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Music – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Music of the 20th Century First Edition, 2020

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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: Samuel A. Banda, MA.Ed.Ad., Jan Elmar P. Tabamo, Tirso K. Torniado Content Editor: Raquel Rita D. Salingay, EdD, Daniel A. Flores Language Editor: Karen Mae B. Segumpan Reviewer: Ernesto D. Reciña, Jr., EPS – MAPEH Susan M. Saa Illustrator: Shiera G. Canlas Layout Artist: Jebson Ray C. Jamorol Management Team: Chairperson: Arturo B. Bayucot, PhD, CESO III Regional Director Co-chairperson: Victor G. De Gracia Jr. PhD, CESO V Asst. Regional Director Randolph B. Tortola, PhD., CESO IV School Division Superintendent

Shambaeh A. Usman, PhD Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Mala Epra B. Magnaong, PhD., Chief CLMD Members: Neil A. Improgo, PhD, EPS-LRMS Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, PhD ESP-ADM Elbert R. Francisco, PhD, Chief-CID Ernesto D. Reciña, Jr. EPS-MAPEH Rejynne Mary L. Ruiz, PhD, LRMS Manager Jeny B. Timbal, PDO II Shella O. Boasco,Division Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon- Region X Office Address: Fortich St. Sumpong, Malaybalay City Telefax: (088) 813-3634 E-mail Address: [email protected]

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MUSIC Quarter 1 Music of the 20th Century Style

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments and recommendations to the Department of Education at [email protected].

We value your feedback and recommendations

Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page COVER PAGE

COPYRIGHT PAGE

TITLE PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT

Note to the Teacher/ Facilitator

Note to the Learner

Note to the Parents/Guardian

Module Icons WHAT I NEED TO KNOW WHAT I KNOW (Pretest) Lesson 1- (Impressionism to Modern Nationalism)

What I Need To Know 1 What I Know 1 What’s In 3 What’s New 3 What is it 4 What’s More 10 Independent Practice What I Have Learned 12 What I Can Do 12 Assessment 13 Guided Assessment 15 Independent Assessment

Additional Activities 14 Lesson 2- (Characteristic Style and Movements of Music)

What I Need To Know 15 What I Know 15 What’s In 16 What’s New 16 17 What is it

What’s More 18 Guided/Controlled Practice

Independent Practice

What I Have Learned 19 What I Can Do 19 Assessment 20 Guided Assessment

Independent Assessment

Additional Activities 21 Lesson 3- (Music Performance Practice)

What I Need To Know 22 What I Know 22 What’s In 23 What’s New 23 What is it 24 What’s More 24 Independent Practice

What I Have Learned 24 What I Can Do 25 Assessment 27 Guided Assessment

Independent Assessment

Additional Activities 27 Lesson 4- (Musical Forms)

What I Need To Know 29 What I Know 29 What’s In 30 What’s New 30 What is it 31 What’s More 34 Independent Practice

What I Have Learned 35 What I Can Do 35 Assessment 36 Guided Assessment

Independent Assessment

Additional Activities 37 Lesson 5- (Music and Visual Arts of the 20th Century)

What I Need To Know 38 What I Know 38 What’s In 39 What’s New 39 What is it 40 What’s More 41 Independent Practice

What I Have Learned 44 What I Can Do 44 Assessment 45 Guided Assessment

Independent Assessment

Additional Activities 46 Lesson 6- (The Exploration of Arts and Media in Music)

What I Need To Know 48 What I Know 48 What’s In 50 What’s New 50 What is it 51 What’s More 52 Independent Practice

What I Have Learned 52 What I Can Do 53 Assessment 53 Guided Assessment

Independent Assessment

Additional Activities 54 Lesson 7- Music and Musical Performance)

What I Need To Know 55 What I Know 55 What’s In 56 What’s New 56 What is it 57 What’s More 58 Independent Practice

What I Have Learned 59 What I Can Do 59 Assessment 60 Guided Assessment

Independent Assessment

Additional Activities 61 Lesson 8- ( Performance Task: Rubrics) 62 POSTTEST 63 ANSWER KEYS 65 REFERENCES 71

Introductory Message Welcome to the Music 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Music of the 20th Century Styles.

This module describes distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century styles which were collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you- the teacher or facilitator. It helps the learners in meeting the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their ability to adapt to change. Note to the Teacher In response to the need for today’s challenging new normal way of living due to pandemic, this module for Grade 10 learners is the first book uniquely designed to achieve the goals set by the Department of Education. It is expected that with the use of the modern technologies that we have, millennial teachers are foretold to be more innovative, creative, resilient, and orally competent. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learner’s progress while allowing them to manage their learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. Note to the Learners Learning occurs anywhere and anytime. With this, modules are developed to address the Education for All (EFA) goals of our country. As you go through the pages, you will discover the variety of learning and insights on the 20th century music with the help of technology. You will also appreciate the easy-to-follow lesson format and new the concepts introduced with an interesting application followed by a clear explanation and examples. The writer of the module would like to commend you on giving time to answer some activities designed to develop your knowledge and skills in learning the music in the 20th century and its musical elements and styles. Your decision to engage yourself in learning this module is a worthwhile experience for you as a learner. Note to the Parents/Guardian As a parent/guardian, you are expected to participate and facilitate diverse learning experiences and activities of your child outside the school premises. We believe that your engagement will create conditions in which your child learns more effectively. By assessing your child in taking up his/her lessons, you will become an important factor in your child’s overall learning and education. Good luck! Hope you will enjoy working with this module.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following: • Take your time reading the lessons carefully. • Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently. • Answer all the given tests and exercises. Icons of this Module

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone in this endeavour. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies.

In this module, you will learn to evaluate and assess the composers and the musical elements applied in the 20th century.

The module is divided into seven lessons, namely: • Lesson 1 – Impressionism to Modern Nationalism • Lesson 2 – Characteristic Style and Movements • Lesson 3 – Music Performance Practice • Lesson 4 – Musical Forms • Lesson 5— Music and Visual Arts of the 20th Century • Lesson 6—The Exploration of Arts and Media in Music • Lesson 7—Music and Musical Performance

After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century styles; 2. Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) of 20th century music; 3. Relate 20th century music to other art forms and media during the same period; 4. Perform music sample from the 20th century 5. Evaluate music and music performances using guided rubrics.

What I Need to Know

Pre-Assessment Directions: Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which one of the musical compositions of Sergie Prokofeiff is intended only for children? A. Romeo and Juliet C. Peter and Wolf B. War and Peace D. Song of the Bagpipe 2. How many years did the Mikrokosmos, as one of the exceptional works of Bartok last? A. 12 B.13 C.14 D.15 3. Who among the composers was born to musical parents and died on September 26, 1945, in New York City? A. Bela Bartok C. Igor Stravinsky B. Sergei Prokofieff D. George Gershwin 4. Who was the proponent of the Neo-classicism? A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold Schoenberg 5. Which of the following countries Claude Debussy was born? A. Germany B. Italy C. France D. Sweden 6. Which of the following phrases is an appropriate meaning of Syncopation? A. On-the-beat accent C. Off-the-beat accent B. On-the-air of accent D. On-the-speeding up the tempo 7. Which one of the following basic related terms of meter cannot be observed through the standard patterns used by the conductors? A. Andante B. Quadruple C. Triple D. Duple 8. Which of the following musical elements refers to the horizontal and linear presentation of a pitch? A. Dynamics B. Melody C. Harmony D. Form 9. Which texture of music gives a pattern of regular or irregular pulses occur of strong and weak melodic and harmonic beats? A. Rhythm B. Harmony C. Melody D. Movement 10. Which movement of music that depicts the particular emotions, responses of objects, and events arouse in the artist? A. Modern-nationalism C. Impressionism B. Expressionism D. Neo-classical 11. Which movement of music seeks to return in aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly defined concept? A. Avant-garde C. Neo-classicism C. Expressionism D. Impressionism 12. Which of the following choices that is invented by the performers and in making or doing something which is not planned? A. Active B. Domineering C. Progressive D. Improvisation 13. Which of the following melodies is described as smooth, easy to sing and play? A. Conjunct C. Dissonance B. Consonance D. Disjunct 14. Which kind of musical element produces different sound qualities depending on the characteristic of its pattern? A. Theme B. Texture C. Pitch D. Tone/Timber 15. Which attitude of a composer is described as the ability to make new things or think of new ideas? A. Creative B. Possessive C. Advance D. Timid

This lesson will help you understand the distinctive musical elements of given pieces at the same time the cultural and historical background of the composers of the 20th century. If you encounter problems and difficulties in answering it, seek assistance from your teacher or facilitator. You can also consult your peers or refer to the module you have studied previously for reference and guidance. You may check your work with your teachers.

In this lesson, you are expected to:

• Describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century styles.

Directions: Inside the box are the names of the prominent composers in the 20th century. Identify the pictures by writing the number on the space provided before each name.

PROMINENT COMPOSERS

____Arnold Schoenberg ____Claude Debussy

____ Igor Stravinsky ____ Joseph Maurice Ravel ____Francis Poulenc ____ George Gershwin ____Bela Bartok ____Phillip Glass ____Leonard Bernstein ____Sergei Prokofeiff ____William Schuman ____ Nikolai Korsakov ____ Alexander Borodin ____ Mily Balakirev ____Ramon Santos ____ Lucresia Kasilag

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Welcome to the first topic of the lesson. You will be

learning the transition of the music of the 20th century. So,

what are you waiting for? Start having fun and be informed

of the different movements in music.

In your lessons on vocal music of the romantic period in Grade 9, you sang and performed themes of selected songs. Vocal music was one of the best tools for expressing one’s feelings. The romantic period’s basic quality is emotional subjectivity, the composer’s feelings of grandiosity, intimacy, unpredictability, sadness, rapture, and longing. To fully understand and appreciate music as a whole, this module will let you experience and explore the transitory period in the music of the 20th century. Through understanding the past, we learn to appreciate the things

we enjoy today.

Music of the 20th Century:

The musical works of the 20th century introduced new styles and movements of music with dissonances, percussive sounds, and irregular rhythms. Music of the 20th century was greatly influenced by the movements in Europe in the context of Impressionism, Expressionism, Neo-classicism, Avant-Garde and Modern Nationalism. These musical movements contribute various styles and distinctive compositions and arrangements behind their innovative and experimental styles.

“The Transitory Period and the Musical Movement”

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What is It

1. IMPRESSIONISM

It is a musical style that produces new indirect musical colors that lightly overlapped in different chords with each other. It works on nature sounds like the splashing of the waves, flowing river, chirping of the birds, and the soft music evoked and its beauty, likeness, and brilliance. Impressionism normally gives the feeling of finality to a piece, moods and textures, harmonic vagueness about the structure of certain chords, and the use of a whole-tone scale.

