Spring 2015
MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY (#23490)
ARNOLD M. HOWITT, PH.D.
Executive Director, Ash Center for [email protected] Democratic Governance and Innovation Phone: (617) 495-4571 Faculty Co-Director, Program on Crisis Leadership John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University
DAVID W. GILES, M.A., Teaching Fellow
Associate Director, Program on Crisis [email protected] Leadership Phone: (617) 496-4165 John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University
Management E-5095: Disaster Relief and Recovery focuses on both the management of immediate post-disaster humanitarian assistance – shelter, food, medical care, restoration of critical public services and basic economic activity—and the dynamics of longer-term com- munity recovery in the aftermath of major disasters. To provide a broad perspective, the course looks at spe- Management E-5095 and E-5090 cific disaster and recovery situations both in the United This course covers related but very dif- States and in other countries. Among our US examples, ferent material from another course we will pay special attention to Hurricane Sandy in that Dr. Howitt teaches – Management New Jersey and New York in 2012, Hurricane Katrina E-5090: Crisis Management and in New Orleans in 2005, and reconstruction of the Emergency Preparedness. World Trade Center site in New York City since 2001. Students who have taken E-5090 will But we will also focus intensively on international ex- find virtually no overlap in content or amples, studying the Ebola epidemic in Africa in 2014; subject matter in E-5095. Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines in 2013; the massive These courses are complementary, and Tohoku earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident in there is no natural order in which they Japan in 2011; the wide-spread floods that struck should be taken. Thus, Disaster Relief Pakistan in 2010 and 2011; the devastating earthquake and Recovery could be taken either in Haiti in 2010; the Wenchuan earthquake in China in before or after Crisis Management and 2008; and the Indian Ocean tsunami that struck Emergency Preparedness. Indonesia and other countries in 2004. When catastrophes occur – whether natural disasters, failures of critical technology systems, dis- ease, or terrorism – society must respond to the needs of individuals, families, and communities whose lives have been severely disrupted. In television reports, news articles, video clips, and posts to social media, we see graphic portrayals of the suffering that such disasters create; but MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 2
these accounts often fail to give us a robust picture of the dilemmas that communities, respon- ders, and international aid organizations face in carrying out rescues and providing assistance to those affected. Even less often do we get more than a glimpse of how in ensuing weeks, months, and years, an affected city or region seeks to recover – or fails to rebound – from the physical damage, social and economic disruption, and demoralization of a catastrophe. What are the core problems inherent wherever disasters strike, as well as the factors that make recovery different from one social/economic/political setting to another? Effectively coping with relief and recovery challenges is not exclusively a post-disaster task, however. Society must take steps in advance of a catastrophic event to be prepared to provide relief rapidly and make recovery as speedy and complete as possible. That is a key part of what creates community resilience. And it suggests the importance of preparatory adaptations to the looming threat of climate-change. From a process point of view, the course is concerned with action and inaction at the local level where the disaster has occurred, the efforts of the state/province/prefecture and national government to provide aid, and the role, if any, of the international community (governments, NGOs, and international organizations such as UN agencies). We deal with the substantive issues of disaster relief and recovery, as well as the political relationships and coordination difficulties between local and central government authorities and between these governments and international organizations. Although we will look very closely at a number of specific disaster situations, our main purpose is analytic, not descriptive. Throughout the course, we will not only try to understand what has happened in the specific examples we read about but also to put them in a larger strategic and managerial perspective. From this vantage point, we will seek to identify the skills and systems that must be deployed in response to disaster; consider how to set a course of action, mobilize and coordinate resources, and rally support; and – quite importantly – ask how organizations can effectively prepare in advance for such events.
COURSE FORMAT – “LIVE” AND “DISTANCE LEARNING” OPTIONS The course will meet “live” once a week on Mondays from 5:30 to 7:30 PM on the Harvard campus in Room 306 at 1 Story St. (See the course schedule, which follows in the syllabus, for the full sequence of “live” class topics and dates.) The course will also be available both as a real-time internet feed and on a recorded video basis as part of the Extension School’s Distance Education Program. Class sessions will mix lecture and discussion, with an emphasis on the latter. Many sessions will involve analysis of a case study, but other assigned readings will also be discussed. I will have plenty to say but will rarely lecture for an entire class. Instead, I prefer to run most class sessions as discussions with lots of participation. Comment, disagreement, participant-to-partici- pant discussion are all “in bounds” and will make our time together more productive and livelier. Through the Extension School’s Distance Education Program (please see the distance education website for program details: http://www.extension.harvard.edu/distanceed), the classes at Harvard each week are recorded and made available to all registered students via the internet. Some students (including many who live far away from the Harvard campus) will thus be taking the course exclusively online, via real-time streaming video, or through recorded class sessions posted on the web a few days after a class occurs “live” in the classroom. If distance students view the real-time streaming video, they will also be able to participate in an online “chat room” MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 3
with other distance students, which will be moderated by the course teaching fellow. Students can access the chat room through the course website. Note that when class session videos are posted to the course website (generally 24-48 hours after the live class), they will be available to both “distance” and “in class” students throughout the semester. So a student who normally attends classes “live” will be able to view a session that s/he has missed. Only students officially registered for the course will be able to access the video postings.
COURSE WEBSITE The course website should prove a valuable asset whether you are taking the course “live” or over the internet. The website will put in one electronic place a number of resources: videos of class sessions, the syllabus, information about the instructor and the course, class PowerPoint slides, assignments, discussion bulletin boards to communicate with classmates, etc. New material will appear regularly. Only registered students will be able to get access to the “inner” pages of the website. You will need to log in with a PIN provided by the Extension School when you register for the course. The URL for the course website is https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/1773.
PROGRAM ON CRISIS LEADERSHIP WEBSITE Howitt and Giles are Faculty Co-Director and Associate Director, respectively, of Harvard Kennedy School’s Program on Crisis Leadership (PCL). PCL’s website contains a wide range of publications – many of which can be downloaded at no cost – as well as a listing of case studies on emergency management. The website also announces term-time PCL events that students located in the Harvard area are welcome to attend. See http://www.hks.harvard.edu/programs/crisisleadership
STUDENT INFORMATION To give me a better idea of your prior educational background, work experience, and personal objectives, please e-mail a RESUME and COVER LETTER telling me why you are taking the course. (My e-mail address is on the front of the syllabus.) This information helps me better target what I am doing in class and get acquainted with you much faster. If you don't have a reasonably up-to-date resume, please don't bother constructing one; just tell me the basic story in your letter. Please make sure that you include your e-mail address and phone number so that I can reach you if necessary. If you are a distance education student, please let me know your location – city, state, country – since otherwise I have no way of knowing where you come from.
READING ASSIGNMENTS The syllabus lists required readings and case study assignments for each class session. I expect that you will read the REQUIRED READING assignments before class. Often the syllabus lists several questions to think about while you are doing your reading. In preparing for class, these questions should help you focus on key points and prepare for class participation. (I don’t want or expect, however, that you will submit written responses to the discussion questions!) MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 4
Sometimes class sessions will discuss the required readings, particularly the case studies, and discussion questions directly; at other times some required readings will be mentioned briefly in class or not at all. However, I regard all required readings as important and will hold you responsible for their content in written assignments. In addition, this syllabus is meant to be a resource for students who wish to go beyond the requirements of the course on selected subjects. On most topics the syllabus lists many SUGGESTED FURTHER READINGS. These are included so that if a topic piques your interest or if in the future you need to delve more deeply into an issue, you will have references. I do not expect that you will read these as we go along in the course, but I hope that many of you will eventually sample the books, articles, and documents included among the suggested readings. Finding course required readings: BOOKS: For those students who purchase course readings, which you will find quite convenient, you can purchase the following books at the Harvard Coop in Cambridge or order them from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, or other online booksellers: Elizabeth G. Ferris, The Politics of Protection (Brookings Institution Press, 2011). Tom Wooten, We Shall Not Be Moved: Rebuilding Home in the Wake of Katrina (Beacon, 2012).
CASE STUDIES: Some required case studies will be available for free download on the course website. However, other required case studies, for which free download is not permitted because of copyright restrictions, are available for online purchase from Harvard Business Publishing. A course pack will be available that will enable students to purchase these as a set with a discount. Instructions on how to procure the pack will be sent to students by email and posted on the course website. In addition, links for purchasing these cases individually are provided on the syllabus, under the date for which they are assigned. OTHER READINGS: Some readings, as indicated on the syllabus, may be downloaded directly from the internet or are available on the course website. Others are available electronically through Harvard’s online library portal, at: http://sfx.hul.harvard.edu/hvd/az/. Instructions on how to then proceed to obtain readings through this portal are provided on the syllabus, under the date for which they are assigned. Please note that to access these readings, you will be asked to enter your Harvard ID and PIN numbers. NOTE: Accessing New York Times articles: We have assigned several New York Times articles for almost every class. The Times, however, limits how many free articles an individual can read online each month. Thus, you should access the articles we have assigned through the Harvard Library's online subscription, which is available and free to students who have a Harvard ID number and a PIN. To access the articles, please follow these instructions: 1. Go to http://e-research.lib.harvard.edu/V?func=find-db-1 [**NOTE THAT YOU WILL PROBABLY NEED TO LOG-IN WITH YOUR HUID AT THIS POINT**] 2. Type Lexis into the "Database Name" field. 3. Click on LexisNexis Academic [this should be the first option that appears] 4. You will then be directed to the search page for the LexisNexis database. Enter the article title into the search field. Click on the result that matches the information for the reading given in the syllabus. MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 5
The syllabus also lists “suggested readings” in addition to required ones. Some of these are available for download on the internet. However, we do not have ways of supplying some others of these readings, especially to distance-learning students. Students will have to find these items on their own if you wish to read them.
