DOCSLIB.ORG

Proceedings of the United States National Museum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proceedings of the United States National Museum : A GENERIC REVISION OF THE FOSSORIAL WASPS OF THE TRIBES STIZINI AND BEMBICINI, WITH NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES By John Bernard Parker Professor of Biology, CathoUc University of America INTRODUCTION The wasps comprising the subfamily, Bembicinae, as that sub- family is herein understood, have always been regarded by authori- ties on the Hymenoptera as forming two well-defined groups, the tribes Stizini and Bemhieini of the present paper, but the taxonomic position assigned to the two groups within the family or super- family (Sphecidae or Sphecoidea) by the various authorities has not been uniform. Some, as for example, Ashmead, who, in his scheme of classification, attached great importance to the number of tibial spurs on the second leg, separated these two groups widely; but others, as Cresson, Fox, Kohl, and Rohwer, have considered them closely related and as forming subdivisions of a larger group, al- though these authorities differ from one another as to the rank these subdi;visions should be given. In accepting the subfamily referred to above I am following the classification adopted by J. H. Com- stock in his work, An Introduction to Entomology, published in 1924. The genus Sphecius, which was long included in the tribe, Stizini, does not belong there, as Rohwer has pointed out.^ Consequently that genus is not considered in this revision. In a preceding paper,^ in which I undertook the revision of the BeTTibicini for North America north of Mexico, it was shown that within that region this tribe is represented by the following genera Bemhix Fabricius, Microhemhex Patton, Bicyrtes Latreille {=Be7n- hidxda Burmeister), Steniolia Say, Stictia Illiger, and Stictiella Parker. Wasps included in the last two genera, Stictia and Stictiella, had up to the time of the publication of that paper been included in the genus Monedula as that genus was understood by Handlirsch, • Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 50, 1921, p. 403. » Idem, vol. 52, 1917, pp. 1-155. No. 2776.—Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. 75, Art. 5 22764—29 1 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 75 Kohl, and others. In that paper I pointed out, as Fox had done be- fore me, that the generic name Manedula as applied to wasps must be dropped because of its preoccupation in another field, and that its place in Hymenoptera should be filled by the generic term Stictia Illiger. Vespa slgnata Linnaeus was at that time designated as the type of the genus Stictia. I am fully aware of the difficulties that result from the breaking up of an old and long-established genus, such as the genus Monedula^ genera. But when an old genus, as is into a number of new true in i this case, embraces groups of species that possess characters rendering | them just as distinct from one another as these groups are individ- ually distinct from other long-recognized genera in the tribe, there is nothing left to do but to give these gi'oups generic rank if our treatment of the tribe is to be at all consistent. That the genus Monedula,, as undersood by Handlirsch and others, was made up of such groups was pointed out in my previous paper. One of these groups is embraced in the genus Stictia Illiger, typified by Vespa signata Linnaeus, and to a second group the name Stictiella was given with Monedula foronosa Cresson designated as the type. For a third group Burmeister's subgeneric term Hemidula was proposed with Monedula sinffularis Taschenberg as the type of this genus. Among tlie remaining described species not included in the three genera named above, I distinguish four additional groups represented by the following species: Monedula vvZpina Handlirsch, Monedula chilensis Eschscholz. Monedula gravida Handlirsch, and Monedula viagnifica Perty, each of which species is made the type of a new genus. To this list of new genera I have added another based upon a new species described in this paper under the name Selman angv^tus. Inasmuch as I have not seen a specimen of Monedula singulnris i Taschenberg and find myself unable to determine from the available \ descriptions of this species just what generic characters it exhibits, it is possible that one of the new genera proposed herein may prove to be a synonym of Hemidula Burmeister. But from data furnished me by Dr. H. Bischoff, who at my request kindly examined a female of this species in the museum at Berlin, I learn that the mandibles are edentate, a character possessed in this tribe only by members of the genus Mic7'obembex, to which genus Monedula singularis certainly does not belong. The uncertainty attached to the taxonomic position of this species will doubtless remain until representatives of both sexes of the species shall have been obtained. In making this