Among the most famous impressionist composers in the world, both developed a particular style of composition were Claude Debussy and Joseph Maurice Ravel.

CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918)

He was born last August 22, 1862, in St. Germain-en-Laye in France. With his intention to change the sequence of music from traditional and conventional ways, he found new ways in evolving into a new language of possibilities in harmony, rhythm, form, texture, and color which describes distinctive musical elements. He acquired and gained refutations as an erratic pianist and rebel in theory and harmony added with other systems of musical composition because of his passion for music. Fortunately won the top prize at the Prix de Rome competition with his composition (“L’ Enfant Prodigue”). Among his composition were represented by the following works: Ariettes Oubliees, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, String Quartet, Pelleas et Melisande (1895), La Mer (1905), Images, Suite Bergamasque, and Estampes, Claire de Lune (moonlight). He was able to compose musical pieces more or less 227 which include orchestral music, chamber music, piano music, operas, ballets, songs, and other vocal music. He was inspired by Franz Liszt, Fredrick Chopin, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Giuseppe Verdi. He was called the “Father of the modern school of composition” that marks him on the styles of later 20th century composers like Igor Stravinsky, Edgar Varese, and Olivier Messiaen. He ventured visual arts through the influenced by Monet, Pissarro, Manet, Degas and Renoir. Furthermore, he indulged also in literary arts significantly influenced by Mallarme, Verlaine, and Rimbaud. As a person he was tender, loving and compassionate, he died with cancer in Paris last March 25, 1918 at the height of the First World War.

4 MAURICE RAVEL (1875-1937)

He was the son of a Basque mother and a Swiss father and born in Ciboure, France. At the age of 14, he entered the Paris Conservatory with the eminent French composer Gabriel Faure and composed a number of masterpieces where he studied music. He characterized with unique innovative but not an atonal style of harmonic treatment with intricate and sometimes modal and extended chordal components. Ravel’s works are only musically satisfying but also pleasantly dissonant elegantly sophisticated applying harmonic progressions and modulations. Refining his delicacy and color, contrast and effects add to the difficulty in the proper execution of the musical passages with water in its flowing and stormy moods, as well as with human characterizations where many of his works dealt with it. He was a perfectionist composer adheres to classical form specifically ternary structure; he was considered as a strong advocate of Russian music and admired the music of Chopin, Liszt, Schubert, and Mendelsshon. Ravel’s output comprises approximately 60 pieces for piano, chamber music, song cycles, ballet, and opera. These are the following works: • Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899) • Jeux d’Eau or Water Fountains (1901) • String Quartet (1903) • Sonatine for Piano (c.1904) • Miroirs (Mirrors), 1905 • Gaspard de la Nuit (1908) • Valses Nobles et Sentimentales (1911) • Le Tombeau de Couperin (c.1917) • Rhapsodie Espagnole • Bolero • Daphnis et Chloe (1912) • La Valse (1920) • Tzigane (1922) Unfortunately, he died with Aphasia on December 28, 1937. 2. EXPRESSIONISM

Expressionism presents atonality and the twelve-tone scale revealing composer’s mind, expressing strong emotions, anxiety, rage, and alienation. It expresses the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality. One of the proponents of expressionism is Arnold Schoenberg.

5 ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)

Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer born last September 13, 1874, in a working-class of Suburb of Vienna, Austria. He was famous as the exponent of the twelve-tone system with twelve tones related only to one another also known as the serial technique. He was influenced by Richard Wagner, a German composer. His contribution to music includes atonality, meaning the absence of key evolved from an emphasis on chromatic harmony in the liberal use of the twelve tones in a chromatic scale. Apart from it, he also includes serialism and Sprechstimmre which is a manner of performing a song with half-sung and half-spoken. In 1908, he began to write approximately 213 musical compositions include concerte, orchestral music, piano music, opera, choral music, songs, and other instrumental music. His works include the following: • Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op. 1 • Pierrot Lunaire, • Gurreleider • Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899) He died last July 13, 195, in Los Angeles, California, USA where he had settled since 1934. 3. NEOCLASSICISM Neo-classicism music is different from the two movements. This is light, entertaining, cool, and independent of its emotional content. The composition style used by the composer was the seven-note diatonic scale. This period combines tonal harmonies applying with slight dissonance which has a three- movement format like shifting time signatures, complex but exciting rhythmic patterns, as well as harmonic dissonance that produce harsh chords. The composers of this time in neo-classicism are Francis Poulenc, Igor Stravinsky, Paul Hindemith, and Sergei Prokofeiff. IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)

Igor Stravinsky was a Russian born composer and conductor who became both and American and a French citizen, he was born last June 17, 1882, in Oraniaenbaum (now Lomonosov) Russia. His style of music is neoclassical which uses scale, cords, and tone color in a clear and traditional way with frequent changes in meter signature, offbeat syncopation, and displacing regular accent as he utilize. He adopted the forms of 18th century music with his contemporary style of writing, very structured, precise, controlled, full of artifice, and theatricality despite its shocking modernity. In 1939, he went to USA and venture another style of music to experience his passion and

6 wanted to integrate his knowledge in Russian music. However, he opted and slowly turned back into his nationalistic style of Russian music and cultivate his neoclassical style in which Stravinsky’s work. Stravinsky was able to produce a musical output of approximately 127 works, including concerti, orchestral music, instrumental music, operas, and ballets, solo vocal, and choral music. On April 6, 1971 he died in New York City. The following are the works of Stravinsky: Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), The Rite of Spring (1913), The wedding (1923), AND Agon (1957), orchestral music like Symphonies of wind instruments (1920), concerto for pianos and winds (1924), Dumbarton Oaks Concerto (1938), Symphony in C (1940), Symphony in 3 movements (1945), and Ebon concerto (1945); choral music like Symphony of Psalms (1930), Canticum Sacrum (1955), Threni (1958), and Requiem Canticles (1966); and operas like The Rake’s Progress (1951), opera oratorio Oedipus Rex (1927), and other dramatic works like the Soldier’s Hale (1918). SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891-1953)

He was born last 1891 in Ukraine. He combined the movements of music like Neoclassicism, Nationalism, and Avant-Garde composition. With his progressive technique, pulsating rhythms, melodic directness, and a resolving dissonance he was uniquely recognized. In writing symphonies, chamber music, concerte, and solo instrumental music, he became a productive and prolific composer. He worked and linked with other composers, combined styles of Haydn and Mozart as classicist and Igor Stravinsky as Neo-Classicist also inspired by Beethoven with two highly regarded violin concerte and two string quartets. With his desire to write music for the ballet and opera, he was given a chance to contact with Diaghilev and Stravinsky for Romeo and Juliet for ballet, and War and Peace for opera. He intendedly wrote a light-hearted orchestral work for children to pacify the continuing government restrictions and disciplinary actions at the time of Avant-Garde composers entitled Peter and the Wolf. He died in Moscow on March 15, 1953.

BELA BARTOK (1881-1945) Bela Bartok was born last March 25, 1881 in Nagyszentmiklos, Hungary (Romania). Began lessons with his mother and made folk songs transcription. He opened the way to new modal kinds of harmony and irregular meter. He was a Hungarian composer and pianist, created a distinctive musical style using folk music. He excelled in instrumental music writing many works for solo piano pieces, six string quartets and other chamber music, three concertos for piano, one for violin and several compositions for orchestras, the

7 reinterpreted, traditional-musical forms like the rondo, fugue, and sonata. He utilized changing meters and strong syncopations in his music style. The six string quartet is the greatest achievement of his creative life that lasted for full 30 years for their completion. He combined difficult and dissonant music with mysterious sounds as description of the composition. Approximately 700 musical compositions include concerti, orchestral music, piano music, instrumental music, dramatic music, choral music, and songs. The concerto for orchestra in 1943, is a five-movement work featuring the exceptional talents of each various soloist in an intricately constructive piece. On the other hand, Allegro Barbaro (1911) drew percussive sounds with swirling rhythms where a solo piano is punctuated. Meanwhile, Mikrokosmos contains a collection of six books as a legacy in music introducing and familiarizing contemporary harmony and rhythm to the piano students technically and progressively. In 1940, he left Hungary for the United States. On September 26, 1945, he died of leukemia in New York City Hospital.

4. AVANT-GARDE

This form of music was considered as the vanguard of experimentation or innovation period. The existing aesthetic and conventional type of music has been put on to criticize, rejecting the status quo in favor of unique or original elements. Adopting extreme composition within a certain tradition the so- called “Experimental Music”. The new attitude will be altered toward musical movement and it varies in the continuity where the notes being grouped into. The proponents of the Avant-Garde Movement of Music are George Gershwin, Leonard Bernstein, and Phillip Glass.

GEORGE GERSHWIN He was considered as a phenomenal composer, a cross-over artist, and a father of American Jazz. Noteworthy of evidence with his numerous songs, serious compositions remain highly popular in the classical repertoire, and with the mixture of the primitive and sophisticated music which lasted long after his death. He composed 369 musical works, including orchestral music, chamber music, musical theater, film musicals, operas, and songs.

Among the compositions are the following: Rhapsody in Blue (1924), and American in Paris (1928), Porgy and Bess (1934). He was fascinated with classical music influenced by Ravel, Stravinsky, Berg, and Schoenberg as well as the group of contemporary that shapes the character of his major works like half jazz and half classical known as “Les Six”. He died last July 11, 1937 in Hollywood, California, USA.

8 LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)

This notable composer was born in Massachusetts, USA, he commended himself as a charismatic conductor, pianist, composer, and lecturer to his many followers. On November 14, 1943, he was requested to be a substitute for the ailing Bruno Walter in conducting the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in a concert. Bernstein’s compositions for the stage are the key that made people known him. Among these is the musical West Side Story (1957), an American version of Romeo and Juliet, which displays a tuneful, off-beat, and highly atonal approach to the songs. Other outputs include another Broadway hit Candide (1956) and the much-celebrated Mass (1971). His musical compositions total around 90. He composed the music for the film On the Waterfront (1954). He was fondly remembered for his television series “Young People’s Concerts” (1958–1973) that demonstrated the sounds of the various orchestral instruments and explained basic music principles to young audiences, as well as his Harvardian Lectures. He died on October 14, 1990, in New York City, USA.

PHILLIP GLASS (1937) He is one of the Avant-Garde composers who also explored the areas of ballet, opera, theatre, film, and even television jingles. His style of music was criticized as uneventful and shallow because of its application to new sound yet effective and compelling style. He was born in New York, USA of Jewish parents, and learned violin and flute at the age of 15. He was inspired by a renowned Indian satirist Ravi Shankar, and assisted the recording soundtrack for Conrad Rooks film Chappaqua. He produced and formed ensemble works such as Music in Similar Motion (1969), Music in Changing Paris (1970). He has several achievements in the light of music, are the following three operas:

Einstein on the Beach (1976) § Collaborated with Robert Wilson in conceptualizing and produce four-hour opera and instantly sold –out during the play at New York Metropolitan Opera House Satyagraha (1980) and Akhnaten (1984) § Based on the lives of the prominent people in the world like Mahatma Gandhi, Leo Tolstoy, Martin Luther King, and Egyptian pharaoh. In this time, he combined the overlapping style of composition blended with a repetitive signature in the grandeur on stage. He obtained 170 compositions and now living in Nova Scotia, Canada, and New York, USA.

