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THE CANINE-HUMAN INTERRELATIONSHIP AS A MODEL OF
POST-OPPOSITIONALITY

A DISSERTATION
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MULTICULTURAL WOMEN’S AND
GENDER STUDIES
IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE
TEXAS WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MULTICULTURAL WOMEN’S AND GENDER STUDIES
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BY
KIMBERLY CHRISTINE MERENDA, BGS, MA, MA

DENTON, TEXAS
MAY 2020
Copyright © 2020 by Kimberly Christine Merenda
DEDICATION
For Pi

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project was supported and sustained by the wonderful mentorship, kindness, astonishing proofreading skills, and faith of my dissertation chair Dr. AnaLouise Keating. Dr. Keating believed in me before I knew how to believe in myself. Many, many thanks to my committee members, Dr. Agatha Beins and Dr. Stephen Souris. I appreciate Dr. Beins’ expertise and excellent eye for detail. As an undergraduate Dr. Souris encouraged me to go to graduate school and I will always be grateful for the confidence he had in me. Dr. Cheronda Steele’s calm empathy, her insights and strategies, were instrumental in the process and progress of this project. My sincere thanks to Maurice Alcorn who always read and responded kindly. My warm gratitude goes to Dr. Claire Sahlin for her enduring guidance and compassion and for always making time to listen.
My children Sierra, Trinity, and Frankie came of age during the course of this project. I love, love, love my children, and their unwavering support strengthened and cheered me throughout the process of this project.
Finally and fundamentally, there are my canine companions Fraction, Pi, Abacus,
Lemma, Boolean, Julia, Mandelbrot, and Times. Together in these hard times, we make family.
I will not forget those who helped make all this possible.

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ABSTRACT
KIMBERLY CHRISTINE MERENDA
THE CANINE-HUMAN INTERRELATIONSHIP AS A MODEL OF
POST-OPPOSITIONALITY

MAY 2020
This dissertation is premised on the theory that the predominant westernized social paradigm is rooted within a system of oppositionality, a way of believing, being, and behaving through which concepts and entities are set against each other in a binarily divided and ranked system of continual conflict and disparity. Oppositionality depends upon (and proceeds from) internalized and interpersonal division, disconnection, and the disavowal of commonality, and it affects both individuals and social institutions. Surveying predominant western philosophy and religion, my study argues oppositionality as a system of vast, intersectional social and planetary harm that has been instrumental in bringing about the current epoch of the Anthropocene.
Despite the predominance of oppositionality, I argue that there are ideas that we hold, things that we do, and identities that we embody that elude or are quietly immune from oppositionality’s conceptualization and practice. These ideas, actions, and ontologies rise as anomalies, as outliers to the dominant system, and an examination of an anomaly can shift the predominance of oppositionality, enable consciousnesses and practices of post-oppositionality.

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Using textual analysis and Gloria Anzaldúa’s narrative genre autohistoria-teoría, I explore a speculated prehistoric pre-oppositionality of the canine and human co-evolution and explicate the contemporary canine-human interrelationship as an anomaly to westernized oppositionality—as a site of compelling implications, possibilities, and potentials. Utilizing recent data, I examine the startling reconceptualization of the dog in the United States within the last twenty years, theorizing this reconceptualization as demonstrating the dog-human interrelationship as a liminal space in which an increasing number of humans envision, experiment with, and enact post-oppositionality. As such, my dissertation speculates, the dog-human interrelationship is an anomaly to prevailing oppositionality and exists as a model of post-oppositional possibilities.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………… iii ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………….. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………….. vi Chapter I. SITTING WITH DOGS AT THE END OF THE WORLD………………………. 1
Endogged………………………………………………………………….... 4

The Autohistoria-Teoría of Dog Writing…………………………………. 7

II. OPPOSITIONALITY: THE BIG MACHINE…………………………………...12

Oppositionality: A Definition…………………………………………….. 13 Non-Paradigmatic Oppositionality………………………………………. 17 Resistant Energy………………………………………………………….. 20 Worldwide Malware and Conclusion……………………………………. 22