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS The course requires two written analyses and a final assignment. In each instance, I will post a detailed assignment sheet on the course website a few weeks prior to the due date – i.e., on February 9 and March 23. Your analyses (each approximately 1000-1200 words in length) will be due in electronic form on or before March 2 and April 13 at the time that class starts. The final assignment will be posted on the web on April 20 and will be due electronically on Monday, May 11.
A NOTE ON THE CASE STUDY METHOD This course relies heavily on the “case study method.” Case studies are descriptions of manage- ment situations, often ending with a problem or dilemma for the manager to solve. In the process of dissecting the problem during discussion and assessing the options available to the manager for solving it, we will learn a good deal about emergency management in general – not just about that particular situation. The best way to prepare a case study for class involves several steps: Look at the discussion questions listed on the syllabus to orient you to the issues. Class discussion will later engage these or related discussion questions. Next, read the case through. Then return to the questions, develop some tentative answers based on your reading, and carefully review the case again to test the feasibility and good sense of your ideas. (Please note: I do NOT expect that you will submit written responses to the discussion questions.) This thinking in advance will “prime” you to listen acutely to classmates’ comments and parti- cipate in class discussions.
GRADING Course grades will be based on the quality of both written work and active participation in the course. Each of the three written assignments will count for 25% of your final grade; course participation will count for an additional 25%. (1) Written work: In grading your written assignments, which I do personally, I consider both your ability to recognize and apply the theoretical concepts about emergency preparedness and crisis management that are developed in readings and class sessions and how well you can relate these concepts to the “fact” situations of the case studies that are covered in course reading assignments. In addition, your written assignments are graded on qualities of good writing: organization, strength and precision of reasoning, and clarity of expression. I recognize that some international students have less experience in writing in English than native speakers, so for those students I make some allowance in reading their assignments. However, the basic principles of strong substantive content, good organization, clear reasoning, and effective expression must be in MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 6
evidence in all students’ papers. (I will post on the course website a memo with more information about how to think about written assignments in the course.) Because the schedule for assignment completion is set at the beginning of the semester and is very clear, I am strict about receiving papers on time. Late papers will definitely be accepted but, at my discretion, with a grade penalty appropriate for the degree of lateness. (2) Class Participation: Active participation in the course produces educational benefits for all. First, through participation, a student actively engages with readings and lectures, as well as her/his classmates’ comments, and improves her/his ability to frame thoughts cogently and persuasively. Second, it contributes to the education of others by giving them the benefit of each student’s experience and ideas. Therefore, in giving term grades I take account of students’ class participation in addition to writing assignments. Students are expected to contribute to our collective learning by participating in interactive class discussions. Class participation, as noted above, will count for 25% of a student’s term grade. The course will have three ways to participate, including ways appropriate for distance students: In-class participation: In traditional fashion, classroom sessions will afford students in the room the opportunity to ask questions, comment, and engage in interactive dialogue with the instructor and other students. “Chat room” during live classes: During classroom sessions, students watching the live video feed online will have the opportunity to log into a “chat room” where they can ask questions, comment, and engage in dialogue with other students in a forum moderated by the course teaching fellow, David Giles. The link for accessing the chat room is available on the course website. On-line Discussion Forums: The course website will have a section of “Discussion Forums”— where students will be able to post responses to questions and issues related to course topics. Some of these forums will be initiated by David Giles and me; but students may request that we start additional ones. Students may comment on or give examples (or counter-examples) of things discussed during class, disagree with ideas presented by the instructor or classmates, or introduce additional concepts that have not been covered in class, All of this will be well “in bounds.” All students – including distance students – will be expected to participate in one or more of the modes described. Distance students will understandably be limited to the electronic participation modes. Some may find it feasible to participate only through the Discussion Forums, which are the means of participation best suited to distance-learning students who cannot attend class in real-time either in person or through the chat room. That will be perfectly acceptable. Access to these Forums will be available 24/7 -- and therefore not subject to the “tyranny” of the real-time class schedule. However, some form of regular participation through at least ONE of the methods described above is a course requirement. Please note that I assess participation primarily in terms of the quality of contributions, not the quantity. Simply “weighing in” occasionally, however, is not sufficient. I expect regular, thoughtful, substantive participation and will grade participation accordingly.
CONTACTING THE INSTRUCTOR For those students who attend classes “live,” I am always available for discussion after class. For both distance learning and in-class participants, I am conveniently available via email at MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 7
[email protected]. Email is probably the easiest and fastest way for us to communicate on many matters. In addition, we can confer by telephone during the regular workday (note that I am not available evenings); or we can make an office appointment at a mutually convenient time. If I am not in when you call my office (617-495-4571), please leave a voice mail message with your full name (not just your first name!), the course name (I teach other things, so I can’t always figure out which course a student is calling about), and a return phone number. I will get back to you as promptly as possible. My mailing address is Arnold M. Howitt, Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation, Harvard Kennedy School, 79 John F. Kennedy Street, Mailbox 74, Cambridge, MA 02138. David Giles’ mailing address is the same.
MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 8
COURSE OUTLINE AND SCHEDULE
Mon, Jan 26 IN THE AFTERMATH OF DISASTER
PART I: DISASTER RELIEF Mon, Feb 2 THE REQUISITES OF RELIEF I: HURRICANES KATRINA AND SANDY
Mon, Feb 9 THE REQUISITES OF RELIEF II: DISASTER RELIEF IN THE PHILIPPINES, JAPAN, AND CHINA, – First written assignment will be posted
Mon, Feb 16 No Class – Presidents’ Day Holiday
Mon, Feb 23 INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE I: PROVIDING AND COORDINATING AID
Mon, March 2 INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE II: DIFFICULT PLACES – First written assignment due
Mon, March 9 THE ROLE OF VOLUNTEERS IN RELIEF PROVISION
Mon, March 16 No Class – Harvard Spring Break
PART II: DISASTER RECOVERY Mon, March 23 PERSPECTIVES ON DISASTER RECOVERY – Second written assignment will be posted
Mon, March 30 THE POLITICS OF PLANNING FOR RECOVERY I: HURRICANES KATRINA AND SANDY
Mon, April 6 THE POLITICS OF PLANNING FOR RECOVERY II
Mon, April 13 COMMUNITY REDEVELOPMENT: THE NEIGHBORHOOD PERSPECTIVE – Second written assignment due
Mon, April 20 ORGANIZING RECOVERY I: THE EARLY STAGES IN THE PHILIPPINES, HAITI, AND JAPAN – Final assignment will be posted
Mon, April 27 ORGANIZING RECOVERY II: CONCLUDING THE JOB – THE INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI AND CHINA’S EARTHQUAKE
Mon, May 4 CAN WE START RECOVERY BEFORE THE DISASTER? RESILIENCE AND THE CONCEPT OF ADVANCE RECOVERY
Mon, May 11 COURSE THEMES AND CONCLUDING IDEAS – Final assignment due MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 9
READING ASSIGNMENTS
The following pages present reading assignments for each class session. Materials are divided into “required” and “suggested” readings. The required readings should be completed before class because lectures and discussions will presume your knowledge of their contents. Suggested readings are just that – ideas for follow-up if you have particular interest in a specific topic or want to return to the subject for more in-depth study at some point in the future. I don’t expect that you will read these before class.
On the last pages of the syllabus, you will find a general listing of books and documents about disaster relief and recovery which may also be helpful in doing follow-up reading.
IN THE AFTERMATH OF DISASTER (Monday, January 26)
As requested on p. 3, please email me: (1) A brief letter about why you are taking the course, and (2) Your resume (or include a brief description of your background in your letter). Please provide information about your previous education and work experience and include your e-mail address and phone number, in case I need to contact you during the semester. If you are a distance education student, please let me know your primary location – city, state, and country.
Required Readings: Munich RE, “Overall Picture of Natural Catastrophes in 2013 Dominated by Weather Extremes in Europe and Supertyphoon Haiyan” http://www.munichre.com/en/media_relations/press_releases/2014/2014_01_07_p ress_release.aspx Munich RE, “Review of Natural Catastrophes in 2014: Lower Losses from Weather Extremes and Earthquakes” https://www.munichre.com/en/media- relations/publications/press-releases/2015/2015-01-07-press-release/index.html Herman B. “Dutch” Leonard and Arnold M. Howitt, “Acting in Time against Disasters: A Comprehensive Risk Management Framework,” in Howard Kunreuther and Michael Useem, eds., Learning from Catastrophes: Strategies for Reaction and Response (Wharton School Press, 2010). http://www.hks.harvard.edu/var/ezp_site/storage/fckeditor/file/pdfs/centers- programs/programs/crisis- leadership/Acting%20in%20Time%20Against%20Disaster.pdf Arnold M. Howitt and Herman B. “Dutch” Leonard, “Prepared for the Worst: The Dilemmas of Crisis Management,” in Howitt and Leonard, with David Giles, MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 10
Managing Crises: Responses to Large-Scale Emergencies (CQ Press, 2009), pp. 1-12. (Available on the course website.) Case Study: Esther Scott, “Hurricane Katrina,” in Arnold M. Howitt and Herman B. “Dutch” Leonard, Managing Crises: Responses to Large-Scale Emergencies (CQ Press, 2009). Skim pp. 13-28; read more carefully pp. 29-74. (Available on the course website.)
Discussion Questions: 1. How are the stages of the “acting in time model” reflected in the five elements of the comprehensive risk management framework? How difficult is it to “act in time” in each of these elements? 2. In what ways did the problems of “situational awareness” and “surge capacity,” described in Howitt and Leonard’s essay “Prepared for the Worst,” present themselves in the emergency response to Hurricane Katrina?