generic revisi(m of the Bemticlni I have studied with some care the various characters that have been regarded as of generic value in this tribe. Of these I have found the make-up of the maxillary and labial palpi of less value than that generally ART. 5 GENERIC REVISION OF THE FGSSORIAL WASPS—PARKER 3 assigned to this feature. My examination of these structures in the several genera was not extensive enough to warrant the drawing of broad conclusions, but it was carried far enough to show that in tlie genus Bembh', in which the typical numbers are four segments for (he maxillary and two for the labial palpus, the variation in the number of segments in the palpi of some species is such as to lessen the value of these structures for generic purposes. Variation in vepect to the number of segments in the palpi was also found in sc»me species of Steniolla and Microhemhex, but the number of individuals examined in each genus was too small to warrant any other state- ment than that variation does occur. In those genera in which the typical number of segments for the maxillar^^ palpus is six and for the labial four, I did not find variation in the limited number of individuals examined. Since these numbers, however, are regarded as indicating primitive conditions, this lack of variation is readily explained. It was this search for variation in the mouth parts that led to the discovery that the number of segments in the palpi of Monedula chUensis Eschscholz is five for the maxillary and three for the labial instead of six and four as had heretofore been supposed. Since in this tribe (Bembieini) the ocelli are much distorted or are reduced to cicatrices. I have found the anterior ocellus providing one of the most reliable characters on which to separate tlie tribe into genera. Although I have found within a genus some A-ariation with regard to the extent to which the reduction or distortion of the anterior ocellus has been carried, I have found no variation in the form which that reduction shows or to w'hich the reduction is tending. Another character in which I have found little or no variation within a genus is the pattern of the spatha of the male genitalia. With the exception of Thernpon and Tiichostictia, in which genera the spatha It almost identical in form, each of the other genera has its own peculiar form of the spatha. I have refrained from using this character in my keys for distinguishing the genera since there is no corresponding character in the female, but for all that, it is a char- acter that must be taken into consideration. In addition to the char- acters cited above, I have made use of the pubescence of the eyes, the form of the dorsal border of the clypeus, and of certain differences m the venation of the wings. In the accompanying table I have attempted to show my concep- tion of the relationship existing among the several genera included in this revision. I have not, however, included in the table the genus He7nidida, for the simple reason that I have had no opportu- nity to study a single specimen of Monedula singularis Taschenberg. 'J'he difficulty met in an attempt to show exact relationships among genera by a linear arrangement becomes apparent at once. If. as is generally conceded, the presence of unimpaired ocelli labial palpi PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM VOL. 75 of four segments and maxillary palpi of six segments, and three spines on the eighth sternite of the male indicate primitive condi- tions in this group, then the first three genera included in the table certainly belong together and are more closely related to one another than to any other of the genera considered. The other genera have become specialized along one or more of the three lines indicated above, and by selecting one of these three lines of specialization on which to base the main divisions we get a different grouping of the genera from that which would have been obtained had we selected either of the other two. It is my opinion that by making the variation in the form and extent of the reduction of the anterior ocellus the main point of departure the relationship existing among the several genera can best be brought out when a simple linear arrangement is employed. I have used such an arrangement in the table submitted. • GENERIC REVISION OF THE FOSSORIAL WASPS PARKER H » 3 -3 32 9 S3 ft— >.4'OT3 03 »« d d 13 O O SaaM !2 c3 '-3 d as S3 •?« •? d-ci dtS <1 03 C3 > o d.2 O CO 3ja . o o , a d S d o o » ® g CS 9« d Aa^ d So <1 ag S-2 «^-9 s^l 155 ; ffl ©a di n u5 -•2^.5 '§:§ = ft C 60 2»-a II gl <1 2 ^o 73 -O «9- bo ^ — o o .Q ,2 c ^ d ® o ^& o d2 o .2 " =3 -o 0! -2 •S|as2"~^ , -oSat;3 3 c ij S NATIONAX.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anza-Borrego Desert State Park Bibliography Compiled and Edited by Jim Dice
