DOCSLIB.ORG

To Download the PDF File

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI Adapting to a World of Change: Inuit Perspectives of Environmental Changes in Igloolik, Nunavut By Kelly Sandra Elizabeth Karpala, B.A. Honours (Trent) A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Sociology and Anthropology Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario May 2010 ©2010 Kelly Karpala Library and Archives Bibliothgque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'6dition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-68683-6 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-68683-6 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. Canada i Abstract Climate change is becoming one of the most important foci of scientific research. The Arctic is particularly sensitive to changes in climate, and Inuit are in a good position to experience such changes as they interact with their environment on a daily basis while traveling, hunting and camping on the land and sea ice. The perceptions of what those changes mean, however, differ from the views predominantly held by scientists, especially when they relate to local observations. Inuit in Igloolik, where this research has been focused, do not see local environmental change as a new event. Inuit and their ancestors have inhabited the Arctic for thousands of years, adapting to and enduring many periods of climatic variability and change. Inuit knowledge of the environment constitutes a unique aspect of their culture and has been crucial to their own adaptive capacity. This thesis shows that Inuit in Igloo lik see the environmental changes experienced today as part of a cycle. They also believe that they will adapt to those changes, and that animals are equally capable of adapting. This thesis also analyzes how Inuit in Igloo lik relate these experiences to larger debates of global climate change. It contrasts the local narratives of change with those produced by scientific reports, the media, and Inuit organizations. In this sense, this thesis helps develop abetter understanding of the process of knowledge construction in situations where the local and the global intersect. Finally, this thesis aims to show that although research studies increasingly acknowledge the value and utility of local indigenous knowledge, cultural and linguistic barriers continue to persist to permit fruitful collaboration. ii Ackno wle dg me nts This thesis could not have become what it is today without the involvement of individuals who helped me along the way. I first want to thank my supervisors Dr. Claudio Aporta and Dr. Gita Laidler who gave me the opportunity to pursue this project. It was with their guidance, support and determination throughout this process that I managed to exceed even my own expectations and produce this thesis. I also want to thank my committee members Dr. Paul Thibaudeau and Dr. Derek Smith, who contributed with their own expertise and insights to improve this thesis. Of course my thesis could not have been possible without the help and contributions from the hamlet of Igloo lik. I want to thank the community for welcoming me and hosting me while I stumbled through my first fieldwork experience. In particular, I want to thank Theo Ikummaq who was my interpreter, guide and teacher, and made my trip an intellectually and culturally enriching experience. I want to thank the community members who participated in interviews and focus groups: Abraham Ulayuruluk, Jayson Kunnuk, Moshi Kotierk, Michelline Ammaq, Julia Amarualik, Lydia Qaumaq, Herve Paniaq, Leah Otak, Nathan Qamaniq, Jaipiti Palluq, and John Arnatsiaq. I also want to thank Elizabeth Peacock and her husband Steve; Steve and Hillary Van Slyke for housing me during my stay; John and Carolyn MacDonald for their kindness and hospitality; and Terri-Lynn Chiblow, William Qamukaq and Julie Ross. Lastly, I want to show my gratitude to my family, friends and colleagues who motivated and encouraged me to keep going, and assisted me along the way. In particular I want to thank my mom and dad, my brothers Jeff and Brian, my class cohort Alana Conway, Caryl Patrick, Jenny McKenzie, Leanne Davis and Terrah Jong; graduate students Jen Slawich, Christine Homuth, Gerald Morton, Sheryl McLaughlin, and Murray Leeder; and my friends back home. iii Table of contents Abstract I Acknowledgments II Table of contents IH List of acronyms V List of tables and figures VI Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 OVERVIEW 1 1.2 CASE STUDY CONTEXT 4 1.3 OBJECTIVES AND RATIONALE 8 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH 12 1.5 OUTLINE AND CONTENT 13 Chapter 2: Methodology and theory 15 2.1 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 16 2.1.1 Current debates on indigenous knowledge 16 2.1.2 Understanding and talking about change 20 2.2 RESEARCH METHODS 27 2.2.1 Literature review 27 2.1.2 Participant observation 28 2.1.3 Field notes 29 2.1.4 Interviews 30 2.1.5 Archival research 33 2.2 ANALYSIS 34 2.2.1 Transcribing and coding 34 2.2.2 Narrative analysis 35 Chapter 3: Ethnographic context 37 3.1 FIRST ARCTIC INHABITANTS 38 3.2 THULE MIGRATION 41 3.3 INUIT AND EUROPEAN CONTACT 44 3.4 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHANGES 49 3.5 INUIT WORLD VIEW 55 Chapter 4: Inuit observations of local change 60 4.1 CHANGES IN SEA ICE 62 4.1.1 Freeze-up timing 62 4.1.2 Ice thickness 64 4.1.3 Floe edge and moving ice 65 4.1.4 Multi-year ice 66 4.1.5 Break-up timing 69 4.2 CHANGES IN WEATHER 71 4.2.1 Temperature 74 4.2.2 Winds 76 4.2.3 Snow 76 4.2.4 Rain 77 iv 4.2.5 Sun, clouds and sky 78 4.3 CHANGES IN ANIMALS 80 4.3.1 Effects of diminishing ice on animals 82 4.3.2 Migration and arrival of new species 83 Chapter 5: Climate change narratives 88 5.1 IDEOLOGY IN INUIT AND SCIENTIFIC NARRATIVES 91 5.2 CLIMATE CHANGE NARRATIVES OF SCIENTISTS 95 5.2.1 Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 97 5.2.2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 101 5.3 LOCAL INUIT PERSPECTIVES OF CLIMATE CHANGE 107 5.3.1 What is climate change? 107 5.3.2 Focus on adaptation 109 5.3.3 Talking about change may provoke the change 111 5.4 INUIT NATIONAL NARRATIVES 115 5.5 THE LOCAL, THE NATIONAL AND THE GLOBAL 120 Chapter 6: Conclusion 125 Bibliography 130 Appendix A: Interview questions 142 Appendix B: Coding - femilies and codes 144 V List of acronyms ACIA- Arctic Climate Impact Assessment AMAP - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program COP - Conferences of the Parties GN - Government ofNunavut GPS - Global Positioning System HBC - Hudson Bay Company ICC - Inuit Circumpolar Council ILUOP - Inuit Land Use and Occupancy Project IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPY - International Polar Year IQ - Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (Inuit knowledge) ISIUOP - Inuit Sea Ice Use and Occupancy Project ITK - Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami NIC - Nunavut Implementation Commission NRI - Northern Research Institute NSTP - Northern Scientific Training Program OHP - Oral History Project RCMP - Royal Canadian Mounted Police TEK - traditional ecological knowledge UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change vi List of tables and figures Figure 1.1 - Map ofNunavut 5 Table 2.1 - List of Inuit participants 30 Figure 3.1 - Distribution of Eastern Arctic cultures from4000BP to 1700AD 39 Figure 4.1 - The kikiak formed at Ivunirarjuq by the floe edge, with moving ice in the distance 67 Figure 4.2: Ikummaq pointing out a large killaq (singular for killait) on the sea ice 70 Figure 4.3: Polar bear spotted on the rough ice near the floe edge 85 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Overview Climate change is one of the most significant and pressing global issues of our time. Ongoing national and international discussions are taking place. For instance, the issue is the centre of debate for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) through such forums as the annual Conferences of the Parties (COP).
Recommended publications
  • Examining Precontact Inuit Gender Complexity and Its

