DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction to Music Appreciation Bethanie Hansen American Public University System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction to Music Appreciation Bethanie Hansen American Public University System American Public University System DigitalCommons@APUS ePress Course Materials APUS ePress 2014 Introduction to Music Appreciation Bethanie Hansen American Public University System David Whitehouse American Public University System Cathy Silverman American Public University System Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.apus.edu/epresscoursematerials Part of the Music Commons Recommended Citation Hansen, Bethanie; Whitehouse, David; and Silverman, Cathy, "Introduction to Music Appreciation" (2014). ePress Course Materials. Book 3. http://digitalcommons.apus.edu/epresscoursematerials/3 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the APUS ePress at DigitalCommons@APUS. It has been accepted for inclusion in ePress Course Materials by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@APUS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC APPRECIATION By Bethanie Hansen, David Whitehouse, and Cathy Silverman Edited by Kimberly Jacobs American Public University System ePress 2012 Revised 2014 Authors: Bethanie Hansen, David Whitehouse, and Cathy Silverman Content Editor: Kimberly Jacobs Acquisitions Editor: Judith Novak Production Editor: Molly Fischer Copy Editor: Missy Sheehan Editor in Chief: Fred Stielow Cover Illustration: Jessica Radlich, American Public University System Visual Arts Copyright © 2012; Revised 2014 APUS ePress All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America This text was compiled in Charles Town, West Virginia by the APUS ePress. This book uses constantly changing technologies, and is frequently updated to ensure links are accessible. ISBNs: 978-1-937381-08-0 (e-book) 978-1-937381-05-9 (print book) American Public University System ePress 111 West Congress Street Charles Town, WV 25414 www.apus.edu http://apus.campusguides.com/APUS_ePress Chapter 1: Music Elements, Critical Listening, and Course Overview Table of Contents Chapter 1 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Music Elements, Critical Listening, and Course Overview ...................................................... 1 What is Music? ........................................................................................................................... 2 Music Elements .......................................................................................................................... 4 Music Terms ............................................................................................................................... 5 Music Notation ......................................................................................................................... 12 Genres ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Styles ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Self-Check Exercises ................................................................................................................ 14 Closing ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 2 ................................................................................................................................... 35 Early Western Art Music ......................................................................................................... 35 Gregorian Chant and the Liturgy ............................................................................................. 38 Secular Music ........................................................................................................................... 42 The Beginnings of Polyphony .................................................................................................. 44 Motet ......................................................................................................................................... 48 Key Music Terms ...................................................................................................................... 51 The Renaissance ...................................................................................................................... 54 Closing ...................................................................................................................................... 61 Self-Check Exercises ................................................................................................................ 63 Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................................... 68 The Baroque Era ..................................................................................................................... 68 Opera ........................................................................................................................................ 72 Instrumental Music .................................................................................................................. 75 Cantata and Oratorio ............................................................................................................... 78 Key Music Terms ...................................................................................................................... 79 The Eighteenth Century ........................................................................................................... 82 Vivaldi, Handel, and Bach ........................................................................................................ 82 Closing ...................................................................................................................................... 92 Self-Check Exercises ................................................................................................................ 94 Chapter 4 ................................................................................................................................... 98 The Classical Era (1750-1820) ............................................................................................... 98 Relevant Historical Events ....................................................................................................... 98 Political Influences ................................................................................................................... 99 Social Influences ................................................................................................................... 