    Steele/Burnand Anza-Borrego Desert Research Center University of California, Irvine UCI – NATURE and UC Natural Reserve System California State Parks – Colorado Desert District Anza-Borrego Desert State Park & Anza-Borrego Foundation Anza-Borrego Desert State Park Bibliography Compiled and Edited by Jim Dice (revised 1/31/2019) A gaggle of geneticists in Borrego Palm Canyon – 1975. (L-R, Dr. Theodosius Dobzhansky, Dr. Steve Bryant, Dr. Richard Lewontin, Dr. Steve Jones, Dr. TimEDITOR’S Prout. Photo NOTE by Dr. John Moore, courtesy of Steve Jones) Editor’s Note The publications cited in this volume specifically mention and/or discuss Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, locations and/or features known to occur within the present-day boundaries of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, biological, geological, paleontological or anthropological specimens collected from localities within the present-day boundaries of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, or events that have occurred within those same boundaries. This compendium is not now, nor will it ever be complete (barring, of course, the end of the Earth or the Park). Many, many people have helped to corral the references contained herein (see below). Any errors of omission and comission are the fault of the editor – who would be grateful to have such errors and omissions pointed out! [[email protected]] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As mentioned above, many many people have contributed to building this database of knowledge about Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. A quantum leap was taken somewhere in 2016-17 when Kevin Browne introduced me to Google Scholar – and we were off to the races. Elaine Tulving deserves a special mention for her assistance in dealing with formatting issues, keeping printers working, filing hard copies, ignoring occasional foul language – occasionally falling prey to it herself, and occasionally livening things up with an exclamation of “oh come on now, you just made that word up!” Bob Theriault assisted in many ways and now has a lifetime job, if he wants it, entering these references into Zotero.
    [Show full text]
  • Simplification, Innateness, and the Absorption of Meaning from Context: How Novelty Arises from Gradual Network Evolution
    Evol Biol DOI 10.1007/s11692-017-9407-x SYNTHESIS PAPER Simplification, Innateness, and the Absorption of Meaning from Context: How Novelty Arises from Gradual Network Evolution Adi Livnat1 Received: 25 May 2016 / Accepted: 6 January 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract How does new genetic information arise? Tra- leads to complexity; and that evolution and learning are ditional thinking holds that mutation happens by accident conceptually linked. and then spreads in the population by either natural selec- tion or random genetic drift. There have been at least two Keywords Evolvability · Novelty · Cooption · fundamental conceptual problems with imagining an alter- Parsimony · Gene fusion · Instinct native. First, it seemed that the only alternative is a muta- tion that responds “smartly” to the immediate environment; [C]hange is taking place on many scales at the same but in complex multicellulars, it is hard to imagine how time, and ... it is the interaction among phenomena this could be implemented. Second, if there were mecha- on different scales that must occupy our attention. nisms of mutation that “knew” what genetic changes would —Simon A. Levin (1992). be favored in a given environment, this would have only begged the question of how they acquired that particular knowledge to begin with. This paper offers an alternative 1 Introduction that avoids these problems. It holds that mutational mecha- nisms act on information that is in the genome, based on There have been two main ways of thinking about the considerations of simplicity, parsimony, elegance, etc. nature of mutation and how it allows for adaptive evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in the Insect Fauna of a Deteriorating Riverine Sand Dune
    ., CHANGES IN THE INSECT FAUNA OF A DETERIORATING RIVERINE SAND DUNE COMMUNITY DURING 50 YEARS OF HUMAN EXPLOITATION J. A. Powell Department of Entomological Sciences University of California, Berkeley May , 1983 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORY OF EXPLOITATION 4 HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 7 INSECT FAUNA 10 Methods 10 ErRs s~lected for compar"ltive "lnBlysis 13 Bio1o~ica1 isl!lnd si~e 14 Inventory of sp~cies 14 Endemism 18 Extinctions 19 Species restricted to one of the two refu~e parcels 25 Possible recently colonized species 27 INSECT ASSOCIATES OF ERYSIMUM AND OENOTHERA 29 Poll i n!ltor<'l 29 Predqt,.n·s 32 SUMMARY 35 RECOm1ENDATIONS FOR RECOVERY ~4NAGEMENT 37 ACKNOWT.. EDGMENTS 42 LITERATURE CITED 44 APPENDICES 1. T'lbles 1-8 49 2. St::ttns of 15 Antioch Insects Listed in Notice of 75 Review by the U.S. Fish "l.nd Wildlife Service INTRODUCTION The sand dune formation east of Antioch, Contra Costa County, California, comprised