Suggested Further Reading: Herman B. “Dutch” Leonard and Arnold M. Howitt, “Against Desperate Peril: High Performance in Emergency Preparation and Response,” in Deborah E. Gibbons, ed., Communicable Crises: Prevention, Response and Recovery in the Global Arena (Information Age Publishing, 2007). Available at: http://www.hks.harvard.edu/var/ezp_site/storage/fckeditor/file/pdfs/centers- programs/programs/crisis-leadership/desperate_peril.pdf United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR), Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2013 http://www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/gar/2013/en/home/GAR_2013/GAR _2013_2.html The World Bank, Risk and Opportunity: Managing Risk for Development http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXT WDRS/EXTNWDR2013/0,,contentMDK:23459971~pagePK:8261309~piPK:8258 028~theSitePK:8258025,00.html
Part I: Disaster Relief
THE REQUISITES OF RELIEF I: HURRICANES KATRINA AND SANDY (Monday, February 2)
IF YOU HAVEN’T DONE SO ALREADY, PLEASE DON’T FORGET TO EMAIL (a) a brief letter about why you are taking the course, (b) your resume (or include a brief description of your background in your letter), and (c) contact information.
MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 11
Required Readings: Hurricane Katrina Review case study from last week: Esther Scott, “Hurricane Katrina,” in Arnold M. Howitt and Herman B. “Dutch” Leonard, Managing Crises: Responses to Large-Scale Emergencies (CQ Press, 2009). Skim pp. 13-28; read more carefully pp. 29-74. (Available on the course website.)
The Current Federal Framework for Disaster Response US Department of Homeland Security, National Response Framework, 2nd edition (May 2013), pp. 1-20, but browsing the rest is worth the time. http://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1914-25045- 1246/final_national_response_framework_20130501.pdf Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), US Department of Homeland Security, “Emergency Support Function Annexes: Introduction” http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-esf-intro.pdf. (The full set of annexes can be accessed from http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nrf/#.) FEMA, “Overview of Stafford Act to Support States” http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-stafford.pdf
Hurricane Sandy (Read these articles to get the big picture of this event but not to master detail.) James Barron, “After the Devastation, a Daunting Recovery,” NY Times (October 30, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/31/us/hurricane-sandy-barrels- region-leaving-battered-path.html?pagewanted=all Sam Dolnick and Corey Kilgannon, “Wind-Driven Flames Reduce Scores of Homes to Embers in Queens Enclave,” NY Times (October 30, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/31/nyregion/wind-driven-flames-burn-scores- of-homes-in-queens-enclave.html?ref=nyregion&_r=0 FDNY Chief Joe Pfeifer radio interview about the Breezy Point fire: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/11/05/164288404/recovery-to-take- quite-a-long-time-in-storm-ravaged-breezy-point Michael Schwirtz, “Housing Nightmare Looms in Wake of Storm,” NY Times (November 4, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/05/nyregion/freezing- temperatures-complicate-storm-recovery.html?pagewanted=all Sarah Maslin Nir, “In Sight of Manhattan Skyline, Living Forlorn and in the Dark,” NY Times (November 4, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/05/nyregion/in-sight-of-manhattan-skyline-a- population-lives-forlorn-and-in-the-dark.html?pagewanted=all N.R. Kleinfield, “Future is in Limbo for the Damaged Buildings Close to the Water’s Edge,” NY Times (November 5, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/05/nyregion/damage-unclear-future-in-limbo- for-some-buildings-in-lower-manhattan.html?pagewanted=all Eric Lipton and Kirk Semple, “At Landfill, Storm Cleanup is Military-Style Effort,” NY Times (November 16, 2012) MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 12
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/17/nyregion/cleanup-from-hurricane-sandy-is- military-style-operation.html?pagewanted=all Anemona Hartocollis and Julie Turkewitz, “Storm Victims, in Cleanup, Face Rise in Injuries and Illness,” NY Times (November 19, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/nyregion/improvised-emergency-rooms- rise-amid-hurricane-sandys-debris.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Edward Wyatt, “F.C.C. Says Failure of 911 in Storm Was Preventable,” NY Times (January 10, 2013) http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/11/business/911-failure-in- storm-was-preventable-fcc-says.html Kate Zernike, “Police Barricades and Curfews Wear on Jersey Shore Nerves,” NY Times (January 14, 2013) http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/15/nyregion/checkpoints-and-curfews-replace- carefree-at-jersey-shore.html
Discussion Questions: 1. What were the key problems for both the City of New Orleans and the State of Louisiana in providing disaster relief after Hurricane Katrina? 2. What problems afflicted federal efforts to provide aid? 3. To what extent were those problems replicated in the response to Hurricane Sandy in New York City? 4. What different emergency response/relief problems presented themselves in Hurricane Sandy?
Suggestions for Further Reading Case Study: David W. Giles, “Surviving the Surge: New York City Hospitals Respond to Superstorm Sandy,” Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School. (Available on the course website.) Information resources about the National Incident Management System (NIMS) http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/index.shtm Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended, and Related Authorities, FEMA 592, June 2007. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/about/stafford_act.pdf The White House, “The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned,” (February 2006), pp. 33-64. http://library.stmarytx.edu/acadlib/edocs/katrinawh.pdf U.S. Senate, Chapter 21, “Search and Rescue,” and Chapter 23, “Logistics,” in Hurricane Katrina: A Nation Still Unprepared, Special Report, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, pp. 331-357 and 375-396, available at http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CRPT-109srpt322/pdf/CRPT-109srpt322.pdf. U.S. House of Representatives, “A Failure of Initiative: Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparations for and Response to Hurricane Katrina,” (2006). http://www.uscg.mil/history/katrina/docs/USHouseOfRepKatrina2006MainR1epo rt.pdf MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 13
Frontline documentary (video available online), “The Storm,” WGBH Boston Video, 2005. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/storm/view/
THE REQUISITES OF RELIEF II: DISASTER RELIEF IN THE PHILIPPINES, JAPAN, AND CHINA (Monday, February 9)
The assignment sheet for the first written assignment, due March 2, will be posted on the course website. Required Readings: (The readings on the Philippines and Japan are brief. However, please note that the China case studies below are lengthy – but worthwhile!) The Philippines – Typhoon Haiyan – November 2013 Emily Hough, “Typhoon Haiyan: A Brief Summary,” Crisis/Response Journal, Volume 9, No. 2 (December 2013), pp. 22-24. (Available for download on course website.) Andrew Jacobs, “Typhoon Response Highlights Weaknesses in Philippine Military,” NY Times (November 19, 2013) http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/20/world/asia/typhoon-response-highlights- weaknesses-in-philippine-military.html?src=xps Thomas Lum and Rhoda Margesson, “Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda): U.S. and International Response to Philippines Disaster,” Congressional Research Service (November 25, 2013), R43309 http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R43309_20131125.pdf Japan – March 11, 2011 Video: BBC report on the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V96r_0_cjQM Martin Fackler, “Powerful Earthquake and Tsunami Devastate Northern Japan,” New York Times (March 12, 2011) http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/12/world/asia/12japan.html?pagewanted=all Martin Fackler and Mark McDonald, “Japan Pushes to Rescue Survivors as Quake Toll Rises,” New York Times (March 12, 2011) http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/13/world/asia/13japan.html?pagewanted=all New York Times (March 13, 2011), Before and after satellite photographs of areas hard-hit by the earthquake and tsunami (use slide bar on each set of photographs): http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/03/13/world/asia/satellite-photos-japan- before-and-after-tsunami.html Ken Belson, “Certainties of Modern Life Upended in Japan,” New York Times (March 15, 2011) http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/16/world/asia/16japan.html?pagewanted=all Martin Fackler, “Radiation Fears and Distrust Push Thousands From Homes,” New York Times (March 17, 2011) MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 14
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/18/world/asia/18displaced.html?pagewanted=al l Hannah Beech, “Is Japan’s Bureaucracy Strangling Humanitarian Aid?” Time Magazine (March 22, 2011) http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2060773,00.html
China – The Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan Province – May 12, 2008 Case Study: Cheng (Jason) Qian, “China’s Response to the Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 (A): The Rescue Effort” (Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School, 2010). (Available for download on the course website.) Case Study: Cheng (Jason) Qian, “China’s Response to the Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 (B): Disaster Relief” (Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School, 2010). (Available for download on the course website.)
Discussion Questions: 1. How well prepared were Japan, China, and the Philippines to manage disaster response to their earthquakes? 2. How effectively were they able to provide aid on their own to the affected region and people? What problems were encountered? 3. What role did international assistance play in each of these cases? How important was it? What limitations, if any, were there on international aid?
Suggestions for Further Reading: Case study: David W. Giles, “The Triple Catastrophe: Japan’s 03/11/11 Earthquake, Tsunami, and Nuclear Crisis” Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School (Available for download on the course website) Hanna B. Krebs, “Responsibility, Legitimacy, Morality: Chinese Humanitarianism in Historical Perspective,” Humanitarian Policy Group (September 2014). http://www.odi.org/publications/8661-history-humanitarian-china-working-paper Case Study: Cheng (Jason) Qian, “China’s Blizzards of 2008,” (Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School, 2010). (Available on the course website.) Case Study: Chelsea Lei, “Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan” (A, B, and C), Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School (2010). (Available on the course website.)
Chile’s Earthquake – February 27, 2010 Alexei Barrionuevo and Liz Robbins, “1.5 Million Displaced after Chile Quake,” NY Times (February 28, 2010). http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/world/americas/28chile.html Benjamin Witte, “Chile Earthquake: Death Toll Rises, Authorities Race to Assess Damage,” Christian Science Monitor (February 28, 2010). http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2010/0228/Chile-earthquake-Death- toll-rises-authorities-race-to-assess-damage The Earthquake in photos: http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/02/earthquake_in_chile.html MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 15
Ginger Thompson, “Earthquake Exposes Faults in Chilean Politics,” NY Times (March 4, 2010). http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/04/world/americas/04chile.html Alexei Barrionuevo, “Most in Chile’s Capital Unhappy with Quake Response,” NY Times (March 8, 2010). http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/08/world/americas/08chile.html
February 16 – No Class Session because of Presidents’ Day Holiday The reading load for the next two weeks is heavy and the first assignment is due soon, so you may wish to get a head start during this holiday week.
