Jima and the aftereffects of the bomb petus for their work. name, is a comprehensive retrospective in Japan. We see riot police in Paris, The accompanying text is expansive of major U.S. photojournalists since the feel the pain of Kent State, the fear of but not substantive, straying into top- dawn of photography. Well-known as Vietnam, confusion of the Middle East, ics that are tangential to the images. It well as lesser-known photographers are the ugly faces of racism and the tired is a case of presenting too much infor- represented. Many photos that have energy behind those who struggle for mation and comes off as a bit over- served as eyes into past eras are here; change. bearing, detracting from the images the pictures exemplify the very power In the hands of modern masters such instead of enhancing them. that photojournalism contains. Still, Eyes of Time gives the history of Like written journalism, the photog- THE STRUGGLE FOR BREAD, Un- photojournalism in the U.S. a fair rep- raphers' biases show unmistakably in identified photographer, 1938. resentation; it says everything that their images. Their feelings are trans- mitted to magazines and newspapers worldwide, leaving the public to form opinions from the visual images pre- sented. The book is broken into time bytes, going into detail to explain the advances of photography in each particular pe- riod. New techniques, the social, politi- cal or economic situation at that time (sometimes a combination of all three), and profiles of the photographers who contributed the images that have frozen history for future generations are pre- sented. The first section begins with badly damaged, grainy, out-of-focus pictures of the Civil War and Civil War era. (These images, however, like the rest of the book, are reprinted on wonderful, glossy, expensive-feeling paper and are of top quality.) We then briefly touch on Reconstruc- tion before being whisked into World War I. From here, we proceed to the next section, "European Visions: Magazine Photography in Europe Be- tween the Wars." For the first time, we begin to see artistic vision in the images, for, due to the advent of the Speed Graphic Camera, photography was no longer restricted to strict, posed forms. Instead, picture taking was now a hand-held process. Such technology freed photographers from the restric- tions of their equipment, therefore, a degree of creativity entered into the photojournalism world during that time between the wars, and has continued to grow through the present day. The two remaining sections cover the beginning of the true boom of photo- journalism in mass media, the advent of picture magazines such as Life, the

PHOTO INTERNATIONAL MUSEUM OF PHOTOGRAPHY AT GEORGE EASTMAN HOUSE ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 needs to be said; gives a broad cross- harmed are women. Alexandra Dundas in the United States, and the caesarian section of photographs for the viewer to Todd has fitted, as neat as a puzzle rate is 30 percent in some hospitals. compare the work of one to another; piece, the specific problem of female Ironically, as Dundas Todd points out, and presents many milestones of patient and doctor relationships into it is women who at first encouraged the American photography. the problematic picture of modern development of gynecology in the 19th —Harlan Nunn medicine. Following the cue that in our century, with the hope of establishing system certain social groups — people control over their sexual and Harlan Nunn is an aspiring photoj our - of color, lesbians and gay men, immi- reproductive lives. But as the technol- nalist currently enrolled at Parson's grants, the poor and the aged — have a ogy developed, the direction passed out School of Design / Eugene Lang College more difficult time negotiating their of the hands of women, who remained in New York City. rights against authority figures, she trapped in a male-doctor/female-patient has chosen to concentrate on women, relationship where the educated, INTIMATE ADVERSARIES: Cultural because male/female stereotypes fre- knowledgeable woman who asks Conflict Between Doctors and Women quently affect the doctor/patient rela- questions is labelled "difficult to handle" Patients by Alexandra Dundas Todd tionship and because women are "the and "neurotic," and the complaints of (University of Pennsylvania Press; major consumers of health care in this uneducated women are not taken $29.95 hardcover, $16.95 country" (which itself requires analysis seriously or not listened to at all, often paperback) of why and how come), and because with tragic consequences. Criticism of modern medicine, rooted in women's reproductive and sexual lives Medical relationships, as Dundas Todd the growing "mechanization" of biology render them particularly vulnerable to notes, are part of the entire social and the human body has, by now, medical intervention. Aptly, she ana- framework in which we live, and many acquired an impressive literature to lyzes all these factors in what has be- of the assumptions of that framework, alert us all that there is something very come "the diseasing of reproduction." such as the "idea of scientific much amiss in the way modern medicine And it is extraordinary, if you take objectivity"—an impression shared by is practiced. We are well aware of one step back, to inquire how a biological both men and women — affect our extraordinary medical achievements, activity that women have been medical relationships. particularly in surgical advancements, performing (mostly successfully, if on The effect becomes crucial in such which make news headlines, but we are occasion with some risk and failures) specific areas as the selection of a birth less aware of other issues, such as the for approximately two million years, control method. Doctors are deterioration of doctor-patient re- has suddenly become so complicated overwhelmingly prone to recommend lationships and their impact on recovery that hysterectomies are now "the fourth the pill (crudely and coyly referred to by and disease processes; the sinister most frequently performed operation" many as "happy pills") or the I.U.D. influences of the pharmaceutical industry on how medicine is practiced and directed; the prophylaxis of preventive medicine (rather than "cure- Recent and forthcoming from oriented" medicine); and the impact of technology on the over-use of "high- Belles L e 11 r e s tech" intervention, all culminating, A QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BOOKS BY WOMEN paradoxically, in an expensive health care program we can no longer afford nationally, and many of us can't afford Spring 1990 (Vol. 5, No. 3): Irish women writers, rediscovery of Vina individually: Delmar, interview with Merrill Joan Gerber (and an unpublished story), "...Eighty percent of patients have children's books, African and Middle Eastern writers, feature on women problems that will either go away on book review editors. their own or are untreatable; a little over 10 percent can be dramatically Summer 1990 (Vol. 5, No. 4): Interview with Jeanette Winterson, improved by modern medical Rediscovery of Louise Colet, books on women artists, Jane Bakerman on techniques; and roughly nine percent Paretsky, James, & Grafton, short fiction by Carolyn Banks, reprints ("the run the risk of being harmed. 'So the balance of accounts ends up marginally working woman"), German authors. on the positive side of zero.'...Perhaps. Fall 1990 (Vol. 6, No. 1): Interview with Marilynne Robinson, the literature There is, however, another way to interpret these figures. The 80 percent of disability, Jewish novels, essays, and memoirs, Asian and diaspora writers, of patients who have self-contained Barbara Christian on Frances E.W. Harper, and Penelope Lively diseases nonetheless often receive retrospective. treatment—tests galore, drugs, even surgery...50 to 60 percent of antibiotics In every issue: mysteries, publishing, and reprints columns, are perhaps unnecessarily prescribed the "Southern Hemisphere" section, and scores of reviews or administered incorrectly, 20 percent (fiction, essays, biographies, poetry). of hospital stays may be unwarranted, and billions of dollars are wasted each • The quarterly book magazine for the well-rounded year on unnecessary tests, x-rays, and individual. "Tantalizing ... discerningly passionate" —East so forth...With such an overdose of treatments, a percentage of people will West; "Enticing and important" —Library Journal. be harmed physically, emotionally, and financially." $20/yr; sample, $3 • 785 Verbenia Drive, Satellite Beach, FL 32937 A large percentage of those who are 33 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 because they are easy and require less into a full life, and how doctors view reveals a broad background in modern explanation or communication, though them as an abstract physiological medical readings, and there is an both — particularly the pill — are problem, which often destroys the illuminating summary of the women's medically problematic, so much so that human nature of human nature. alternative health care movement and one is horrified to learn that, in a 823- Diseases, Dundas Todd emphasizes, its contribution to modern medicine. If member sample of women's health are not only biological phenomena. They women have doctor/patient problems, clinics staff, only 14 percent use the pill are social phenomena. They arise in this book is a recommended place to themselves. given contexts, and how we view disease start understanding them, and to The author's training as a sociologist, and our suggestions for dealing 'with finding out what can be done about combined with her insight into the role them are rooted in our total value them. of language both as strategy and "as an system. —Roberta Kalechofsky active force in the understanding of "In other words, the value of scientific social life...," shaped her methodology medicine itself has come under attack CHILDREN OF BATTERED WOMEN by for this study. She spent hours taping in recent years...Historical claims of Peter G. Joltee, David A. Wolfe and conversations between doctors and systematic contributions have been Susan Kaye Wilson. (Sage Publica- female patients about the selection of debunked, specifically the conquering tions, Developmental Clinical Psy- birth control methods. She then of