the largest riverine dune system in California. Biogeographically, this formation was unique because it supported a northern extension of plants and animals of desert, rather than coastal, affinities. Geologists believe that the dunes were relicts of the most recent glaciation of the Sierra Nevada, probably originating 10,000 to 25,000 years ago, with the sand derived from the supratidal floodplain of the combined Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The ice age climate in the area is thought to have been cold but arid. Presumably summertime winds sweeping through the Carquinez Strait across the glacial-age floodplains would have picked up the fine-grained sand and redeposited it to the east and southeast, thus creating the dune fields of eastern Contra Costa County.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioural and Biological Notes on Crabronidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and New Geographic Records to the Espírito Santo State (Southeast Brazil)
    BOL. MUS. BIOL. MELLO LEITÃO (N. SÉR.) 33:19-24. JANEIRO DE 2014 19 Behavioural and biological notes on Crabronidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and new geographic records to the Espírito Santo State (Southeast Brazil) Sandor Christiano Buys1* ABSTRACT: The following species of crabronid wasps are added to the list of Hymenoptera of Espírito Santo State: Stictia maccus (Handlirsch, 1895), Hoplisoides vespoides (F. Smith, 1873), Trachypus fulvipennis (Tachenberg, 1875), Trachypus romandi (Saussure, 1854). Notes on nesting behaviour of H. vespoides, S. maccus and T. fulvipennis in the Biological Station of Santa Lúcia (city of Santa Teresa) are presented. Hoplisoides vespoides used as prey Umbonia spinosa (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) and T. fuvipennis used as prey three species of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae): Plebeia remota (Holmberg, 1903), Partamona aff. cupira (Smith, 1863), Schwarziana quadripunctata (Lepeletier, 1836). Key-words: Trachypus, Stictia, Hoplisoides, Meliponinae bee, solitary wasps, Atlantic Forest. RESUMO: Notas biológicas e comportamentais sobre Crabronidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) e novos registros geográficos para o Estado do Espírito Santo (Sudeste do Brasil). As seguintes espécies de vespas crabronídeas são adicionadas à lista de Hymenoptera do Estado do Espírito Santo: Stictia maccus (Handlirsch, 1895), Hoplisoides vespoides (F. Smith, 1873), Trachypus fulvipennis (Tachenberg, 1875), Trachypus romandi (Saussure, 1854). Notas sobre comportamento de nidificação de Hoplisoides vespoides, S. maccus e T. fulvipennis na Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia (Santa Teresa) são apresentadas. Hoplisoides vespoides usou como presa Umbonia spinosa (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) e T. fuvipennis usou como presa três espécies de abelhas meliponíneas (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae): Plebeia remota (Holmberg, 1903), Partamona aff. cupira (Smith, 1863), Schwarziana quadripunctata (Lepeletier, 1836).
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Spheciform Wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia
    Checklist of the Spheciform Wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia Chris Ratzlaff Spencer Entomological Collection, Beaty Biodiversity Museum, UBC, Vancouver, BC This checklist is a modified version of: Ratzlaff, C.R. 2015. Checklist of the spheciform wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 112:19-46 (available at http://journal.entsocbc.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/894/951). Photographs for almost all species are online in the Spencer Entomological Collection gallery (http://www.biodiversity.ubc.ca/entomology/). There are nine subfamilies of spheciform wasps in recorded from British Columbia, represented by 64 genera and 280 species. The majority of these are Crabronidae, with 241 species in 55 genera and five subfamilies. Sphecidae is represented by four subfamilies, with 39 species in nine genera. The following descriptions are general summaries for each of the subfamilies and include nesting habits and provisioning information. The Subfamilies of Crabronidae Astatinae !Three genera and 16 species of astatine wasps are found in British Columbia. All species of Astata, Diploplectron, and Dryudella are groundnesting and provision their nests with heteropterans (Bohart and Menke 1976). Males of Astata and Dryudella possess holoptic eyes and are often seen perching on sticks or rocks. Bembicinae Nineteen genera and 47 species of bembicine wasps are found in British Columbia. All species are groundnesting and most prefer habitats with sand or sandy soil, hence the common name of “sand wasps”. Four genera, Bembix, Microbembex, Steniolia and Stictiella, have been recorded nesting in aggregations (Bohart and Horning, Jr. 1971; Bohart and Gillaspy 1985).
