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Chapter – I Introduction ……………………………………… 1 - 56 A Study of the Effects of Age, Gender, Ecology on Parenting, Behavioural Problems and Cognition among Mizo Adolescents Mr. H.Lalthlangliana Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY MIZORAM UNIVERSITY AIZAWL : 796012 2010 DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY MIZORAM UNIVERSITY AIZAWL: 796012 Dated 2nd July, 2010 Certificate This is to certify that the present piece of Thesis titled, “A Study of the Effects of Age, Gender, Ecology on Parenting, Behavioural Problems and Cognition among Mizo Adolescents ” is the bonafide research conducted by Mr. H. Lalthlangliana under my supervision. He worked methodologically for his dissertation being submitted for the Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology under the Mizoram University. ( DR. ZOKAITLUANGI ) Supervisor DECLARATION I, H. Lalthlangliana, hereby declare that the subject matter of this Thesis is the record of work done by me, that the contents of this Thesis did not form basis for the award of any previous degree to me or to the best of my knowledge to anybody else, and that the Thesis has not been submitted by me for any research degree in any other University or Institute. This is being submitted to Mizoram University for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology. (H. LALTHLANGLIANA) (DR. ZOKAITLUANGI) Supervisor ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My deep heartfelt gratitude and indebtedness to my supervisor Dr.Zokaitluangi, Associate Professor, Mizoram University for her purposive guidance and immitigable encouragements, and the example she set forth. My sincere thanks are due to Dr.Lalfamkima Varte, Associate Professor,and Head of the Psychology department, Mizoram University, who has shown zeal and enthusiastic help for my research, my nephew Joseph Vanlalhruaia, and others friends for their valuable help to mosaic the thesis. I am also indepted to Principal, Teachers and Students of Republic Higher Secondary School and Hrangchhuana High School, Ramhlun, Aizawl, Saitual High School,Saitual and Serchhip Higher Secondary School, Serchhip for arranging sufficient samples available for my research and also my collegues at Printing & Stationery Deptt, Civil Sub Divisional Office, Vairengte and Dist Civil Supply Office, Aizawl for their kind helps in this investigations. My humble regards are due to my family members and friends who were standing with me and encouraging me during the days of stress throughout my research and this research work is dedicated to my beloved father, Lalbiaksanga who always sacrifice his all for my study from my childhood and shown the best parenting care to me but could not wait this final publication leaving for his eternal home on 31st December, 2009. Last but not the least I thank Almighty God who has showered uncountable blessings on me to shoulder t Aizawl : 2nd July, 2010 H.LALTHLANGLIANA Table of Contents Page No. List of Tables ……………………………………… i - iii List of Figure ……………………………………… iv - v List of Appendices ……………………………………… vi Chapter – I Introduction ……………………………………… 1 - 56 Chapter – II Statement of the Problem ……………………………………… 57 - 72 Chapter – III Methods and Procedure ……………………………………… 73 - 89 Chapter – IV Results and Discussion ……………………………………… 90 - 159 Chapter – V Summary and Conclusions ………………………………..……. 160 - 200 References ……………………………………… 201 - 241 Appendices ……………………………………… (1) - (27) List of Tables (i) Table – 1: Showing the representation of the different levels of academic achievement of the subject for the whole samples. Table – 2: Showing the representation of different birth order of the subject for the whole samples Table – 3: Showing the representation of different levels of age of the subject for the whole samples. Table – 4: Showing the representation of different family size of the subject for the whole samples. Table – 5: Showing the representation of different number of sibling of the subjects for the whole samples. Table – 6: Showing the representation of different nature of family of the subject for the whole samples. Table – 7: Showing the representation of father’s occupation of the subject for the whole samples. Table – 8: Showing the representation of mother’s occupation of the subject for the whole samples. Table – 9: Showing the representation of different educational qualification of the subjects for the whole samples. Table –10: Item-total coefficient of correlation, reliability coefficients and relationships between PI sub-scales (Pi, Pag and BC) over the level of analysis for males, for females and for the whole sample (males + females). Table - 11: Mean, Standard Deviation, Item-total coefficients of correlation, Cronbach alpha reliability, Spearman-Brown reliability, range of inter item total coefficient correlation of PI for the male, female and for the whole samples (Male +Female). Table – 12: Showing the Mean and SD values of the Pi subscale of the PI for ’Ecology’, ‘Gender’ and ‘Age’ group of the whole samples. Table - 13: Item total Coefficient correlation (Pearson Correlation) over the level of analyses