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Development of Safety Control Structure of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit, Using System – Theoretic Approach

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Development of Safety Control Structure of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit, Using System – Theoretic Approach ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING UNDER RAILWAY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STREAM DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CONTROL STRUCTURE OF ADDIS ABABA LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT, USING SYSTEM – THEORETIC APPROACH A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science In Railway Mechanical Engineering By: Gemta Kedjela ID NO. GSR/3806/05 Advisor: DR.Gulelat Gatew March, 2015 Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Institute of Technology School Of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Under Railway Mechanical Engineering Stream DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CONTROL STRUCTURE OF ADDIS ABABA LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT, USING SYSTEM –THEORETIC APPROACH By: Gemta Kedjela Approved by: Board of Examiners Chairman of Department Signature Date Graduate Committee (DGC) Dr. Gulelat Gatew. Advisor Signature Date Internal examiner Signature Date External examiner Signature Date Associate Dean, Research and graduate program Signature Date DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this thesis entitled, “DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CONTROL STRUCTURE OF ADDIS ABABA LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT, USING SYSTEM –THEORETIC APPROACH ” is original work of my own, has not been presented for a degree of any other university and all the resource of materials uses for this thesis have been duly acknowledged. Gemta Kedjela Date This is to certify that the above declaration made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. Dr.Gulelat Gatew Date Development of Safety Control Structure of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit, using System –Theoretic Approach ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to thank my almighty God, for what he has done to me, during those hard times. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis advisor, Doctor Gulelat Gatew, who has supported this thesis work and has kept me inspired with his novel, insightful, and immense views on safety and engineering systems. Without his excellent guidance, creative suggestion and critical comments and persistent help, I would not fulfill my academic goal at the AAIT of AAU. During my study, special cooperation and continual support has given by Ato Zalalem Asemu Design Team Leader at Ethiopian Railway Corporation Company, Ato Birhane Haileyesus Mechanical Engineer at ERC, Mr. Guo Yi Human Resource Manager at Shenzhen Metro Group Ltd Company and ato Neway Genene civil Engineer at AA LRT. Thus, I need to express my deep appreciation to all of them and many thanks for their positive and prompt cooperation. I would like to thank all who responded to my interviews, which helped me in a great deal in my study. Finally, I thank my father Kedjela Weyessa, my mother Tsehaynesh Mekonen , my brothers Sirika Kedjela, Amanuel Kedjela, Iyasu Kedjela and Israel Kedjela for their unreserved encouragement, continual support and love during my study. i Development of Safety Control Structure of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit, using System –Theoretic Approach ABSTRACT Light Rail Transit is drawing attention as an environmentally-friendly transportation mode, and is expected to be a solution for sociotechnical transportation issues in many societies. Currently, its market has been rapidly expanding all over the world. In the Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Railway Corporation (ERC) released a strategic vision to develop new LRTs in 2008, specifically focusing on two corridors, Ayat Adababay to Torhailoch and from Piazza (Areda Georgis) to Kaliti. With such rapid growth, safety is a growing concern in LRT projects; in fact, there have been two accidents over the past three years. In developing a new LRT system, it is crucial to conduct risk analysis based on lessons learned from these past accidents. Furthermore, for risk analysis of complex sociotechnical systems such as LRT systems, a holistic system-safety approach focusing not only on physical domains but also on institutional levels is essential. With these perspectives, this research proposes a new system-based safety Control methodology for complex sociotechnical systems. This methodology is based on the system safety approach, called STAMP (System- Theoretic Accident Model and Processes). As a case study, the proposed LRT project in the AA is analyzed by this methodology. This methodology includes steps of conducting STAMP-based accident analysis, developing a safety control model of the LRT system in the AA based on lessons learned from the analyzed accidents, with a specific focus on the institutional structure. Thus, this thesis research concludes with specific recommendations about safety management in the project in the LRT, making a point that the proposed methodology can be valuable for the actual project processes as a ―safety-guided institutional design‖ tool. ii Development of Safety Control Structure of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit, using System –Theoretic Approach Table of Contents Contents Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................................... ……...i ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ ii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABREVETIONS ............................................................................... vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Background of the Study ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Problem Statement ................................................................................................................ 2 1.3. Objectives of this Thesis ....................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1. General Objective of the Thesis .................................................................................... 3 1.3.2. Specific Objectives of this Thesis ................................................................................. 3 1.4. Significances of the Thesis ................................................................................................... 3 1.5. Scope of the Thesis ............................................................................................................... 4 1.6. Structure and Contents of Thesis........................................................................................... 4 1.7. Summary Introductions ......................................................................................................... 6 1.7.1. Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit ..................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................... .7 2.1. STAMP-based Analysis ........................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1. Terminology .................................................................................................................. 7 2.1.2. Reviews of Traditional Risk Analysis Tools and Accident Models .............................. 9 2.1.3. Application of Risk Analysis in Rail Sectors .............................................................. 12 2.1.4. Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP) ....................................... 14 2.1.5. System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) ............................................................... 19 2.1.6. Causal Analysis based on STAMP (CAST) ................................................................ 23 2.2. Proposed Methodology ....................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER THREE: ACCIDENT ANALYSIS ................................................................................ 26 3.1. Case 1 – Hatfield Derailment .............................................................................................. 26 3.1.1. Summary of the Accident ............................................................................................ 26 iii Development of Safety Control Structure of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit, using System –Theoretic Approach 3.1.2. Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 27 3.1.3. Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 39 3.2. Case 2 – Wenzhou Train Collision ..................................................................................... 39 3.2.1. Summary of the Accident ............................................................................................ 39 3.2.2. Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.3. Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 49 3.3. Key Lessons Learned from the Two CAST Analyses .......................................................
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