killer diseases such as cholera, chology and Psychiatry series num- interviewed the women separately, and tuberculosis, and typhoid... ber 21, Newbury Park, CA; $ 12.95 discovered that they spoke very "Furthermore, the medical profession paperback) differently to her about their sexual is limited by its own belief system, This book is an heroic attempt to make lives than they did to their doctors, relying on it to the exclusion of real and visible the trauma of children revealing that the selection of a birth alternative approaches." who have witnessed their mothers be- control device had more to do with their Intimate Adversaries is a wise and ing assaulted by husbands and boy- social, cultural and sexual relationships important book, not least because it will friends. Directed toward workers in the than with the simple need to prevent frighten the reader into embracing a field of clinical child psychology and pregnancy. But these non-biological "Let the patient beware" skepticism. related disciplines, the book's psycho- aspects of their lives are rarely Stylistically, Dundas Todd is prone to scientific terminology makes for emo- communicated or, if an attempt is made repetitious digests of her many tionally distanced reading most of the to communicate them, disregarded. significant points, but the book is time. But there is vital new informa- There is, then, a "disjunctive picture" remarkably readable, in spite of deal- tion here. of how women view reproduction and ing with some abstract scientific and According to the authors (clinical psy- sex, in an effort to fit these activities philosophical concepts. Her bibliography chologists with broad experience work- ing with abused women and children in Canada), at least 70 percent of all bat- tered women seeking shelter have chil- dren with them; 17 percent bring three evesHgarden or more. Not surprisingly, these chil- WfWei nrogrow nlfinsurnhlpleasurable ^S thinnthings for wnmpwomen dren have horrific emotional and be- ve's Garden is a warm, supportive space which provides a woman havioral troubles, and they need their E with the opportunity to safeiy expand and celebrate her own sexuality. mothers most at exactly the time when Created in 1974, by women for women, it is the first mail-order catalog of it's these caretakers are least available. kind to dedicate itself specifically to the sensual needs of women. We offer a Often, mothers are declared unfit at carefully chosen selection of books, quality vibrators and many other sexual- this point, and their children lose ev- awareness accessories for women in all lifestyles Our tasteful and informative erything they know, landing in foster catalog has been endorsed by many leading professionals in the field of human homes. They may hate their mothers sexuality who find our materials helpful in their clinical practice. To obtain your Dell Williams for disrupting the family; they may catalogue, send $1.00 to Eve's Garden, or visit our elegant midtown boutique, Garden keeper blame themselves for not being able to Mon.-Sat. Noon to 6:30PM. It will be our pleasure to serve you. EVE'S GARDEN INTERNATIONAL, LTD., 119 W57th St., #420 (on the 14th floor), stop their fathers; they may brutalize New York, N.Y. 10019(212) 757-8651 their mothers or siblings; they may be called on in court to testify against fathers they idealize in spite of the abuse; they may carry out crimes of THE WISE WOMAN their own and be charged without re- 2441 Cordova Street gard for the violence they have been Oakland, CA 94602 subjected to. In worst cases, they may (415)536-3174 kill the man who abuses their mother rather than witness more abuse. Often THE WISE WOMAN, a national quarterly journal, focuses on feminist the same system which ignored the issues, Goddess lore, feminist spirituality, and Feminist Witchcraft. father's ongoing violence is quick to Includes: women's history/herstory, news, analysis, critical reviews, bring its full weight on a teenage child's art, poetry, cartoons by Biilbul, exclusive interviews, and original reactive outburst. A research about witch-hunts, women's heritage, and women today. The authors suggest that many par- I \ Subscription: $15 a year/$27 for 2 years, $38 for 3 years (U.S. funds). A ents minimize the presence of children \. / Sample copy or back issue: $4 (U.S. funds only). / \ during a battering incident, saying J K Published quarterly since 1980 by Ann Forfreedom. \ /' that the children were asleep or play- ing outside. In interviews with the chil- A/XA A FREE 1 -year subscription to each Women's Studies teacher that / \ dren, however, detailed eyewitness ac- sends in a copy of this ad. fy^^S, counts emerge. By some estimates, each THE WISE WOMAN, 2441 Cordova St.. Oakland, CA 94602 7 A 34 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 year several million children in North A large portion of this book is devoted ries such as "Vicarious Aggression," America witness their mothers being to strategies for assessment and inter- "Sex, Sin and Suggestion," and "Cash- abused by their fathers. vention. Included is a "Children Wit- ing in on Kids." Moog looks at ads which Studies conducted in shelters for bat- ness to Violence Interview" form which work and ads which don't. Since all of tered women describe children for whom the authors developed for their clinical us are subject to advertising in one extreme anxiety and bottomless sad- research, to "explore more subtle symp- form or other, this is a book for every- ness are baseline emotions resulting in toms that children do not reveal with one, particularly those who enjoy criti- coping activities that grownups label other assessment techniques." cal analyses of literature. "problem behavior." Young boys are In discussing the overlapping services Commercials are the paintings, the likely to be disobedient, defiant and of shelters, child protection agencies, poetry of our day, absorbing the most destructive. Young girls are often de- children's mental health centers, the creative talent from every discipline of scribed as withdrawn, clingy and juvenile justice system and the schools, art. Moog suggests that as the canvas dependant. Adolescent girls may de- the authors issue a challenge for learn- spreads from billboards and buses to velop an extreme distrust for men. ing about the problem and working to- the backs of toilet-stall doors; as more Others are likely to see physical violence gether. As it now stands, shelter staff and more "products" clutter movies and from boyfriends as inevitable, the price fear referrals to child protection agen- are clothed in "mini-sitcoms" and or indicator of love. School-age children cies, who may remove children from the "advertorials;" as "the lines between frequently have trouble in school — mother; children's mental health cen- advertising and other forms of commu- inability to concentrate, attendance ters do not ask about family violence nication become obfuscated, what saves problems, school phobia, fighting with because they do not have the staff or us from being swamped, duped...is only peers, rebelling against teachers, fall- awareness to deal effectively with it; our critical powers." ing behind in work, failing tests. the justice system is out to punish, and Moog's own powers are well honed. Even children who seem to be doing its methods often lead only to repeat Her selections are brought to life by perfectly well reveal more subtle symp- offenses; the schools don't like trouble- graphic language that is buoyant and toms: makers and don't seek the causes be- metaphorical. She interjects psycho- "Mary and Nicole, ages eight and nine, hind destructive behavior. logical semantics and self-coined were described by shelter staff as ideal The authors believe workshops on phrases (such as "product language," young girls...Although they had wit- teacher awareness and the development "product placement specialists," "nar- nessed violence in two families since of curricula for students in all grades cissistic self-absorption," "documer- they were born, both were high achiev- have great potential for changing atti- cials") which she is careful to acquaint ers in school...and involved in many tudes and behaviors toward family vio- her readers with before making them extracurricular activities. They often lence. As they state, "In every class- spoke of returning to their home while room there exist potential victims and in the shelter and indicated that they batterers...neighbors, police officers, missed their father and the many fa- emergency room nurses, judges, and so SPECIAL vorite belongings left behind. When on, who can all benefit from programs asked about why they came to leave promoting new attitudes against vio- INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL home, they both stated that if their lence in the family and a conspiracy of ON THE SITUATION OF mother kept the house tidier and had silence." supper ready on time, their father This book has an excellent bibliogra- POLTIICAL/POW PRISONERS wouldn't have had to hit her so often." phy and includes a thorough review of HELD IN THE Another subtle symptom, a pernicious recent research about children of bat- UNITED STATES one which proves stubbornly resistant tered women. to change over time, is the child's belief —Sharon Wyse PRISONS AND JAILS that she/he caused the violence. A tri- cycle left in the wrong place at the Sharon Wyse is a writer and activist wrong time was given as the reason from Brooklyn, NY. why one child was in a shelter with her mother: "One day I got him so mad that ARE THEY SELLING HER LIPS: ADVER- he hit mom." TISING AND IDENTITY by Carol Meeg, The authors reveal important find- Ph.D. (William Morrow and Com- ings about the combined impact of pany, Inc., NY; $18.95 hardcover) viewing aggressive/violent television Carol Moog's five-year-old daughter shows and being exposed to actual vio- asked the question "Are they selling her lence by family members. The viewing lips?" after seeing a TV commercial for of violence on television is not, by itself, toothpaste. The dawning realization predictive of the commission of violent that ads sell more than the product and acts, say the authors. However, large affect more than the immediate target amounts of television viewing and ex- market, prompted the author, a practic- DECEMBER 7-10,1990 posure to family violence relate highly ing psychologist, to expand her exper- to violent crime. The combination of tise to market research and enter Madi- HUNTER COLLEGE real and simulated violence was sig- son Avenue as analyst and consultant. NEW YORK CITY nificantly more potent in predicting Are They Selling Her Lips:... is written violent crime than either alone. (These from the unique vantage point of her findings were based on studies of male two careers, and is about their mutual- FOR MORE INFORMATION, inmates who committed violent crimi- ity. CALL 212.860.4101 nal acts and a control group of males The bulk of the book consists of ad matched for age, race and residence.) critiques grouped into chapter-catego-