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE I: PROVIDING AND COORDINATING AID (Monday, February 23)
Required Readings: Elizabeth G. Ferris, The Politics of Protection: The Limits of Humanitarian Action (Brookings Institution Press, 2011), Ch. 3-4, 6-7, and 10, pp. 62-125, 174-227, and 270-285. (Required course book.) Case Study: Matt Stolhandske and Ashley Zohn, “Coordinating in the Face of Chaos: The Shelter Cluster System in Post-Disaster Haiti” Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School (Available for download on course website.) Daniel Curran and Herman B. “Dutch” Leonard, “Recovery in Aceh: Towards a Strategy of Emergence,” Harvard Business School Working Paper # 05-082 (May 2005). http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/05-082.pdf Victoria Metcalfe, Simone Haysom, and Stuart Gordon, “Trends and Challenges In Humanitarian Civil–Military Coordination,” Humanitarian Policy Group (May 2012), Ch 1 and 3, pp. 1-3, 15-19. https://ochanet.unocha.org/p/Documents/05- 12%20Literature%20Review%20- %20Trends%20and%20challenges%20in%20humanitarian%20civil- military%20coordination.pdf John Solomon and Spencer S. Hsu, “Most Katrina Aid from Overseas Went Unclaimed” (Washington Post, April 29, 2007) http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2007/04/28/AR2007042801113.html
Discussion Questions: 1. What are the key problems in providing international assistance in the aftermath of a major disaster? 2. What methods have been developed to coordinate assistance from the multitude of international aid organizations that mobilize in response to disaster? 3. What problems and short-comings in coordination continue to appear? MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 16
Suggested Further Reading: Rebecca Barber, “Localising the Humanitarian Toolkit: Lessons from Recent Philippines Disasters,” in Natural Disaster Management in the Asia-Pacific: Policy and Governance, ed. Caroline Brassard, David W. Giles, and Arnold M. Howitt (Springer, 2015), pp. 17-31. (Available on the course website.) Robin Bush, “Muhammadiyah and Disaster Response: Innovation and Change in Humanitarian Assistance,” in Natural Disaster Management in the Asia-Pacific: Policy and Governance, ed. Caroline Brassard, David W. Giles, and Arnold M. Howitt (Springer, 2015), pp. 33-48. (Available on the course website.) Elizabeth Ferris and Daniel Petz, “In the Neighborhood: The Growing Role of Regional Organizations in Disaster Risk Management,” The Brookings Institution and London School of Economics, Project on Internal Displacement (February 2013) http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2013/02/regional-organizations- disaster-risk-ferris Lilianne Fan and Hanna B. Krebs, “Regional Organisations and Humanitarian Action: the Case of ASEAN,” Humanitarian Policy Group (September 2014) http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion- files/9207.pdf Steering Committee for Humanitarian Response, “SCHR Position Paper on Humanitarian-Military Relations” (January 2010). http://www.alnap.org/resource/11212 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance, Civil-Military Guidelines & Reference for Complex Emergencies (March 7, 2008). https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Documents/ENGLISH%20VERSION%20Guid elines%20for%20Complex%20Emergencies.pdf International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, United Nations Development Programme, Guidance Note on Recovery: Infrastructure (no date) http://www.unisdr.org/files/16773_16773guidancenoteonrecoveryinfrastr.pdf Ethan Bronner, “Facing Fires, Israel Appeals for Help,” NY Times (December 4, 2010), p. A5 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/04/world/middleeast/04israel.html?scp=1&sq=f acing%20its%20worst%20natural%20disaster,%20israel%20appeals%20for%20h elp&st=cse Wikipedia, “Humanitarian Response to the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_response_to_the_2011_T%C5%8Dho ku_earthquake_and_tsunami Susan Page Hocevar, Erik Jansen, and Gail Fann Thomas, “Inter-Organizational Collaboration: Addressing the Challenge,” Homeland Security Affairs (2011) http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.5 Steven A. Zyck, “Regional Organisations and Humanitarian Action” Humanitarian Policy Group, Overseas Development Institute (November 2013) http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion- files/8733.pdf Lai Yu-Hung Allen, “Organizational Collaborative Capacities in Disaster Management: Evidence from the Taiwan Red Cross Organization,” Asian Journal of Social MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 17
Science, Vol. 39 (2011), pp; 446-468. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/saj/2011/00000039/00000004/art00 004 The SPHERE Project, “Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response – What is Sphere?” http://www.spherehandbook.org/en/what-is-sphere/ and the full handbook in its 2011 edition: http://www.sphereproject.org/resources/download- publications/?search=1&keywords=&language=English&category=22 Julia Streets, Francois Grunewald, et al., Cluster Approach Evaluation 2: Synthesis Report, pp. 24-41 and “Executive Summary,” pp. 8-16. (The entire report can be accessed at http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content- products-common&tempid=99 if you scroll all the way down the web page.) Domitille Kauffmann and Susanna Krüger, Myanmar (Global Public Policy Institute and Urgence Rehabilitation Developpment, 2010). (The entire report can be accessed at http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content-products- common&tempid=99 if you scroll all the way down the web page.) Anne C. Richard, Role Reversal Offers of Help from Other Countries in Response to Hurricane Katrina (Brookings Institution Press, 2006). UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA), website: http://www.unocha.org/ Also see short descriptions at: http://www.unocha.org/what-we-do/coordination/overview [click on links in the “coordination tools” box for more information on specific topics] Erica Harper, International Law and Standards Applicable in Natural Disaster Situations (International Development Law Organization, 2009). Available at http://www.idlo.int/publications/Natural_Disaster_Manual.pdf Richard Sylves, “Globalization of Disasters,” in Disaster Policy and Politics: Emergency Management and Homeland Security (CQ Press, 2008), pp. 194-209.
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE II: DIFFICULT PLACES (Monday, March 2)
First Written Assignment is due by class time.
Required Readings: The Ebola Epidemic in Africa – 2014-15 Lena H. Sun, Brady Dennis, Lenny Bernstein, and Joel Achenbach, “Out of Control: How the World’s Health Organizations Failed to Stop the Ebola Disaster,” Washington Post (October 4, 2014) http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/national/2014/10/04/how-ebola-sped-out-of- control/ Alexandra Zavis, “Ebola-free: How did Nigeria and Senegal do it?” LA Times (October 22, 2014) http://www.latimes.com/world/africa/la-fg-nigeria-senegal- ebola-20141022-story.html MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 18
Joel Achenbach and Lena H. Sun, “U.S. Ebola Fighters Head to Africa, But Will the Military and Civilian Effort Be Enough?” Washington Post (October 25, 2014) http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/us-ebola-fighters- head-to-africa-but-will-the-military-and-civilian-effort-be- enough/2014/10/25/1ceba6a8-5b99-11e4-8264-deed989ae9a2_story.html Jeffrey Gettleman, “As Ebola Rages, Poor Planning Thwarts Efforts,” NY Times, December 6, 2014 http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/07/world/africa/as-ebola-rages-in-sierra- leone-poor-planning-thwarts-efforts.html?smid=nytcore-ipad- share&smprod=nytcore-ipad Somini Sengupta, “Effort on Ebola Hurt W.H.O. Chief,” NY Times (January 6, 2015) http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/07/world/leader-of-world-health- organization-defends-ebola-response.html?smid=nytcore-ipad- share&smprod=nytcore-ipad
Pakistan’s Floods – Summer 2010: Case Study: David Tannenwald, “Inundation: The Slow-Moving Crisis of Pakistan’s 2010 Floods,” Parts A, B, and Epilogue, HKS Case Program, Case #2015.0, 2016.0, and 2016.1. Available for purchase: https://hbr.org/product/inundation-the-slow-moving-crisis-of-pakistan-s-2010- floods-a/HKS794-PDF-ENG and https://hbr.org/product/inundation-the-slow-moving-crisis-of-pakistan-s-2010- floods-b/HKS795-PDF-ENG and https://hbr.org/product/inundation-the-slow-moving-crisis-of-pakistan-s-2010- floods-epilogue/HKS796-PDF-ENG.
Haiti’s Earthquake – January 2010: Simon Romero and Marc Lacey, “Fierce Quake Devastates Haiti,” NY Times, January 12, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/13/world/americas/13haiti.html?scp=1&sq=Fie rce%20Quake%20Devastates%20Haiti;%20Worst%20Is%20Feared&st=cse Simon Romero and Marc Lacey, “Escaping the Capital as Help is Arriving,” NY Times, January 19, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/19/world/americas/19haiti.html Marc Lacey, “US Troops Patrol Haiti, Filling a Void,” NY Times, January 20, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/americas/20haiti.html Marc Lacey, “Nightmare in Haiti: Untreated Illness and Injury,” NY Times, January 21, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/world/americas/21haiti.html
Discussion Questions: 1. How did providing aid to Pakistan, Haiti, or the countries afflicted with Ebola differ from the international assistance situations we’ve discussed so far? 2. What facilitated and hindered the provision of aid? 3. What general difficulties confront international aid organizations in such situations as these three cases? MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 19