for the whole samples on the sub-scales of Parenting Inventory. (ii) Table -14: Item-total coefficient of correlation, reliability coefficients and relationships between Factor- A of YPI sub-scale over the level of analysis for males, for females and for the whole sample (males + females). Table -15: Item-total coefficient of correlation, reliability coefficients and relationships between Factor - B of YPI sub-scale over the level of analysis for males, for females and for the whole sample (males + females). Table–16: Item-total coefficient of correlation, reliability coefficients and relationships between Factor -C of YPI sub-scale over the level of analysis for males, for females and for the whole sample (males + females). Table–17: Item-total coefficient of correlation, reliability coefficients and relationships between Factor- D of YPI sub-scale over the level of analysis for males, for females and for the whole sample (males + females). Table -18: Mean, Standard Deviation, Item-total coefficients of correlation, Cronbach alpha reliability, Spearman-Brown reliability, range of inter item total coefficient correlation of YPI for the male, female and for the whole samples (Male +Female). Table - 19: Item total Coefficient correlation (Pearson Correlation) over the level of analyses for the whole sample on the sub-scales of the Youth Problem Inventory. Table - 20: Mean, Standard Deviation, Item-total coefficients of correlation and reliability coefficient of RSPM for the male, female and whole (male + female) samples. Table - 21: Item total Coefficient correlation (Pearson Correlation) over the level of analyses for the whole sample on the sub-scales of the RSPM. Table - 22: Results of ANOVA for independent and interaction effect of independent variables on the behavioural measures of PI. Table - 23: The Fisher’s LSD for significant independent effect of Ecology-Age Group for the 2 x 2 x 2 (2 Gender x2 Ecology x 2 Age Group) Factorial design on PAG subscale of PI. Table - 24: The significant independent effect of ‘Gender x Ecology x Age Group’ for the 2 x 2 x 2 (2 Gender x 2 Ecology x Age Group) Factorial design on Behavioral Control (iii) Table - 25: Showing the Mean and SD values of the subscale of YPI for ‘Ecology’, ‘Gender’ and ‘Age’ group of the whole samples. Table - 26: Results of ANOVA for prediction of independent and interaction effect of the independent variables on subscale of YPI. Table - 27: The Fisher’s LSD means comparison of Male Urban, Female rural, Female urban and Male rural on Problem A: Family Problem of the sub-scale of YPI. Table - 28: The Fisher’s LSD Means comparison of Urban upper age, Rural upper age, Rural lower age, and Urban lower age group on Problem A: Family Problem of the sub-scale of YPI . Table - 29: Fisher’s LSD for the significant effect of ‘Ecology and Gender’ on Problem- C: School/College Problems in YPI Scale Table - 30: Fisher’s LSD Means comparision of the Urban upper age, Rural lower age, Rural Upper age and Urban lower age groups for the significant effect of ‘Gender’ on Problem-D: Personal Problem and Over sensitivity of the sub-scale of the Youth Problem Inventory Scale. Table - 31: Showing the Mean and SD values of the RSPM for .Ecology’, ‘Gender’ and ‘Age’ group of the whole samples. Table - 32: Results of ANOVA prediction of independent and interaction effect of the on the behavioural measures of RSPM. Table - 33: Fisher’s LSD means comparison for the significant effect of ‘Gender x Age Group’ on Total of Factor ABCDE of the sub-scale of RSPM. Table - 34: R-Square, R-Square change and Durbin Watson Statistics in the prediction of the sub-scale scores of Youth Problem Inventory from the Parenting Inventory measures. Table - 35: R-Square, R-Square change and Durbin Watson Statistics in the prediction of the sub-scale scores of RSPM from the Parenting Inventory measures. Table - 36: Standardized Beta and Collinearity Statistics in the prediction of the Sub-scale scores of Youth Problem Inventory from the Parenting Inventory measures. Table - 37: Standardized Beta and Collinearity Statistics in the prediction of the Sub-scale scores of RSPM from the Parenting Inventory measures. List of Figures (iv) Figure - 1: The proposed 2 x 2 x 2(2 ecology x 2 gender x 2 age group) factorial designs to be employed in the present study Figure – 2: Showing the representation of different levels of academic achievement of the subject under study. Figure - 3: Showing the representation of different birth order of the subject for the whole samples. Figure - 4: Showing the representation of different levels of age of the subject for the whole samples. Figure - 5: Showing the representation of different family size of the subject for the whole samples. Figure - 6: Showing the representation of different number of sibling of the subjects for the whole samples. Figure - 7: Mean plots for the significant of interaction effect of Gender on Parental involvement (Pi) of the sub-scale of PI scale. Figure - 8: Mean plots for the significant of interaction effect of ‘Gender’ on Behavioural Control of the sub-scale of the PI.
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