    Examining Precontact Inuit Gender Complexity and Its

    EXAMINING PRECONTACT INUIT GENDER COMPLEXITY AND ITS DISCURSIVE POTENTIAL FOR LGBTQ2S+ AND DECOLONIZATION MOVEMENTS by Meghan Walley B.A. McGill University, 2014 A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Archaeology Memorial University of Newfoundland May 2018 St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador 0 ABSTRACT Anthropological literature and oral testimony assert that Inuit gender did not traditionally fit within a binary framework. Men’s and women’s social roles were not wholly determined by their bodies, there were mediatory roles between masculine and feminine identities, and role-swapping was—and continues to be—widespread. However, archaeologists have largely neglected Inuit gender diversity as an area of research. This thesis has two primary objectives: 1) to explore the potential impacts of presenting queer narratives of the Inuit past through a series of interviews that were conducted with Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer/Questioning and Two-Spirit (LGBTQ2S+) Inuit and 2) to consider ways in which archaeological materials articulate with and convey a multiplicity of gender expressions specific to pre-contact Inuit identity. This work encourages archaeologists to look beyond categories that have been constructed and naturalized within white settler spheres, and to replace them with ontologically appropriate histories that incorporate a range of Inuit voices. I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, qujannamiik/nakummek to all of the Inuit who participated in interviews, spoke to me about my work, and provided me with vital feedback. My research would be nothing without your input. I also wish to thank Safe Alliance for helping me identify interview participants, particularly Denise Cole, one of its founding members, who has provided me with invaluable insights, and who does remarkable work that will continue to motivate and inform my own.
  • Introduction EXPLORATION and SACRIFICE: the CULTURAL