4. What methods seem most effective in managing such situations – and what problems remain?
Suggested Further Reading: Case Study: Ophelia Roman and Ye Minn Thein, “Getting Help to Victims of 2008 Cyclone Nargis: AmeriCares Engages with Myanmar’s Military Government” (Case and Epilogue). Harvard Kennedy School Case Program, No. 1931.0 and 1931.1. Available for purchase at https://hbr.org/product/getting-help-to-victims-of-2008- cyclone-nargis-americares-engages-with-myanmar-s-military-government/HKS130- PDF-ENG and https://hbr.org/product/getting-help-to-victims-of-2008-cyclone-nargis-americares- engages-with-myanmar-s-military-government-sequel/HKS131-PDF-ENG. Wooyeal Paik, “Authoritarianism and Humanitarian Aid: Regime Stability and External Relief in China and Myanmar,” The Pacific Review, Vol. 24, No. 4 (September 2011), 439-462. ASEAN (the Association of Southeast Asian Nations), A Humanitarian Call: The ASEAN Response to Cyclone Nargis (July 2010) http://www.asean.org/resources/item/a- humanitarian-call-the-asean-response-to-cyclone-nargis-2 Erik Brattberg and Bengt Sundelius, “Mobilizing for International Disaster Relief: Comparing US and EU Approaches to the 2010 Haiti Earthquake,” Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Vol. 8: Issue 1, Article 24. http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jhsem.2011.8.issue- 1/jhsem.2011.8.1.1869/jhsem.2011.8.1.1869.xml Paul Farmer, Haiti After the Earthquake (Public Affairs Press, 2011). Inter-Agency Steering Committee, “Response to the Humanitarian Crisis In Haiti Following The 12 January 2010 Earthquake: Achievements, Challenges and Lessons To Be Learned” (2010). This report can be accessed at http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content-news- newsdetails&newsid=143
THE ROLE OF VOLUNTEERS IN RELIEF PROVISION (Monday, March 9)
Required Reading: Lauren E. Barsky, Joseph E. Trainor, Manuel R. Torres, and Benigno E. Aguirre, “Managing Volunteers: FEMA’s Urban Search and Rescue Programme and Interactions with Unaffiliated Responders in Disaster Response,” Disasters, 2007, 31(4), pp. 495-507. (Available in Harvard Library’s e-Resources. To access this article, go to: http://sfx.hul.harvard.edu/hvd/az/; then enter “Disasters” into the title search field; once the results appear, click on “Academic Search Premier;” when the next screen appears, click on “2007;” next select “Vol. 31 Issue 4;” then scroll to the “Managing Volunteers” article and click on the PDF icon. At some point in this process, you will also be asked to enter your Harvard ID and PIN #s.) MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 20
Tricia Wachtendorf and James M. Kendra, “Considering Convergence, Coordination, and Social Capital in Disasters,” University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center, Preliminary Paper #342a (2004). http://dspace.udel.edu:8080/dspace/handle/19716/737 Case Study: Chelsea Lei, “Grassroots NGOs’ Response to the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake” and “Epilogue” (Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation, China Public Policy Program, Harvard Kennedy School) (Available on the course website) Dan Levin, “Social Media in China Fuel Citizen Response to Quake,” NY Times (May 11, 2013) http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/12/world/asia/quake- response.html?src=xps Information about Recovers, an organization that helps disaster-stricken communities organize volunteers for relief and recovery tasks. See https://recovers.org/, https://recovers.org/about, and https://recovers.org/communities. Started in 2011 by two sisters – a Harvard and MIT student – it has grown quickly. Recovers has been honored as a “champion of change” in a White House ceremony. See https://blog.recovers.org/2013/07/31/recovers-recognized-by-the-white-house-as- champions-of-change/
Discussion Questions: 1. In what ways are volunteers potentially helpful in providing relief and helping with recovery in the aftermath of a major disaster? Why then are professional responders often very wary of using volunteers? 2. Does it make a difference whether volunteers are “affiliated” or “unaffiliated”? “Spontaneous” or “non-spontaneous”? 3. How does the establishment of prior relationships between citizen volunteers and emergency responders, as well as other forms of preparedness, ameliorate the difficulties of utilizing volunteers? To what extent does this “solve” the problem of managing volunteers in the wake of a major disaster? 4. In reading the case study about Chinese NGOs responding to the Wenchuan earthquake, consider how national culture and political structure affect the role of volunteer organizations in disaster relief.
Suggested Further Reading: Simon Avenell, “From Kobe to Tohoku: The Potential and the Peril of a Volunteer Infrastructure,” in Jeff Kingston, ed., Natural Disaster and Nuclear Crisis in Japan (Routledge, 2012), pp. 53-77. FEMA, “A Whole Community Approach to Emergency Management: Principles, Themes, and Pathways for Action,” (FDOC 104-008-1/December 2011) http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=4941 Volunteer Management Committee of the National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (NVOAD), “Managing Spontaneous Volunteers in Times of Disaster: The Synergy of Structure and Good Intentions” http://www.fema.gov/pdf/donations/ManagingSpontaneousVolunteers.pdf Rajib Shaw and Takako Izumi, eds., Civil Society Organization and Disaster Risk Reduction (Springer, 2014). MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 21
Part II: Disaster Recovery
Monday, March 16 – No class – Harvard Spring Break
PERSPECTIVES ON DISASTER RECOVERY (Monday, March 23)
Second written assignment – due April 13 – will be posted on the course website.
Required Readings: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Disaster Recovery Framework: Strengthening Disaster Recovery for the Nation (September 2011), read pp. 1-11 and browse the remainder of this document. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/recoveryframework/ndrf.pdf Douglas Ahlers, Arnold M. Howitt, and Herman B. “Dutch” Leonard, “Preparing in Advance for Disaster Recovery,” Global-is-Asian (October-December 2011), pp. 40-41. http://www.hks.harvard.edu/content/download/67362/1242258/version/1/file/Adv ance+Recovery+in+G-I-A+Dec+2011+%28reduced%29.pdf James W. Fossett, “Let’s Stop Improvising Disaster Recovery,” The Nelson Rockefeller Institute of Government, State University of New York (July 2013) http://www.rockinst.org/observations/fossettj/2013-07-09- Improvising_Disaster_Recovery.aspx Edward Glaeser, “Should the Government Rebuild New Orleans, Or Just Give Residents Checks?” The Economist’s Voice, Vol. 2 No. 4 (2005), Article 4. http://are.berkeley.edu/~ligon/Teaching/EEP100/glaeser05.pdf The following two readings are “get aheads” for next week’s New Orleans class, which has a very heavy set of reading assignments. Although they will not be discussed in this class session, it will be very helpful to read them during the current week when other readings are lighter: Case Study: Tom Wooten, “The Gordian Knot: Destruction, Discord, and Doubt in Post-Katrina New Orleans” (Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School, 2014). (Available on the course website.) Case Study: Jonathan Schlefer, “Plans versus Politics: New Orleans After Katrina,” Harvard Kennedy School Case Program, Case No. 1862.0. Available for purchase at http://hbr.org/product/plans-versus-politics-new-orleans-after- katrina/an/HKS100-PDF-ENG Discussion Questions: 1. What are key elements of a disaster recovery strategy? 2. Is recovery a “top-down” or “bottom-up” process? 3. What are the key obstacles likely to emerge during recovery? MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 22
Suggested Further Reading: Rajib Shaw, ed., Disaster Recovery: Used or Misused Opportunity (Springer, 2014). Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended, and Related Authorities, FEMA 592, June 2007. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/about/stafford_act.pdf “Emergency Support Function #14 – Long-Term Community Recovery Annex,” Department of Homeland Security, January 2008. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-esf-14.pdf Daniel J. Alesch, Lucy A. Arendt, and James N. Holly, Managing for Long-Term Community Recovery in the Aftermath of Disaster [Public Entity Risk Institute (PERI), 2009]. Jim Schwab, et al., Chapter 4: “The Planning Process,” in Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction, Report Number 483/484 (Planning Advisory Service, American Planning Association, 1998). http://www.fema.gov/pdf/rebuild/ltrc/fema_apa_ch4.pdf Jim Schwab, et al., Chapter 3: “Policies for Guiding Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction” and Chapter 5: “A Planner’s Toolkit,” in Planning for Post- Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction, Report Number 483/484 (Planning Advisory Service, American Planning Association, 1998). http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1558 Brenda D. Phillips and David M. Neal, “Recovery,” in William L. Waugh, Jr., and Kathleen Tierney, eds., Emergency Management: Principles and Practices for Local Government, 2nd ed. (Washington, DC: ICMA Press, 2007), pp. 207-233. Michael J. Trebilcock and Ronald J. Daniels, “Rationales and Instruments for Government Intervention in Natural Disasters,” in Ronald J. Daniels, Donald F. Kettl, and Howard Kunreuther, eds., On Risk and Disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006), pp. 89-107. Lawrence Vale and Thomas Campanella, “Introduction: Cities Rise Again,” and “Conclusion: Axioms of Resilience,” in The Resilient City: How Modern Cities Recover From Disaster, Vale and Campanella, eds. (Oxford University Press, 2005). pp. 3-14 and 335-355.
THE POLITICS OF PLANNING FOR RECOVERY I: HURRICANES KATRINA AND SANDY (Monday, March 30)
Required Readings: Hurricane Katrina Carefully review from last week’s required readings: o Case Study: Tom Wooten, “The Gordian Knot: Destruction, Discord, and Doubt in Post-Katrina New Orleans” and MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 23
o Case Study: Jonathan Schlefer, “Plans versus Politics: New Orleans After Katrina,” Case Study: Tom Wooten, “Louisiana Recovery Authority (LRA): Bull in the China Shop or Paper Tiger?” (Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School, 2014) (Available on the course website.) Hurricane Sandy Michael Schwirtz, “Sewage Flows After Storm Expose Flaws in System,” NY Times (November 29, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/30/nyregion/sewage-flows-after-hurricane- sandy-exposing-flaws-in-system.html?pagewanted=all Liz Robbins, “In the Bronx, Restoring a Fleeting Paradise,” NY Times (January 5, 2013) http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/06/nyregion/steven-smith-developer- hopes-to-restore-a-fleeting-paradise-in-the-bronx.html?pagewanted=all Lisa W. Foderaro, “Before Rebuilding Beaches, Plucking Debris From Storm- Tossed Sand,” NY Times (January 10, 2013) http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/10/nyregion/after-hurricane-sandy-cleaning-up- sand-and-returning-it-to-beaches.html Kate Zarnike, “Trying to Shame Dune Holdouts at Jersey Shore,” NY Times (September 4, 2013) http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/05/nyregion/dunes-fight- sets-neighbor-against-neighbor-in-new-jersey.html?src=xps Patrick McGeehan and Griff Palmer, “Displaced by Hurricane Sandy, and Living in Limbo,” NY Times (December 6, 2013) http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/07/nyregion/displaced-by-hurricane-sandy-and- living-in-limbo-instead-of-at-home.html?src=xps
Russ Buettner and David W. Chen, “Hurricane Sandy Recovery Program in New York City Was Mired by Its Design” NY Times (September 4, 2014) http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/05/nyregion/after-hurricane-sandy-a- rebuilding-program-is-hindered-by-its-own-construction.html
Discussion Questions: 1. What beliefs and concepts underlay the approach to New Orleans recovery that was recommended by the Urban Land Institute team? Why was this politically problematic? 2. Could the Bring New Orleans Back (BNOB) committee have developed a politically viable strategy for their plans? 3. Could you imagine ways that the “thought experiment” that Glaeser discusses would be politically viable in the United States? 6. Looking ahead, how do you think the politics of recovery from Hurricane Sandy will develop in New York?
MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 24
Suggested Further Reading: Hurricane Sandy Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Task Force, Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Strategy. This is the federal government’s plan for recovery. (Available on the course website.) Craig Fugate, Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, “One Year Later: Examining The Ongoing Recovery From Hurricane Sandy,” Testimony Before the Committee On Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Subcommittee On Emergency Management, Intergovernmental Relations and The District Of Columbia, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. (November 6, 2013). http://www.dhs.gov/news/2013/11/06/written-testimony-fema-administrator- senate-homeland-security-and-governmental City of New York, “Special Initiative for Rebuilding and Resiliency.” This is the city’s website for Hurricane Sandy information. http://www.nyc.gov/html/sirr/html/about/sandy.shtml City of New York, A Stronger, More Resilient New York (2013). This is the city’s Hurricane Sandy recovery plan. http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/sirr/SIRR_singles_Lo_res.pdf.
Hurricane Katrina “An Interview with Edward Blakely, Executive Director for Recovery Management, City of New Orleans” (Conducted in May 2009). (Available on the course website.) Robert B. Olshansky and Laurie A. Johnson, Clear as Mud: Planning for the Rebuilding of New Orleans (American Planning Association, Planners Press, 2010) (This is a first-rate, detailed account of the various planning initiatives in post-Katrina New Orleans.) Edward J. Blakely, My Storm: Managing the Recovery of New Orleans in the Wake of Katrina (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011). Personal perspectives of the “recovery czar.” Jim Schwab, et al., Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction (Planning Advisory Service, American Planning Association, 1998). Case studies of disaster recovery from flooding (Arnold, Missouri), tornado (Plainfield, Illinois), hurricane (Opal, Florida), Wildfire (Oakland, California), and earthquake (Loma Prieta in Santa Cruz and Watsonville, California), pp. 217-310. R.W. Kates, C.E. Colton, S. Laska, and S.P. Leatherman, “Reconstruction of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina: A Research Perspective,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, No. 40 (October 3, 2006), pp. 14653- 14660. http://www.pnas.org/content/103/40/14653.full.pdf The Repopulation of New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina, Technical Report, RAND Gulf State Policy Institute, RAND Corporation, 2006, [Report prepared by RAND for the BNOB Commission]. http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/2006/RAND_TR369.pdf A Strategy for Rebuilding New Orleans, Louisiana November 12-18, 2005, ULI – The Urban Land Institute, December 10, 2005, [Report prepared by ULI for the BNOB Commission]. MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 25
http://lra.louisiana.gov/assets/docs/searchable/reports/ULI_Draft_New_Orleans_ Report.pdf Action Plan for New Orleans: The New American City, Bring New Orleans Back Commission (BNOB) Urban Planning Committee (PowerPoint slide show prepared by Wallace, Roberts & Todd), January 11, 2006. http://www.nolaplans.com/plans/BNOB/Urban%20Planning%20Action%20Plan %20Final%20Report.pdf Lambert Advisory and SHEDO, City of New Orleans Neighborhoods Rebuilding Plan: Summary & Appendix [“The Lambert Plan”], City Council, City of New Orleans, October 2006. http://www.nolaplans.com/plans/Lambert%20Documents/TOC+Summary+Appe ndix(FINAL_FINAL).pdf Christina Finch and Christopher T. Emrich, “Disaster Disparities and Differential Recovery in New Orleans,” Population and Environment (2010) Vol. 31, pp. 179- 202.
THE POLITICS OF PLANNING FOR RECOVERY II (Monday, April 6)
Required Readings: Hurricane Katrina Case Study: Abigail Williamson, “The Unified New Orleans Plan (UNOP): The Impact of Citizen Participation (A and B)” (Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School) (Available on the course website.) Case Study: Tom Wooten, “Office of Recovery Development and Administration (ORDA): Breaking a Municipal Recovery Logjam in New Orleans” (Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School, 2014) (Available on the course website.) Debbie Elliot, “In Katrina’s Wake, New Orleans Enjoys Start-up Boom,” National Public Radio (December 29, 2011) http://www.npr.org/2011/12/29/144074234/in-katrina-s-wake-new-orleans- enjoys-start-up-boom
After 9/11 – World Trade Center Reconstruction in New York City Deborah Sontag, “The Hole in the City’s Heart,” NY Times (September 11, 2006). http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/11/nyregion/nyregionspecial3/11groundzero.ht ml?pagewanted=all Charles V. Bagli, “Church’s Troubles Typify Ground Zero Delays,” NY Times (July 3, 2008). http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/03/nyregion/03trade.html MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 26
David W. Dunlap, “World Trade Center Complex is Rising Rapidly,” NY Times, (September 5, 2010). http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/05/nyregion/05zero.html
Discussion Questions: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of combining expert teams and citizen participation procedures as undertaken in the UNOP planning? 2. How well do you feel the appointment of a “recovery czar” (Edward Blakely) worked in New Orleans? What advantages and disadvantages do you see in this method of organizing disaster recovery? 3. What were the key political interests that claimed a role in the decision making about reconstruction of the World Trade Center site? What gave them standing and influence in the decision making? What were the major factors that delayed reconstruction? Suggested Further Reading: International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, United Nations Development Programme, Guidance Note on Recovery: Infrastructure (no date) http://www.unisdr.org/files/16773_16773guidancenoteonrecoveryinfrastr.pdf FEMA, Disaster Assistance: A Guide to Recovery Programs, FEMA-229 (September 2005). http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=2152 Rawle O. King, “Financing Recovery from Large-Scale Natural Disasters,” Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, RL34749 (February 9, 2009). http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34749_20090209.pdf Carolyn V. Torsell, “Federal Disaster Recovery Programs: Brief Summaries,” CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, RL31734 (January 30, 2009). http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31734_20090130.pdf DisasterAssistance.gov – “Federal assistance programs for Individuals and Businesses.” http://www.disasterassistance.gov/
COMMUNITY REDEVELOPMENT: THE NEIGHBORHOOD PERSPECTIVE (Monday, April 13)
Second written assignment due before class time.
Required Readings: Tom Wooten, We Shall Not Be Moved: Rebuilding Home in the Wake of Katrina (Beacon Press, 2012), Ch.4-5, 8-9, 11-12, 15-16; pp. 43-59, 89-124, 137-164, 186-214. The Broadmoor Improvement Association (a video introduction): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwdlmSqSmvQ&feature=player_embedded MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 27
Daniel P. Aldrich, “How to Weather a Hurricane,” NY Times (August 28, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/29/opinion/community-works-best-against-a- natural-disaster.html?_r=0. This article provides a very brief summary of Aldrich’s excellent book: Building Resilience: Social Capital in Post-Disaster Recovery University of Chicago Press, 2012). Campbell Robertson, “A Lesson for Detroit in Efforts to Aid a New Orleans Devastated by Katrina,” NY Times, February 22, 2014 http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/us/a-lesson-for-detroit-in-efforts-to-aid-a- new-orleans-devastated-by-katrina.html?_r=0 Elaine Pittman, “Playbook Aims to Speed Up Disaster Recovery,” Emergency Management (September 11, 2014) http://www.emergencymgmt.com/disaster/Playbook-Aims-to-Speed-Up-Disaster- Recovery.html#.VBhir_6dnG0.email
Discussion Questions: 1. What accounts for the contrasting effectiveness of recovery efforts in New Orleans neighborhoods? 2. Are there inherent tensions between community-level recovery efforts and those conducted at the city or state levels? To what extent are any differences of viewpoint only parochial disputes? 3. How would you engage neighborhoods in city level disaster recovery work? 4. Are there elements of recovery that should not be left to neighborhood initiative?