9 5. MODERN NATIONALISM

Nationalistic composers and musical innovators were misled in the 20th century music development combined with modern techniques with folk materials. Prominent Russian composers like Bela Bartok and Sergei Prokofieff who were the neoclassicist infused classical techniques crossing rhythms and shifting meters. They made extensive use of polytonality that uses two or more tonal centers simultaneously. In Russia, five highly considered gifted individuals that infused chromatic harmony, incorporated with Russian folk music, liturgical chants in their thematic materials namely Modest Mussorgsky, Mili Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui, and Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov. Furthermore, Erik Satie, a French composer who gave a colorful figure in the early 20th century, specifically avant-garde and modern nationalism.

Activity 1.1: I FILL IN LOVE WITH MUSIC! Directions: Fill in the table below to complete the 20th Century Composer’s Timeline.

Name of Composer Year Noted Accomplishment Claude Debussy His creative style was characterized by his unique approach to the various musical elements. 1875 – 1937 The harmonic progressions and modulations of his works are musically satisfying, pleasantly dissonant, and elegantly sophisticated. Arnold Schoenberg 1874 - 1951 Igor Stravinsky His works featured shifting rhythms and polytonality, also has a new level of dissonance was reached a sense of tonality was abandoned. 1881 – 1945 He utilized changing meters and strong syncopations in his compositions and have rich melodies and lively rhythms Sergei Prokofieff 1891 – 1953

10 1899 – 1963 His compositions had a cooly elegant modernity, tempered by a classical sense of proportion. George Gershwin He is a cross-over artist because his serious compositions remain highly popular in the classical repertoire. Leonard Bernstein 1918 – 1990 Philip Glass He explored the territories of ballet, opera, theater, film and television jingles.

Activity 1.2: MATCH ME!

Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank provided before each number. A B ___ 1. Claire de Lune A. Claude Debussy ___ 2. Tonight from Westside Story B. Igor Stravinsky ___ 3. Verklarte Nacht C. Leonard Bernstein ___ 4. AN American in Paris D. Sergei Prokofieff ___ 5. The Rite of Spring E. George Gershwin ___ 6. Allegro F. Bela Bartok ___ 7. Romeo and Juliet G. Arnold Schoenberg ___8. Petrouchka H. Joseph Maurice Ravel ___9. La Mer I. Francis Poulenc ___10. Mirroirs (mirrors) J. Philip Glass

Activity 1.3: CONCEPT MAP!

Directions: Fill in the boxes below to complete the concept map. Write the musical compositions made by the given composer.

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1. Igor Stravinsky is a composer of Neoclassicism who is known for his unique style. 2. The captivating sounds of the environment are revealed by Impressionistic music. 3. One of the creative composers who used folk music in his compositions is Bela Bartok. 4. Claude Debussy is known for his unique style as an impressionistic composer. 5. Arnold Schoenberg is one of the most favorite expressionistic composers in his time. 6. Leonard Bernstein is one of the Avant Garde from the United States who was renowned for his stage musical and his music lectures for young people. 7. George Gershwin is a true “crossover artist”, and he was considered as the “Father of American jazz” in the sense that his serious compositions remain highly popular in the classical repertoire.

Directions: Fill in the missing blanks to complete the sentence. The music of the 20th century unlocks the difficulty and opens the doors of making composition of several composers.

1. The music of the 20th century comprises musical movement with distinctive styles. These are the ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______. 2. Most of the impressionist works concentrate on nature and its ,______,______,______. 3. Joseph Maurice Ravel has several works which deal with water in its flowing or stormy ______as well as human______. 4. These two major proponents of Impressionism namely______and ______work sound quite similar in terms of their harmonic and textual characteristics. 5. Romeo and Juliet (ballet) and War and Peace (opera) are the works of ______. 6. Francis Poulenc was one of the members of the Les Six group, among the others are______and ______.

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Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following music characterize its works centered on nature and its beauty, likeness and brilliance? A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism B. Expressionism D. Minimalism 2. Which movement of music characterizes the composer’s mind, instead of presenting an impression of the environment? A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism B. Expressionism D. Minimalism 3. Which musical style deals with the parameters of sound in space with an absence of traditional rules on harmony, melody, and rhythm? A. Impressionism C. Modern nationalism B. Expressionism D. Avant-grade 4. Which type of musical style that has a freer seven-note diatonic scale? A. Neoclassicism C. Avant-Garde B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism 5. Which music of the 20th century seeks to combine modern techniques focusing on nationalist composers and innovators? A. Neo-classicism C. Avant-Garde B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism 6. Who was the proponent of Claire de Lune and the foremost impressionist composer? A. Joseph Maurice Ravel C. Claude Debussy B. Arnold Schoenberg D. Claude Monet 7. Which of the following countries Claude Debussy was born? A. Germany B. Italy C. France D. Sweden 8. Which of the following composers created a system of pitch organization based on the chromatic pitches called twelve tone series? A. Arnold Schoenberg C. Claude Monet B. Joseph Maurice Ravel D. Claude Debussy 9. Who among the proponents of the Neoclassicism is considered as a great trendsetter of the 20th century? A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold Schoenberg 10. Which of the following works of Arnold Schoenberg is considered as one of his earliest successful pieces? A. Verklarte Natch (Three Pieces for Piano, op.11) C. Gurreleider B. Pierrot Lunaire D. Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1899)

13 11. Who among the following composers was born to musical parents and died on September 26, 1945, in New York City? A. Bela Bartok C. Igor Stravinsky B. Sergei Prokofieff D. George Gershwin 12. Which of the following is NOT the work of Bela Bartok? A. Six String Quartet C. Allegro Barbaro B. Concerto for Orchestra D. The Rite of Spring 13. How many years did the Mikrokosmos as one of the exceptional works of Bartok? A. 12 B.13 C.14 D.15 14. Which of the following composers combined the Neoclassicism, modern nationalism and Avant-Garde musical style? A. Bela Bartok C. Igor Stravinsky B. Sergei Prokofieff D. George Gershwin 15. Which of the following compositions of Sergei Prokofieff is intended for children? A. Romeo and Juliet C. Peter and Wolf B. War and Peac D. Song of the Bagpipe

Directions: Read the statements related to movement style in music. In the spaces provided, write T if the statement is true, and F if the statement is false. 1. ______Twentieth century music has adopted the sounds of the modern period which include synthesizers, electronics and computers. 2. ______Impressionism comprises styles and ideas, especially those that are decidedly unconventional. 3. ______Impressionistic style in music makes use of dissonant. 4. ______Expressionistic music is attributed to Claude Debussy. 5. ______Modern nationalistic music is light, entertaining and independent of its emotional content.

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Lesson Characteristic Style and Movements of Music 2

In this lesson, you are expected to:

Ø describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century styles.

What I Know

Directions: Look for the musical terms in the word puzzle. Encircle the terms that you can find inside the box. elements of music dynamic rhythm melody texture form duration harmony tone color basic related terms E L E M E N T S O F M U S I C R R R T U N B E N G L A G I H K M L O P B H N T G F B W G B M U L B F J Q C G M L D Y N A M I C C V A D H Y M F J K L O N G S T B A N D A J C F O R M T O R N I A D O O H F G U K O G U R L S D E T C H Y D O L E M E N C A R I M P R E U S S I A N I S M C O R O L E S Q W E R T R U N M R H A R M O N O I U D D D E R A J A R E S M T M E Z Z O P I A N O C H U R L T C A S O F R A G N M J Y U L D A B T C D I E F G N H I J K L M O N P Q R V E X M O O N H K Y Y U O K O N M K L Q W D E E F I N I N G T O N E C O L O R L E S E R T B A S I C R E L A T E D T E R M S Q A. To further recognize the instruments in the orchestra, listen to the different orchestral genre composed by Sergei Prokofieff entitled “Peter and the Wolf with this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfM7Y9Pcdzw.

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. The composers of the 20th century were discussed and their cultural background and individual achievement were shared. In the context of musical elements and its characteristics on how composers compose a song, this module will fully help understand and describe the distinctive elements given by the composer. Let us discover the different characteristics employed, learn to appreciate and bear out the best of the things that happen today.

The Characteristics Style of Music in the 20th Century

The musical movements from impressionism to modern nationalism contribute various styles and distinctive compositions and arrangements behind their innovative and experimental styles. The continuity of change in ideas, techniques, and variations of styles from one piece of music to another had greatly influenced by the elite composers who brought honor and fame to its nation. Diversity of musical elements may opt to continue making great things happen in this world of music. In order to understand the characteristics, and movements of impressionistic music, let us listen to the work of Claude Debussy entitled “La Mer” with this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOCucJw7iT8

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1. RHYTHM It is one of the elements of music that gives structure and pulse of the music. The following structures are the duration, tempo and meter. 2. DYNAMICS Dynamics is part of the musical elements that relate to the loudness or quietness of music. Basic terms related to dynamics are crescendo, diminuendo, and accent. 3. MELODY It is a musical element that focuses on the horizontal or linear presentation of various scales. Melodies can be described into conjunct and disjunct.

4. HARMONY It is the opposite of melody. It focuses on the verticalization of the pitch. It is thought to be as an art of combining pitches into chords and carefully and usually arranged into a sentence like patterns called progression. In this context, the dissonance, and consonance are the terms being described in harmony. Other terms that may relate to this are modality, tonality, and atonality of the music composition. 5. TONE COLOR It is a musical element that produces different and unique characteristics that have obviously produced by the singer. Another term for this is timber (Tam-ber). 6. TEXTURE This musical element refers to the number of individual musical lines and the relationship of these lines to each other. Texture can be classified into monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic. 7. MUSICAL FORM It is an order of melodic, harmonic and rhythmic events of a piece. It designates musical division brought to a repetition of melodic material and or the presentation of new yet contrasting material. Forms can be described into strophic, through- composed, binary and ternary Form.

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Activity 1.1: MUSICAL ELEMENTS CHART Directions: Based on the cultural content of the previous lesson of different composers, musical elements have been discussed. Recapitulate the distinctive elements of music used by the composer. Put a check (/) on the elements that corresponds the description of the musical piece being discussed. Attach is the link for listening.

