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Rising Sinophobia in Kyrgyzstan: the Role of Political Corruption
RISING SINOPHOBIA IN KYRGYZSTAN: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY DOĞUKAN BAŞ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EURASIAN STUDIES SEPTEMBER 2020 Approval of the thesis: RISING SINOPHOBIA IN KYRGYZSTAN: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION submitted by DOĞUKAN BAŞ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Eurasian Studies, the Graduate School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Yaşar KONDAKÇI Dean Graduate School of Social Sciences Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işık KUŞÇU BONNENFANT Head of Department Eurasian Studies Prof. Dr. Pınar KÖKSAL Supervisor Political Science and Public Administration Examining Committee Members: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işık KUŞÇU BONNENFANT (Head of the Examining Committee) Middle East Technical University International Relations Prof. Dr. Pınar KÖKSAL (Supervisor) Middle East Technical University Political Science and Public Administration Assist. Prof. Dr. Yuliya BILETSKA Karabük University International Relations I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Doğukan Baş Signature : iii ABSTRACT RISING SINOPHOBIA IN KYRGYZSTAN: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION BAŞ, Doğukan M.Sc., Eurasian Studies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Pınar KÖKSAL September 2020, 131 pages In recent years, one of the major problems that Kyrgyzstan witnesses is rising Sinophobia among the local people due to problems related with increasing Chinese economic presence in the country. -
IFES Faqs Elections in Kyrgyzstan: 2021 Early Presidential Election
Elections in Kyrgyzstan 2021 Early Presidential Election Frequently Asked Questions Europe and Eurasia International Foundation for Electoral Systems 2011 Crystal Drive | Floor 10 | Arlington, VA 22202 | USA | www.IFES.org January 8, 2021 Frequently Asked Questions When is Election Day? ................................................................................................................................... 1 What is the current political context, and what is at stake in these elections? ........................................... 1 What is the current form of government? ................................................................................................... 2 What is the term of the office of the president, and what is the president’s role? ..................................... 2 Who are the candidates? .............................................................................................................................. 2 Who is eligible to run as a candidate? .......................................................................................................... 3 What are the nomination and registration procedures for presidential candidates? ................................. 3 What is the campaign and electoral timeline? ............................................................................................. 4 Who is eligible to vote, and how many voters are registered to vote? ........................................................ 4 What are the campaign expenditure and donation limits? ......................................................................... -
The Tension Between the Current and Former Presidents Has Become a Clear Political and Media Conflict the Kyrgyz Elite Chose the Current President (Translated)
Media Office of Hizb ut Tahrir Kyrgyzstan REF: 1440 / 01 Monday, 10th Rabii’ II 1440 AH 17/12/2018 CE Press Release The Tension between the Current and Former Presidents has become a Clear Political and Media Conflict The Kyrgyz Elite Chose the Current President (Translated) In last year's presidential election, former Kyrgyz President Almazbek Atambayev nominated Sooronbay Jeenbekov on behalf of the Social Democratic Party. Jeenbekov was a close friend of Atambayev when he worked for almost a year as prime minister until he became president. However, after he became president, he began to pursue his own policies and prevent the suicide, as he described the informal co-ordination policy of the former president. As a result, tension rose between the current president and the former president. The former leadership of the former president was left to choose one of these two politicians and the division took place. In April, Atambayev announced his return to the political arena and was elected head of the Social Democratic Party, and the party was split into two parts and has not yet united. President Jeenbekov has used his presidential powers to dismiss many of Atambayev's officials and arrest some of them. So far, he has exposed a number of major corruption offences that occurred during the period of Prime Minister Sapar Isakov, and then arrested Isakov himself. Later in Moscow, Ikramjan Ilmiyanov, who was promoted from his job as president Atambayev’s driver in his time to a leading post in the Atambayev presidency, was arrested and then taken to Kyrgyzstan. -