    Introduction EXPLORATION and SACRIFICE: the CULTURAL

    Introduction EXPLORATION AND SACRIFICE: THE CULTURAL LOGIC OF ARCTIC DISCOVERY Russell A. POTTER Reprinted from The Quest for the Northwest Passage: British Narratives of Arctic Exploration, 1576-1874, edited by Frédéric Regard, © 2013 Pickering & Chatto. The Northwest Passage in nineteenth-century Britain, 1818-1874 Although this collective work can certainly be read as a self-contained book, it may also be considered as a sequel to our first volume, also edited by Frederic Regard, The Quest for the Northwest Passage: Knowledge, Nation, Empire, 1576-1806, published in 2012 by Pickering and Chatto. That volume, dealing with early discovery missions and eighteenth-century innovations (overland expeditions, conducted mainly by men working for the Hudson’s Bay Company), was more historical, insisting in particular on the role of the Northwest Passage in Britain’s imperial project and colonial discourse. As its title indicates, this second volume deals massively with the nineteenth century. This was the period during which the Northwest Passage was finally discovered, and – perhaps more importantly – the period during which the quest reached an unprecedented level of intensity in Britain. In Sir John Barrow’s – the powerful Second Secretary to the Admiralty’s – view of Britain’s military, commercial and spiritual leadership in the world, the Arctic remained indeed the only geographical discovery worthy of the Earth’s most powerful nation. But the Passage had also come to feature an inaccessible ideal, Arctic landscapes and seascapes typifying sublime nature, in particular since Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein (1818). And yet, for all the attention lavished on the myth created by Sir John Franklin’s overland expeditions (1819-1822, 1825-18271) and above all by the one which would cost him his life (1845-1847), very little research has been carried out on the extraordinary Arctic frenzy with which the British Admiralty was seized between 1818, in the wake of the end of the Napoleonic wars, and 1859, which may be considered as the year the quest was ended.
  • Canada's Arctic Marine Atlas

    Canada's Arctic Marine Atlas

    Lincoln Sea Hall Basin MARINE ATLAS ARCTIC CANADA’S GREENLAND Ellesmere Island Kane Basin Nares Strait N nd ansen Sou s d Axel n Sve Heiberg rdr a up Island l Ch ann North CANADA’S s el I Pea Water ry Ch a h nnel Massey t Sou Baffin e Amund nd ISR Boundary b Ringnes Bay Ellef Norwegian Coburg Island Grise Fiord a Ringnes Bay Island ARCTIC MARINE z Island EEZ Boundary Prince i Borden ARCTIC l Island Gustaf E Adolf Sea Maclea Jones n Str OCEAN n ait Sound ATLANTIC e Mackenzie Pe Ball nn antyn King Island y S e trait e S u trait it Devon Wel ATLAS Stra OCEAN Q Prince l Island Clyde River Queens in Bylot Patrick Hazen Byam gt Channel o Island Martin n Island Ch tr. Channel an Pond Inlet S Bathurst nel Qikiqtarjuaq liam A Island Eclipse ust Lancaster Sound in Cornwallis Sound Hecla Ch Fitzwil Island and an Griper nel ait Bay r Resolute t Melville Barrow Strait Arctic Bay S et P l Island r i Kel l n e c n e n Somerset Pangnirtung EEZ Boundary a R M'Clure Strait h Island e C g Baffin Island Brodeur y e r r n Peninsula t a P I Cumberland n Peel Sound l e Sound Viscount Stefansson t Melville Island Sound Prince Labrador of Wales Igloolik Prince Sea it Island Charles ra Hadley Bay Banks St s Island le a Island W Hall Beach f Beaufort o M'Clintock Gulf of Iqaluit e c n Frobisher Bay i Channel Resolution r Boothia Boothia Sea P Island Sachs Franklin Peninsula Committee Foxe Harbour Strait Bay Melville Peninsula Basin Kimmirut Taloyoak N UNAT Minto Inlet Victoria SIA VUT Makkovik Ulukhaktok Kugaaruk Foxe Island Hopedale Liverpool Amundsen Victoria King
  • Alaskan Analogues and Eastern Uncertainties: Reconstructing Thule Inuit Interaction Networks in the Eastern North American Arctic

