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Understanding FATA: Attitudes Towards Governance, Religion & Society in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas Volume IV

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Understanding FATA: Attitudes Towards Governance, Religion & Society in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas Volume IV Understanding FATA: Attitudes Towards Governance, Religion & Society in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas Volume IV Naveed Ahmad Shinwari Copyright © CAMP 2010 Community Appraisal & Motivation Programme (CAMP) Understanding FATA: Attitudes Towards Governance, Religion & Society in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas Volume IV All rights reserved Citation, reproduction or translation of this publication, in whole or part, for educational or other non- commercial purposes is authorised but with written permission, provided the source is fully acknowledged. ISBN: 978-969-9534-00-3 Copies and more information available from: CAMP Head Office House 25, Street 63, F-10/3 Islamabad, Pakistan. Tel: +92-51-229 7647-48 Fax: +92-51-229 8032 Email: [email protected] & [email protected] Download from www.understandingfata.org - www.camp.org.pk Disclaimer: "This publication was made possible with support provided by the British High Commission. The opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the British High Commission." Understanding FATA: Attitudes Towards Governance, Religion & Society in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas Volume IV Naveed Ahmad Shinwari Dedicated to the people of FATA Content LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................I LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................II LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................IV MAP OF PAKISTAN AND FATA...............................................................................................................V PREFACE ..............................................................................................................................................VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................IX CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO FATA: PAST AND PRESENT ................................................................1 CHAPTER 2 CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF FATA...................................................................................11 CHAPTER 3 ASSESSMENT OF GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES ....................................19 CHAPTER 4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC LIFE AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS IN FATA ..........................................25 CHAPTER 5 FATA IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT .....................................................37 CHAPTER 6 ATTITUDE TOWARDS RELIGION AND MILITANCY .............................................................63 CHAPTER 7 IMPACT OF AFGHAN REFUGEES ......................................................................................77 CHAPTER 8 SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND MEDIA USED...............................................................83 CHAPTER 9 WORLD AFFAIRS: THE OPINION ON PAKISTAN’S RELATIONS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES...91 CHAPTER 10 WAY FORWARD...............................................................................................................107 END NOTES..........................................................................................................................................115 BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................................................................120 Content APPENDIXES: I. TRIBAL STRUCTURE AND WAY OF LIFE OF THE PAKHTUN .........................................................125 II. FATA AGENCIES AND FRONTIER REGIONS ..................................................................................128 III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND SAMPLE PLAN........................................................................130 IV. LIST OF VILLAGES SURVEYED......................................................................................................138 V. LIST OF KEY SPEAKERS OF THE TWO-DAY STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATIVE DIALOGUE AND PARTICIPANTS.............................................................................................................................144 VI. QUESTIONNAIRE 2010 POLL......................................................................................................146 VII. TARGET DEMOGRAPHICS ...........................................................................................................172 List of Tables Page S.