III. TRANSCENSION: WORDS MATTER………………………………………..26
The Cosmos………………………………………………………………... 27

Post-Oppositionality and Conclusion……………………………………. 28

IV. OPPOSITIONALITY 101……………………………………………………....33

Dualistic Thinking……………………………………………………….... 34 Comparisons in Dualism…………………………………………………. 36 Binary Thinking…………………………………………………………... 39

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………. 44

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V. MAN AGAINST THE WORLD………………………………………………...46

Anthropocentrism: The Big Bad……………………………………….....47

Philosophy…………………………………………………………………. 49 Religion……………………………………………………………………. 53

Anecdote and Conclusion……………………………………………….... 56

VI. ANTHROPOCENTRISM AS INTERENTITIAL VIOLENCE………………. 59

Dehumanization…………………………………………………………... 61 Normative Oppositional Violence and the Forbidden Comparison…… 69 Anecdote and Conclusion……………………………………………….... 72

VII. THE AGE OF LONELY HUMANITY………………………………………..74

The Eremozoic…………………………………………………………….. 78

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………. 80
VIII. PARADIGM…………………………………………………………………..81
Anomalies………………………………………………………………….. 85 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………. 88

IX. DOGS!................................................................................................................. 90

Significant Otherness……………………………………………………... 91 Commonality……………………………………………………………… 95

Conclusion……………………………………………………………….... 97
X. CANIS FAMILIARIS…………………………………………………………... 98

Kindred Species and Conclusion………………………………………... 101

XI. THE FAMILIAR DOG……………………………………………………….. 103

Dogs by the Numbers……………………………………………………. 106

Conclusion………………………………………………………………... 114

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XII. A DOG MOMENT…………………………………………………………... 115
Human 2.0…………………………………………………………………117 Dog Medicine……………………………………………………………... 120

Academy Dogs……………………………………………………………..124

Anecdote………………………………………………………………….. 128

Digital Pawprint………………………………………………………….. 130

Conclusion………………………………………………………………... 133
XIII. BUT FOR THE GRACE OF DOG…………………………………………. 135

This Bridge We Call Dog…………………………………………………140

STORY: DOG YEARS…………………………………………………………….144 WORKS CITED…………………………………………………………………...180

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CHAPTER I
SITTING WITH DOGS AT THE END OF THE WORLD

later that night i held an atlas in my lap ran my fingers across the whole world and whispered where does it hurt?

it answered everywhere everywhere everywhere.
―Warsan Shire

Theory is inevitably and indelibly imbued with the subjectivity of the theorist. My own project is fundamentally informed by the entangled dynamics of my physical and metaphysical location, my premise and purpose imbued both macro- and microcosmically with my situated perspective. Accordingly: I am a scholar. My academic discipline makes a study of subjects such as multiculturalism, women, gender, and social justice. My research interest is social oppositionality and consciousnesses of pre- and post-oppositionality as variously theorized by feminist scholars. Soon, as it is a premise of my project, I will thoroughly define and discuss oppositionality, but basically,

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oppositionality is a predominant western way of believing, being, and behaving that sets concepts and entities against each other in a binarily divided and ranked system of continual conflict and disparity. I believe that oppositionality is a system of vast, intersectional harm.
Expressed interhumanly, the oppositional programming integral to western society generates essentializing, arbitrary demarcations of social identity that separate and hierarchize human groups and individuals, positioning them in seemingly natural opposition to one another and causing them to interact through cartographies of inequity, disenfranchisement, violence, bias, and bigotry. Expressed beyond the realm of exclusively human interaction, oppositionality is directly responsible for the fallacy of human exceptionalism,1 of anthropocentrism and the correlatory era of the Anthropocene. 2 Binarily detached from, set above and in opposition to nonhuman beings and entities, humankind commits unconscionable, annihilative acts against Earth and Earthly beings.
Within this Anthropocenic age I subsist in the so-called western world—in a post-industrial federal republic marked by neocolonialism, by increasingly stark and cruel social disparities, by a growing ethos of dogmatism, anti-intellectualism, and what I cannot help but describe as heartlessness. A human woman contextually privileged and

1 RationalWiki defines human exceptionalism as “the belief that humans are categorically or essentially different than all other animals. It is often argued on religious grounds where humans are the product of special creation by God, though secular arguments have also been advanced in favor of this concept” (“Human Exceptionalism”). 2 Biologists Paul J. Crutzen and Eugene F. Stoermer coined the term “Anthropocene” to describe a geological era within which humankind’s present and potential influence pose a clear and catastrophic risk to the planet and all planetary entities. We currently live in the Anthropocene, and humankind’s impact upon the earth grows greater and more destructive by the hour.