35 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 part of the text. of being a dutiful daughter. I believe life, but took the use of her legs. For a The use of psychology in advertising Jennifer's Jeep resonates with her long time after the surgery, she thought is a phenomenon that is routinely ac- squelched earthiness." she wanted to be a neurologist when cepted by today's sophisticated audi- There is an unfortunate tendency for she grew up, to pass on to others the life ence, but Moog takes us beyond the lay the author to belabor the points being that had been given back to her. But she understanding. She conducts in-depth made so that the writing becomes rep- changed her mind in college. She de- excursions through 30-second TV spots etitious. She also overuses adjectives cided that she could do more good as an and guides us along the previously like "squelched" and alliterations such attorney and disability-rights advocate. unchartered terrain of print ads. One as "Oval Office occupant." For the most She is now in private practice in New- striking example is her depiction of the part, however, there is a natural exu- ark, NJ and is an activist for the dis- "Willy Horton" campaign ad which she berance to the descriptive journeys that abled. She plays wheelchair tennis for likens to Lyndon Johnson's "Daisy/Girl/ augment and bring to life the tiny black pleasure and to keep in shape. Peace" and Reagan's "Bear in the and white reproductions of ads she dis- Polio left Brooklynite Carol Ann Rob- Woods" spots. In the accompanying cusses. erson paralyzed from the neck down, analysis she claims that these "psycho- Moog, addressing the subject of guide- except for marginal mobility in one logical [and] symbolic messages...take lines or the lack thereof, states that hand. She can operate a computer using advantage of our deep-seated anxiety "Advertising goes largely unscrutinized a tool she holds in her mouth, but needs about society...heighten our sense of and comes to us without screening of help to eat, to dress, to use the bath- vulnerability...our terror of ...Dark any kind." The book sets up a standard room. Her parents, she says, imagined Forces...and offer [the advertised can- of criteria that derives not only from that they would have to give her that didate] as the antidote to these fears." the advertisement maximizing product help all her life, but she fooled them. The book is peppered with psychologi- sales, but of achieving this with excel- She married — interracially — and has cal insights that are of value in their lence and integrity. two adolescent children. She's a social own right. Depicting a Maybelline ad Besides being enjoyable reading I worker and was the Director of the New wherein a mother and daughter are would go so far as to recommend that, York City Mayor's Office for the Handi- featured, she expounds on the maturity until such time as road signs are de- capped under the Koch administration. of children in single-parent families. signed for Madison Avenue, and some It's unfortunate that these extraordi- Moog's astuteness is most apparent measures introduced to ensure their nary stories, each successively more when discussing how ads are inter- being heeded, Lips should be required powerful and more empowering, aren't preted by her patients. In fact, she has reading for all those who would travel better served by "Positive Images". found advertisements to be as illumi- the paths of print or electronic sound The major problem is that the video- nating as Rorschach inkblots in helping and light into millions of homes and makers appear to have interviewed the her discover their inner identities. children's malleable minds. three women about their disabilities There are colorful, concise anecdotes —Noreen Ash Mackay instead of about their lives. As a long- about people, with insightful references time interviewer, this reviewer is only to advertisements which have affected Noreen Ash Mackay is a documentar- too aware that the question "What did their lives. For example, says Amy, ian, media analyst and writer from New you do then?" tends to get much more "Here I am — the Pepsi generation — York City. substantial answers than does "How and I feel like jumping out the window." did you feel about it?," especially when When pressed, she adds, "You know — the "it" is something as abstract as people going crazy. Having fun." "Do FILM & VIDEO being disabled. Kannapell and Davis, you know anybody like that?" "Not re- in particular, dwell overlong on how ally." POSITIVE IMAGES: PORTRAITS OF they and others felt about their dis- "An image had been planted...," says WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES abilities, and Davis does it in such dis- Moog. "Amy had never seen the Pepsi Produced by Julie Harrison and tancing language that she might as Generation in real life...Those brilliant Harilyn Rousso; directed by Julie well be talking about someone else. commercials that were intended to Harrison. 58 minutes, color, open- What a viewer finds out about their make people thirsty for Pepsi were ac- captioned. Available from Women lives is revealed almost off-handedly, tually making [them] thirsty for a Make Movies, Box SE, 225 Lafay- as if the facts weren't nearly as impor- fantasy life." ette Street, New York, NY 10012 tant. But of course, the facts that are In the chapter "Tell Me a Story" she The three women—one deaf, one partly being brushed aside are the heart of tells of patients who bought cars be- paralyzed, one almost completely the matter; it's how the women tran- cause they bought the story behind the paralyzed — who are the subjects of scended their disabilities that makes ad. Kevin drives a Jaguar because it's "Positive Images" have had astonish- these stories so strong. an "evolution of the species." Jennifer ing careers. Had Harrison and Rousso wasted less bought a Jeep and daydreams in full Barbara Kannapell was born deaf to time on this less interesting material, color about a forest. "I had to have it. deaf parents. During her adolescence, they might have been able to portray a When I get in...all dressed up for work she thought her unease about dating wider range of disabilities, which bears — the dress, the heels, the bag — I feel men was a function of her deafness. on the video's other major weakness. like I'm going camping, like I'm rough- Drinking helped her feel more at ease ... The one deaf person and two paralyzed ing it." Now in her 40s, she's been sober for 16 people don't balance; the difficulties Moog then reveals why this makes years and a lesbian for almost that being discussed — communications on sense for Jennifer. "As a child she did long. She's lived with a hearing partner one hand and mobility on the other — have an affinity for nursing small, for a decade, is an educator at Gallau- never knit into a coherent whole. We damaged animals back to health, an det College in Washington, DC and is a seem to be seeing two documentaries, avocation her mother found repugnant. spokesperson for deaf culture. one on deafness and one on impaired She finally retired her nature-girl Diedre Davis had a spinal tumor re- mobility, scrunched uncomfortably into calling and went on with the business moved in her childhood. It saved her one.

36 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 "Positive Images" could conceivably sex life with my daughter. I wanted to "I personally know two nurses who provide a forum for discussion of dis- be perfect in her eyes, and she wanted used to work in outcall abortion ser- abilities and how people deal with them. to be perfect in my eyes. And she died vices in Manila. The woman who wants It might even be moderately affirming thinking we didn't know she'd done the abortion would check into a hotel. for a group of disabled women. Unfortu- something wrong. The nurse would go out with her suction nately, it's not a strong enough docu- All I can say to the people who say, machine and wheel it right through the mentary to educate many people or to well, I know that my daughter would hotel lobby under a cover that generally move them to action. come to me, I knew my daughter would says, 'Food and Beverage Department.' —Judith Pasternak come to me — and look where she is, in The hotel management got a percent- her grave. And it can happen, even in age fee for looking the other way. The Judith Pasternak is a freelance writer the best of families that have it all. • nurse would go up to the patient's room. and reviewer from New York City. First trimester suction abortion, they'll Mary Lou Greenberg is active with the do right in the woman's hotel room. If THE BELLS from pg 13 New York Pro-Choice Coalition and they come to your room, they charge writes on reproductive rights for the $1000. not know. One of her friends knew she Revolutionary Worker newspaper. "Or, for 500 American dollars, a woman was pregnant, but that friend did not is picked up at the hotel, driven around know Becky had an abortion. She didn't Editors' Note: Rochelle Sharp, a na- the neighborhood for a while and then tell a soul. tional reporter at Gannett News Ser- she's taken to some back-alley build- Becky had been in the hospital on two vice, was the first to break the Rebecca ing. The woman receives a quick abor- prior occasions, and both times she was Bell story nationally. In Ms. Magazine tion or scraping of the uterus. Then the attended by this one nurse, Ann. When she reports that prior to Becky Bell's driver returns the patient back to her we took Becky into the hospital the abortion, her mother, Karen, had heard hotel. She has no idea who did the night she died, Ann was