Composers y Form Timbre Melody Texture Rhythm Harmon Dynamic Claude Debussy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOCucJw7iT8 Maurice Ravel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A4Lxm3IpvY Arnold Schoenberg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h5Xc-rUef4 Igor Stravinsky

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvXlFKvpoOg Sergei Prokofeiff

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coxgnE3aTs0 Bela Bartok

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRxjd2ETSo Leonard Bernstein

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujxHq8i7fgE Phillip Glass

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Jk6E9E1CN0

Activity 1.2: NOTEWORTHY TO REMEMBER! Directions: Fill in the box with at least one (1) distinctive musical element and its basic related terms used by the composer.

MUSICAL NAME OF COMPOSER BASIC RELATED TERMS ELEMENTS Claude Debussy Rhythm Beat, tempo, syncopation Joseph Maurice Ravel Arnold Schoenberg Igor Stravinsky Bela Bartok Sergei Prokofieff Francis Poulenc George Gershwin Leonard Bernstein Philip Glass

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1. Maurice Ravel satisfied his works and pleasantly applying the elements of Harmony particularly Dissonance like https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0JkINDaXCk 2. Arnold Schoenberg emphasized the Twelve Tones in a chromatic scale. 3. Igor Stravinsky displaced a kind of music that frequently changed into Timber or Tone Color. 4. Sergei Prokofeiff technically used the dissonance harmony, and pulsating rhythm. 5. Bela Bartok described his composition into a combination of difficult and dissonant music. 6. Leonard Bernstein displayed an offbeat composition which made him known for the stage play entitled American version of Romeo and Juliet. 7. Phillip Glass explored the areas of ballet, opera and theater film. 8. Modern Nationalism infused classical techniques with Rhythm and Tempo. 9. Modest Mussorgsky, Mili Balakirev,Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui, and Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov were the Russian composers who infused chromatic harmony incorporated with folk music. 10. Musical Elements describe the composition of the prominent composers in the 20th century music.

Directions: Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with the most appropriate word/s or phrase/s. 1. Claude Debussy was known as “______”. 2. Joseph Maurice Ravel admired the music of ______, ______and ______. 3. Arnold Schoenberg began to write in 1901. His contributions to music reached up to approximately ______compositions. 4. Igor Stravinsky was able to produce 127 works with different and distinctive style of music like______and ______. 5. Bela Bartok utilized changing ______and strong ______in his music style.

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Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following musical elements is not basically used by Claude Debussy in his musical composition? A. Harmony B. Form C. Rhythm D. Dynamic 2. Which among the musical forms one of the elements that described the composition of many composers? A. Strophic B. Binary C. Dissonance D. Ternary Form 3. Which type of texture produces one note sounding at a time? A. Monophonic B. Homophonic C. Polyphonic D. Heterophonic 4. Which of the following best define a tempo? A. It is the speed of beat. C. It is how long a sound last. B. It is how fast a music . D. It is how the silence stops. 5. Which of the basic terms describe the word syncopation? C. On-the-beat accent C. Off-the-beat accent D. On-the-air of accent D. On-the-speeding up the tempo 6. Which of the following is NOT a basic related term of Harmony? A. Modality B. Atonality C. Tonality D. Dissonant 7. Which one of the following basic related terms of meter cannot be observed through the standard patterns used by the conductors? B. Andante B. Quadruple C. Triple D. Duple 8. Which of the following Italian term signifies a very quiet level of dynamics? A. Piano B. Fortissimo C. Pianissimo D. Mezzo-piano 9. Which of the following musical element refers to the horizontal and linear presentation of a pitch? B. Dynamics B. Melody C. Harmony D. Form 10. Which of the following does not belong to the basic terms of harmony? A. Modality B. Tonality C. Atonality D. Dissonant 11. Which type of texture has two or more independent melodies at the same time? A. Monophonic B. Polyphonic C. Homophonic D. Heterophonic 12. Which one of the basic terms in harmony defining the modern harmony that AVOIDS any sense of a home key center? A. Modality B. Atonality C. Tonality D. Conjunctly 13. Which of the following melodies that described as smooth, easy to sing and play? A. Dissonance B. Disjunct C. Consonance D. Conjunct 14. Which group of melody is a basis for an extended musical work? A. Theme B. Tone C. Pitch D. Scale 15. Which kind of musical element produces different sound qualities depending on the characteristic of its pattern? A. Theme B, Tone/Timber C. Pitch D. Texture

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Directions: 1. Students’ Online Activity: Listen to the select composition of the composers. Characterize their works by simply checking the different basic terms of musical elements that they are using. 2. Students’ Offline Activity: Refer to the textbook “HORIZONS” on Grade 10, find the page number and study the composition. Characterize their works by simply checking the basic terms of musical elements that they are using. MUSICAL CHARACTERIZATION CHART Texture Rhythm Tempo Harmony

Title of the Music Fast Slow Triple Duple Tonality Modality Atonality Moderate Quadruple Polyphonic Monophonic Homophonic Claude Debussy: Claire de Lune (Moonlight)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l

Xptv3RHMTs Horizon Book page no. 6 Joseph Maurice Ravel: “Bolero”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

Q4wb11w0ZHQ Horizon Book page no.8 Arnold Schoenberg “Three Piano Pieces, OP.11.No.1” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V

eTFxbsVGrI Horizon Book page no.10 Ramon Santos Daragang Magayon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5

haN3qsF-V4 Jose Maceda Udlot-Udlot https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V

3gvVrEG03U Lucresia Kasilag https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i

aPlyJDdlqU

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This lesson will help you explain the performance practices of the 20th century music, from its setting, composition, the role of composers/performers and audiences. In this lesson, you are expected to explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) of 20th century music.

Directions: Below is the arrangement of the instruments in an orchestra. Classify the instruments according to their types as to Chordophone, Membranophone, Aerophone, and Idiophone copy the table on your notebook. Chordophone Aerophone Membranophone Idiophone

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In your previous lesson, you have learned and explored the transitory period of music in the 20th century. To fully understand and appreciate music as a whole, you will experience and explore the performance practices of the 20th century music through its setting, composition, the role of composers/performers, and audiences. Unquestionably, electronics is the major new influence on 20th-century music performance. Even further the potential audience for concert, artists, broadcasting, and recording were widened, and at the same time, they tended to decrease the physical necessity for large new public performance arenas.

Musical Elements Used in Stages

A Composition is a highly disciplined art that requires mastery over often very sophisticated materials and a creative impulse which origins and mental processes remain a mystery. In the 20th century, there are elements of music and musical styles observed, and these are the elements that tend to be basic but were enhanced by the composers of different movements carried out to the height of their knowledge, talent, and skills.

These elements are evident from the different stages of movements of music in the 20th century.

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Activity 1: WHAT’S IN ME!!!! Directions: Complete the table below by answering the improvised elements or irregularities observed in each stage of musical movements. Improvised Elements of Music or Stages Irregularities Observed Post- Romanticism Electronic Music Jazz Serialism Expressionism Indeterminacy a.k.a Aleatoric Music Impressionism Neo-Classicism Minimalism Neo-Romanticism

There are stages of musical movements. These stages have distinct characteristics and they contain the improved musical elements that were used in the performances of the 20th century music. This became the performance practices of all musical genres that were observed in this generation.

Composers and performers have a big role in defining these musical elements into their compositions and performances. From basic elements, they made them into more complex but more refining that is good to hear. These elements are evident in the following stages of music the movement:

POST- ROMANTICISM was characterized by chromatic harmonies, programmatic elements, expansive melodies, and lush orchestration.

ELECTRONIC MUSIC stepped in the later part of the 20th century and was created wholly or in part through electronic means or recording devices such as tape recorders, synthesizers, and/ or computers. A musical style was developed initially by African Americans in Chicago and New York by emphasizing syncopation and inflected melodies called jazz.

24 The Second Viennese School also developed serialism (sometimes used as a synonym for dodecaphonic) which consists of any number of musical constraints that are organized using specific order through manipulation. INDETERMINACY, also known as Aleatoric Music is a style that evolved in the mid-20th century which relied on randomness and chance. Parallel harmonies and the use of a non-traditional scale were also observed in French-style compositions in impressionism that occurs in the late 19th and early 20th century. Also, a German-style is marked by angular melodies, extreme dissonance, irregular rhythmic groupings developed in early 20th called expressionism.

MINIMALISM in music was characterized by the endless repetition of short melodic patterns, complex cross-rhythms, and the tonal/ modal principles. In the late 20th century, neo-romanticism musical style was developed that returned the tonal principles characterized by heightened emotion.

Directions: Write the improvisation used in each element of the musical style during the 20th century.

Activity 1: My Way of Improvisation!

BASIC ELEMENTS IMPROVISATION

1. Melody Expansive Melody

2. Harmony

3. Rhythm

4. Syncopation

5. Dynamics

6. Tone color

25 Activity 2. WORD GAME: REMEMBER ME IN 3! Directions: Unscramble the letters to form a word or words related to the music performance of the 20th century. Write the word/ words on the space provided. 1. RELACITOA

2. SOMPISMESRIIN

3. CRELONRITE

4. STOPMICRANTOMIS

5. ZAJZ

6. SALMIINIMM

7. ONECRITMOSANMI

8. MILISEARS

9. OPEMXRISNSESI

10. ENOLIIMSAMSCC

A. Describe each term above (using 3 keywords), in the same order, on the space provided below. 1. ______,______,______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______7. ______8. ______9. ______10. ______

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Directions: Below is the basic arrangement of musical instruments in an orchestra. With this as a guide, create your own arrangement by illustrating the musical instruments. Draw your arrangement on a clean sheet of paper.

Note: Use another sheet for your illustration.

Activity 1 Directions: Answer and explain the following: 1. Based on the guide shown above, how does the conductor arrange the musical instruments in an orchestra? (5pts) ______

27 2. Do you think all the instruments in an orchestra drawn above are essential for a successful performance practice of music in the 20th century? Why or why not? (5pts) ______

3. On the illustration you’ve drawn on the previous activity, how did you come up with the arrangement of the musical instruments in an orchestra? Are you familiar with all the instruments necessary for an orchestra? (5pts) ______

Activity 2 Directions: Listen perceptively to the evolution of electronic music that evolved from the 20th century up to the present. Please watch the link on YouTube and answer the questions that follow. https://youtu.be/uKRA68POo 1. What are the developments you can hear on electronic compositions through time? ______2. What are the unique characteristics of electronic music which are not present in Original Pilipino Music (OPM)? ______

3. Give at least five (5) different moods that you have felt while listening to the electronic music.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

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This lesson will help you explain the performance practices of the 20th century music, from its setting, composition, role of composers/performers and audiences. You will also be learning about the different musical form that is currently used in music today.

In this lesson, you are expected to explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) of 20th century music.

IDENTIFICATION Directions: Give what is asked. Write your answers on your activity notebook.