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oppressed and chronically sleep-deprived, I balance with my books and my laptop upon a planet pushed to the brink of cataclysmic extinction3 by the very paradigm of my people.
On this stage of potential (probable?) obliteration, I am every hour (every moment) digitally deluged by push alerts of death and disaster, by headlines of pandemics, assassinations, the rising rates of suicide and addiction, by dispatched descriptions of storms, fires, bullets, bombs, terror, and terrorism, by news of laws designed to intrude, exclude, deprive, and disenfranchise, by pundits preaching wars and rumors of wars, and by prognostications of impending (if not immediate) nuclear annihilation.
“Haec otia fovent studia” (“these days of peace foster learning”) is a Latin motto of academia, but the days in which I learn are not peaceful. These are the “interesting times” of which we were warned,4 and every moment feels swollen with pain and peril, with a sometimes unbearable poignancy, and with the pressing, urgent need for action, for change, for the actualization of potential. The passage of Warsan Shire’s poem that I share in epigraph tells of a wounded world; like so many, the awareness of multifarious

3 The Department of Defense’s “2014 Climate Change Adaptation Roadmap” succinctly predicts that “[r]ising global temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, climbing sea levels, and more extreme weather events will intensify the challenges of global instability, hunger, poverty, and conflict. They will likely lead to food and water shortages, pandemic disease, disputes over refugees and resources, and destruction by natural disasters in regions across the globe” (Foreword). 4 While the existence of a Chinese proverb (sometimes categorized as a curse) focusing upon “interesting times” has never been verified, Robert Kennedy references it in his 1966 “Day of Affirmation Address” speech, stating: “There is a Chinese curse which says, ‘May he live in interesting times.’ Like it or not, we live in interesting times. They are times of danger and uncertainty; but they are also the most creative of any time in the history of mankind [sic].” Kennedy, in my view, aptly describes the current era—the interesting times—in which I write and research.

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hurting fills me with a heavy sense of precarity. Under this weight I struggle to find theory, to put together knowledges, even as doing so too frequently feels like whistling in the dark.

Endogged

Neither humans, as they currently exist, nor dogs would be here without each other. This pervasive and complicated interspecies connection reminds humans that they are not alone on this journey—and that they could not have walked it without a partner. Because of that powerful and humbling reality, humans are well served by recollecting this story.
―Laura Hobgood-Oster

Whistling in this darkness, in this Anthropocenic shadow of human-made and seeming certain doom, my whistle is always answered, because I am companied in my project by canines. And companioned in this way, I am more than my standpoint—more than my global and humanly subjective position. Companioned by canines—endogged, if you will—I am both more and less than human, my body and being physiologically infused with dog, my research touched in every way by my canine companions: Pi and Abacus and Fraction, Lemma, Boolean, Tally, Julia, Mandelbrot, and Times—they are ever near.5 Pi and Abacus and Fraction, Lemma, Boolean, Tally, Julia, Mandelbrot, and Times—they are more than near; they are literally a part of me, as dogs and humans have been a part of each other for the last roughly 40,000 years.6

5 Some are near physically, some in memory. When I began this project my canine companions were Fraction, Pi, and Abacus. During the course of this project and through its completion, I gained in companions Lemma, Boolean, Tally, siblings Julia and Mandelbrot, and the strange, stray, skinny dog Times. Fraction and Boolean tragically died during this project. 6 The research of scientists such as Pontus Skoglund, Erik Ersmark, Eleftheria Palkopoulou, Love Dalén, Robert Wayne, Nikolai D. Ovodov, Susan J. Crockford, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, Thomas F. G. Higham, Gregory W. L. Hodgins, Mietje Germonpré, Johannes van der Plicht, Enikö Kubinyi, Zsófia Virányi, and