100 Cultural Influences ............................................................................................................... 951 Defining Characteristics of Classicism in Music ................................................................. 103 Key Music Terms ................................................................................................................... 105 Instrumental Music Forms ................................................................................................... 107 Composers ............................................................................................................................. 108 Closing ................................................................................................................................... 114 Self-Check Exercises ............................................................................................................. 116 Chapter 5 ................................................................................................................................. 117 The Romantic Period ............................................................................................................ 117 Relevant Historical Events .................................................................................................... 118 Political Influences ................................................................................................................ 120 Social Influences ................................................................................................................... 122 Cultural Influences ................................................................................................................ 123 Defining Characteristics of Romanticism in Music ............................................................. 125 Key Music Terms ................................................................................................................... 128 Composers ............................................................................................................................. 131 Summary of the Romantic Era ............................................................................................. 142 Self-Check Exercises ............................................................................................................. 144 Chapter 6 ................................................................................................................................. 154 Twentieth-Century Music ...................................................................................................... 154 Relevant Historical Events ...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Music Initiative Jka Peer - Reviewed Journal of Music
    VOL. 01 NO. 01 APRIL 2018 MUSIC INITIATIVE JKA PEER - REVIEWED JOURNAL OF MUSIC PUBLISHED,PRINTED & OWNED BY HIGHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, J&K CIVIL SECRETARIAT, JAMMU/SRINAGAR,J&K CONTACT NO.S: 01912542880,01942506062 www.jkhighereducation.nic.in EDITOR DR. ASGAR HASSAN SAMOON (IAS) PRINCIPAL SECRETARY HIGHER EDUCATION GOVT. OF JAMMU & KASHMIR YOOR HIGHER EDUCATION,J&K NOT FOR SALE COVER DESIGN: NAUSHAD H GA JK MUSIC INITIATIVE A PEER - REVIEWED JOURNAL OF MUSIC INSTRUCTION TO CONTRIBUTORS A soft copy of the manuscript should be submitted to the Editor of the journal in Microsoft Word le format. All the manuscripts will be blindly reviewed and published after referee's comments and nally after Editor's acceptance. To avoid delay in publication process, the papers will not be sent back to the corresponding author for proof reading. It is therefore the responsibility of the authors to send good quality papers in strict compliance with the journal guidelines. JK Music Initiative is a quarterly publication of MANUSCRIPT GUIDELINES Higher Education Department, Authors preparing submissions are asked to read and follow these guidelines strictly: Govt. of Jammu and Kashmir (JKHED). Length All manuscripts published herein represent Research papers should be between 3000- 6000 words long including notes, bibliography and captions to the opinion of the authors and do not reect the ofcial policy illustrations. Manuscripts must be typed in double space throughout including abstract, text, references, tables, and gures. of JKHED or institution with which the authors are afliated unless this is clearly specied. Individual authors Format are responsible for the originality and genuineness of the work Documents should be produced in MS Word, using a single font for text and headings, left hand justication only and no embedded formatting of capitals, spacing etc.
    [Show full text]
  • WORKSHOP: Around the World in 30 Instruments Educator’S Guide [email protected]
    WORKSHOP: Around The World In 30 Instruments Educator’s Guide www.4shillingsshort.com [email protected] AROUND THE WORLD IN 30 INSTRUMENTS A MULTI-CULTURAL EDUCATIONAL CONCERT for ALL AGES Four Shillings Short are the husband-wife duo of Aodh Og O’Tuama, from Cork, Ireland and Christy Martin, from San Diego, California. We have been touring in the United States and Ireland since 1997. We are multi-instrumentalists and vocalists who play a variety of musical styles on over 30 instruments from around the World. Around the World in 30 Instruments is a multi-cultural educational concert presenting Traditional music from Ireland, Scotland, England, Medieval & Renaissance Europe, the Americas and India on a variety of musical instruments including hammered & mountain dulcimer, mandolin, mandola, bouzouki, Medieval and Renaissance woodwinds, recorders, tinwhistles, banjo, North Indian Sitar, Medieval Psaltery, the Andean Charango, Irish Bodhran, African Doumbek, Spoons and vocals. Our program lasts 1 to 2 hours and is tailored to fit the audience and specific music educational curriculum where appropriate. We have performed for libraries, schools & museums all around the country and have presented in individual classrooms, full school assemblies, auditoriums and community rooms as well as smaller more intimate settings. During the program we introduce each instrument, talk about its history, introduce musical concepts and follow with a demonstration in the form of a song or an instrumental piece. Our main objective is to create an opportunity to expand people’s understanding of music through direct expe- rience of traditional folk and world music. ABOUT THE MUSICIANS: Aodh Og O’Tuama grew up in a family of poets, musicians and writers.