there. After we through a family friend that Becky abortion, where it was done and there's left to go get a sandwich and before feared she was pregnant. However, at no place she can go for follow-up if she Becky quit breathing, Ann knelt down that time, she was not. Later, Karen has problems." beside her and asked, "Becky, are you and Bill Bell put Becky into a detoxifi- Interestingly, a recent University of in trouble?" And she said, "No, Ann, I'll cation center to rid her of a newly- Guam survey found it was the Filipino be all right." Becky didn't know she was acquired drug habit. Bill Bell recalls community now residing on the island dying; she knew that something was telling Becky while she was recovering, that gave Governor Ada the highest wrong, but she didn't even mention the "I don't want to go through this again." approval rating for signing the abor- abortion at that point in time. Perhaps none of us is ever aware of tion ban. Yet while antiabortion activ- OTI: Is there anythingyou would like to the full impact of our words upon our ists like Senator Arriola say they will say to other parents? children, or that they may interpret continue to fight to restrict abortion on BB: First off, our outspokenness against them too literally. Another reason why Guam because it goes against Chamorro these laws is not in any way, shape or trying to force a teenager to obtain form designed to disrupt the family parental consent can be a fatal fallacy. Psy ETA structure, but, believe me, I can speak Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of from a disrupted family structure. I, A review of the video "Abortion Animals like any other father, would want to Denied" is on pg 42. P. O. Box 87 New Gloucester ME 04260 know, and believed that my daughter would have come to us. But what we GUAM from pg 15 Psy ETA is an independent association of live with today is knowing that when psychologists dedicated to the promotion of Becky made the decision not to come to needs, it does not provide abortions. animal welfare within the science and profession us, the laws, the way they are now, This has been the case since the late of psychology and within the community at large prevented her from getting safe medi- '70s with the passage of the Hyde cal care. So the pain that we live with Amendment which forbids federal Psy ETA conducts a summer fellowship now, the nightmare we face every day, funding for abortion. On June 1, 1990, program for psychology graduate students is because others dictated what she the Secretary of the Navy sent out in- interested in animal welfare must do when she needed help the most. structions reiterating this policy to all of its personnel. On Guam, Dr. Tom Psy ETA has developed a scale of invasiveness I would say to them, don't take for (severity of experimental procedures used with granted that your kids will come to you. Yetman, the head of the OB-GYN de- partment of the Naval Hospital, is also animal subjects) that can be applied to any Understand what the laws are, under- published or proposed study stand the punishment, and I pray to president of the Guam Crisis Preg- God that no one else will have the nancy Center, an antiabortion counsel- ing agency. He is careful to point out Psy ETA is currently doing a study of the nightmare we live with. They are pun- attitudes toward and images of animals in ishing these young women. that he does this work on his own time. introductory psychology textbooks KB: Bill and I aren't out promoting If servicewomen or military spouses abortion or telling kids not to talk to want an abortion, they must go either Psy ETA publishes mom and dad, or trying to hurt any- to a local clinic, like Dr. Freeman's, or body. But we never thought anything Guam Memorial Hospital. It is esti- Humane Innovations and Alternatives to would happen to our family because we mated that between 600 and 1,000 Animal Experimentation: A Notebook did everything we should, and lived a abortions are performed on Guam each An annual serial decent life. But a child loves you like year. Freeman warns that if abortion is Volume 4, $15 members, $20 nonmembers you love them, and they'll try to protect banned or restricted further, it will en- you like you'll try to protect them, and courage some on Guam to seek abor- PsyETABulletin I'm sure that, as I look back on it, I tions in Hawaii or Tokyo where it is Published biannually couldn't sit around and talk about my legal, or the Philippines where it is not. Free to members

37 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 culture, the survey indicates that a women. But I also think that abortion Amy Goodman is News Editor of plurality of Chamorros did not agree usually is a secret process. It's a woman's WBAIIPaciftca in New York City. with Governor Ada's signing of the bill world and a woman's job." — a finding that does not surprise at- "KEEP ABORTION SAFE AND LE- WITHOUT CHOICES from pg 22 torney Anita Arriola. GAL" and "DON'T WANT AN ABOR- Arriola shored up her court brief with TION? DON'T HAVE ONE" are the today has been cancelled out. Just like testimony from anthropologists and slogans on the first posters the new that. I just started a new job working by sociologists who have studied the abortion rights group has put up along the day at a recycling place, and already Chamorro culture and have found that the roadside throughout Guam. People I had to take time off. My wife and son abortion "has been known and recog- for Choice formed shortly after the Gov- came to help me in court if I needed it, nized and practiced throughout our ernor signed the abortion ban into law. and you came to give support, all for history." The group now boasts a mailing list of nothing. One of those people was Dr. Laura 300 — about the same number of people "They knew this charge was changed Thompson, a renowned anthropologist that showed up at a prochoice rally in two weeks ago," Robert continued. "Why who studied Guam in the 1930s. Her those frenzied days following passage of couldn't they send me a letter? Why did book, Guam and Its People, was the first the Arriola bill. It was the first prochoice we all have to come down here today? comprehensive anthropological study rally ever held on Guam. Although a This system is all messed up. I told my of the tiny Pacific island then under the counter-rally called for the same day boss I'd be in late. So I lost time and control of the U.S. Navy. Interviewed drew 1000 supporters, prochoice orga- money. They're gonna keep going back at her home in Honolulu, Thompson nizers were amazed that even 300 dared and forth and keep changing the court pulled out her monograph on Guam show up to demonstrate public support date and the charge. and began reading aloud, "Several for abortion. Then they're gonna end up throwing means of bringing on abortion are Both Lou Leon-Guerrero and Anita it out — but that doesn't take it off my known. Boil a small piece of ironwood Arriola are products of Guam's Catholic record. They will just dismiss the from which the bark has been removed. schools, yet they are continually sur- charge. You're guilty until you're proven You boil it with aguardiente. Drink one prised by the Church's level of involve- innocent. I won't be proven innocent cup of this brew three times. This is the ment in the abortion debate. Arriola because they will dismiss the charge. most effective dose." She goes on to recalls walking to the prochoice rally So when I go for a job and they check my recite three other recipes. with Janet Benshoof and being ap- record, it's still there. I would have to Back on Guam, Senator Arriola shakes proached by a group of Catholic high sue the people who made false charges her head at the mention of Thompson's school girls who had seen the lawyers on against me, in order to clear my name. name. "Her book was banned in my the news. The girls said they supported They know I don't have the time or high school class because a lot of people what they were doing, but when money to do that." were angry. It got in a lot of messages Benshoof suggested they join them at I drove the family back to their apart- that were not the right things." the rally, they said the nuns told them ment. I took some more photographs University of Guam anthropologist they would be expelled if they went. and said good-bye. Donald Rubinstein discounts the criti- Afterwards, Arriola said a friend called It is always a relief to get back on the cism leveled at his senior colleague. "I her and said her two children, aged six highway, even though I carry some of think there would be many reasons and eight, were told by their school's the weight of this world with me. It why books might be banned other than nuns that they would get an A in reli- seems that my nervous system can only their truthfulness. I don't know of any gion if they went to the antiabortion take a few hours of this environment. I other anthropological work that's re- rally. A few months later, just before the recall the joy I had the day before, ally called into question Dr. Thomp- September primary for all elected posi- seeing baby geese in my suburban park, son's work." tions, the Archbishop sent out a letter to how everyone stopped in awe at such a Rubinstein points to the native lan- all Catholics calling on them to vote only wonderful sight. My tears fall as I recall guage as further proof that abortion for "prolife" candidates. the children I just left — how old they exists in the culture. Although the On September 21, Gov. Ada said he look — and what Leona, a woman who Archibishop of Guam says there isn't had decided "after tremendous soul- was born in the South and who grew up even a Chamorro word for "abortion," searching" to appeal the ruling to the in Newark, said: "If a person in the Rubinstein cites several. "The term United States Court of Appeals for the suburbs had to experience two months 'pokka' is a generic term which means Ninth Circuit in San Francisco. of this life they would go stark raving to break or crack or shatter and it's Lawyers familiar with the case said it mad." I think about my comfortable used as a term for actively ending a could reach the Supreme Court as early suburban home. I am thankful that I pregnancy. The other term, 'mafog,' as next fall. have a choice. In fact, that is what probably translates more accurately as The Church continues to plan events, defines being trapped in the inner city 'to miscarry.' " like the Chain of Life where the Catholic — living without choices. Dr. Thompson says her recipes for schools send home letters urging par- I remember when I was a suburban herbal abortifacients came from an old ents to gather their children for demon- high school teacher, I would often take suruhana, or woman herbalist. These strations on one of Guam's most impor- my classes to visit homeless shelters in local healers have been practicing tra- tant thoroughfares. The road is near Newark, and have the people without ditional medicine since before the the courthouse, which stands around homes discuss the reasons why. The Spanish Conquest. They have also been the corner from a lifesize, rotating statue greatest impact on the students came known to induce abortion through of the Pope, and across the street from from the realization that in a shelter herbal douches, potions and massages. the Archdiocese. For many of Guam's there were no choices. As one student But Thompson says it is not something most powerful personalities it is still later wrote, "I take it for granted that I that is openly discussed. "I had the as easy to cross the line between can go to the refrigerator any time I impression it was secret on the part of church and state as it is to cross the like. Seeing all of this today really suruhanas and secret on the part of the street. • opened my eyes. It wasn't on TV. It was