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In these fraught times I often think of how much less my life would be without the company of dogs. This thought is only (literally) natural, because I am, as Laura Hobgood-Oster explains in epigraph, human because of my human ancestors’ affiliation with the dog, the survival and evolutionary development of my species directly dog-dependent. From the dawning of the Upper Paleolithic to the shadow of the Anthropocene, as very literal co-species, dogs and humans have been together. Eons ago, humans and dogs established a kinship, and the dog became the dog in relation to the human and the human became the human expressly because of—solely because of—affiliation with the dog. Together, dogs and humans spread prolifically, spread planetwide,7 spread personally to this little bit of land in far north Texas where my dogs and I make family.
As an interspecies synergy, the dog-human dyad is both an absolute evolutionary success and utterly unique; as Temple Grandin writes, “Basically, two different species with complementary skills teamed up together, something that had never happened before and has really never happened since” (304). As far as science is aware, no other species has so directly, so intrinsically influenced the human evolutionary development. This is

Ádám Miklósi calibrate the dog-human relationship to have begun roughly 30,000-40,000 years ago and considerably prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (and thereby considerably prior to the onset of human agriculture). This is a striking re-calibration of former theories presenting the dog-human relationship (generally in the terms of the human domestication of the dog) as occurring 15,000 years ago. 7 Unlike Neanderthal, who very pertinently, very pivotally had no dog companions. Anthropologist Pat Shipman rather dismally addresses this in her well researched book The Invaders: How Humans and Their

Dogs Drove Neanderthals to Extinction.

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something amazing; it is also, in the context of our human present and future, something that I believe to be very important.
Companions and kin, my dog companions and I are linked, skin deep and beyond.
Dogs and humans have a mutual microbiome, and scientists theorize that canine and human microbiomes developed together, developed cooperatively (co-evolved, in fact, as did dogs and humans), and a modern human microbiome that is not infused with dog microbiome is in effect incomplete (and thereby less healthy).8 In addition, groundbreaking research shows that the ancient canine-human affiliation literally retrofitted both the human and the canine brain. Just one of the amazing dyadic reciprocities of the ancient canine-human affiliation, both the dog and the human brain shrank in tandem by about ten percent.9 In becoming the dog it is commonly known that the canine brain became smaller than the brain of the wild wolf, but what was not until recently realized is that at the prehistorical beginning of the dog-human interrelationship and in direct correlation to the dog’s reduction in brain size, the human brain too shrank. 10 In effect, the canine and human brains got together, both shrinking conjointly, delegating specific abilities so that each separate but intimately interconnected species

8 See, for further information, the works of Jack Gilbert, Rob Knight, and Anita Kozyrskyj.

9 Jon Franklin’s engaging and thought-provoking book The Wolf in the Parlor: How the Dog Came to

Share Your Brain explores the multiple theories and implications of the mutual and synchronic shrinkage of canine and human brains. 10 In his book The Domesticated Brain, Bruce Hood considers and discards some of the conventional notions regarding the shrinking of the human brain, such as the beliefs that brain shrinkage is related to conditions such as nutrition and climate.

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cerebrally specialized, the trait given up by one species compensated for by the brain of the other.11
No two species have had a closer and more enduring physiological proximity than the dog and the human. Sitting here with the dogs, researching and writing during what could very well be, no hyperbole, the end of the world (at least as we humans know it), I think often of France’s Chauvet Cave, of the footprints photographed by prehistorian Michel-Alain Garcia. Imprinted nearly 30,000 years ago, the footprints are of a young human child and a dog as they walked together through the darkness of the cave, their way lit only by the child’s carried torch.12 The footprints show that the dog and the human child walk calmly, walk side by side, and I think of the two making their way together through the cavern, trusting each other through the dark. In the twenty-first century, from a couch in a small, cluttered room, Pi and Abacus and Fraction, Lemma, Boolean, Tally, Mandelbrot, Julia, and Times companion me as their ancestors companioned mine. It is both right and humanly natural that my project be dog-dedicated; it is, after all, multifariously dog-dependent, the personal and collective story-theory of an enduring and transformative kinship.