    [Show full text]
  • La Cultura Italiana
    LA CULTURA ITALIANA BALDASSARE GALUPPI (1706–1785) Thousands of English-speaking students are only familiar with this composer through a poem by Robert Browning entitled “A Toccata of Galuppi’s.” Few of these students had an inkling of who he was or had ever heard a note of his music. This is in keeping with the poem in which the toccata stands as a symbol of a vanished world. Although he was famous throughout his life and died a very rich man, soon after his death he was almost entirely forgotten until Browning resurrected his name (and memory) in his 1855 poem. He belonged to a generation of composers that included Christoph Willibald Gluck, Domenico Scarlatti, and CPE Bach, whose works were emblematic of the prevailing galant style that developed in Europe throughout the 18th century. In his early career he made a modest success in opera seria (serious opera), but from the 1740s, together with the playwright and librettist Carlo Goldoni, he became famous throughout Europe for his opera buffa (comic opera) in the new dramma giocoso (playful drama) style. To the suc- ceeding generation of composers he became known as “the father of comic opera,” although some of his mature opera seria were also widely popular. BALDASSARE GALUPPI was born on the island of Burano in the Venetian Lagoon on October 18, 1706, and from as early as age 22 was known as “Il Buranello,” a nickname which even appears in the signature on his music manuscripts, “Baldassare Galuppi, detto ‘Buranello’ (Baldassare Galuppi, called ‘Buranello’).” His father was a bar- ber, who also played the violin in theater orchestras, and is believed to have been his son’s first music teacher.
    [Show full text]
  • The World Atlas of Musical Instruments
    Musik_001-004_GB 15.03.2012 16:33 Uhr Seite 3 (5. Farbe Textschwarz Auszug) The World Atlas of Musical Instruments Illustrations Anton Radevsky Text Bozhidar Abrashev & Vladimir Gadjev Design Krassimira Despotova 8 THE CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS THE STUDY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, their history, evolution, construction, and systematics is the subject of the science of organology. Its subject matter is enormous, covering practically the entire history of humankind and includes all cultural periods and civilizations. The science studies archaeological findings, the collections of ethnography museums, historical, religious and literary sources, paintings, drawings, and sculpture. Organology is indispensable for the development of specialized museum and amateur collections of musical instruments. It is also the science that analyzes the works of the greatest instrument makers and their schools in historical, technological, and aesthetic terms. The classification of instruments used for the creation and performance of music dates back to ancient times. In ancient Greece, for example, they were divided into two main groups: blown and struck. All stringed instruments belonged to the latter group, as the strings were “struck” with fingers or a plectrum. Around the second century B. C., a separate string group was established, and these instruments quickly acquired a leading role. A more detailed classification of the three groups – wind, percussion, and strings – soon became popular. At about the same time in China, instrument classification was based on the principles of the country’s religion and philosophy. Instruments were divided into eight groups depending on the quality of the sound and on the material of which they were made: metal, stone, clay, skin, silk, wood, gourd, and bamboo.
    [Show full text]
  • 9. Vivaldi and Ritornello Form
    The HIGH BAROQUE:! Early Baroque High Baroque 1600-1670 1670-1750 The HIGH BAROQUE:! Republic of Venice The HIGH BAROQUE:! Grand Canal, Venice The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Antonio VIVALDI (1678-1741) Born in Venice, trains and works there. Ordained for the priesthood in 1703. Works for the Pio Ospedale della Pietà, a charitable organization for indigent, illegitimate or orphaned girls. The students were trained in music and gave frequent concerts. The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Thus, many of Vivaldi’s concerti were written for soloists and an orchestra made up of teen- age girls. The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO It is for the Ospedale students that Vivaldi writes over 500 concertos, publishing them in sets like Corelli, including: Op. 3 L’Estro Armonico (1711) Op. 4 La Stravaganza (1714) Op. 8 Il Cimento dell’Armonia e dell’Inventione (1725) Op. 9 La Cetra (1727) The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO In addition, from 1710 onwards Vivaldi pursues career as opera composer. His music was virtually forgotten after his death. His music was not re-discovered until the “Baroque Revival” during the 20th century. The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Vivaldi constructs The Model of the Baroque Concerto Form from elements of earlier instrumental composers *The Concertato idea *The Ritornello as a structuring device *The works and tonality of Corelli The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO The term “concerto” originates from a term used in the early Baroque to describe pieces that alternated and contrasted instrumental groups with vocalists (concertato = “to contend with”) The term is later applied to ensemble instrumental pieces that contrast a large ensemble (the concerto grosso or ripieno) with a smaller group of soloists (concertino) The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Corelli creates the standard concerto grosso instrumentation of a string orchestra (the concerto grosso) with a string trio + continuo for the ripieno in his Op.