    Alaskan Analogues and Eastern Uncertainties: Reconstructing Thule Inuit Interaction Networks in the Eastern North American Arctic

    T. Max Friesen Department of Anthropology University of Toronto, Canada Alaskan Analogues and Eastern Uncertainties: Reconstructing Thule Inuit Interaction Networks in the Eastern North American Arctic Introduction Thule archaeology has made great strides over the past several decades. Much has been learned about variability in social organization, settlement patterns, technology, subsistence, and even less visible archaeological phenomena such as gender roles and world view. However, a number of areas remain unclear, one of them being the issue of interaction within and between Thule regional groups. As is the case with all other cultural entities, the Thule tradition in the central Arctic can only be understood fully if the broadest scale of interregional interaction is taken into account. Of course, some attention has been paid to interaction, particularly in the form of trade, with copper, iron, ivory, and other exotic materials commonly reported from Thule sites; and aspects of interac- tion have been used to explain phenomena as diverse as the original Thule mi- gration (McGhee 2000) and the eventual collapse of Classic Thule (Whitridge 1999a). Less attention has been paid to the issue of how interregional systems of interaction operated at a broader scale, although McCartney (1988, 1991), Savelle (2000), and Whitridge (1999a, 1999b, 2002) have made important con- tributions in this area. This paper attempts to build on these previous studies, and in particular McCartney’s (1991) consideration of Thule interaction, in two steps. First, it will consider existing information on Thule interaction in relation to the ethnographic record of Northwest Alaska, which is usually considered the best analogue for understanding the Thule archaeological record.
  • Open Passage Ethno-Archaeology of Skin Boats and Indigeneous

    Open Passage Ethno-Archaeology of Skin Boats and Indigeneous

    University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Author (Year of Submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University Faculty or School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Data: Author (Year) Title. URI [dataset] UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Centre for Maritime Archaeology OPEN PASSAGE: ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGY OF SKIN BOATS AND INDIGENEOUS MARITIME MOBILITY OF NORTH-AMERICAN ARCTIC by Evguenia V. Anichtchenko Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2016 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Archaeology Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy OPEN PASSAGE: ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGY OF SKIN BOATS AND INDIGENEOUS MARITIME MOBILITY OF NORTH-AMERICAN ARCTIC Evguenia V. Anichtchenko This thesis is an examination of prehistoric maritime mobility in the Arctic regions of North America through the ethno-archaeological analysis of skin boats. Covering over 100,000 km of coastline, the skin boat traditions of the Arctic and Subarctic zones are arguably among the most expansive watercraft technologies in the world, dating back at least 10,000 years.
  • The Role of Translation in Linguistic Standardisation Across Inuit Nunangat (Le Rôle De La Traduction Dans La Standardisation Linguistique En Inuit Nunangat)

    The Role of Translation in Linguistic Standardisation Across Inuit Nunangat (Le Rôle De La Traduction Dans La Standardisation Linguistique En Inuit Nunangat)

    The Role of Translation in Linguistic Standardisation across Inuit Nunangat (Le rôle de la traduction dans la standardisation linguistique en Inuit Nunangat) Noelle Palmer Mémoire présenté au Département d‘Études françaises comme exigence partielle au grade de maîtrise ès Arts (Traductologie) Université Concordia Montréal, Québec, Canada Avril 2016 © Noelle Palmer, 2016 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Noelle Palmer Entitled: The Role of Translation in Linguistic Standardisation across Inuit Nunangat and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Maîtrise ès Arts (Traductologie) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final examining committee: Philippe Caignon_______________________ Chair René Lemieux_________________________ Examiner Sherry Simon__________________________ Examiner Debbie Folaron_________________________ Supervisor Approved by ________________________________________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director ________________________________________________ Dean of Faculty Date April 11, 2016 ABSTRACT The Role of Translation in Linguistic Standardisation across Inuit Nunangat Noelle Palmer The history of translation and the history of standardisation in Inuit Nunangat, the Inuit homeland in Canada, are closely intertwined. As the Inuit language varieties continually adjust to changing circumstances, translation has triggered
  • Salvaging on the Coast of Erebus Bay: an Analysis of Inuit Interaction