11 Spoiler alert: the midbrain which handles emotions and sensory data and the olfactory bulbs which handle smell became smaller in the human, while the corpus callosum which divides and connects the two brain hemispheres and the forebrain which is associated with so-called higher abstract thought, logic, speech, and strategizing was maintained in size by the human while decreasing in the dog. 12 Evidence shows that the child paused during the walk in order to clean the torch; the charcoal left behind from this cleaning aided scientists in establishing a date.

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The Autohistoria-Teoría of Dog Writing

Personal experiences―revised and in other ways redrawn―become a lens with which to reread and rewrite the cultural stories into which we are born.
―Gloria Anzaldúa, Light

Sharing breath and space with my canine companions, my project began with a question, a consideration of oppositionality that seemed to have absolutely nothing to do with dogs and dog-human affiliation: If westernized oppositionality as a paradigm has brought us to this place of pain and precarity, how can oppositionality be addressed (transcended?) in a way that does not helplessly (hopelessly) replicate the very stratagems of oppositionality? Amidst all these push alerts of doom, what can we do, what are we already doing to move beyond oppositionality?
In the continual company of canines, this seeming non-dog-related research question began to entangle with my interest in the writing of feminist women scholars who explore in their work the unique canine-human interrelationship.13 These texts very

13 Many of these publications inspired and inform my project; these texts include but are in no way limited

to: sociology professor Robbie Pfeufer Kahn’s Milk Teeth: A Memoir of a Woman and Her Dog; poet,

writer, and gender equality activist Eileen Myles’ Afterglow: A Dog Memoire; professor of linguistics and

literary criticism Vicki Hearne’s Adam’s Task and Bandit: Dossier of a Dangerous Dog; professor of zoology Patricia B. McConnell’s The Education of Will: A Mutual Memoir of a Woman and Her Dog, The Other End of the Leash: Why We Do What We Do Around Dogs, and For the Love of a Dog; bioethicist Jessica Pierce’s The Last Walk: Reflections on Our Pets at the End of Their Lives; professor of science writing Ceiridwen Terrill’s stress-inducing memoir Part Wild: Caught Between the Worlds of Wolves and

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  • A Defense of a Sentiocentric Approach to Environmental Ethics

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    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2012 Minding Nature: A Defense of a Sentiocentric Approach to Environmental Ethics Joel P. MacClellan University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation MacClellan, Joel P., "Minding Nature: A Defense of a Sentiocentric Approach to Environmental Ethics. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2012. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1433 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Joel P. MacClellan entitled "Minding Nature: A Defense of a Sentiocentric Approach to Environmental Ethics." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Philosophy. John Nolt, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Jon Garthoff, David Reidy, Dan Simberloff Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) MINDING NATURE: A DEFENSE OF A SENTIOCENTRIC APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Joel Patrick MacClellan August 2012 ii The sedge is wither’d from the lake, And no birds sing.
  • View Entire Issue in Pdf Format

    View Entire Issue in Pdf Format

    WINTER 1990 $2.95 Chipping Away at Choice • Animals: Captive Addicts Babies for Marrow • Earth's Last Gasp? BELL REBECCA SUZANNE nm fl FREEBIRD now AUG. 24, l()7l SEPT. 16, 1988 Have you seen crack on 42nd Street lately? Or a cat? Or a dog? Or a sheep? and Mental Health Administration NO. Because the addiction problem is a (ADAMHA) spends nearly half a billion dol- uniquely human problem. lars on animal research. They say they are seeking a new "drug" to block the craving So why are federal funding agencies for substances such as cocaine. But many spending millions of your tax dollars on doctors and mental health professionals addiction experiments on animals? These disagree. They think the answer to the drug experiments torture and kill thousands of crisis lies in spending more money on pre- animals each year. And they bring big bucks vention and treatment programs—NOT on to universities. But they do nothing to help animal research. people. In fact, they divert precious tax dollars away from prevention and treatment Please write your federal legislators programs. today, telling them you oppose animal addiction experiments. If you are a medical Right now, there are nearly 10 million or mental health professional, please call addicts in the United States. But there are us NOW for information on other impor- only about 338,000 slots in treatment tant ways you can help people AND centers. animals. Meanwhile, the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, Call FoA at (202) 483-8998. i€S, I want more info on Friends of Animals. Name Friends Address of Animals Friends of Animals, 1623 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20009 THE JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCnE FOR PROGRESSIVE WOMEN VOL.
  • The Rights of Animal Persons by David Sztybel, Phd†