    [Show full text]
  • 2257-AV-Venice by Night Digi
    VENICE BY NIGHT ALBINONI · LOTTI POLLAROLO · PORTA VERACINI · VIVALDI LA SERENISSIMA ADRIAN CHANDLER MHAIRI LAWSON SOPRANO SIMON MUNDAY TRUMPET PETER WHELAN BASSOON ALBINONI · LOTTI · POLLAROLO · PORTA · VERACINI · VIVALDI VENICE BY NIGHT Arriving by Gondola Antonio Vivaldi 1678–1741 Antonio Lotti c.1667–1740 Concerto for bassoon, Alma ride exulta mortalis * Anon. c.1730 strings & continuo in C RV477 Motet for soprano, strings & continuo 1 Si la gondola avere 3:40 8 I. Allegro 3:50 e I. Aria – Allegro: Alma ride for soprano, violin and theorbo 9 II. Largo 3:56 exulta mortalis 4:38 0 III. Allegro 3:34 r II. Recitativo: Annuntiemur igitur 0:50 A Private Concert 11:20 t III. Ritornello – Adagio 0:39 z IV. Aria – Adagio: Venite ad nos 4:29 Carlo Francesco Pollarolo c.1653–1723 Journey by Gondola u V. Alleluja 1:52 Sinfonia to La vendetta d’amore 12:28 for trumpet, strings & continuo in C * Anon. c.1730 2 I. Allegro assai 1:32 q Cara Nina el bon to sesto * 2:00 Serenata 3 II. Largo 0:31 for soprano & guitar 4 III. Spiritoso 1:07 Tomaso Albinoni 3:10 Sinfonia to Il nome glorioso Music for Compline in terra, santificato in cielo Tomaso Albinoni 1671–1751 for trumpet, strings & continuo in C Sinfonia for strings & continuo Francesco Maria Veracini 1690–1768 i I. Allegro 2:09 in G minor Si 7 w Fuga, o capriccio con o II. Adagio 0:51 5 I. Allegro 2:17 quattro soggetti * 3:05 p III. Allegro 1:20 6 II. Larghetto è sempre piano 1:27 in D minor for strings & continuo 4:20 7 III.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Guide: Area of Study 7
    Teaching guide: Area of study 7 – Art music since 1910 This resource is a teaching guide for Area of Study 7 (Art music since 1910) for our A-level Music specification (7272). Teachers and students will find explanations and examples of all the musical elements required for the Listening section of the examination, as well as examples for listening and composing activities and suggestions for further listening to aid responses to the essay questions. Glossary The list below includes terms found in the specification, arranged into musical elements, together with some examples. Melody Modes of limited transposition Messiaen’s melodic and harmonic language is based upon the seven modes of limited transposition. These scales divide the octave into different arrangements of semitones, tones and minor or major thirds which are unlike tonal scales, medieval modes (such as Dorian or Phrygian) or serial tone rows all of which can be transposed twelve times. They are distinctive in that they: • have varying numbers of pitches (Mode 1 contains six, Mode 2 has eight and Mode 7 has ten) • divide the octave in half (the augmented 4th being the point of symmetry - except in Mode 3) • can be transposed a limited number of times (Mode 1 has two, Mode 2 has three) Example: Quartet for the End of Time (movement 2) letter G to H (violin and ‘cello) Mode 3 Whole tone scale A scale where the notes are all one tone apart. Only two such scales exist: Shostakovich uses part of this scale in String Quartet No.8 (fig. 4 in the 1st mvt.) and Messiaen in the 6th movement of Quartet for the End of Time.