38 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 real." In that sense, maybe what David saving a life right now with the appro- Just how much do we owe each other? Morris mentioned in the 1986 Building priate donation. If I could answer any of these ques- Economic Alternatives magazine is the Now the issue has gotten well and tions, I could resolve this dilemma. In- answer: "Most controversial problems truly complicated. Do fathers have stead, I find myself wondering whose would be solved if those who made the rights to the bone marrow of their chil- idea it was to look down this path, to decisions were forced to feel their im- dren? Do siblings have rights — moral take this direction to seek cures to dis- pact." rights—to these donations? Legal rights eases? Until that impact is felt, I wonder how are another issue: The law has been The ethicists — and the journalists long the children will be able to dream pretty clear that nobody has rights to forever interviewing them — always their dreams? How long will parents be use anybody else's body against the seem to stop their questioning at the able to contain their anger at a system person's will or, in the case of young level of individual decision making: Is that doesn't seem to care? What will children, against the will of their custo- this parent acting responsibly? Does happen when they can't take it any- dial parents. this mother have a moral right to create more? There have been some exceptions made a child as donor? But what about the When I was growing up, I believed to this and, on the whole, the exceptions ethics of the researchers who create that America was a humane country, have not served women very well at all. these dilemmas in the first place? that Americans were concerned about So let us try to leave the law the way it is. The typical medical ethics case pre- the welfare of the "underdog." The con- But let's ask ourselves some questions sented for discussion involves Doctor cept of "all God's children," all of us about moral rights, moral obligations. Goodguy sitting behind his desk when being related, and "walking a mile in When we hear that the world has people in walks Patient Problem, presenting another person's moccasins"—all made who need something from us, we know an ethical dilemma. That's not the world sense for me. Even though I live only 25 that it is true and we give. Write a check. as I know it. minutes away from the ghetto, it might Sometimes, anyway. And what of things Who funded the research that looked as well be light years. In fact, after only dearer than money? Blood, marrow, pain into tissue-matching as a cure for dis- a few minutes on the highway the envi- and the risk, of our life and health? And eases? Who thought it was a reasonable ronment begins to change — suddenly what of things dearer to many of us than thing to investigate the possibility of living is not always in survival mode, that: The blood, marrow, pain and risk, people as bone marrow factories for nor are criminals and dope pushers a even slight, of our children? other people? Mothers didn't invent constant threat. I think, if the shame of Who owes what in the world? More these situations, not as mothers. The the ghetto is to stop, we will need to ask classically, am I my brother's keeper? media reports tell us that the patient not only ourselves, but also our leaders, Half-brother? Anonymous stranger? requesting that her tubal ligation be some very hard questions. Postscript: Taking another day off from work and paying for transporta- tion to get downtown, Robert returned to court on April 30. Since the company that pressed the charges did not show up, the case was dismissed. • MEDICAL Helen M. Stummer is a visual sociolo- gist whose work is in the permanent SUPPLIES collections of the Brooklyn Museum, the CORPORATION Museum of the City of New York and the Newark Museum, among others.

DONOR BABIES from pg 23 tested, clearly showing some devotion to the other child, the dying one. Let's give him benefit of the doubt — a man "Suppliers who loves all his children deeply, trying to make the same decision we would understand in the "simple" case, the intact family with a dying child. to the Trade" And what of the twins' mother? She doesn't want the children used in this way. And who knows just what moti- vates her? Maybe there is anger toward the father; maybe this is a punitive act on her part. Or maybe she is trying to do what she is supposed to do in this world, protect her children from harm. Any of 228 Sherwood Ave. our children might be the perfect bone Farmingdale, N.Y. 11735 marrow donor for someone. You don't have to be a sibling, it just increases the (516)420-1700 odds. Any of us might be. With some motivation, with the right testing pro- grams and database, any of us might be 39 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 reversed so that she can conceive a they lost this battle, Ecology Action had ever sent to Washington." donor for her dying two-year-old is pre- begun to make headway in the commu- Reproductive Health Services (RHS), senting doctors with an ethical di- nity. Shortly after the dam issue peaked, the clinic that challenged Missouri's lemma. That's not what it looks like to the group was able to mobilize enough abortion statute, continues to handle me. To me it seems that the people who opposition to stop a prototype for the half the 8,000 abortions performed each did the research, the people who devel- first incinerator in the U.S. from being year in Missouri, drawing patients from oped the treatments that use donations created. "We got a lot of public support 10 states. But one thing has changed. from living people and the clinicians on this," Caplan recalls. "We petitioned The not-for-profit clinic now has an who offer such treatments, are pre- in shopping centers. Women would come adoption agency. If a woman wants to senting parents and other patients with up to us and say 'I can't sign. My hus- bring her pregnancy to term, RHS will moral and ethical dilemmas that are band works for Niagara Mohawk, but find parents for the child — maybe. all but irresolvable. Why don't I see I'm with you.'" Estelle M. is a 22-year-old mother. She their ethics being dissected on the By 1979, Caplan was the Energy Com- called several adoption agencies, but nightly news? How come the ethicists mittee chair of the New York state they told her they couldn't help her aren't pontificating about their moral- chapter of the Sierra Club. She later because she was Black and Black chil- ity in the newspaper reports? became national Energy Committee dren are hard to place. Estelle gave And bear in mind that all of this is chair. Feeling more and more connected birth to a baby in May and has now happening in a context. If morally re- to national work, Caplan decided to given him to an adoptive family that sponsible people were overseeing the move to DC when her husband got his doesn't care about his color. Many other whole project of medical research and next sabbatical. That was 1982; they women are not so fortunate. health care in America, or in the world have never left. A cursory study of abortion in America for that matter, maybe there would be "I knew Environmental Action very will show it to be "overwhelmingly a some very different medical ethics di- well," she says. "In the mid 1970s, the phenomenon of young, unmarried lemmas facing us. Certainly some of People's Power Coalition of New York women, the majority of them teenagers these same issues would develop, but I State got a boost from Rick Morgan, an or in their early 20s," writes Rosalind think context does matter here. Environmental Action staffer, who Petchesky, Director of Women's Stud- All around us, children are dying of helped us get organized." Caplan stayed ies at Hunter College in New York City. preventable diseases, diseases of pov- in touch with the group. "When I was "Two-thirds had family incomes under erty that we know we could fix with job hunting in 1982, I checked out EA. $25,000 a year and two-thirds were changes in priorities that most of us They had a lobbying position opposing white, even though abortion rates are would welcome. As a society, we allow the Clinch River Breeder Reactor in higher for Black and Latino some children to die needlessly, invent Tennessee." She got the job, and, in women....Well before the Webster deci- Solomon-like dilemmas surrounding coalition with others, succeeded in stop- sion public hospitals, upon which most the treatment of others and then worry ping the reactor. poor and rural women rely for their about the ethics of parents trying to Since becoming Environmental Action health care, increasingly refused to work it out. executive director, Ruth Caplan has provide abortion services, accounting We can't get the pollution out of the become well known as an articulate, for only 13 