    Salvaging on the Coast of Erebus Bay: an Analysis of Inuit Interaction

    Salvaging on the Coast of Erebus Bay: An Analysis of Inuit Interaction with Material from the Franklin Expedition by Dana Thacher A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Public Issues Anthropology Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2018 © Dana Thacher 2018 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Over the course of the 19th century, many European explorers sailed in search of a Northwest Passage through the Canadian Arctic. These journeys brought them into territory occupied by Inuit, who both traded with the explorers for various goods and interacted with the material that they left behind. The Inuit then sometimes altered these goods to suit their own needs and the alterations had the potential of ascribing new meaning to the material that was different from what the European manufacturers intended. In this research, I will examine the remains of two ship’s boats from three sites on King William Island (NgLj-2, NgLj-3, and NgLj-8) that were abandoned by members of the Franklin expedition and subsequently found and altered by an Inuit sub-group called the Netsilik to reveal the motivational factors behind their actions. By combining the conceptual frameworks of entanglement and salvage, it appears that Inuit utilized these boats in a manner that reflects (1) their environment, (2) what the material afforded, (3) their past experiences with Europeans and European material, and (4) their intended uses of the material.
  • Sedna and the Seal1 (An Inuit Oral Tradition)

    Sedna and the Seal1 (An Inuit Oral Tradition)

    Sedna and the Seal1 (An Inuit Oral Tradition) Your last piece of soap stone is brought out. With eyes focused, the stone is held in hand under the flickering light of the oil lamp. It's turned this way, then that, catching the eye and the light in the contours of the stone. Who's within the stone, to be released as the stone is chipped away? Held under the flickering light . , it's her! There's no mistaking it. It's Sedna, she who lives at the bottom of the sea! And the hands become busy. With steel axe and knife, the stone covering is carefully removed from Sedna. The chips fly from and fall to the floor of the igloo. In no time, the image of Sedna is released from the soap stone and held close in hand. * * * * * The world is an empty place.... All is dark.. There is nothing, flat earth in all directions. There are no animals, no seals, no fishes, no birds. All is empty,... earth everywhere. There are two men. They are already full-grown when they came from the ground. They live together there, but it is not a very satisfactory life... With the words of a song,..2 they sing. "A human being here A penis here. May its opening be wide And roomy. 1The story text is from the Iglulik and Netsilik Inuit, two central Eskimo peoples. This account is similar to that found throughout the oral literature of all Eskimo peoples. For additional ethnographic background, see Boas 1888, Nelson 1983, Rasmussen 1929 and 1931, and Speck 1935.
  • Cultural Heritage Resources Report & Inventory

    Cultural Heritage Resources Report & Inventory

    Phase I: NTI IIBA for Cultural Heritage Resources Conservation Areas Report and Inventory Appedices Cultural Heritage Area: Queen Maud Gulf and Interpretative Migratory Bird Sanctuary Materials Study Prepared for Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. 1 May 2011 This report is part of a set of studies and a database produced for Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. as part of the project: NTI IIBA for Conservation Areas, Cultural Resources Inventory and Interpretative Materials Study Inquiries concerning this project and the report should be addressed to: David Kunuk Director of Implementation Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. 3rd Floor, Igluvut Bldg. P.O. Box 638 Iqaluit, Nunavut X0A 0H0 E: [email protected] T: (867) 975‐4900 Project Manager, Consulting Team: Julie Harris Contentworks Inc. 137 Second Avenue, Suite 1 Ottawa, ON K1S 2H4 Tel: (613) 730‐4059 Email: [email protected] Report Authors: Philip Goldring, Consultant: Historian and Heritage/Place Names Specialist (primary author) Julie Harris, Contentworks Inc.: Heritage Specialist and Historian Nicole Brandon, Consultant: Archaeologist Note on Place Names: The current official names of places are used here except in direct quotations from historical documents. Throughout the document Umingmaktok, for example, refers to the settlement previously known as Bay Chimo. Names of places that do not have official names will appear as they are found in the source documents. Contents Section 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................................
  • Modern Food Sharing Networks and Community Integration in the Central Canadian Arctic PETER COLLINGS,1 GEORGE WENZEL2 and RICHARD G

    Modern Food Sharing Networks and Community Integration in the Central Canadian Arctic PETER COLLINGS,1 GEORGE WENZEL2 and RICHARD G