    [Show full text]
  • Manuscript Newsletter, Spring 2021 Edition
    Manuscript The magazine of the Northeastern State University Department of Music Spring 2021 Contents 2 Welcome from the Chair Features 3 Guest Artists 5 NSU @ OkMEA 6 New Student Lounge & Opera Workshop 7 Green Country Jazz Festival 9 “Can’t stop the Music” (AKA NSU Music during a global pandemic) 11 Announcement of a new music degree 12 Student News 13 Alumni Feature 14 In Memorium 15 Faculty News 17 Endowments, Scholarships, & Donors Musicians: we are the most romantic of all artists. We believe in, and chase the illusive, intoxicating, unseen magic/beauty that exists in the universe. We are conduits for this magic/ beauty that has the ability to stir emotions that are fundamental to what it means to be human and alive. Here’s to us all....! - Dr. Ron Chioldi Welcome FROM THE CHAIR Spring 2021 marks the end of an academic year unlike any other. It was difficult. It was certainly stressful. So many modifications were made to our normal operating procedures due to the pandemic. Some of these modifications will inform how we operate in the future. Others, I hope we never have to implement ever again. Our faculty, staff, and students were resilient in the face of highly pressurized circum- stances. I want to thank them for their grace, adaptability, and understanding as things constantly changed. Early on in the pandemic, the performing arts were singled out as being particularly risky for infection. We took measures to ensure the safety of our faculty, staff, and students as best we could under state, local, and university protocols.
    [Show full text]
  • 9914396.PDF (12.18Mb)
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter fece, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, b^inning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back o f the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Ifigher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Infonnaticn Compare 300 North Zeeb Road, Aim Arbor NO 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 NOTE TO USERS The original manuscript received by UMI contains pages with indistinct print. Pages were microfilmed as received. This reproduction is the best copy available UMI THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE A CONDUCTOR’S GUIDE TO THREE SACRED CHORAL/ ORCHESTRAL WORKS BY ANTONIO CALDARA: Magnificat in C.
    [Show full text]
  • Trichosanthes Cucumerina ) – a Basketful of Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits
    Available online at ISSN: 2582 – 7022 www.agrospheresmagazine.com Agrospheres:e-Newsletter, (2021) 2(8), 1-3 Article ID: 273 Snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina ) – A Basketful of Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits Poornima Singh* INTRODUCTION Trichosanthes cucumerina is a plant whose fruit is mainly Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, consumed as vegetable and is commonly known as Snake Lucknow-226026, Gourd, viper gourd, snake tomato or long tomatoes in many Uttar Pradesh, countries. It belongs to Cucurbitaceac family and is India commonly grown in Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Malaysia and Philippines. The name snake gourd is given due to its long, slender, twisted and elongated snake-like fruits. It is an annual vine climbing by means of tendrils (Mohammad Pessarakli, 2016). The soft-skinned immature fruit can reach up to 150 cm (59 in) in length. It’s soft, bland, somewhat mucilaginous flesh is similar to that of the luffa and the calabash. It is popular in the cuisines of South and Southeast Asia and is now grown in some home gardens in Africa. With some cultivars, the immature fruit has an unpleasant odor and a slightly bitter maturity, but it does contain a reddish pulp that is used in Africa as a substitute for tomatoes. The shoots, tendrils and leaves are also eaten as greens (Wayback Machine, 2013). *Corresponding Author Trichosanthes cucumerina falls under scientific classification Poornima Singh* of: E-mail: [email protected] Kingdom Plantea Division Magnoliophyta Class Mangoliopsida Order Curcubitales Family Cucurbitaceac Genus Trichosanthes Article History Species Cucumerina Received: 15. 