Suggestions for Further Reading: The Broadmoor Project, “Lessons from Katrina: How a Community Can Spearhead Successful Disaster Recovery,” (Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, 2007). http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17815/lessons_from_katrina.html? breadcrumb=%252Fproject%252F54%252Fbroadmoor_project The St. Bernard Project, “The Disaster Recovery Playbook: A Guide to Residential Reocvery,” http://www.disasterrecoveryplaybook.org/ Esther Scott, “‘Broadmoor Lives’: A New Orleans Neighborhood’s Battle to Recover from Hurricane Katrina (A, B, and Sequel)” (Harvard Kennedy School Case Program Cases 1893.0, 1894.0, and 1894.1), available for purchase at https://hbr.org/product/broadmoor-lives-a-new-orleans-neighborhood-s-battle-to- recover-from-hurricane-katrina-a/KS1016-PDF-ENG and https://hbr.org/product/broadmoor-lives-a-new-orleans-neighborhood-s-battle-to- recover-from-hurricane-katrina-b/KS1049-PDF-ENG and http://www.case.hks.harvard.edu/casetitle.asp?caseNo=1894.1 Nathaniel Rich, “Jungleland: The Lower Ninth Ward in New Orleans Gives New Meaning to ‘Urban Growth,’” NY Times (March 21, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/25/magazine/the-lower-ninth-ward-new- orleans.html?pagewanted=all Daniel P. Aldrich, Building Resilience: Social Capital in Post-Disaster Recovery (University of Chicago Press, 2012). MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 28
Sanford Ikeda and Peter Gordon, “Power to the Neighborhoods: The Devolution of Authority in Post-Katrina New Orleans,” Policy Comment No. 12, Mercatus Policy Series, Mercatus Center, George Mason University (August 2007). http://www.mercatus.org/uploadedFiles/Mercatus/Publications/200708281_power _to_the_neighborhoods.pdf Emily Chamlee-Wright, “Disastrous Uncertainty: How Government Disaster Policy Undermines Community Rebound,” Mercatus Center, George Mason University (2007).http://mercatus.org/uploadedFiles/Mercatus/Publications/PDF_Disastrous_ Uncertainty_20070111.pdf Michelle Goldberg, “Saving the Neighborhood,” Salon.com, (February 24, 2006). http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2006/02/24/broadmoor/ Kevin Rozario, “Making Progress: Disaster Narratives and the Art of Optimism in Modern America,” in Vale and Campanella, eds., The Resilient City: How Mod- ern Cities Recover From Disaster (Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 27-54.
ORGANIZING RECOVERY I: THE EARLY STAGES IN THE PHILIPPINES, HAITI, AND JAPAN (Monday, April 20)
Final Assignment – due on May 12 – will be posted on the course website
Required Readings: The Philippines Keith Bradsher, Land Disputes Slow Recovery in Philippines, NY Times, December 13, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/14/world/asia/land- disputes-slow-recovery-in-philippines.html?src=xps Haiti Editorial, “Haiti at Six Months,” NY Times, July 17, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/17/opinion/17sat1.html Jose de Cordoba, “Aid Effort Spawns a Backlash in Haiti, Wall Street Journal, November 12, 2010. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304023804575566743115 456322 Deborah Sontag, “In Haiti, Capital Braces for a Cholera Outbreak,” NY Times, October 25, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/25/world/americas/25haiti.html?scp=1&sq=In %20Quake- Crippled%20Haiti,%20Capital%20Braces%20for%20a%20Cholera%20Outbreak &st=cse Deborah Sontag, “Years After Haiti Quake, Safe Housing is a Dream for Many,” NY Times (August 15, 2012). MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 29
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/16/world/americas/years-after-haiti-quake-safe- housing-is-dream-for-multitudes.html?pagewanted=all Deborah Sontag, “Rebuilding in Haiti Lags After Billions in Post-Quake Aid,” NY Times (December 23, 2012). http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/24/world/americas/in-aiding-quake-battered- haiti-lofty-hopes-and-hard-truths.html?pagewanted=all Elizabeth Ferris, “Haiti Three Years On: Overpromised and Underdelivered,” (Brookings Institution) http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up- front/posts/2013/01/10-haiti-ferris
Randal C. Archbold and Somini Sengupta, “UN Struggles to Stem Haiti Cholera Epidemic” NY Times (April 19, 2014). http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/20/world/americas/un-struggles-to-stem-haiti- cholera-epidemic.html?emc=eta1&_r=0
Japan Michael Wines, “‘Too Late’ for Some Tsunami Victims to Rebuild in Japan,” New York Times (March 19, 2011) http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/20/world/asia/20coastal.html?pagewanted=all Shinichi Saoshiro, “Japan reconstruction minister quits in fresh blow to PM” Reuters (July 5, 2011) http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/05/us-japan- politics-idUSTRE76402620110705 Peter Ford, “Japan’s Tsunami Recovery Stalls,” Christian Science Monitor (July 7, 2011) http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2011/0707/Japan-s- tsunami-recovery-stalls Norimitsu Onishi, “In Tsunami Aftermath, ‘Road to Future’ Unsettles a Village” New York Times (December 31, 2011) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/01/world/asia/in-babanakayama-japan- road-to-future-leads-nowhere.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&emc=eta1 Martin Fackler, “Hopes of Home Fade Among Japan’s Displaced,” NY Times (November 26, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/26/world/asia/hopes-of-home-fade- among-japans-displaced.html?_r=0 Hiroko Tabuchi, “In Japan, A Painfully Slow Sweep,” NY Times (January 7, 2013) http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/08/business/japans-cleanup- after-a-nuclear-accident-is-denounced.html?pagewanted=all
Discussion Questions: 1. What factors have most shaped the early and medium-term stages of recovery in the Philippines, Japan, and Haiti? 2. What are the major factors impeding recovery in the three countries discussed in this class? What factors are helping it along? 3. Who are the key actors and from what sources do they derive influence?
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Suggested Further Reading: Reconstruction Agency, Government of Japan, “Current Status and Path Toward Reconstruction” (October 2012) http://www.reconstruction.go.jp/english/topics/20121227_CurrentStatus_PathTo ward_FINAL.pdf Rajib Shaw, ed., Tohoku Recovery: Challenges, Potentials, and Future (Springer, 2015). Reconstruction Design Council of Japan, “Towards Reconstruction: ‘Hope beyond the Disaster’” (June 25, 2011) http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/jfpu/2011/7/pdfs/0712.pdf Government of Japan, “Basic Guidelines for Reconstruction in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake” (August 11, 2011) http://www.reconstruction.go.jp/topics/basic_guidelines_reconstruction.pdf
ORGANIZING RECOVERY II: CONCLUDING THE JOB – THE INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI AND CHINA’S EARTHQUAKE (Monday, April 27)
Required Readings: Case Study: David Giles, “Rebuilding Aceh: Indonesia’s BRR Spearheads Post-Tsunami Recovery” Harvard Kennedy School Case Program (2014), no. 2010.0, available for purchase at https://hbr.org/product/rebuilding-aceh-indonesia-s-brr- spearheads-post-tsunami-recovery/HKS785-PDF-ENG. Case Study: David W. Giles, “Rebuilding Aceh: Indonesia’s BRR Spearheads Post- Tsunami Recovery: Epilogue” Harvard Kennedy School Case Program, no. 2010.1, available for purchase at https://hbr.org/product/rebuilding-aceh- indonesia-s-brr-spearheads-post-tsunami-recovery-epilogue/HKS786-PDF-ENG. REVIEW from March 2 class: Daniel Curran and Herman B. “Dutch” Leonard, “Recovery in Aceh: Towards a Strategy of Emergence,” Harvard Business School Working Paper # 05-082 (May 2005). http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/05- 082.pdf Maggy Horhoruw, “Memories Live On,” (Lessons learned from the Indonesian recovery efforts by an Indonesian who worked in the national recovery agency) https://maggyhorhoruw.wordpress.com/2014/12/27/memories-live-on/ Tempo, “Aceh: 10 Years After” (December 22, 2014-January 5, 2015). (Available on course website.) William Sabandar and Lilianne Fan, “In the wake of Haiyan: Lessons from Indonesia and Haiti” http://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/43897-haiyan-lessons-from- indonesia-haiti United Nations, International Recovery Platform, Wenchuan Earthquake 2008: Recovery and Reconstruction in Sichuan Province, Chapters 3-4, pp. 7-17. http://www.unisdr.org/files/16777_16777wenchuanearthquake2008recovery.pdf MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 31
Kaibin Zhong and Xiaoli Lu, “‘One in Trouble, All to Help’: The Paired Assistance Program to Disaster-Affected Areas in China,” in Caroline Brassard, David W. Giles, and Arnold M. Howitt, eds., Natural Disaster Management in the Asia- Pacific (Springer, 2015), pp. 87-100. (Available on the course website.)
Discussion Questions: 1. What made recovery from the tsunami that struck Aceh so difficult? 2. How important was assistance from the international community in the early stages of disaster response and recovery? In addition to its contributions to relief and recovery, what problems did this assistance create? 3. What were the strategic dilemmas that BRR faced at the beginning of its work? Did it have any advantages that aided its mission? 4. What made the BRR effective? What were its shortcomings? 10 years after the tsunami, how would you assess BRR’s overall legacy? 5. What were the advantages of China’s approach to reconstruction after the Wenchuan earthquake? What disadvantages did this approach have? 6. Could China’s approach be replicated in other countries? Why or why not?
Suggestions for Further Reading: Rajib Shaw, ed., Recovery from the Indian Ocean Tsunami: A Ten-Year Journey (Springer, 2015). BRR Book Series (Indonesia’s Recovery from the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004): Finance: The Seven Keys to Effective Aid Management Infrastructure: Stimulating the Triggering Sector (Both available on course website.) Lilianne Fan, “Disaster as Opportunity? Building Back Better in Aceh, Myanmar, and Haiti,” Humanitarian Policy Group, Overseas Development Institute (November 2013) http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications- opinion-files/8693.pdf Mary C. Comerio, “Housing Recovery in Chile: A Qualitative Mid-program Review” (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, February 2013) PEER 2013/01, http://peer.berkeley.edu/publications/peer_reports/reports_2013/webPEER-2013- 01-Comerio.pdf Craig Thorburn, “Village Government in Aceh, Three Years after the Tsunami,” May 21, 2008, available at http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4808v2st Matthew Clarke, Ismet Fananny, and Sue Kenny, eds., Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Lessons from Aceh (Washington, DC: Earthscan, 2010). Sue Kenney, “Reconstruction in Aceh: Building Whose Capacity?” Community Development Journal 42 (2), pp. 206-221, April 2007. Jock McKeon, “World Bank: Tracking Reconstruction Funds in Indonesia after the 2004 Earthquake and Tsunami,” in Samia Amin and Markus Goldstein, eds., Data Against Natural Disasters: Establishing Effective Systems for Relief, Recovery, and Reconstruction (The World Bank, 2008), pp. 143-183. MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 32
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVERTY/Resources/335642- 1130251872237/9780821374528.pdf The Indonesian national recovery agency, the BRR, produced a thoughtful series of short books that describe different aspects of the recovery efforts following the tsunami. They are available at http://www.recoveryplatform.org/countries_and_disasters/disaster/15/indian_ocea n_tsunami_2004. See in particular the following books: Story, Breakthrough, and Case Study. ASEAN (the Association of Southeast Asian Nations), A Humanitarian Call: The ASEAN Response to Cyclone Nargis (July 2010) http://www.scribd.com/doc/112155973/A-Humanitarian-Call-the-ASEAN- Response-to-Cyclone-Nargis
CAN WE START RECOVERY BEFORE THE DISASTER? RESILIENCE AND THE CONCEPT OF ADVANCE RECOVERY (Monday, May 4)
Required Readings:
Advance Recovery Herman B. “Dutch” Leonard and Arnold M. Howitt, “Advance Recovery and the Development of Resilient Organizations and Societies,” in Integrative Risk Management: Advanced Disaster Recovery (Swiss Re, 2010), pp. 45-58. PDF can be downloaded at http://media.swissre.com/documents/pub_risk_dialogue_Integrative_Risk_Manag ement.pdf Doug C. Ahlers and Herman B. “Dutch” Leonard, “Building the Platform for Accelerated Recovery: The Bay Area and Landscape Scale Disaster” (Program on Crisis Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School, 2009). (Available on course website.)