    [Show full text]
  • Arquivos De Zoologia MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
    Arquivos de Zoologia MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO ISSN 0066-7870 ARQ. ZOOL. S. PAULO 37(1):1-139 12.11.2002 A SYNONYMIC CATALOG OF THE NEOTROPICAL CRABRONIDAE AND SPHECIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA) SÉRVIO TÚLIO P. A MARANTE Abstract A synonymyc catalogue for the species of Neotropical Crabronidae and Sphecidae is presented, including all synonyms, geographical distribution and pertinent references. The catalogue includes 152 genera and 1834 species (1640 spp. in Crabronidae, 194 spp. in Sphecidae), plus 190 species recorded from Nearctic Mexico (168 spp. in Crabronidae, 22 spp. in Sphecidae). The former Sphecidae (sensu Menke, 1997 and auct.) is divided in two families: Crabronidae (Astatinae, Bembicinae, Crabroninae, Pemphredoninae and Philanthinae) and Sphecidae (Ampulicinae and Sphecinae). The following subspecies are elevated to species: Podium aureosericeum Kohl, 1902; Podium bugabense Cameron, 1888. New names are proposed for the following junior homonyms: Cerceris modica new name for Cerceris modesta Smith, 1873, non Smith, 1856; Liris formosus new name for Liris bellus Rohwer, 1911, non Lepeletier, 1845; Liris inca new name for Liris peruanus Brèthes, 1926 non Brèthes, 1924; and Trypoxylon guassu new name for Trypoxylon majus Richards, 1934 non Trypoxylon figulus var. majus Kohl, 1883. KEYWORDS: Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Crabronidae, Catalog, Taxonomy, Systematics, Nomenclature, New Name, Distribution. INTRODUCTION years ago and it is badly outdated now. Bohart and Menke (1976) cleared and updated most of the This catalog arose from the necessity to taxonomy of the spheciform wasps, complemented assess the present taxonomical knowledge of the by a series of errata sheets started by Menke and Neotropical spheciform wasps1, the Crabronidae Bohart (1979) and continued by Menke in the and Sphecidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Fauna Europaea: Hymenoptera – Apocrita (Excl
    Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4186 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4186 Data Paper Fauna Europaea: Hymenoptera – Apocrita (excl. Ichneumonoidea) Mircea-Dan Mitroiu‡§, John Noyes , Aleksandar Cetkovic|, Guido Nonveiller†,¶, Alexander Radchenko#, Andrew Polaszek§, Fredrick Ronquist¤, Mattias Forshage«, Guido Pagliano», Josef Gusenleitner˄, Mario Boni Bartalucci˅, Massimo Olmi ¦, Lucian Fusuˀ, Michael Madl ˁ, Norman F Johnson₵, Petr Janstaℓ, Raymond Wahis₰, Villu Soon ₱, Paolo Rosa₳, Till Osten †,₴, Yvan Barbier₣, Yde de Jong ₮,₦ ‡ Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Biology, Iasi, Romania § Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom | University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia ¶ Nusiceva 2a, Belgrade (Zemun), Serbia # Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kiev, Ukraine ¤ Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala, Sweden « Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden » Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturi, Torino, Italy ˄ Private, Linz, Austria ˅ Museo de “La Specola”, Firenze, Italy ¦ Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy ˀ Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Biology, Iasi, Romania ˁ Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria ₵ Museum of Biological Diversity, Columbus, OH, United States of America ℓ Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ₰ Gembloux Agro bio tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium ₱ University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Tartu, Estonia ₳ Via Belvedere 8d, Bernareggio, Italy ₴ Private, Murr, Germany ₣ Université
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Some Common Natural Enemies of Insect/Mite Pests in Colorado Natural Controls