percent of induced abortions air, we can't get food and housing to passionate environmentalist. "The next in 1985. To whatever extent such poli- pregnant women and children, can't 10 years are critical to ward off global cies affect the actual number of women get money away from the military bud- devastation," she says. "In the United getting abortions, they frame the get — is it easier to take marrow from States, we must recapture the vision of meaning of abortion as an individual a baby? • an energy-efficient, solar-powered and social experience." economy. To reduce carbon dioxide from Republican Kay Orr, who occupies the Barbara Katz Rothman, a Professor of burning fossil fuels and to prevent a governor's seat in Nebraska, chaired Sociology at the City University of NY, plunge back into nuclear power, homes the Platform Committee at the National is author of several books on mother- and offices must eliminate energy waste. Republican Convention in 1988. Her hood, most recently Recreating Solar and hydrogen-powered vehicles press secretary, Doug Parrott, told us Motherhood: Ideology and Tech- using energy-efficient designs must be that platform expressed the Governor's nology In A Patriarchal Society developed. Transportation planners personal views. She believes the right (W.W. Norton). must make public transportation and to life of the unborn is fundamental and safe bike lanes a priority. Products must must not be infringed. She commends ENVIRONMENT from pg 26 be manufactured that last and can be the efforts of individuals and private repaired or reused...Unless countries organizations to provide alternatives to cal residents to get the Clean Water act now, they will be responding to one abortion by making adoption services a Act enforced. natural crisis after another." Then, viable alternative. "Meanwhile, in upstate New York, without missing a beat, she smiles. "The During the past decade, Presidents the Lake Shore Alliance had formed, next decade needs Environmental Ac- Ronald Reagan and George Bush have bringing people from Ithaca, Rochester tion." • clung tenaciously to their antiabortion and Syracuse together. By the late tenets. Despite their strong and steady 1970s, after Three Mile Island, we were Ruth Caplan is the author of Our Earth, rhetoric, the Congress has not passed a able to do a lot of organizing. We orga- Ourselves: The Action-Oriented single major piece of antichoice legisla- nized Oswego to try and take the High Guide to Help You Protect and Pre- tion since the 1977 Hyde Amendment Dam. The city owned the dam, but serve the Environment (Bantam). curtailing federal funding of abortions. leased it to the Niagara Mohawk Power Despite Governor Orr's views, the Re- Company. There was tremendous feel- AFTER WEBSTER from pg 9 publican Party is not a bastion of ing that the city should operate the antichoice sentiment. Indeed, many dam itself. Local people were very ter judge of her ability to bear and care Republican politicians now view the interested...It was their dam."Although for a child than the smartest man we "prolife" position as a serious liability

40 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 at the polls. Governor Orr, who is cur- tion professionals are also cynical about vomiting people — stop being the real rently campaigning for a second term, the merits and intentions of the Medi- does not agree. concern. Instead, some abstract con- cations Development Program. Says cept — like finding another chemical to Before leaving Nebraska, several Kay Deffinbaugh, Director of the De- cure addiction — becomes the driving people told me the "prolifers" are louder, toxification Unit of York Hospital in force behind research. Suffering people but they are a minority. One woman Pennsylvania, "It seems to me that this are forgotten. And suffering animals in said, "You were raised here and you program just makes the drug crisis research labs become nothing more than know how we feel about government profitable for the pharmaceutical in- objects themselves — research tools — interfering in our lives, especially when dustry." The animal-dependent "magic to achieve research ends. it's a private family matter." pill" program does not address the un- Finally, scientists seem unwilling to And that's how it is in Nebraska 16 derlying social and psychological causes replace a fragmenting approach to the months after Webster. • of drug abuse. Craig Coleman, a drug drug crisis with a holistic one. Search- counselor for 10 years, has observed ing for a biochemical cure to the drug INNOCENT from pg 28 that when an addict is weaned from one crisis is like looking for a biochemical drug, she or he almost invariably takes cure for poverty or homelessness. As- and its various agencies routinely spend up another if the cause of the addiction suming the source of the problem is more than $600 million per year on is not removed. In fact, a federal study biological, not societal, means scien- research and development — largely on released in August, 1989, found that as tists can turn away from the complex, animals. For example, this year's bud- many as 47 percent of patients at 15 multi-faceted aspects of addiction. In get request by the National Institute on methadone clinics across the U.S. con- fact, it even gives them a convenient Drug Abuse (NIDA) — just one of tinued to use heroin or other opiates excuse for evading difficult questions ADAMHA's offices—is for $400 million and up to 40 percent used other kinds of and overwhelming problems. dollars, over half of which is for animal drugs. If we are ever to see an end to the drug research grants. But only $27 million The U.S. tax-paying public is begin- crisis, scientists must immediately re- has been made available for the new ning to wake up to the fact that their examine some of their basic assump- Office of Treatment Improvement. money is being squandered on programs tions about the nature and source of the Taxpayers can expect the gap between that don't help people. Protest demon- drug problem. And animals must stop animal research dollars and treatment strations have already occurred in At- being the pawns in the war on drugs. If dollars to get even wider. ADAMHA's lanta, Baltimore, New Haven and the agony of animal addiction research new project is known as the Medica- Washington. People are asking why were stopped tomorrow, not a single tions Development Program (MDP). funds are increasing for these experi- human health breakthrough would be Last fall, officials announced that they ments when so many other glaring so- threatened. In fact, human addicts had procured $27 million in seed money cial needs exist. The reasons go deep to begin the MDP and hope to increase and have to do with the basic philo- its budget to over $100 million by the sophical underpinnings of the scientific early 1990s. The alleged purpose of the establishment. One problem is that sci- program is to seek a "magic pill" to cure entists value "objective" over "subjec- addiction. NIDA has announced that tive" data. Unfortunately, that means NATIONAL its top priority is to find a chemical cure that epidemiological studies of drug for addiction — that is, to find another addicts and ethnographic studies of the ORGANIZATION drug that will "turn off" that part of drug culture are given short shrift in FOR WOMEN the brain that produces the craving favor of animal research grants through for drugs. which some kind of quantifiable evi- Many doctors and mental health pro- dence is obtained. This evidence — fessionals adamantly disagree that any statistics such as how quickly a pri- chemical cure for addiction is possible. mate can become addicted to cocaine or Dr. Murry Cohen, former Chief of the how many times per minute a monkey Out-Patient Division of New York's will push a lever for drugs — do not Lenox Hill Hospital, points out that help humans. But they are eminently substances originally created to "cure" publishable and they do give the false one addiction usually turn out to be impression that some clear truth is NATIONAL addictive themselves and even some- being sought. Consequently, federal OWOANgATWM times become a drug of choice, not of agencies pour millions of dollars into POBWOMEM rehabilitation. Cohen indicates that ef- animal experiments on the mother-fe- fective drug treatment is usually based tal unit, for example, but ignore preg- on giving something up — not on add- nant addicts. ing new chemicals to the already ex- Furthermore, the tendency of the sci- QUEENS isting arsenal. Robert Jessor, a sociol- entific establishment is to take the drug ogy professor at the University of crisis out of its cultural context and to CHAPTER Colorado says, "I object to seeing the fight the war on drugs inside the re- vulnerability in the person rather than search laboratory instead of outside on in their poverty." He maintains that the street. One reason is that the statis- the greatest risk of drug abuse is among tics they come up with look good on children from impoverished families in paper and keep grants flowing in. But drug-ridden neighborhoods who have the real root of the problem is that the P.O. BOX 7321 no strong counterbalance from school scientific establishment objectifies its FLUSHING, N.Y. 11352 or the community. research subjects out of existence. That (718)428-4219 is, addicts — real, needy, bleeding, Many counselors and drug rehabilita- 41 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 would be much better off. For the first Bill Tatum, writing in the August 11 tral Park case. A woman's life was at time, they might really have a fighting issue of the Amsterdam News, says of stake and almost lost in a horribly vio- chance. • the Central Park jogger case that "this lent attack. A woman's sexuality is not case and the Stuart Case in Boston will her honor. Men have historically used Betsy Swart is Director of Special rattle around in our COLLECTIVE the concept of "women's honor" as an Projects in the Washington, DC office of CONSCIOUSNESSforyearstocome..." excuse to protect "their property." And Friends of Animals. She has written He was articulating a perception by because women have been viewed as and spoken on a wide variety of animal some Blacks that the jogger trial was a the property of men, their "honor" has protection issues. set up — a railroad job where the