1. The direct opposite of strophic form is ______. 2. The basic elements of form are repetition, variation, and______. 3. When a melodic idea is used as a building block in the construction of a larger work, the phenomenon is called______. 4. A short, repeated musical pattern used as a structural device is known as a/an ______. 5. The musical structure of ABCBA is ______. 6. Music that is made up spontaneously in performance is called ______. 7. One of the basic structures in music is ______, which begins with a statement and ends with a departure, without a return to the opening section. 8. Which form features a statement of an idea, a contrasting idea, and then the return of the first idea (A-B-A)? ______. 9. In through-composed songs, music from previous stanzas is______.

29 10. Which of the following is the most common form in vocal music? _____. 11. A large-scale work, like a symphony, is often broken up into smaller sections called ______. 12. The structure of through-composed songs is ______. 13. The structure of ternary musical form is ______. 14. The musical form that has a structure of ABACA is______. 15. The musical form that has a structure of AB is ______.

In your previous grade lessons, you have learned about the different music from the Baroque Period, Medieval Period, Romantic Period, Classical Period, and 20th Century. These periods taught us how music was and today. Meanwhile, in the previous lesson, you have learned about the stages of movements of music from Post-Romanticism to Neo-Romanticism and the improvisations of the basic elements in each stage. To fully understand and appreciate music as a whole, this lesson will let you experience and explore the Musical forms used by all musicians to create music and how do the performers perform the created piece.

As a musician, it is important to understand the musical form of a piece. Whether you’re a pianist or just curious about music, understanding the musical form helps in the understanding of the structure of a piece. It also speeds up the learning process.

These are the most common musical forms: • Strophic (AAA) • Through-Composed (ABCDE.) • Binary (AB) • Ternary (ABA) • Rondo (ABACA) or (ABACABA) • Arch (ABCBA) • Sonata (Exposition, Development, Recapitulation) • Theme And Variations

It’s important to understand how musical form works because it’s the basic structure of an entire work.

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MUSICAL FORMS

STROPHIC FORM

The strophic form is one of the most common musical forms. It’s also called a song form or verse form. Because of its repetitiveness typically featuring an AAA structure. It is the most basic of all the forms in music.

An example of the strophic form in a folk song would be “Leron Leron Sinta”. A church hymn such as “Amazing Grace” or even a simple nursery tune like “Mary Had A Little Lamb”.

THROUGH-COMPOSED FORM

A composition that is entirely continuous is called “Through-composed form”. It is any large-scale thematic material that is not repeated, and each section sounds like something completely different. Typically, it is featuring the ABCD structure.

It’s non-sectional and everything operates independently of one another. This is a lot different compared to strophic form because nothing is repeated. In song form, through-composed music gives each verse its own unique melody.

In general, through-composed music is really interesting to listen to. None of the music is repeated, so you will only hear something happen once. Most through- composed pieces are quite short, although it is common to hear it being used in some opera works. An example of through-composed music in popular music would be the Bohemian Rhapsody by Queen.

BINARY FORM

The binary form is music with an A and B section. While the material is different in each section, it is closely related. Recognizing a piece of music in binary form requires you to identify where the contrasting material is. Things to look for include changes in rhythm, key signatures, cadences, and other harmonic adjustments.

There are two different versions of binary form. This includes: • Simple Binary • Rounded Binary

In simple binary form, the A material is followed by B material that has moved to the subdominant. So, for example, a piece that starts in C major will conclude in G major.

31 In rounded binary form, the rules mostly remain the same. The difference is that there is more material added to the B section. This material is pulled from part of the A section. Unlike a ternary form, it’s not a completely new section.

TERNARY FORM

The ternary form is defined as ABA structure which means the piece starts with the main theme, goes to contrasting material, and then returns with that exact main theme material to end it.

It looks a lot like rounded binary form, however, the key difference is that the last section operates independently of the B section. Rather than having partial A material, the last section is an entire recapitulation of the main theme. Sometimes the recapitulation can be slightly varied either through rhythm or tempo.

The three sections of ternary form sound appear and sound like complete compositions in themselves. Each of those sections concludes on a perfect authentic cadence, which provides the most closure.

The mood is also an important characteristic of a ternary form. The first section might be quick and lively while the B section is quiet and less intense. Composers who use this form put a great deal of effort ensuring that the B section has a well-defined character that allows each section to sound like their own separate compositions.

Piano sonatas widely use different types of ternary form, especially works by Haydn, Handel, Beethoven, and Scarlatti. It can also be traced back as far as Middle Age music such as the ancient Gregorian chants.

RONDO FORM

The rondo form is an ABACA or ABACABA structure. The most common forms are the 5-part and 7-part Rondo. What you will notice about rondo form is that each section returns to the A section. However, as the sections progress, new material is added in between each A section. It can also be viewed as an extension of either ternary form or binary form. The additional sections help define it from other forms, especially through-composed which only introduced new material.

Sometimes, rondo form can be much broader and be ABACABA or the first B section of a piece in rondo form is usually in the dominant or relative major key. The second B section can trail off to whatever key it needs to. It’s easy to tell if a piece is in Rondo form if you continue to hear material from the A section returning.

Examples of pieces that use rondo form include: • Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony • Mozart’s Eine Kleine Natch Musik • Bach’s E major Violin Concerto • Beethoven’s Piano Sonata Op. 13 (final movement)

32 ARCH FORM The arch form is an ABCBA structure. It is called “Arch” because the structure of the music moves in this form. There is always a new material in each of the first three sections. Once it reaches the C section, the music simply moves in reverse order. It goes back through the B material and concluding with the main A theme. While those sections playback in the reverse order, they can be varied. They can have changes to rhythm and style as long as the thematic material is the same. This musical form is entirely symmetric. While arch form is not as common as ternary or binary, there are some popular instances of this happening in music. The famous composer who was noted to use “rondo” is Bela Bartok. He used it widely in his string quartet music, most notably the fourth and fifth. It is also present in his second piano concerto. Samuel Barber also used arch form in his Adagio for strings. Arch form is essentially a rondo form, but symmetrical. SONATA FORM The sonata form is a musical composition that is organized in three distinct sections. It consists of exposition, development, and recapitulation. In the exposition, we are presented with two subjects, basically binary form. The first subject is in the tonic key while the second moves to the sub dominant. If it is a minor key sonata, then it will work from within the minor key moving to the relative major. Usually, the development section is thicker in musical texture and full in unstable harmonic structure. Instead of just settling in one key, this section will sometimes travel through multiple modulations. The development section features a completely new theme. The recapitulation is a clear restatement of the exposition and rolls in effortlessly out of the development section. It is often varied. Usually, it returns with a different dynamic than it is the first appearance in the exposition. This helps set a new mood. THEME AND VARIATIONS The main theme is developed throughout subsequent sections in this musical form. In the first section, the main theme is first introduced. After that section comes to a close, and the first variation is introduced. This variation along with the rest will follow the same harmonic progressions. In each new variation, there can be changes to the rhythm, articulations, and style of the piece. In some instances, the key signature can also change, however, it will still follow the relative harmonic structure in the new key. Countermelodies are also quite common and continue to add on and change in each variation. There are also changes to the meter, dynamics, mood, and even the instrumentation. Other piano compositions such as Brahms Variations on a Theme by Robert Schumann, Beethoven’s 32 variations in C minor and the Twinkle Twinkle Little Star variations by Mozart are also great examples.

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Activity 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Read the sentence. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Which of the following denotes the number of the main sections in a binary form? A. One B. Three C. Two D. Seventeen 2. Which of the following terms describe a binary form showing a clear cadence in the tonic and melodic key? A. Rounded Sectional C. Rounded Continuous B. Simple Section D. Simple Continuous 3. Which of these types of pieces constitutes a ternary form? A. Both of these C. Da Capo Aria B. Minuet and Trio D. Neither of these 4. Which of the following is the special section included to bring the music back to the original material? A. Retransition B. Transition C. Transitory D. Retaliation 5. Which of the following sections is not commonly held to be a key component of a movement in a sonata form? A. Exposition B. coda C. recapitulation D. development 6. Which movement in symphony would most likely be written in a sonata form? A. The second B. The first C. The fourth D. The third 7. Which of the following composers composed a famous set of 32 variations in C minor for piano based upon a theme? A. Bach B. Beethoven C. Vivaldi D. Purcell 8. In which of the following ways would a five-part rondo be realized? A. ABACA B. ABCDA C. ABABA D. ABCBA 9. The seven-part rondo is often molded into what is called sonata rondo. Which of the following conditions generally hold(s) true for sonata rondos? A. The C episode is highly developmental in nature B. The second B section returns in the tonic key C. Both of these D. Neither of these 10. Which of the following artist usually using a through-composed form? A. Queen B. Platters C. Carpenters D. Chicago

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The purpose of form in music is to create a sense of unity among the elements of a song and make it memorable to the listeners. It is highly common in songs that need to be sung, marched, waltzed/danced and symphonic works. However, it is also used to convey a certain idea or emotion such as a movie score or a symphonic poem. The form can be loose or very structured and it really helps to unify a piece and create a sense of the piece being the same, unlike a through-composed piece which might start at point A and go to point B and never return to point A because it tells a story for instance (although that is technically an example of form too). The form can be as rigid as Rondo (ABACA) or Sonata (Exposition - Development - Recapitulation) or it can be as fluid as a rhapsody which starts at point A, moves to point B then C then back to A to finish. The form can be minimalism and the phasing of different parts like in Steve Reich's, Clapping Music or it can be based on the 12-tone system where you cannot repeat a note until all notes in the form are played.

Directions: Answer the following questions. Choose your answers on the box below and write it on the space provided. 1. What is another name for "part B"? ______2. Which musical form consists of a verse, chorus, and a verse? ______3. What is another name for a verse? ______4. Which form starts with the verse, goes to the chorus, and comes back to the verse? ______5. Which of these is a rondo form? ______6. What is the term for organizing music into sections? ______7. Which song has two sections which are the same? ______8. What is another name for the A and B sections of a song? ______9. What is the A section of a piece of music called? ______10. What is another name for chorus? ______

ABA form Chorus Form Verse and Chorus

Verse Part B ABACA Part A AA ABA

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MULTIPLE CHOICE Directions: Read and understancd. Write answer on your activity notebook.