Proposed Anglo-French Issue 1940
SPECIAL STAMP HISTORY Proposed Anglo-French Issue 1940 On 3 September 1939 France and Great Britain declared war upon Nazi Germany. In the following months an unprecedented degree of co-operation arose between the two countries on military, political and economic matters, which caused many hopeful observers to envisage an even closer union, extending beyond the war and drawing in other countries. The earliest recorded example of this enthusiasm seeking philatelic expression is that of M. Fernand Griffon, of Étables in Brittany who on 30 November 1939 wrote to both King George VI and President Albert Lebrun of France, suggesting a stamp for simultaneous release in both countries, either in separate languages and denominations, or, size permitting, combining both. The design would include a figure representing Peace and the legend ‘Notre But’ (Our Aim). He referred to bi-lingual stamps displaying the denomination in both local currencies issued in the Anglo-French Condominium of the New Hebrides from 1925 to 1938. M. Griffon's letter to President Lebrun was forwarded to the French Postal Administration, the PTT, who replied with a polite acknowledgement. His letter to King George VI was passed to the Foreign Office, who made no subsequent reply and, in fact, seem to have promptly mislaid it. Later, when the proposal had been taken up officially and was moving toward 1 fruition amidst wide public interest, M. Griffon wrote to various bodies, including the French Press, the PTT, the BBC and Buckingham Palace, in a vain attempt to win recognition as its originator. The initiative in fact came from M. -
Bulletin of the Rossica Society of Russian Philately
BULLETIN OF THE ROSSICA SOCIETY OF RUSSIAN PHILATELY * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Number 26 WINTER 1997 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The ~lissing Link? Among postal stationery collectors, the 1875 rated card No. 4 with the added text 'higher Imperial postal card listed as No. 3 in most than card No. 3, contrary to later catalogs. catalogs is so elusive that many question its very existence. The story goes as follows: A note in The Zeitschrift filr Russland Philatelie, 68, ( 1997) by new Rossica member In I 872 two cards were issued, a 3 kop. Dr. Ortwin Greis of Hamburg announced his brown on white card for local use, and a 5 acquisition of a used No. 3, postmarked Riga kop. green on white for intercity or foreign March 5, 1878 to Hamburg, with a March 19, usage. On the latter there were two sentences 1878 Hamburg receival marking on the front numbered 1 and 2 at the bottom. The first and a Poesseldorf marking on the back with sentence took two lines in which the second the same date.. A reduced illustration is line consisted of two. words "M t c T a shown here. l1 M rr ~. p i a 11 meaning "places of the empire." At the 1874 Congress of the Universal Postal Union in Bern, a uniform postal rate for distant and abroad usages was agreed. Russia replaced its 5 kop. postal card with a green 4 kop. postal card (No. 3) with the same two sentence text in three lines at the bottom. Although designated for use abroad, this card lacked the text "H 3 a r p a H H u y " meaning "and abroad. -
The Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Border: a Legacy of Soviet Imperialism
Undergraduate Journal of Global Citizenship Volume 4 Issue 1 Article 4 6-1-2021 The Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Border: A Legacy of Soviet Imperialism Liam Abbate Santa Clara University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/jogc Recommended Citation Abbate, Liam (2021) "The Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Border: A Legacy of Soviet Imperialism," Undergraduate Journal of Global Citizenship: Vol. 4 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/jogc/vol4/iss1/4 This item has been accepted for inclusion in DigitalCommons@Fairfield by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Fairfield. It is brought to you by DigitalCommons@Fairfield with permission from the rights- holder(s) and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abbate: The Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Border: A Legacy of Soviet Imperialism dispute, particularly in relation to the U.S.- The Kyrgyzstan- China rivalry. Uzbekistan Border: Background A Legacy of Soviet Kyrgyzstan is among the poorest of the nations of Central Asia: its per capita is a Imperialism mere tenth of its larger neighbor LIAM ABBATE Kazakhstan.1 Formerly a constituent republic of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence as Abstract Kyrgyzstan on August 31, 1991. -
Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) Gap Analysis of Kyrgyzstan
Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) Gap Analysis of Kyrgyzstan Prepared by Aziz Soltobaev In the framework of the UNECE project Strengthening innovation policies for SPECA countries in support of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development August 2020 2 Contents PART A. Overview of some main aspects of national STI governance .................................................... 4 National STI priorities.......................................................................................................................... 4 Key science, technology and innovation policy documents ............................................................... 7 STI governance structures................................................................................................................. 10 STI policy formulation ........................................................................................................................... 12 STI policy instruments, policy implementation and coordination .................................................... 13 The impact of Covid-19 on STI .............................................................................................................. 14 Part B. Key challenges and problems in fostering innovative development ........................................ 17 3 List of Acronyms 3D Three Dimensional CAD Computer-Aided Design EEU Eurasian Economic Union GDP Gross Domestic Product HTP High-Tech Park ICT Information and Communication Technology IP Intellectual Property IT Information Technology -
Managed Leadership Succession in Kazakhstan: a Model for Gradual
MARCH 2020 279 MANAGED LEADERSHIP SUCCESSION IN KAZAKHSTAN A MODEL FOR GRADUAL DEPARTURE? Kristiina Silvan MARCH 2020 279 MANAGED LEADERSHIP SUCCESSION IN KAZAKHSTAN A MODEL FOR GRADUAL DEPARTURE? • In March 2019, Kazakhstan’s authoritarian leader, Nursultan Nazarbayev, stepped down after three decades of rule and yielded power to his nominated successor, Kassym-Zhomart Tokayev. However, Nazarbayev has paradoxically remained the most powerful political actor in Kazakhstan. • Kazakhstan’s model of gradual leadership succession could serve as an example to authoritarian states around the world, but it is particularly significant in the post-Soviet context. • Institutional and constitutional changes that took place in the 1990s were aimed at concentrating power in the presidency. • Modifications initiated by Nazarbayev in the 2000s and 2010s sought to weaken the Kazakh presi- dency while strengthening power vested in himself personally, in order to ensure the continuation of a political status quo and his family’s well-being after the transfer of power. • Despite the careful preparation and Tokayev’s relatively smooth ascension to power, it is still too early to evaluate the success of the transfer due to the vast powers retained by Nazarbayev. The transition of power in Kazakhstan remains an ongoing process and, as such, unpredictable. KRISTIINA SILVAN Research Fellow EU's Eastern Neighbourhood and Russia research programme Finnish Institute of International Affairs ISBN 978-951-769-631-9 ISSN 1795-8059 Language editing: Lynn Nikkanen Cover photo: Wikimedia Commons/Ken and Nyett. CC BY 2.0. The Finnish Institute of International Affairs is an independent research institute that produces high-level research to support political decisionmaking and public debate both nationally and internationally. -
Joint Issue with NOVÁTICA Artificial Intelligence
The European Online Magazine for the IT Professional http://www.upgrade-cepis.org Vol. III, No. 5, October 2002 UPGRADE is the European Online Magazine for the Information Technology Professionals, published bimonthly at Artificial Intelligence: Technology with a Future <http://www.upgrade-cepis.org/>. Guest Editors: Federico Barber, Vicente J. Botti, and Jana Koehler Publisher UPGRADE is published on behalf of CEPIS (Council of Joint issue with NOVÁTICA European Professional Informatics Societies, <http://www.cepis.org/>) by NOVÁTICA <http://www.ati.es/novatica/>, journal of the Spanish CEPIS 2 AI: Past, Present and Future society ATI (Asociación de Técnicos de Informática <http://www.ati.es/>). – Federico Barber, Vicente J. Botti, and Jana Koehler UPGRADE is also published in Spanish (full issue printed, some The guest editors present the issue and include a list of useful references for those interested in articles online) by NOVÁTICA, and in Italian (abstracts and some knowing more about Artificial Intelligence. articles online) by the Italian CEPIS society ALSI <http://www.alsi.it> and the Italian IT portal Tecnoteca 6 Spoken Communication with Computers – Francisco Casacuberta-Nolla <http://www.tecnoteca.it/>. This article deals with the development of systems which enable spoken interaction with computers, UPGRADE was created in October 2000 by CEPIS and was first of widespread use in speech recognition systems, translation systems, etc. published by NOVÁTICA and INFORMATIK/INFORMATIQUE, bimonthly journal of SVI/FSI (Swiss Federation of Professional 10 Progress in AI Planning Research and Applications – Derek Long and Maria Fox Informatics Societies, <http://www.svifsi.ch/>). In this paper the autors sketch the foundations of planning as a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence Chief Editors and the history of its development over the past three decades, and discuss some of the recent François Louis Nicolet, Zürich <[email protected]> achievements within the field. -