reality come to be defined purely by which men of the rape and the attack were continu- they have sex with and in what context. For women, having a good name means HOFFMAN frompg 3 ally questioned. Some went so far as to accuse the jogger of sexual orgies and being a virgin, wife or mother, while and their sexuality is defined, controlled drug buying to explain away the reality whores, lesbians, or "promiscuous" and commercialized by men. of a brutally raped young woman, while women don't qualify; outward respect is According to Media Watch Vol. 4, Is- some went even further to question given to women who fill sexually ac- sue 2, the June issue of Esquire Maga- whether there was a comatose women cepted roles, and privilege is saved for zine provides a supreme example of the in Metropolitan Hospital at all. Tatum mothers or wives. Shining the light on negative objectification of the Ameri- further attacks the white media for what this reality does not preclude acknowl- can female. In its piece entitled "The he considers to be their "totally biased edging that there were continual racist American Wife," she is called "the hag, and unprofessional conduct—the white stereotypes used to describe both the the rag, the bag" etc. The issue also media cannot be trusted to give you a Stuart and jogger cases, or that they includes an advice column entitled fair shake when the honor of white both served to inflame racial and class Your Wife: An Owner's Manual... "From women is at stake." tensions. her pocket-book, to her plumbing, While a history littered with the There can be no honor in a society that what every husband needs to know. corpses of lynched Black men might brutalizes women and denies them the NO assembly required. Batteries not naturally lead to a perception of fundamental human right to live with- included." The center spread concerns scapegoating by some, the point of the out sexual violence — and there can be "The Last Housewife in America," and matter is that in the Central Park jog- no honor in a society that inflicts racist profiles Ohio homemaker Joann ger case, just as in the Stuart case in violence against people of color and dis- Stewart "while she makes beds with Boston, these women were raped, at- criminates against millions of its citi- hospital corners and Pine Sols toilets tacked and murdered simply because zens because of the color of their skins. with a smile and a whistle." The full they were women. Acknowledging the prevalence of rape page of the cheerful Stewart on her There is no question of the "honor of and murderous violence against women knees next to a toilet bowl is not too far white women" involved in the jogger does not cancel out or minimize the off from Hustler's "Dream Lover" se- case. Honor, defined in the dictionary reality of racism. Both speak to the quence in which a woman's head is as "good name, outward respect and necessity of struggle and change in a forced into said bowl. privilege" was not at stake in the Cen- society where "honor" has yet to find true meaning. •

NEW VIDEO: ABORTION DENIED FEMINIST JOURNALISM AT "Abortion Denied: Shattering Young Women's Lives," produced by The Feminist Majority Foundation, is an ITS BEST! important new video which exposes Now in our 19th year, NEW DIRECTIONS FOR WOMEN is a wellspring of feminist ideas the devastating impact of parental as well as a record of women's history. We cover politics, labor, housing, women's health, consent and notification laws. The family issues, poverty, philanthropy, racism, ageism, lesbian rights, culture and sports, all 29-minute color documentary fea- from a feminist perspective. Each issue has reviews of current books, films, music and art. tures interviews with Bill and Karen Try the publication Utne Reader calls a "visually appealing, readable, one-stop overview of Bell whose daughter, Becky, died new currents in women's politics and publishing." Magazines for Libraries calls us the from an illegal abortion in 1988. We "leading feminist newspaper in the United States." $2.00 will get you a sample copy. also hear from abortion providers $12.00 a one year subscription. Send your name and address with this ad and your and young women who relate the check to the address below. We'll do the rest. anguish of having to seek court ap- proval for their abortions. Informa- tive and moving, this video will YES! I want to try New YES! I want to subscribe to New provoke discussion and should Directions for Women. Enclosed Directions for Women. Enclosed compel viewers to speak and act is $2.00. is my check for $12.00. against these laws. "Abortion Denied" is available for $29.95 from The Feminist Majority Send to: Foundation, 1600 Wilson Boulevard, New Directions for Women Suite #704, Arlington, Va 22209 108W. Palisade Ave. (telephone:703-522-2214). Bulk Englewood, NJ 07631 prices are available upon request. A companion guide is available for OTI $2.50. —Mary Lou Greenberg

42 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 FEEDBACK coming clearer to me all the time that "accessible" as long as we continue to animal liberation and women's libera- Please direct all comments to: "sacrifice" other sentient beings in a tion are flip sides of the same coin. quest to bend them to our wills. Editors, ON THE ISSUES, 97-77 Queens Kim Bartlett, Editor Boulevard, Forest Hills, NY 11374. Jean Austin The ANIMALS' AGENDA Clinton, I A Monroe, CT Our apologies to Darrell L. Paster, au- COLOR CASE CONFUSION thor of "A State of Shock /Recollections One week before receiving my Fall 1990 We are confused. We noticed that in of Romania," OTI Vol. XVI. Due to a Edition of On the Issues, I finished Volume XVI, Fall 1990, you use upper proofing error, his biography was reading The Slaughter of the Innocent, case when referring to dark-skinned printed incorrectly. The latter part of which I bought at the protest march for people as "Blacks" and lower case when the introductory paragraph should the ending of vivisection at the Univer- referring to light-skinned people as have read: He went to law school in sity of Maryland at Baltimore. They are "whites." If this editorial choice is meant 1972, and for 12 years was in criminal building another animal research cen- to imply that "whites" are common (in law, first with the Criminal Division of ter with funds received from a grant for the basest sense of the word) and the New York City Legal Aid Society, treatment of people addicted to drugs "Blacks" are special, then I, Danna, am and then with the Federal Defender and alcohol. I too am consumed with insulted. If it means that "whites" are Services of Legal Aid. He is currently sadness and hatred after reading this the norm and "Blacks" are an aberration, practicing law in New York City. informative book. I was also dwelling in then I, Nancy, am offended. helplessness because most people say In the interest of equality we would WOMEN ARE A PART OF HISTORY to me when I talk of vivisection "It's like to see a change in your editorial I read the article Margaret Sanger: either your dog or my baby!" I was policy so that black and white are con- Militant, Pragmatist, Visionary by feeling that no one person understands. sistently capitalized or not when refer- Lawrence Lader in Volume XIV and Thank you Merle Hoffman for joining ring to racial background. Equality is, was outraged that our American his- the forces. It brought tears of relief to after all, the basis of feminism, world tory books pay such little attention to my eyes to read your editorial. peace, and our friendship. women who have literally changed the Catherine MacDonald Danna Schilling face of our country, as well as affecting Baltimore, MD a woman of light skin tones the world. I feel that I am a reasonably Nancy McKeever educated woman, having a degree in Never have I seen the connectedness of a woman of deeper skin tones Nursing and another in Humanities. I the antivisectionist and prochoice po- Los Angeles, CA have yet to recall mention of women sitions so beautifully and poignantly like Margaret Sanger or their contri- stated as in Merle Hoffman's article in ACTIVISM ON CAMPUS bution to history. Margaret Sanger your Fall, 1990, issue. I just finished reading Irene Davall's should have been considered an excel- There will always be those who are article "To Pee or Not to Pee..." and I am lent role model for making significant terrified by what they perceive as in- inspired to write concerning the issue of social changes. consistent logic — and they will regu- women's activism on college campuses. I have been so impressed with this larly try to trivialize very real individual I have been the president of the Women's article that I have made numerous cop- concerns they do not understand by Action Movement (WAM), a student- ies and sent them to friends and family, claiming these concerns are "inconsis- run feminist group at Brooklyn College. as well as preparing an inservice for my tent." Insisting that a non-human fetus, In the past two years we have organized hospital using Margaret Sanger as an or a human fetus, has the same rights two bus trips to Washington, DC for example of courage and motivation to- as a grown female non-human, or hu- prochoice marches; an anti-pornogra- wards a global political consciousness man, is like saying it's okay to eat flesh phy slide show; defunded our sexist and that has benefited so many. Please keep because plants have feelings, too. I can racist school paper; run self-defense up the good work by reminding us as think of no "consistency" more powerful workshops; fought for day care; fought women we too are an important part of than sentience. for security and rallied students to pro- history and should be so recognized. The concept of animal rights, and all test sexual harassment. Our problem Margaret Jendeski the other rights causes, is a process. has always been coming up with the Biloxi, MS Sometimes I tire of feminists who de- "tricks" you talk about to generate stu- cline or outright refuse to acknowledge, dent activism. We are fortunate at SUPPORT ANIMAL RIGHTS or even understand, that the non-human Brooklyn College in that we have some The animal-loving/animal-exploiting animals are always the bottom line — wonderful women profs who were with state of mind you describe in your Fall especially those feminists in the habit the movement in the 1970s