1. Which of the following is the second section of the sonata form? A. Development C. Recapitulation B. Exposition D. Coda 2. Which is the only form to originate during the classical era? A. Sonata form C. Rondo form B. Theme and variations D. Minuet and trio form 3. Which of the following describes this form? 121 343 121 coda A. Ternary B. Binary C. Minuet and trio D. Arch 4. Which of the following form is in a constant triple meter? A. Rondo form C. Sonata form B. Theme and variations D. Minuet and trio form 5. Which of the following is the third section of the sonata form? A. Development C. Recapitulation B. Exposition D. Coda 6. Which of the following describes this form? A A1 A2 A3 A4 A. Ternary B. Binary C. Theme and Variations D. Arch form 7. Which of the following form has this description? “A simple theme is continually altered” A. Rondo form C. Sonata form B. Theme and variations D. Minuet and trio form 8. Which of the following is the first section of the sonata form? A. Development C. Recapitulation B. Exposition D. Coda 9. Which of the following is a second minuet paired with a first? a. Quartet B. Duet C. Minuet D. Trio 10. Which of the following form denotes this description? A B A C A D A A. Ternary B. Rondo C. Binary D. Arch 11. Which of the following is the optional last section of the sonata form? A. Development B. Exposition C. Recapitulation D. Coda 12. Which of the following is the standard first movement form in the classical era instrumental compositions? A. Sonata form C. Rondo form B. Theme and variations D. Minuet and trio form

36 13. Which of the following is the optional first section of the sonata form? A. Development B. Exposition C. Coda D. Introduction 14. Which form is one of the oldest in music? A. Rondo B. Sonata C. Binary D. Ternary 15. Which of the following form is this? Exposition – Development – Recapitulation A. Rondo B. Sonata C. Binary D. Ternary

SONG LABELLING 1. Write the full lyrics of the song you like. ______2. Label the song as to what Musical Structure/Form it used. ______

3. Label each part as Part A, B, C, or D depending on what structure of song does it fall. ______

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In this lesson, you are expected to relate 20th century music to other art forms and

media during the same period.

IDENTIFICATION

Directions: Identify the characteristics of the following concepts/statements and proponents by answering Impressionism or Expressionism. Write IMP if it is impressionism and EXP for expressionism.

1. Excessive use of timbres( tone color or tone quality) ______

2. Arnold Schoenberg ______

3. It evokes moods and ideas for which the artist seeks to express ______meaning or emotional experience rather than physical reality.

4. It creates an emotional mood rather than a specific picture. ______

5. Pierrot Lunaire ______

6. Claude Debussy ______

7. A style of music that makes use of sound to let the listener feel the ______moods that focus on the structure of music

8. Twelve- tone system ______

9. It conveys true emotion in exaggeration through the application of ______atonality and dissonance 10. Joseph Maurice Ravel ______

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In your previous lessons, you learned about the different musical styles, music performance practices, and explore arts and media in the music of the 20th century. Modern technological advances (especially mass media) have caused rapid changes in musical style, and expanded our knowledge of music from other cultures, further accelerating changes in musical taste while providing a wider range of music to listeners, composers, and performers. The early part of the 20th century brought together an extraordinary group of talented artists, writers and musicians, whose impact would continue to be felt throughout the century as well as into our time.

Just like colors, sounds also evoke emotions, fleeting feelings, or illustrate an atmosphere. They can also relate and tell stories behind the music. In their respective fields, Paul Cézanne and Claude Debussy influenced the artists of the early 20th century, which found their contributions in intellectual circles formed around writers and poets. In this lesson, you will try to relate the music and arts of the 20th century and see how these two aspects are connected through movement styles.

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MUSIC AND ARTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY

IMPRESSIONISM The first modern style to emerge was impressionism developed by French composer Claude Debussy as a rejection of excessive Wagnerian German Romanticism in the late 1890s. Modeled after the impressionistic art movement, musical impressionism is based on understatement, blurred effects, and the creative use of color. Impressionism is an artistic movement that has brought about a change in the creation and perception of art and music. Impressionist art focuses on the use of light and color to create different visual impressions on their paintings. Impressionist music is greatly influenced by impressionist paintings where the real picture of the subject matter is not given much emphasis. Impressionism gives artists the freedom to fully expose their creativity. EXPRESSIONISM Austrian- German composes developed expressionism around the turn of the 1900s, as a blatant expansion of Wagnerian Romanticism. Expressionism is particularly associated with three composers working in Vienna in the early 20th century: Arnold Schoenberg and his two students, Anton Von Webern and Alban Berg. These three are collectively known as the 2nd Viennese School of composers. The music of the 2nd Viennese School was designed to shock listeners, with dissonant, intensely colorful, often horrific music based on graphically morbid text or ideas. The term expressionism was originally borrowed from visual art and literature. Artists created vivid pictures, distorting colors, and shapes to make unrealistic images that suggested strong emotions. Expressionist composers poured intense emotional expression into their music and explored the subconscious mind. Expressionist music often features a high level of dissonance, extreme contrasts of dynamics, constantly changing textures, distorted melodies and harmonies, angular melodies with wide leaps and extremes of pitch.

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Activity 1. Musical and Art Interpretation Directions: Below are examples of the impressionist works in the 20th century. Study the painting carefully while listening to the composition and answer the questions that follow. Sunrise by Claude Monet

Engulfed Cathedral by Claude Debussy (or listen at https://youtu.be/JAVyKDDsM3s)

41 By looking at the painting and listening to the music, what is your impression/ insights about 20th century art and music? Write at least 5 adjectives that explain how you feel while listening and looking at the picture of Monet and Debussy. (5pts)

1. What do you think both artists trying to convey on their painting and music? C. Monet: Sunrise (3pts) ______

C. Debussy: Engulfed Cathedral (3pts) ______

Activity 1.2: Concept Map Direction: Using this concept map, write all the things that you know about impressionism and expressionism. (15pts)

Music and Impressionism

______

IMPRESSIONISM

Art and Impressionism

______

______

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Music and Expressionism

______

EXPRESSIONISM

Art and Expressionism

______Activity 1.3: Look at Me! Directions: Below is an Impressionistic masterpiece made by our own Filipino artist Juan Luna. Study the painting carefully and follow the instruction given below. Ø With the masterpiece as a guide, you are going to create a story/ poem based on your interpretation of the painting.(15pts)

Mi Hijo Andres, 1889

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FILL IN THE BLANKS

Directions: Fill in the missing words in the paragraph below.

1. It was usually characterized by the use of dissonance, extreme contrast of dynamics, and distorted melodies. 1) ______. 2. The three musicians of the Second Viennese School in 20th century are______, ______and ______. 3. ______devised a system of pitch organization based on the chromatic pitches that he called a twelve- tone series. 4. A style of music that conveys true emotions in exaggeration through the application of atonality and dissonance is called ______.5. 5. Modeled after the ______art movement, this musical style is based on understatement, blurred effects, and the creative use of color. 6. The proponent that frequently use of parallel chords was ______. 7. A musical style that signifies the artist character and inner insight enforced on the graphical reality of the objects represented is called ______. 8. ______is a modern style of art and music that was developed as a rejection of excessive Wagnerian German Romanticism. 9. This music is greatly influenced by impressionist paintings where the real picture of the subject matter is not given much emphasis is called ______. 10. A style in music and art that suggested strong emotions is called ______.

MY BEAUTIFUL PLACE! Directions: Take a picture of your favorite scene, capture an area in your community that depicts in the movement style. Send it or post it on your Facebook account. Answer the questions provided on your activity notebook. Think of a song you knew that represents the picture above. Write your lyrics of the song. (5pts) ______(Title)

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MULTIPLE CHOICE Directions: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. 1. Which style in music and art suggested strong emotions? B. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism C. Expressionism D. Minimalism 2. Which style of music is characterized by the composer’ mind, instead of presenting an impression of the environment? A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism B. Expressionism D. Minimalism 3. Who among the following musicians comprise the Second Viennese School? A. Haydn, Beethoven, Bach C. Bach, Beethoven, Brahms B. Anton, Von, Arnold D. Arnold, Anton, Alban 4. Who was the composer that wrote an impressionistic composition entitled Bolero? A. Anton Von Webern C. Claude Debussy B. Maurice Ravel D. Alban Berg 5. Which modern style of art and music was developed as a rejection of excessive Wagnerian German Romanticism? A. Neoclassicism C. Impressionism B. Primitivism D. Expressionism 6. Who was the foremost impressionist composer? A. Joseph Maurice Ravel Claude Debussy B. Arnold Schoenberg D. Claude Monet 7. Which style of music conveys true emotions in exaggeration through the application of atonality and dissonance? A. Neoclassicism C. Impressionism B. Primitivism D. Expressionism 8. Who was the composer that devised a system of pitch organization based on the chromatic pitches which he called “a twelve tone series”? A. Arnold Schoenberg Claude Monet B. Joseph Maurice Ravel D. Claude Debussy 9. Who was the proponent of expressionism known for his radical sound of music? A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold Schoenberg

45 10. Which of the following works of Arnold Schoenberg is considered one of his earliest successful pieces? A. Verklarte Natch (Three Pieces for Piano, op.11) B. Pierrot Lunaire C. Gurreleider D. Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1899) 11. Which movement style in music does dissonance, extreme contrast of dynamics and distorted melodies commonly use? A. Primitivism C. Minimalism B. Expressionism D. Impressionism 12. What is the term used for the artist that collectively worked on the expressionism of music in the 20th century? A. Second Viennese School C. Masters of Music B. The Conductors D. The Expressionist 13. Which of the following styles signifies the artist’s character and inner insight enforced on the graphical reality of the objects represented? A. Neoclassicism C. Impressionism B. Primitivism D. Expressionism 14. Which of the following proponent frequently use parallel chords? A. Claude Debussy C. Igor Stravinsky B. Bela Bartok D. Arnold Schoenberg 15. Which of the following musical style is based on understatement, blurred effects, and the creative use of color modelled after an art movement? A. Neoclassicism C. Impressionism B. Primitivism D. Expressionism

IDENTIFICATION Directions: Identify the song whether it’s IMPRESSIONISM or EXPRESSIONISM MUSIC “ Sa Ugoy ng Duyan” by Lucio San Pedro A. “ Mutya ng Pasig” by Nicanor Abelardo B. Matindal” by A. Molina C. “ Hatinggabi” by Antonio Molina D. Malikmata” by Antonio Molina E.

46 Directions: Identify the paintings whether it’s IMPRESSIONISM or EXPRESSIONISM

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In this lesson, you will experience and explore music as well as to appreciate the essence of knowing the arts and media, portrayed in the 20th century.