The Challenges of Climate Change Adaptation Jerry M. Melillo, Terese Richmond, and Gary W. Yohe, eds., Highlights of Climate Change Impacts in the United States (U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2014), pp. 2-17. http://www.globalchange.gov/sites/globalchange/files/NCA3_Highlights_LowRes -small-FINAL_posting.pdf Eric Klinenberg, “Adaptation: How Can Cities Be Climate-Proofed?” The New Yorker, (January 7, 2013), http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/01/07/adaptation-2 Henry Petroski, “The Stormy Politics of Building,” NY Times (October 22, 2013) http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/23/opinion/international/the-stormy-politics-of- building.html?src=xps Tara Siegel Bernard, “Rebuilding After Sandy, but With Costly New Rules,” NY Times (May 10, 2013) http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/11/your-money/after-hurricane- sandy-rebuilding-under-higher-flood-insurance.html?src=xps MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 33
Andrew Higgins, “Lessons for U.S. From a Flood-Prone Land,” NY Times (November 14, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/15/world/europe/netherlands-sets-model-of- flood-prevention.html Justin Gillis and Felicity Barringer, “As Coasts Rebuild and U.S. Pays, Repeatedly, the Critics Ask Why,” NY Times (November 19, 2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/19/science/earth/as-coasts-rebuild-and-us-pays- again-critics-stop-to-ask-why.html?pagewanted=all
Discussion Questions: 1. What differentiates the idea of “advance recovery” from other forms of preparation for disaster? 2. What are some forms of advance recovery that might be implemented by vulnerable cities or regions? 3. In thinking about climate change adaptation, what are the major means intended to make cities more disaster resistant?
Suggested Further Reading: 100 Resilient Cities. http://www.100resilientcities.org/#/-_/. Explore this website for information about the 100 Resilient Cities initiative and a variety of articles. Louise K. Comfort, Arjen Boin, Chris C. Demchak, eds., Designing Resilience: Preparing for Extreme Events (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010). Simon Levine and Irina Mosel, “Supporting Resilience in Difficult Places: A Critical Look at Applying the ‘Resilience’ Concept in Countries Where Crises Are the Norm,” Humanitarian Policy Group (March 2014). http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion- files/8881.pdf Standard & Poor’s, “Ready for the Big One? How Natural Disasters Can Affect U.S. Local Governments’ Credit Quality” (October 27, 2011). http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0 CB4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.ow.ly%2Fdocs%2FReadyForTheBigO neHowNaturalDisastersCanAffectUSLocalGovernmentsCreditQuality_nJH.pdf& ei=IUn7Tq7tHIrr0gGjucG4Ag&usg=AFQjCNGYSejLubN6- OCH5tEjgOCrig003w Donald F. Kettl, System under Stress: Homeland Security and American Politics, 2nd ed. (CQ Press, 2007), especially pp. 82-100. Howard Kunreuther and Michael Useem, eds., Learning from Catastrophe: Strategies for Reaction and Response (Wharton School Publishing, 2010): Erwann Michel-Kerjan, “Hedging Against Tomorrow’s Catastrophes: Sustainable Financial Solutions to Help Protect Against Extreme Events,” pp. 139-155. Howard Kunreuther, “Long-Term Contracts for Reducing Losses from Future Catastrophes,” pp. 235-248. “Executive Summary: Managing Large-Scale Risks in a New Era of Catastrophes: Insuring, Mitigating and Financing Recovery From Natural Disasters in the United States,” Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, with MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 34
Georgia State University and the Insurance Information Institute (March 2008). http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/17/40607590.pdf
COURSE THEMES AND CONCLUDING IDEAS (Monday, May 11)
Final assignment due before class time.
No new reading assignments. Class session will review and summarize course themes.
SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS ON DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY
Disaster Response and Relief National Response Framework, Department of Homeland Security, 2nd edition (February 2013). http://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1914-25045- 1246/final_national_response_framework_20130501.pdf Information resources about the National Incident Management System (NIMS) http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/index.shtm Caroline Brassard, David W. Giles, Arnold M. Howitt, eds., Natural Disaster Management in the Asia-Pacific: Policy and Governance (Springer, 2015). Arnold M. Howitt and Herman B. Leonard, eds., Managing Crises: Response to Large- Scale Emergencies (CQ Press, 2009). Louise K. Comfort, Arjen Boin, Chris C. Demchak, eds., Designing Resilience: Preparing for Extreme Events (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010). Claire B. Rubin, ed., Emergency Management: the American Experience, 1900-2005 [Public Entity Risk Institute (PERI), 2007]. Erwan Lagadec, Unconventional Crises, Unconventional Responses: Reforming Leadership in the Age of Catastrophic Crises and “Hypercomplexity” (Center for Transatlantic Relations, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University, 2009), http://transatlantic.sais- jhu.edu/bin/c/u/Leadership_unconventional_crises_text.pdf James F. Miskel, Disaster Response and Homeland Security: What Works, What Doesn’t (Stanford University Press, 2008). William L. Waugh, Jr., and Kathleen Tierney, Emergency Management: Principles and Practices for Local Government, 2nd ed. (ICMA Press, 2008). MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 35
Facing Hazards and Disasters: Understanding Human Dimensions (National Academies Press, 2006). Havidan Rodriguez, Enrico L. Quarantelli, and Russell R. Dynes, eds, Handbook of Disaster Research (Springer, 2006). George D. Haddow and Jane A. Bullock, Introduction to Emergency Management (Butterworth Heinemann, 2003). David Alexander, Principles of Emergency Planning and Management (Oxford University Press, 2002). Ali Farazmand, ed., Handbook of Crisis and Emergency Management (Marcel Dekker, 2001). Kathleen Tierney, Michael Lindell, and Ronald W. Perry, Facing the Unexpected: Disas- ter Response and Preparedness in the United States (Joseph Henry Press, 2001). William L. Waugh, Jr., Living With Hazards, Dealing With Disasters: An Introduction to Emergency Management (M.E. Sharpe, 2000). Dennis S. Mileti, ed., Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States (John Henry Press, 1999). Piers Blaikie, Terry Cannon, Ian Davis, and Ben Wisner, At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability, and Disasters (Routledge, 1994). Thomas A. Birkland, Lessons of Disaster: Policy Change After Catastrophic Events (Georgetown University Press, 2006). Disaster Recovery “Emergency Support Function #14 – Long-Term Community Recovery Annex,” Department of Homeland Security, January 2008. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-esf-14.pdf Long-Term Community Recovery Planning Process: A Self-Help Guide, FEMA, December 2005. http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=2151 United Nations, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. See list of publications at http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications?o=asc&by=2&p=4 Note, in particular, a series of pamphlets called “Guidance Notes on Recovery” that cover a range of recovery topics. Gavin Smith, Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery: A Review of the United States Disaster Assistance Framework (Washington, DC: Public Entity Risk Institute, 2011). Brenda D. Phillips and David M. Neal, “Recovery,” in William L. Waugh, Jr., and Kathleen Tierney, eds., Emergency Management: Principles and Practices for Local Government, 2nd ed. (Washington, DC: ICMA Press, 2007), pp. 207-233. Eugenie L. Birch and Susan M. Wachter, Rebuilding Urban Places After Disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006). Lawrence Vale and Thomas Campanella, eds., The Resilient City: How Modern Cities Recover From Disaster, (Oxford University Press, 2005). Brenda D. Phillips, Disaster Recovery (CRC Press, 2009). MGMT E-5095: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY – Spring 2015 Page 36
James Schwab, et al., Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction (American Planning Association, 1998). Daniel Alesch, Lucy Arendt, and James Holly. Managing for Long-Term Community Recovery in the Aftermath of Disaster (Public Entity Risk Institute (PERI), 2008). Jeanine Petterson, “A Review of the Literature and Programs on Local Recovery from Disaster” Working Paper #102, Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado, Boulder (December 1999) http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/publications/wp/wp102/wp102.html Emily Chamlee-Wright and Virgil Henry Storr, The Political Economy of Hurricane Katrina and Community Rebound (Edward Elgar, 2010). Daniel Alesch, Lucy Arendt, and James Holly, Managing for Long-Term Community Recovery in the Aftermath of Disaster [Public Entity Risk Institute (PERI), 2008]. Samia Amin and Markus Goldstein, eds., Data Against Natural Disasters: Establishing Effective Systems for Relief, Recovery, and Reconstruction (The World Bank, 2008). (Full text available online at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVERTY/Resources/335642- 1130251872237/9780821374528.pdf