    The Rights of Animal Persons by David Sztybel, Phd†

    The Rights of Animal Persons By David Sztybel, PhD† Abstract: A new analysis in terms of levels of harmful discrimination seems to reveal that the traditional debate between “animal welfare” and animal liberation can more accurately be depicted as animal illfare versus animal liberation. Moreover, there are three main philosophies competing to envision “animal liberation” as an alternative to traditional animal illfare—rights, utilitarianism, and the ethics of care—and it is argued that only animal rights constitutes a reliable bid to secure animal liberation as a general matter. Not only human-centered ethics but also past attempts to articulate animal liberation are argued to have major flaws. A new ethical theory, best caring ethics, is tentatively proposed which features a distinctive alternative to the utilitarian’s commitment to what is best, an emphasis on caring, and an upholding of rights. Finally a series of arguments are sketched in favor of the idea that animals should be deemed persons and it is urged that legal rights for animal persons be legislated. I. Introduction A movement to articulate and advocate “animal liberation” as an alternative to the traditional so-called “animal welfare” paradigm was effectively launched in 1975 with the publication of Animal Liberation by utilitarian philosopher Peter Singer. 1 Since that time, Tom Regan’s The Case for Animal Rights in 1983 was probably the most widely recognized attempt, among many, to articulate a defense of animal interests as based on a strong concept of rights, rather than only considerations of welfare. 2 Starting in the late 1970s, traditional ethical theory, dominated by rights and utilitarianism, came to be criticized by feminists with the suggestion of an alternative: the ethics of care.
  • Beyond Anthropocentrism: Critical Animal Studies and the Political Economy of Communication [1]

    Beyond Anthropocentrism: Critical Animal Studies and the Political Economy of Communication [1]

    The Political Economy of Communication 4(2), 54–72 © The Author 2016 http://www.polecom.org Beyond Anthropocentrism: Critical Animal Studies and the Political Economy of Communication [1] Nuria Almiron, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Keywords: anthropocentrism, speciesism, political economy of communication, ethics Abstract This article argues that the political economy of communication is ready and ethically obliged to expand its moral vision beyond human life, as other disciplines of the social sciences and humanities have already done. Such an expanded moral vision does not mean pushing human suffering to the background, but rather realizing that humans only form part of the planet, and are not above it. Not assigning individuals of other species the same moral consideration we do human beings has no ethical grounding and is actually deeply entangled with our own suffering within capitalist societies – it being particularly connected with human inequality, power relations, and economic interests. Decentering humanity to embrace a truly egalitarian view is the next natural step in a field driven by moral values and concerned with the inequality triggered by power relations. To make this step forward, this article considers the tenets of critical animal studies (CAS), an emerging interdisciplinary field which embraces traditional critical political economy concerns, including hegemonic power and oppression, from a non- anthropocentric moral stance. Critical media and communication scholars are concerned with what prevents human equality and social justice from blossoming. More particularly, they examine the fundamental role media and communication play in preventing or promoting social change. Those scholars devoted to the political economy of communication (PEC) focus upon the structural power relations involved in capitalism or, in Vincent Mosco’s words, in the “power relations that mutually constitute the production, distribution and consumption of resources, including communication resources” (2009: 2).
  • Transcript of Chat with David Sztybel on Ar Zone