In this lesson, you are expected to relate 20th century music to other art forms and media during the same time period.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the best answer. 1. Which of the following music best describe the kind of compositions by formal song divisions such as recitatives or arias? A. Choral music C. Piano music B. Dramatic music D. Instrumental music 2. Which element of music will give you the pattern of regular or irregular pulses caused by the occurence of strong and weak melodic and harmonic beats? A. Rhythm B. Harmony C. Melody D. Movement 3. Which of the following element in music shows the difference in the strength, tone, or pitch of one’s voice? A. Harmony B. Variation C. Modulation D. Recapetulation 4. Which is the five – movement work composed by Bela Bartok that features the exceptional talents of its various soloists in an intricately constructed piece? A. Six string quartets C. Mikrokosmos B. The rake’s progress D. Concerto for orchestra

48 5. Which musical style denotes simplicity and expresses the philosophy of life through art and literature? A. Neo- classicism C. Primitivism B. Avant-garde D. Modern nationalism 6. Which of the following musical style of Gershwin refers to the activity where the songs of the characters are interwoven into narrative accompanied by dancing? A. Film musicals C. Musical theater B. Orchestral music D. Chamber music 7. Who among the composers believe that the universal language of music is basically rooted in tonality? A. George Gershwin C. Louis Durey B. Arthur Honegger D. Leonard Bertstein 8. Which of the following terms in harmony uses two diferrent keys at the same time? A. Polytonality C. Monotonality B. Bitonality D. Hexagonality 9. Which musical style is designed to create subtle moods and impressions usually appearances of objects in order to simulate actual reflected light? A. Avant-garde C. Neo-classicism B. Expressionism D. Impressionism 10. Which theory or practice in art seeks to depict the particular emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in the artist? A. Modern-nationalism C. Impressionism B. Expressionism D. Neo-classical 11. Who among the composer combines signature repetitive and overlapping style with theatrical grandeur on stage? A. Phillip Glass C. Leonard Bernstein B. George Gershwin D. Georges Auric 12. Which element in composition did composers sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly defined concept? A. Avant-garde C. Neo-classicism B. Expressionism D. Impressionism 13. Which of the following is an attribute of a composers who has the ability to make new things or think of new ideas? A. Creative C. Advance B. Possessive D. Timid 14. Which of the following terms should you use for performance that is invented by the performers in making something that you have not planned? A. Active B. Domineering C. Progressive D. Improvisation 15. Which type of musical composition is a product of imagination and discovery originated after study and experiment? A. Invention B. Innovation C. Creation D. Discovery

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The musical styles created by the 20th century classical composers were truly unique and innovative. They experimented with the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, tempo, and timbre in daring ways never attempted before. Twentieth – century music has adopted the sounds of the modern period. Their skills in making innovation were clearly noticed and their style is really impressive.

Directions: Classify the following names/terms as to which group they belong and write your answer in the corresponding category.

BREATHY, LEONARD BERNSTEIN , SERGEI PROKOFIEFF , SMOOTH CLAUDE DEBUSSY , MAURICE RAVEL , HUSKY BELA BARTOK , GEORGE GERSHWIN , PHILIP GLASS , ROUGH , IGOR STRAVINSKY , ARNOLD SCHOENBERG

Impressionism Primitivism Neo Avant- Expressionism Timbre Classicism garde

The music in the 20th century is more interesting and compelling if you listen to how the technique and the execution are being done by different composers of the time. The perfectionist attitude done by the composer in the musical craftsmanship developed a more distinct style that brings each form more vibrant music. However in the era of technology, we are using different arts and media forms. Identify the following gadgets that help in creating and making compositions.

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The usefulness of the technological devices in composing songs are the following: 1. KARAOKE PLAYER – It is used as a source of entertainment for the people who wants to sing a song. It is also a tool to be used to improve their voices. Some people use this machine as the resource for team building exercises. Sometimes, the teachers use this as an educational tool.

2. CASSETTE TAPE RECORDER – For the time being and because of the progress in the technology, this machine has a great part in the development of one’s talent and skills in singing and composition.

3. DESKTOP – This system is commonly used to organize and introduce a greater way of storing data and developing your skill in editing. By this material, you can enhance an image and voice in terms of editing. It gives you ample time to create a new one.

4. CELLPHONE – this is a portable telephone that you can carry anywhere you want to go and it is easy for you to use at your convenience. This device can also be used as a recording tool or for capturing videos of your performances. Editing can also be done through mobile phones as it has the capacity to make some of the applications in editing.

5. AVANT-GARDE closely associated with electronic music in the sense that the movement dealt with the restrictions or the scopes of sound in space. Its style exhibited a new attitude toward musical mobility, whereby the order of note groups could be varied so that musical continuity could be altered. Improvisation is necessary for this style, the unconventional methods of sound and form, as well as the absence of traditional rules governing harmony, melody, and rhythm, make the whole concept. The link is given for you to listen and hear how the music being perform. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTUXhLeLojA

6. IMPRESSIONISM is having this notion that they need to create new forms with emotional mood rather than specific picture, it is an attempt also to suggest reality. The sentemental melodies, and , dramatic emotions that captivate the attention of the listeners clearly recognize and enjoy.

7. EXPRESSIONISM music goes hand in hand with painting in that, both tend to ignore or cover up rational structure relationships. Musical scores filled with strange colors, distorted lines of sound, overlaid rhythms, and bursts of unmusicality. Using polyrhythms, polytonal harmony, and original instrumental combinations, it seemed rebelliously unconcerned to tradition and legacy.

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8. NEOCLASSICISM during the last part of the 19th century, the forms, genres, and styles of music of the 18th and 19th centuries were combined and given a new explanation. Some of the improvements which took place were the change of melody, abandonment of subjectivity, the conquest of serenity, and collection of triads and diatonic, which became the favorite. The kind of music during this period is light, entertaining, cool, and independent of its emotional content. It recognizes the fusion of the traditional way of modern music.

Directions: Complete the table with the name of a composer and it’s examples of musical works.

Activity 1.2: Fill in the blank: Directions: Supply the missing word to complete the sentence. 1. The use of two diferrent keys at the same time is called ______. 2. ______is an attribute of a composers who has the ability to make new things or think of new ideas. 3. The theory or practice in art of seeking to depict the particular emotions and responses is called ______that objects and events arouse in the artist. 4. Prokofieff was highly successful in his ______music, as evidenced by the wide acceptance of his concerti and sonatas. 5. Arnold Schoenberg was credited with the development of the ______6. A style of musical composition designed to create subtle moods and impressions describing the usual appearances of objects by means of dabs or strokes of primary unmixed colors in order to simulate actual reflected light is called.______

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Activity: Free style!

Directions: Read the instructions given below for your guide.

a. Make a jingle using the names of the 20th century composers or select a style of the composer that you like to imitate. b. Creating a music video c. Rubrics will be given as your guide to make a video or live performance.

MULTIPLE CHOICE Directions: Choose the best answer of your choice. Write the letter of your choice in a separate paper.

1. Which of the following music that best describe the kind of compositions by formal song divisions such as recitatives or arias? A. Choral music B. Dramatic music C. Piano music D. Instrumental music 2. Which element of music will give you the pattern of regular or irregular pulses caused by the occurence of strong and weak melodic and harmonic beats? A. Rhythm B. Harmony C. Melody D. Movement 3. Which of the following variation refers to the strength, tone, or pitch of one’s voice? A. Harmony B. Variation C. Modulatio D. Recapetulation 4. Which is the five – movement work composed by Bela Bartok that features the exceptional talents of its various soloists in an intricately constructed piece? A. Six string quartets C. Mikrokosmos B. The rake’s progress D. Concerto for orchestra 5. Which musical style denotes simplicity and expresses the philosophy of life through art and literature? A. Neo- classicism C. Primitivism B. Avant-garde D. Modern nationalism 6. Which of the following terms in harmony that uses of two diferrent keys at the same time? A. Polytonality B. Bitonality C. Monotonality D. Hexagonality 7. Which musical style is designed to create subtle moods and impressions usually appearances of objects in order to simulate actual reflected light? A. Avant-garde C. Neo-classicism C. Expressionism D. Impressionism

53 8. Which theory or practice in art seeks to depict the particular emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in the artist? C. Modern-nationalism C. Impressionism D. Expressionism D. Neo-classical 9. Who among the composer combines signature repetitive and overlapping style with theatrical grandeur on stage? C. Phillip Glass C. Leonard Bernstein D. George Gershwin D. Georges Auric 10. Which of the following movement style in composition is referred to when composers sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly defined concept? A. Avant-garde B. Expressionism C. Neo-classicism D. Impressionism 11. Which of the following is an attribute of a composers who has the ability to make new things or think of new ideas? A. Creative B. Possessive C. Advance D. Timid 12. Which of the following terms should you use for performance that is invented by the performers in making something that you have not planned? A. Active B. Domineering C. Progressive D. Improvisation 13. Which type of musical composition is a product of imagination and discovery originated after study and experiment? A. Invention B. Innovation C. Creation D. Discovery 14. Which of the following musical style of Gershwin where songs by the characters are interwoven into narrative, sometimes accompanied by dancing? A. Film musicals C. Musical theater B. Orchestral music D. Chamber music 15. Who among the composers believe that the universal language of music is basically rooted in tonality? A. George Gershwin C. Louis Durey B. Arthur Honegger D. Leonard Bernstein

Activity : Performance activity: Composing a Spoken Poetry

Directions: In the Avant-Garde Music, you will make a Spoken Poetry about the current issue on COVID 19. Record it on your smartphone and or any electronic device for your presentation in the next lesson.

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In this lesson, you are expected to perform music sample from the 20th century.

Activity 1.1 Directions: The following are the musical plays of the 20th century. Group them according to its composer. Write your answer on the space provided.

DEBUSSY SCHOENBERG STRAVINSKY RAVEL ______

The Rake’s Progress Ariettes Oubliess Miroirs String Quartet Claire De Lune Bolero

Pelleas Et Melisande Jexu D Eau Gurreleider Sonatine for Piano La Valse La Mer Pavane for A Dead Princess The Rite of Spring

Three Pieces for Piano Pierrot Lunaire Petrouchka Verklarte Natch The Firebird Suite Two Piano Concerti

55 Activity 1.2: YOU ARE A STAR IN THE MUSIC!!!

Directions: Write all the elements of music inside the star box.

Music of the 20th century has been discussed and deliberated. The composers shared their cultural background and individual achievement during this period. The musical elements and their characteristics have been explored. The elements of performance have been explained. This module will let you fully understand and describe how the composers influence the people in the light of music. In this part let us evaluate, assess the music, and learn to appreciate how the art of music bears the mind of the young in today’s generation.

Music and the Music Performance:

The innovations and experimental development of music today rise above excellence in its technological way. The trends of the young generation may opt to supplement with a technical and stylistic choice that the composers may tend to do so. In this world of technology with so much experimentation and have great possibilities that gadgets will give an impact to create music. With these distinctive elements and style of music movement, the 20th century gave rise to its new musical style using gadgets and other means of a multimedia approach. In this regard, musical performances will be also introduced to entertain the individual with full of enthusiasm and fulfilment of this topic. In this era of multimedia, students are much eager to learn and explore the different musical compositions that influenced this generation.