    An Introduction to Some Common Natural Enemies of Insect/Mite Pests in Colorado Natural Controls Natural Enemies Abiotic (Weather) Controls Topographic Limitations N Natural Enemies • Predators • Parasitoids • Pathogens Recognize so you can work with (and avoid working against) existing natural controls Life Styles of the Swift and Vicious Characteristics of Insect Predators • Immature stages actively hunt prey • Several prey are consumed in the course of development • Adults may or may not have similar food needs as immature form Some Common Arthropod Predators • Lady beetles • Assassin bugs • Ground beetles • Predatory stink • Lacewings bugs • Flower flies • Minute pirate bugs • Robber flies • Predatory thrips • Mantids • Predatory mites • All spiders a.k.a. “ladybug”, “ladybird” Most lady beetle adults are brightly colored Pinkspotted lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata A species that feeds mostly on eggs and larvae of beetles LeConte’s giant lady beetle Anatis lecontei A species that feeds on aphids and mealybugs on trees Upper left: Coccidophilus, a scale predator Lower left: Olla sp., a grey colored lady beetle of forests Below: Chilochorus sp., a predator of various scales The “bad apple” of the lady beetle clan Eggs Adult Life cycle of the Mexican bean beetle Larva Pupa Adults Eggs Lady Beetle Life Stages Pupae Lady beetles lay masses of eggs near sources of food for their young Lady beetles with egg masses Lady beetle larvae at egg hatch Lady beetle larvae Predators of small soft- bodied arthropods (aphids etc…) Some odd looking
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Early Bee Diversification Based on Five Genes Plus Morphology
    The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology Bryan N. Danforth†, Sedonia Sipes‡, Jennifer Fang§, and Sea´ n G. Brady¶ Department of Entomology, 3119 Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Communicated by Charles D. Michener, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, May 16, 2006 (received for review February 2, 2006) Bees, the largest (>16,000 species) and most important radiation of tongued (LT) bee families Megachilidae and Apidae and the pollinating insects, originated in early to mid-Cretaceous, roughly short-tongued (ST) bee families Colletidae, Stenotritidae, Andreni- in synchrony with the angiosperms (flowering plants). Under- dae, Halictidae, and Melittidae sensu lato (s.l.)ʈ (9). Colletidae is standing the diversification of the bees and the coevolutionary widely considered the most basal family of bees (i.e., the sister group history of bees and angiosperms requires a well supported phy- to the rest of the bees), because all females and most males possess logeny of bees (as well as angiosperms). We reconstructed a robust a glossa (tongue) with a bifid (forked) apex, much like the glossa of phylogeny of bees at the family and subfamily levels using a data an apoid wasp (18–22). set of five genes (4,299 nucleotide sites) plus morphology (109 However, several authors have questioned this interpretation (9, characters). The molecular data set included protein coding (elon- 23–27) and have hypothesized that the earliest branches of bee gation factor-1␣, RNA polymerase II, and LW rhodopsin), as well as phylogeny may have been either Melittidae s.l., LT bees, or a ribosomal (28S and 18S) nuclear gene data.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Lakes Entomologist the Grea T Lakes E N Omo L O G Is T Published by the Michigan Entomological Society Vol
    The Great Lakes Entomologist THE GREA Published by the Michigan Entomological Society Vol. 45, Nos. 3 & 4 Fall/Winter 2012 Volume 45 Nos. 3 & 4 ISSN 0090-0222 T LAKES Table of Contents THE Scholar, Teacher, and Mentor: A Tribute to Dr. J. E. McPherson ..............................................i E N GREAT LAKES Dr. J. E. McPherson, Educator and Researcher Extraordinaire: Biographical Sketch and T List of Publications OMO Thomas J. Henry ..................................................................................................111 J.E. McPherson – A Career of Exemplary Service and Contributions to the Entomological ENTOMOLOGIST Society of America L O George G. Kennedy .............................................................................................124 G Mcphersonarcys, a New Genus for Pentatoma aequalis Say (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) IS Donald B. Thomas ................................................................................................127 T The Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Missouri Robert W. Sites, Kristin B. Simpson, and Diane L. Wood ............................................134 Tymbal Morphology and Co-occurrence of Spartina Sap-feeding Insects (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) Stephen W. Wilson ...............................................................................................164 Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Scutelleridae) Associated with the Dioecious Shrub Florida Rosemary, Ceratiola ericoides (Ericaceae) A. G. Wheeler, Jr. .................................................................................................183