07.2021 Revised: 24. 07.2021 Snake gourd is substituted for solanaceous tomato because of Accepted: 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Greenwood Organ Company CHARLOTTE
    THE DIAPASON AN INTERNATIONAL MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE ORGAN, THE HARPSICHORD AND CHURCH MUSIC OCTOBER, 1976 J.fferson Avenue Presbyterian Church, CHOIR Detroit. Michi9an. Built by Ernest M. Gamba 1£' &1 pipes S~inn.r, 1925 loriqinal specification puba E. M. Skinner Restored in Detroit Diapason B' &1 pipes II.h.d In THE DIAPASON, M.y 1924, p. Concert Flute S' &I pipes I J: d.dicated May 3, 1926 .....m.nu.1s and kleintl EneMer II S' 122 pipet ped.I, " tanh, .lectro-pnMlmattc: action. Flute 4' &1 pipet Hand-cerved cases from Ob.rammerqau, Nazard 2-2/1' &1 pipes Germanv. R.stor.tion carried out by K.n~ Piccolo 2' &1 pipes neth end Dorothy Holden of th. K & 0 Clarinet I' 61 pipes O,gan Service Co., Fernd.I., Michigan. Orchestral Oboe S' &1 pipes Harp S' £1 notes Th. original fonal design has b •• n pre· Celesta 4' 61 notes ,et'led, without any tonel change, or addi­ Tremolo tions being mad •• Pouchboatds and pri­ matie, rel •• th.red using natur.1 ... egetabl. tanned I•• th.r; other pneumatics t.-COY­ SOLO .red with Poly.lon_ Phosphot.bronu con­ Sleniorphone S' 7J "ipel tects repl.c.d by silver contuh. Pipe­ GambD 8' 7] pipes work r.p..... d as ".unary. Orl)entd-choir Gamba Celesle I ' 73 pipes director is Rob.rt Hawksley; Dr. Allan A. Ophideide 16' 7] pipes Zaun is pador. Tuba Mirabilis I' 120" wind) 7] pipes GREAT Tuba I' 13 pipes Diapalon 16' 7J pipes French Horn S' 73 pipes Diap.son I S' 7] p,pes En~I ; ,h Horn S' 73 pipet Diapason II S' 73 pipes Tuba Clerio~ .' 7J piPts Claribel Flute 8' 7J pipes Tremolo EneMer S' 7] pipes Octava .' 7J pipes Flute 01' 7J pipes ECH9 Twelfth 2-2/3' 'I pipes OiilpalOn '8' 7l'pipes FiflHnth 2' &1 pipes Chimney Flute S' 7J pipes Ophideide 1&' (Solo) Voir Ce leste II I ' 122.pipes Trombe S' 73 pipes Tubo S' (Solo) Flute .' 73 pipes Tromba S' 13 pipes Clorion .' 7J pipes Vor Humana S' 73· pipes Tubo Clarion .' ISolo) Chimes (Echo) Chimes 25 notes SWEll Tremolo Bourdon 1&' 7J pipes Di tPolson I S' 7J pipes PEDAL Diopason II S' 7) pipes Clorobella S' 73 pipes Oi.!l pasoft 1&' ]2 pipes Ged.d.:t S' 7J piPH Diapason '" (Great) Gllmb.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses English Folk under the Red Flag: The Impact of Alan Bush's `Workers' Music' on 20th Century Britain's Left-Wing Music Scene ROBINSON, ALICE,MERIEL How to cite: ROBINSON, ALICE,MERIEL (2021) English Folk under the Red Flag: The Impact of Alan Bush's `Workers' Music' on 20th Century Britain's Left-Wing Music Scene , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13924/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 English Folk under the Red Flag: The Impact of Alan Bush’s ‘Workers’ Music’ on 20 th Century Britain’s Left-Wing Music Scene Alice Robinson Abstract Workers’ music: songs to fight injustice, inequality and establish the rights of the working classes. This was a new, radical genre of music which communist composer, Alan Bush, envisioned in 1930s Britain.
    [Show full text]