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Elements of Music 1. RHYTHM It is one of the elements of music that gives structure and pulse of the music. The following structures are the duration, tempo and meter. 2. DYNAMICS Dynamics is part of the musical elements that relate to the loudness or quietness of music. Basic terms related to dynamics are crescendo, diminuendo, and accent. 3. MELODY It is a musical element that focuses on the horizontal or linear presentation of various scales. Melodies can be described into conjunct and disjunct. 4. HARMONY It is the opposite of melody. It focuses on the verticalization of the pitch. It is thought to be as an art of combining pitches into chords and carefully and usually arranged into sentence like patterns called progression. In this context, the dissonance and consonance are the terms being described in harmony. Other terms that may relate to this are modality, tonality, and atonality of the music composition. 5. TONE COLOR It is a musical element that produces different and unique characteristics that have obviously produced by the singer. Another term for this is timber (Tam-ber).

6. TEXTURE This musical element refers to the number of individual musical lines and the relationship of these lines to each other. Texture can be classified into monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic. 7. MUSICAL FORM It is an order of melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic events of a piece. It designates musical division brought to a repetition of melodic material and or the presentation of new yet contrasting material. Forms can be described into strophic, through-composed, binary and ternary form.

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Directions: After listening or watching the selected musical composition, let us know what elements of the music being employed. Just simply check the box on the right side. Attached is the link to the composition.

Activity 1.1: LET MAY PLAY THE MUSIC . Harmony Dynamic Rhythm Composition Texture Color Tone s

La Mer (1905) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUFpcPEcwTo

Miroirs (Mirrors) (1905) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A4Lxm3IpvY

Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1989) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqODySSxYpc&t=189s The Firebird Suite (1910) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erOEatu5aH8

Activity 1.2: IT’S A NAME GAME! Directions: Name the significant composers that served them as their admiration and inspiration to continue making a composition in the history of music. You may visit the module 1 lesson 1 to look for the significant person that influenced the 20th century composers. Bela Bartok Sergei Prokofieff Maurice Ravel Ex. 1. Franz Liszt 1.______1.______2.______2.______2.______3.______3.______3.______4.______4.______4.______

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Elements of music are essential parts of making compositions that distinctively matter on harmony, rhythm, texture, dynamics, tone color, melody, and form. In the context of musical style, innovativeness and experimentation developed the music of today’s generation. Modern technology and gadgets have the power and impact in making the music blended with technological devices that vary on its expertise and style. I have learned that with different perspectives in life and attitude, music requires us on how they are going to interpret the piece. Because at the end of the day, music is the mirror of our soul which we can meditate, contemplate and make sense of life colorful and wonderful.

The music of the 20th century portrays the non-fiction of the people either love story or otherwise. In this way, the creativity of the youth creating salient features in the musical film using multimedia art form had been developed. 1. The kind of elements that gives structure and pulse of the music is called rhythm 2. Crescendo, diminuendo, and accent are the basic related terms of Dynamics. 3. Melodies can be described into conjunct and disjunct. 4. The dissonance and consonance are the terms being described in harmony. 5. Tone color is another term for timber 6. Texture can be classified into monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic. 7. Musical forms can be described into strophic, through-composed, binary and ternary Form. 8. The elements of performance are the following: setting, musical, compositions, role of composer and lyricist, role of performers (actor/actress), role of audience, sound and musical direction, script/screenplay, props, costumes, and lighting.

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MULTIPLE CHOICE Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which particular type of instruments being use can either be strucked with a stick or against one another? B. Membranophone C. Idiophone C. Chordophone D. Aerophone 2. Which musical instrument that made from a single wooden log, ceramics, tin can, or gourd? A. Membranophone C. Idiophone B. Chordophone D. Aerophone 3. Which musical instruments used by the Sonata Chorister produce vibrations of strings? A. Membranophone C. Idiophone B. Chordophone D. Aerophone 4. Which of the following musical instrument produces sound primarily by trapping or enclosing an air to vibrate? A. Membranophone C. Aerophone B. Chordophone D. Idiophone 5. Which musical element refers to the horizontal and linear presentation of pitch? A. Dynamics B. Form C. Harmony D. Melody 6. Which of the following does not belong to the basic terms of harmony? A. Dissonantly B. Atonality C. Modality D.Tonality 7. Which type of texture has two or more independent melodies at the same time? A. Monophonic B. Homophonic C. Polyphonic D. Heterophonic 8. Which one of the basic terms in harmony that avoids any sense of a home key center? A. Atonality B. Tonality C. Modality D.Conjunctly 9. Which of the following melodies described as smooth, easy to sing and play? A. Conjunct B. Consonance C. Dissonance D. Disjunct

60 10. Which of the following terms in melody tis a basis for an extended musical work? A. Pitch B. Scale C. Tone D. Theme 11. Which kind of musical element produces different sound quality depending on its own characteristic pattern? A. Theme B. Texture C. Pitch D. Tone/Timber 12. Which of the following does not belong to the distinctive elements of music? A. Dynamics B. Pitch C. Tone Color D. Harmony 13. Which of the following devices add in creating and recording music like DVD/CD, mobile, and android phones? A. Electronic device C. Mechanical device B. Technical device D. Distinctive device 14. Which of the following are the elements of performances does not belong to the group? A. Musical compositions C. Roles of composers and lyricist B. Role of performers D. Role of Editor 15. Which performances focus on choreography and dance sequence that provides entertainment and breaks the unfolding plots? A. Musical play B. Ballet C. Opera D. Theatre

A. Students’ Online Activity

Directions: You may watch live performances of the musical concerts on YouTube. Research some of the musical television films that brought honor and fame in the works of multimedia. Re-enact the play by recording a video for evaluation. Rubrics will be given as your evaluation sheet. B. Students’ Offline Activity:

Directions: Together with the members of the family as your group mate, you may create a video clip using your digital cameras and cell phone portraying the 20th century musical styles. C. Rubrics in evaluating your performance will be given as your reference to make your output wonderful.

61 Rubrics for your musical performance

Elements Outstanding Very Good Good Average Poor

Pitch Virtual no An Some Very few Needs help errors. Pitch is occasional accurate accurate or

very accurate isolated pitches, but secure error, but there are pitches most of the frequent time pitch is and or accurate repeated and secure errors

Tone Tone is Tone is The tone is The tone is Mumbles. quality consistently focused, often not often not shouts, focused, clear, clear, and focused, focused, sing not and centered centered clear, or clear, or appropriate throughout the but centered centered or will not range of the sometimes regardless regardless of sing voice uncontrolled of the the range in the range significantly normal detracting singing from the range overall

Expression Performs with Typically Sometimes Rarely Expression and style a creative performs performs demonstrated and style is nuance and with nuance with expression comparable style in and style nuance and style. just to a deal response to the that is and style sings the rodent score and indicated in that is notes limited the score or indicted in coaching. which is the score or suggested which is by instructor suggested by instructor

Diction Artist Artist Artist is Artist rarely No clues articulates articulates sometimes articulates as to what

clearly and the the words articulating the words the artist is text of the somewhat the word, and the text singing. music is clearly and but the text is not Possibly understandable the text can is often not discernable singing in a be discernable different understood language. most of the time

Total

62 Post-Assessment

1. Which one of his musical compositions of Sergie Prokofieff is intended for children only? A. Romeo and Juliet C.Peter and Wolf B. War and Peace D. Song of the Bagpipe 2. What attitude of a composers refers to the ability to make new things or think of new ideas? A. Creative B. Possessive C. Advance D. Timid 3. The element in composition in which composers sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly defined concept. B. Avant-garde C. Neoclassicism C. Expressionism D. Impressionism 4. Which texture of music gives a pattern of regular or irregular pulses caused in music by the occurence of strong and weak melodic and harmonic beats? A. Rhythm B. Harmony C. Melody D. Movement 5. Which theory or practice in art of seeks to depict the particular emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in the artist? A. Modern-nationalism C. Impressionism B. Expressionism D. Neo-classical 6. Which kind of musical elements produces different sound quality depending on its own characteristic pattern? A. Theme B. Texture C. Pitch D. Tone/Timber 7. Which of the following melodies described as smooth, easy to sing and play? A. Conjunct B. Consonance C. Dissonance D. Disjunct 8. Meter can be seen or felt through the standard patterns used by the conductors. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group? A. Andante B. Quadruple C. Triple D. Duple 9. Which musical element refers to the horizontal and linear presentation of pitch? A. Dynamics B. Melody C. Harmony D. Form 10. Which of the basic terms describe the word syncopation? A. On-the-beat accent C. Off-the-beat accent B. On-the-air of accent D. On-the-speeding up the tempo 11. Which of the following terms should you use for the performance that is invented by the performers in making something that you have not planned? A. Active B. Domineering C. Progressive D. Improvisation

63 12. Who among the composers was born to musical parents and died on September 26, 1945, in New York City? A. Bela Bartok C.Igor Stravinsky B. Sergei Prokofieff D.George Gershwin 13. How many years did the Mikrokosmos, as one of the exceptional works of Bartok? A. 12 B.13 C 14 D.15 14. Who was the proponent of the Neoclassicism? A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold Schoenberg 15. Which of the following countries Claude Debussy was born? A. Germany B. Italy C. France D. Sweden

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References:

1. Buenviaje , Paz A. 2005. Music,Arts, Physical Education, and Health IV. Phoenix Publishing House,Inc. 2. Cabanban , Evelyn F. 2015. Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos. Philippines Tawid Publications.. 3. Defensor Marshal D, et al. 2007.MAPEH St. Augustine Publications Inc. 4. Estarija , Consolacion A. 2005.Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health IV. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 5. Padiz, Servillano A. et al. 2005.MAPEH, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 6. Roxas-Wi , Corazon. 2005. Music,Arts, Physical Education, and Health IV. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 7. Sunico, Raul M, Cabanban, Evelyn F and Moran, Melissa Y. Horizons 2015.Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos Learner’s Material, Tawid Publications. 8. https://wmich.edu/mus-gened/mus170/170notes/Ch1-elements.pdf “accessed June 1, 2020. 9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXptv3RHMTs accessed June 1, 2020. 10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4wb11w0ZHQ accessed June 1, 2020. 11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeTFxbsVGrI accessed June 1, 2020. 12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaPlyJDdlqU accessed June 12, 2020. 13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3gvVrEG03U accessed June 12, 2020. 14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5haN3qsF-V4 accessed June 12, 2020. 15. https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/elements-of-20th-century-musical- style-5301675/packs/7879751 accessed June 5, 2020. 16. https://images.app.goo.gl/LTbTyets5bq9VW327 accessed June 4, 2020 15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUFpcPEcwTo accessed June 1, 2020. 16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A4Lxm3IpvY accessed June 1, 2020. 17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqODySSxYpc&t=189s accessed June 1, 2020. 18. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erOEatu5aH8 accessed June 1, 2020. 19. https://wmich.edu/mus-history/TheoryHelp/forms.html accessed June16, 2020 20. http://musictheoryblog.blogspot.com/2007/02/musical-form.html accessed June 16, 2020. 21. https://www.britannica.com/art/musical-form/Formal-types accessed June 16, 2020.

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