    [Show full text]
  • A Cladistic Analysis and Classification of the Subfamily Bembicinae (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), with a Key to the Genera
    Zootaxa 3652 (2): 201–231 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3652.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2A51BCDC-77D6-4D3F-8F4D-830EEC5B3EEB A cladistic analysis and classification of the subfamily Bembicinae (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), with a key to the genera PAVEL G. NEMKOV & ARKADY S. LELEJ1 Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 1Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A cladistic analysis of the digger wasp subfamily Bembicinae based on morphological characters is presented. The under- lying data matrix comprises 83 terminal taxa (coded on genus-level) and 64 morphological characters. The resulting strict consensus tree was used as the basis for a revised tribal and subtribal classification of the Bembicinae. Based on a previ- ously published classification, we herewith propose a change: the tribe Heliocausini Handlirsch 1925, stat. resurr. (com- posed of Acanthocausus Fritz & Toro 1977, Heliocausus Kohl 1892, and Tiguipa Fritz & Toro 1976) is separated from Bembicini Latreille 1802. Four tribes are recognized within the subfamily Bembicinae and seven subtribes within the tribe Gorytini and two subtribes in the tribe Nyssonini, based on the present cladistic analysis.The subtribe Nurseina Nemkov & Lelej, subtrib. nov. (comprising of Nippononysson Yasumatsu & Maidl 1936 and Nursea Cameron 1902) is separated from other genera in the tribe Nyssonini Latreille 1804. An new identification key to the genera of the Bembicinae is pro- vided.
    [Show full text]
  • 16 Endemic Insect Species from the Algodones Sand Dunes, Imperial County, California As Federally Endangered Or Threatened Under the Federal Endangered Species Act
    July 19, 2004 Ms. Gale Norton Secretary of the Interior Department of the Interior 1849 C Street, N.W. Washington, D. D. 20240 Fax: (202) 208-6956 Mr. Jim Bartel Field Supervisor Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office 6010 Hidden Valley Road Carlsbad, CA 92009 Fax: (760) 431-9624 Dear Ms. Norton and Mr. Bartel, Enclosed please find a petition to list 16 insect species endemic to the Algodones Dunes, Imperial County, California as threatened or endangered pursuant to the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq. The petition is submitted by the Center for Biological Diversity, Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, and the Sierra Club. Petitioners will be sending supporting documentation in a follow-up mailing. Thank you for your consideration of this petition. Sincerely, Monica L. Bond Center for Biological Diversity Karen Schambach Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility George Barnes Sierra Club Petition to List 16 Endemic Insect Species from the Algodones Sand Dunes, Imperial County, California as Federally Endangered or Threatened under the Federal Endangered Species Act Photo by Andrew Harvey The Center for Biological Diversity hereby formally petitions to list: two sand wasps (Microbembex elegans Griswold and Stictiella villegasi Bohart); two bees (Perdita algodones Timberlake and P. glamis Timberlake); one vespid (Euparagia n. sp.); two velvet ants (Dasymutilla nocturna Mickel and Dasymutilla imperialis Manley and Pitts); three jewel beetles (Algodones sand jewel beetle, Lepismadora algodones Velten, Algodones white wax jewel beetle, Prasinalia imperialis (Barr), and Algodones Croton jewel beetle, Agrilus harenus Nelson); two scarab beetles (Hardy’s dune beetle, Anomala hardyorum Potts and Cyclocephala wandae); and four subspecies of Roth’s dune weevil (Trigonoscuta rothi rothi, T.
    [Show full text]