Forum (Virtual) 11Th June, 2021 PAPU/CEOF/I/2021 – Doc
Original : English 1st PAPU CEO Forum (Virtual) 11th June, 2021 PAPU/CEOF/I/2021 – Doc. No.6 REPORT OF THE 1ST PAPU CEO FORUM (39th Administrative Council Agenda item No.9c)) 1. Subject References/Paragraphs Observations Report of the 1st PAPU CEO Forum Agenda of the 1st PAPU CEO Forum PAPU/CEOF/I/2021 – Doc. No.1 2. Decisions Expected Take note of the report; 39th Administrative Council Agenda No. Provide input, if any; PAPU/AC/XXXIX/2021 - Doc No.1 Rev1 Adopt the report. 1. Introduction/background The 1st PAPU Postal CEO Forum was held virtually on 11th June, 2021 from 09:00 GMT. The Forum was chaired by Egypt and Botswana was the Vice Chairman after being appointed by the Forum. The General Secretariat performed the role of the rapporteur. 2. Participation The following Members participated during the Forum: 2.1 PAPU Member States : Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. 2.2 Other Organizations : Universal Postal Union (UPU), African Union Commission (AUC) and Southern Africa Postal Operators Association (SAPOA. A detailed list of participants is herewith attached as Annex 1. 3. Opening remarks The Opening remarks were made by the following dignitaries: 1 3.1 The Pan African Postal Union (PAPU) Secretary General, Mr. Younouss Djibrine; 3.2 Director General of the Universal Postal Union (UPU), Mr. Bishar Hussein; 3.3 The African Union Representative (AUC), Mr. Christian Minoungou; 3.4 The Chairman of Egypt Post, Dr. -
India-Central Asia: Emerging Dialogues and Deals
December 2014 8 August 2019 India-Central Asia: Emerging Dialogues and Deals Dr Auriol Weigold FDI Senior Visiting Fellow Key Points India is entering a new “great game ” in Central Asia. Its INSTC, however, lags behind China’s BRI in Central Asia The India-Central Asia Dialogue is, in that light, a start to implementing Modi’s “extended neighbourhood” policy. An India-Central Asia Development Group was proposed and supported by India’s Lines of Credit and Buyers Credit schemes. India’s emerging dialogues with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan could prove useful in achieving its policy objectives. Summary A key question must be: has India left it’s new “great game” bid across Central Asia too late? Russia maintains a significant military presence in the region, and China has substantial trading links within it. China has growing politico-economic ties and a defence presence that together may defeat India’s late bid to draw Central Asian countries into its “extended neighbourhood”, pushing west the boundaries of its encirclement of India. China’s BRI moves forward while infrastructure along the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) connecting India, Iran and the Central Asian land-locked countries, to Russia, got off to a slow start in 2000. It was reinvigorated in 2016 following India’s agreement with Iran and Afghanistan to upgrade Iran’s Chabahar Port allowing a maritime connection with Afghanistan, by-passing Pakistan. The project slowed following US President Trump’s sanctions imposed on Iran’s energy trading partners, including India. The Port project has remained waiver-free, but enthusiasm for it and INSTC has slowed again. -
The Events in Kyrgyzstan
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم Answer to Question The Events in Kyrgyzstan (Translated) Question: [“Earlier on Friday, the Kyrgyz Parliament approved the resignation of President Sooronbay Jeenbekov, and cancelled the state of emergency, which was declared a week ago in the capital, Bishkek...” (www.yenisafak.com/ar/,16/10/2020)]. The Kyrgyz capital has witnessed violent protests; protesters took control of government headquarters, demanding the dismissal of President Sooronbay Jeenbekov, who is loyal to Russia, and this has been achieved for them... So, what is the reality behind the events in Kyrgyzstan? Is the Russian influence on its way out of this Islamic country? Is there any role for America in this conflict? Jazak Allah Khair. Answer: To get a clear answer and to understand the reality of events in Kyrgyzstan, the following must be clarified: First: the general situation in Kyrgyzstan: 1- Kyrgyzia or Kyrgyzstan, is one of the Islamic countries in Central Asia, its borders are connected to China today from the East Turkestan side, in addition to other Islamic Central Asian countries: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Kyrgyzstan has been subjected to the Russian Tsarist occupation since 1876 CE. There were many revolutions against the Russian occupation there. However, Russia managed to abort them. Kyrgyzstan became a republic within the Soviet Union, meaning that it was ruled directly from Moscow from 1876 until 1991 when the Soviet Union dismantled and Kyrgyzstan declared its independence. But the political class in it was immersed in their loyalty to Russia, so Russia, after its independence, had a great influence over Kyrgyzstan... 2- Kyrgyzstan was ruled since its independence by the leaders of the Communist Party after they changed their masks and established parties with multiple names.