    Transcript of Chat with David Sztybel on Ar Zone

    TRANSCRIPT OF CHAT WITH DAVID SZTYBEL ON AR ZONE January 16, 2011 Carolyn Bailey: ARZone would like to welcome Dr. David Sztybel today, as our Live Chat Guest. David is a Canadian ethicist who specialises in animal ethics. He is a vegan, and has been an animal rights activist for more than 22 years. David has attained his Ph. D. in Philosophy from the University of Toronto (1994-2000) as well as his M.A. in Philosophy from the University of Toronto (1992-94) his B.A. in Philosophy from the University of Toronto (1986-91) and a B. Ed. in English and Social Studies from the University of Toronto (2005-2006) David has published numerous articles pertaining to the liberation of all sentient beings and has lectured at the University of Toronto, Queen's University, and Brock University. David has developed a new theory of animal rights which he terms "best caring," as outlined in "The Rights of Animal Persons.” Criticizing conventional theories of rights, based in intuition, traditionalism or common sense, compassion, Immanuel Kant's theory, John Rawls' theory, and Alan Gewirth's theory, David devises a new theory of rights for human and nonhuman animals. David maintains his blog site at http://davidsztybel.blogspot.com/ and a very informative website at: http://sztybel.tripod.com/home.html David is looking forward to engaging ARZone members today in reference to topics ranging from his literature to his position on animal rights and welfare. Please join with me in welcoming David to ARZone today. Welcome, David! Will: Hello Jason Ward: Good day David!!! Brooke Cameron: Welcome, David! David Sztybel: Hi there, Will and others! Tim Gier: Hello (again) David! Kate: Hello David.
  • 'Went the Day of the Daleks Well?' an Investigation Into the Role Of

    'Went the Day of the Daleks Well?' an Investigation Into the Role Of

    Tony Keen ‘Invasion narratives in British television Science Fiction’ ‘Went the Day of the Daleks well?’ An investigation into the role of invasion narratives in shaping 1950s and 1960s British television Science Fiction, as shown in Quater- mass, Doctor Who and UFO If the function of art is to hold a mirror up to society, then science fiction (sf), through the distorted reflection it offers, allows the examination of aspects of society that might otherwise be too uncomfortable to confront. This essay aims to look at how invasion narratives, stories concerned with the invasion of Britain from outside, shaped three British science fiction series, and how those series interro- gated the narratives. The series will primarily be examined through aesthetic and social ap- proaches. Particular areas to be explored include the embracing and subverting of common assumptions about Britain’s attitude to invasion, and the differing attitudes to the military displayed. Introduction As an island nation, the prospect of invasion has always occupied a prominent place in the British popular imagination. According to Sellar and Yeatman, the two memorable dates in history are 55 BC and 1066, the dates of the invasions of Julius Caesar and William the Con- queror.1 Subsequent events such as the Spanish Armada of 1588 are also well-known mo- ments in history. It is inevitable that the prospect of invasion should produce speculative literature. Some works appeared around the time of Napoleon’s threatened invasion of 1803,2 but ‘invasion literature’ as a literary genre emerged out of the growing market for novels and short-story magazines, and is generally considered to have begun with the appearance of George Tomp- kyns Chesney’s 1871 story ‘The Battle of Dorking’,3 a story of the German conquest of Eng- land, prompted by the German victory in the Franco-Prussian War of 1871.
  • Lettering to the Max the Art & History of Calligraphy

    Lettering to the Max the Art & History of Calligraphy

    KORERO PRESS Lettering to the Max Ivan Castro, Alex Trochut Summary Lettering, the drawing, designing, and illustration of words, has a personal uniqueness that is increasingly valued in today's digital society, whether personal or professional. This manual, by the internationally renowned Iván Castro, outlines the basic materials and skills to get you started. Typographical concepts and the principles of construction and composition are decoded. In addition, Ivan outlines several practical projects that allow the reader, not just to practice, but to develop their own ideas. In-depth but accessible, this book is the ideal beginner's guide and an excellent reference for the more well versed. Korero Press 9781912740079 Pub Date: 3/1/21 Contributor Bio On Sale Date: 3/1/21 Ivan Castro is a graphic designer based in Barcelona, Spain, who specializes in calligraphy, lettering, and $32.95 USD typography. His work involves everything from advertising to editorial, and from packaging to logo design and Discount Code: LON gig posters. Although Ivan claims to have no specific style, one could say that he has a strong respect for the Trade Paperback history of popular culture. He has been working in the field for 20 years, and has been teaching calligraphy 128 Pages and lettering for 15 years in the main design schools in Barcelona. He travels frequently, holding workshops Full color throughout Carton Qty: 24 and giving lectures at design festivals and conferences. Alex Trochut was born in 1981 in Barcelona, Spain. Art / Techniques After completing his studies at Elisava Escola Superior de Disseny, Alex established his own design studio in ART003000 Barcelona before relocating to New York City.