and have '90 editorial mirrors my own past expe- of actually borrowing "patriarchal remained committed to helping us and riences. Adoring animals all the while, metaphors" (Ex.: "he treated me like a the cause. However, may I suggest that I wore fur, ate meat, and even went to piece of meat") from the same wonder- Flo Kennedy and Ms. Duvall (and whom bullfights in Mexico. I think of it all now ful people who gave us the bullfight, else) write a Handbook of Feminist Col- as life in the dead zone. Needless to say, slavery, the witch trials, and the Four lege Activism. We need your advice; we need to learn from you; we need to know your editorial delighted us here at The Basic Food Groups. Until we as humanists, of the reli- all those "tricks" in order to be effective! ANIMALS'AGENDA. It was your generation that gave my You may be interested in knowing gious or atheist persuasions, and ev- erything in between, begin to examine generation the opportunities we have that my October "Page Two" editorial now. Please pass your knowledge on to deals with patriarchy, and the issue and release the hold hunter-gatherer ethics has on us, we will never truly us so that we may help our children, the features an interview with Carol Ad- next generation of feminists! ams, author of The Sexual Politics of experience the atavistic joy in creation Meat. There^s a real need to feminize itself that should properly be ours, but Judi Addelston the animal rights movement — it's be- a joy which will never be genuinely New York, NY 43 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 | THE CHILDBIRTH PICTURE BOOK A TRAVEL CLASSIFIEDS Picture Story of Reproduction from a Woman's View. TEXT, DISCUSSION HAWK, I'M YOUR SISTER, Women's BOOKS & PUBLICATIONS GUIDE, GLOSSARY, RESOURCES. En- Wilderness canoeing year round, glish/French/Spanish/Arabic. One nationwide. Guided, outfitted, excellent Sample Book $4.00. WOMAN'S INTER- instruction, great food. P.O. Box 9109-1, WO ME N S Sante Fe, NM 87504. (505) 984-2268. NTERNATIONAL NATIONAL NETWORK, 187 Grant St., N E T W 0 RK Lexington, MA 021 73. FRAN RHOSKEN WIN NEWS IS AN OPEN PARTICIPATORY LESBIAN PARADISE! Charming 19- E D I T O OUARTERLY BY, FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN FREE LESBIAN MAILORDER BOOK room country inn on 100 private, scenic REPORTS ON WOMEN'S RIGHTS AROUND THE GLOBEI CATALOG describing over 300 books, acres. Heated pool, hot tub, miles of hik- PLEASE SUBSCRIBE & PARTICIPATE! FOR INFO CONTACT videos, records; send 2 stamps to: ing/skiing trails, fireplaced common ar- 187 GRANT ST. LEXINGTON. MASS. 02173 (617) M2-W31 Womankind Books, Dept. OTI, 5 Kivy St., eas, yummy breakfasts, peace & privacy. WIN News is offering a free sample to readers of ON THE ISSUES. Please send $1.00 for postage. Hunt. Sta. NY 11746. Mailed discreetly. THE HIGHLANDS INN, Box 1180T, Bethlehem, NH 03574; (603) 869-3978. SAGE: A Scholarly Journal on Black Grace & Judi, Innkeepers. MENOPAUSE, NATURALLY: Pre- Women, P.O. Box 42741, Atlanta, GA paring for the Second Half of Life, Revised 30311-0741 Journalfor educators, policy- PRODUCTS 1989. The new edition contains new makers, researchers, and social and pro- assessments of treatmentof uterine fibroids fessional organizations. Two issues/year. without hysterectomy, lowest effective Individual subscriptions $15.00; Institutional RECYCLED PAPER dosage of estrogen, the estrogen "patch", subscriptions $25.00. Contact: Editors THE RIGHT MESSAGE osteoporosis and calcium intake. Also Patricia Bell-Scottand Beverly Guy-Sheftall. AVE NATURAL RESOURCES AND discusses new risk factors for breast cancer, show others you care with beau- benefits of fish and olive oil, and negative BIRTH CONTROL: FACTS Stiful note cards, stationery, gift effects of artificial sweeteners in the diet. ...FICTION...AND ESP — THE wrap, and holiday cards made from Send $14.95 postpaid, Volcano Press, CHOICE IS YOURS examines and recycled paper. Printing, office, copy, Inc. P.O. Box 270, Volcano CA 95689. evaluates all methods with special consid- and computer papers are also eration to Effectiveness, Safety and the available. Send for your free catalog FREE CATALOG! 125 books and tapes Personalities of individual users (ESP) and today. on women's health issues including: eating the method best suited to each. Published EARTH CARE PAPER INC. I PO Box 14140, Dept. 569, Madison, Wl 53714 disorders (bulimia, compulsive eating, by Choices Women's Medical Center, Inc., L 1 * (608)277-2900 1 4 A anorexia), co-dependency, disfunctional 97-77 Queens Blvd., Forest Hills, NY families, etc. For professionals, self-help, 11374. One-10 copies: $3.00 each; 10- educators and wide interest. Gurze 25 copies: $2.50 each; over 25 copies: Catalog, (CH), Box 2238, Carlsbad, Ca, $2.00 each. CLOTHING 92008, (619) 434-7533. SERVICES ~~ New! Extensive directory of plus and "IF MEN COULD GET PREGNANT, supersized mail order fashions. Look as ABORTION WOULD BE A good as you feel. Information updated SACRAMENT."—Flo Kennedy. The Best TOotnen every 6 months. Money Back Guarantee. of Women's Wit & Humor—over 1,000 TOomen Send $9.95 ppd to Helping Hands; Box witty quotes by women! $10, Giggle Books, w 221 50 Sunset Terrace; Elmira, NY 14903. For a change in your life, we invile you to Box 15263-OTI, Seattle, WA 98115. try THE WISHING WELL. Features cur- renl members self-descriptions (listed by AT LAST! Work clothes, gloves & boots HERPES BOOKLET—30 page illus- code), letters, photos, resources, reviews, for hardworking women. Free Catalog. and more Introductory copy $5.00 ppd. WorkAbles for Women, 3 Oak Valley, trated work on genital herpes, discusses (discreet first class). A beautiful, tender, cause, description, treatment and psycho- loving alternative to "The Well of Loneli- Clinton, PA 15026-0214. ness." Confidential, sensitive, supportive, social issues, $4.00 Santa Cruz Women's dignified Very personal. Reliable reputa- FILMS & VIDEO Health Center, 250 Locust St. Santa Cruz, tion, established 1974. Free, prompt infor- mation. Women are writing and meeting CA 95060. Bulk rates, other titles avail- -^each other EVERYWHERE through THE ELIZABETH STONE HOUSE is a able. 7/ie Wishing Well women's mental health program based on P.O. Box 713090 self-help and peer support. Our prize- WHAT IS HEALTH? WHAT IS DIS- Santee. CA 92072-3090 winning video on women's mental nealth EASE? Harmony, peace & power of heal- issues is available for rental or purchase. ing liewithineach of us. LEARN TO CREATE Oral histories book available for purchase. THE CONDITIONS FOR HEALTH! For EDUCATION Volunteers welcomed as advocates for sample copy of our JOURNAL send $2.00 residents. P.O. Box 1 5, Jamaica Plain, MA to: Natural Hygiene, Inc., POB 2132-01, WISE WOMAN CENTER healing re- 02130; (61 7) 522-3417. Huntington, CT 06484. treats, workshops, apprenticeships. Free brochure, POB 64 Ol, Woodstock, NY "MH: ON THE ISSUES", Merle FEMINIST BOOK CLUB. $14 95 1 2498. Hoffman's feminist ccble TV talk show membership gives you 20% off new re- featuring guests and topics of vital concern leases, classics. Send SASE for current ASSOCIATION OF VETERINARIANS to women is available on 3/4" or VHS as listing. PANDORA BOOK PEDDLERS, 68 FOR ANIMAL RIGHTS. Veterinarians single tapes or the entire series of 10. W. Palisade Ave., Englewood, NJ 07631 ; addressing ethical issues surrounding the Single tapes $40.00 purchase, Series: (201) 894-5404. Visit our retail store. use of nonhuman animals. Contact P.O. $275.00 purchase c/o ON THE ISSUES Closed Sun., Mon. Box 6269, Vacaville, CA 95696. or phone 718-275-6020, ext. 208.

44 ON THE ISSUES WINTER 1990 ijKfi,

kV Y**\

JVLoney is like a sixth sense, without which you cannot make use of the other five . . . W. Somerset Maugham WORKING^ASSETS And how much better if the senses could enjoy a decent MONEY FUND world — one free from pollution, nuclear proliferation and discrimination. ^WORKING ASSETS MONEY FUND ~l | 230 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94111. | Working Assets Money Fund is a way to tie your money I Please send me a free prospectus about the Fund and I directly to those ends. It's the leading 'socially responsible' its fees. , no-load money market fund in the U.S., which means we I offer a whole lot more than the usual benefits of market rate I Name I interest, stability and easy access checking. | Address A series of social screens are used to determine where our I City investments go. So your money is invested for you, and for State Zip a better world in which to spend it. Phone( ) Call our toll-free number now for more information: Read this information carefully before investing. I $100* 0 minimum OT1VC 1-800-533-3863 Distributed by Working Assets Limited Partnership

The illustration above is a detail from Harold Altman's "Yellow Trees," courtesy of the Wolf Schulz Gallery, San Francisco. It's been said: Curiosity killed the cat. But the tragic truth is: It was not the cat that was curious! Each year over 50,000 cats (not to mention an additional 35 million animals) are killed in laboratories. Please help The AA-VS* to redirect the curiosity of the scientists toward finding alternatives in research, testing and education that do not require the use of animals. Become a member for only $10 per year. Any additional contribution will go entirely toward funding non-animal methods for advancing human and animal medicine. Let the cats live with their curiosity! I ^^ I want to shop the way I Here are my membership Mother Earth would. Please send me: dues $10. Name • 4Oz. Citrus Air Freshener @$6.59 + $2 Here's my additional shipg/handling (Ecco Bella Catalog free) contribution (to fund Address • EccoBella Catalog (over200 items) @$1 alternative research) ....$ 1 CRED1TCARD; * EXP DATE TOTAL $. City, State, Zip 1 NAME Mail to: *The American Anti-Vivisection Society With your membership you 1 AD PR ESc 801 Old York Rd., Suite 204 will receive The AVMagazine Jenkintown, PA 19046 11 times a year. ECCQ BELLA Dues and contributions to The AA-VS are not deductible in computing income tax deductions because of our efforts to influence legislation. I Natural STtcoIoBicarProducts I 6 Provost Square, OTI-990 1 Suite 602, Calawll, N.J. 07006 |_ 1-800-888-5320

ON THE ISSUES Bulk Rate 97-77 Queens Boulevard Forest Hills, New York 11374 U.S. Postage (718)275-6020 PAID Permit No. 63 Mechanicsburg, PA