# Description of tables No 01 Future status of FAT A 14 02 Admiring a living national politician 16 03 Closest interaction in FATA 23 04 Most important services needed in FATA 29 05 Essential services for children (male, female) 29 06 Living outside of FATA (by age group ) 34 07 Living outside of FATA (cross tabulation by Agency/FR) 34 08 Pakistan’s and FATA’s biggest problem 45 09 Improvement in security situation in FATA (cross tabulation by Agency/FR) 48 10 Forced migration from FATA (cross tabulation by Agency/FR) 56 11 Military offensive in Swat/Malakand 57 12 Military offensive in South Waziristan 57 13 Military offensive in South Waziristan Agency (cross tabulation by Agency/FR) 58 14 Military offensive in South Waziristan Agency (cross t abulation by response) 59 15 US drone attacks in FATA (cross tabulation by Agency/FR) 60 16 Describing the Afghan Taliban 69 17 Opinion about other neighbouring countries 97 18 Opinion about major Islamic countries, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia 98 19 Opinion about Western countries – Canada , France, Germany, UK and US 99 20 Opinion on US favourability over time 99 21 Opinion on UK favourability over time 99 22 The UK helps to make the world more prosperous 100 23 Region and gender wise FGDs’ plan 130 24 Area accessibility analysi s 132 25 Sample pl an 133 26 Back-checking analysi s 135 27 Contact analysis shee t 136 28 Back-checking by telephone 137 29 Education of the head of the family 173 30 Occupation of the respondents 175 I List of Figures S.# Descript ion of figur es Page no 01 Future status of FATA 13 02 Support for the Government of Pakistan on FCR reform 14 03 Future of Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR) 15 04 Extending the Political Parties Act of 2002 to FATA 15 05 Participati on in d ecision making process 17 06 Performance of FATA Secretariat (FS) 22 07 Performance of FATA development Authority (FDA) 22 08 Most trusted in ins titution/leader in FATA 23 09 Opportunities over time-male s 30 10 Opportunities over time-female s 30 11 Development priorities in FATA through international assistance 31 12 Human Rights issues in FATA 32 13 Preference for living in FATA 33 14 Living outside FATA if given a chance 34 15 Most preferred city/country to emigrate to if given a chance 35 16 Direction of the countr y-optimism and pessimism 45 17 What are the most important services that the GoP should provide to your district ? 46 18 Security in gene ral 47 19 Improvement in security situation 47 20 Threats to individual’s security in FATA 49 21 High rates of suicide bombing in Pakistan 50 22 Causes of high rates of suicide bombing in Pakistan 51 23 Source of suicide bombers 52 24 Reasons for conflicts in FATA 52 25 How much of a threat if any does Islamic extremism pose to Pakistan these days? 53 26 Opinion about security providers 53 27 Security providers in FATA 54 28 Frontier Corps and security in FATA 55 29 Training FC with international assistance 55 30 Forced migration from FATA 56 31 Military offensive in Swat/Malakand 57 32 Military offensive in South Waziristan Agency, FATA 58 33 US drone attacks in FATA 59 34 Nuclear possession and national security 61 35 Islamic extremism as a threat to Pakistan 68 36 Describing the Pakistani Taliban 69 37 Likelihood of an Afghan Taliban return to power in Afghanistan 70 38 Describing Al Qae da 70 39 Views about Al Qaed a 71 II 40 Foreign Jihadi fighters living in FATA 71 41 Role of religion in the live s and beliefs 72 42 Honour kil ling 73 List of Figures S.# Descrip tion of figur es Page no 43 Justification of suicide bombing in Islam 73 44 Religious authority trusted the most 74 45 Religious authority outside of Pakistan trusted the most 74 46 The impact of Afghan refugees on Pakistan’s economy 79 47 The impact of Afghan refugees on Pakistan’s security 80 48 Afghan refuge es creating tension with Pakistani population 80 49 Repatriation of Afghan refugees to Afghanistan 81 50 Sources of informatio n 85 51 Most valued sources of information 86 52 News readers hip 87 53 TV view ers 88 54 Radio listeners hip 88 55 Emigration from Pakista n 93 56 Reason for emigrati on 94 57 Choice of destinatio n 95 58 Which country should Pakistan a spire to be more like? 95 59 Whether or not Pakistan should accept military aid from UK and USA 96 60 Whether or not Pakistan should accep t development aid from UK and USA 96 61 Opinion ab out neighbouring countries 97 62 UK’s role in making the world more peaceful and stable 100 63 The UK helps to safeguard the global environment 101 64 The UK promotes respect for democratic values 101 65 The UK promotes respect for human rights 101 66 The UK’s relationship with Pakistan 102 67 Opinion about the UK 102 68 US role in Afghanist an 103 69 UK role in Afghanist an 103 70 US role in I raq 104 71 UK role in I raq 104 72 UK attitude towards the Islamic world 104 73 US attitude towards the Islamic world 104 74 UK immigration policie s 105 75 US immigration polici es 105 76 Gender of the
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