    ARCTIC VOL. 51, NO. 4 (DECEMBER 1998) P. 301– 314 Modern Food Sharing Networks and Community Integration in the Central Canadian Arctic PETER COLLINGS,1 GEORGE WENZEL2 and RICHARD G. CONDON3 (Received 9 July 1997; accepted in revised form 6 March 1998) ABSTRACT. From June 1992 to July 1993, research on wildlife harvesting and subsistence relations was conducted among a sample of householders in the Inuit community of Holman. In an earlier paper, the authors examined the involvement of younger Inuit in subsistence hunting, noting that despite the sweeping political, social, and economic changes that have been experienced in Holman and across the Canadian North, hunting remained an important sociocultural and economic activity for some members of the sample group. This paper focuses specifically on the informal socioeconomic aspects of subsistence in Holman. Using primary data from the 1992–93 sample, we examine the range of economic mechanisms employed by Holman Inuit for the distribution of wild resources and compare the present range of such activity to that observed by Stefansson, Jenness, Rasmussen, and Damas in their work on Copper Inuit food sharing. These data indicate 1) that the sharing form most frequently cited ethnographically, obligatory seal-sharing partnerships, is more irregular than formerly; and 2) that voluntary, nonpartnership- based sharing remains an important element in the contemporary economic system. Key words: subsistence, Copper Inuit, food sharing, distributional mechanisms RÉSUMÉ. De juin 1992 à juillet 1993, on a fait de la recherche sur les prélèvements fauniques et les rapports de subsistance parmi un échantillon de foyers dans la communauté inuit de Holman.
  • Inuit Literature in English: a Chronological Survey

    Inuit Literature in English: a Chronological Survey

    INUIT LITERATURE IN ENGLISH: A CHRONOLOGICAL SURVEY Michael P. J. Kennedy Department of English University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada, S7N 0W0 Abstract/Resume Inuit myths and songs are largely unknown to southern readers. The breadth of Inuit literature in English can be appreciated only through the investigation of a variety of sources. This article surveys and evaluates over thirty-five volumes of both traditional and contemporary Inuit literature in English. Les mythes et chansons inuits sont en grande mesure inconnus aux lecteurs du sud. On peut apprécier la largeur de la littérature inuite en anglais seulement par l'étude d'une variété de sources. Cet article étudie et évalué plus de trente-cinq volumes de littérature inuite en anglais, non seulement traditionnelle mais aussi contemporaine. 32 Michael P.J. Kennedy For a thousand years or more, in a long history that has no certain beginning, Canada's Inuit have been transmitting the wisdom and truth of their ancestors in stories and songs. The above words were written by Penny Petrone in the Preface to Northern Voices: Inuit Writing in English. Her 1988 volume provides readers with an opportunity to sample some of the rich Inuit creative tradition. Yet for too long the myths and songs of the Inuit have remained largely unknown to readers in the south. The full breadth of arctic Aboriginal literature in English can be appreciated only through the investigation of a variety of sources, ranging from decades-old anthropological reports to anthologies of contemporary authors published within recent years. As early as 1745, Inuit literary expression found an English voice with the appearance of a “Greenland Ode” in Samuel Johnson's Gentleman's Magazine.
  • Nunatsiavut 2

    Nunatsiavut 2

    ILINNIATITSIGUTAUGUNNATUT ILINNIANIMMI ATUTTAULUTIK ILAUTILLUGIT UNIKKAUSIVUTTINUT: ATUKATIGENNIK UNIKKAUSITTINIK SAKKITITAUMAJUK NUNATSIAVUT 2 ILINNIATITSIGUTAUGUNNATUT ILINNIANIMMI ATUTTAULUTIK ILAUTILLUGIT UNIKKAUSIVUTTINUT: ATUKATIGENNIK UNIKKAUSITTINIK SAKKITITAUMAJUK KAUJITITSIUTIK Pitjutigillugu Unikkausivut: AtuKatigennik Unikkausittinik SakKititaumajuk 3-4 Pitjutigillugit Ilinniatitsijiup Maligialingit 4 Ilonnatik Allasimajut 1: Ilinnianik PiusituKanik KaujimajaujutuKanik Taggajâkkut ammalu Âktait Taututsianimmut Ilingajut 5 Ilonnatik Allasimajut 2: Ukiuttatumiut Inuit, Siagunitait Avatellu 5 ALLASImajuk 1 – IlINNIANIK PIUSITUKANIK KAUJIMAJAUJUTUKANIK TAGGAJÂKKUT AMMALU ÂKTAIT INUIT KAUJIMAJATUKANGINNUT ILINGAJUT Inuuqatigiitsiarniq – Sulijutsanik asinnik, ilaget ammalu kamagijauningit inuit 6 Tunnganarniq – Tigumiannik piujunik inosiujunik Kaujimattisinikkut, tujummitailititsinik asinginnilu unuttunik 6 Piliriqatigiinniq – SuliaKaKatigennik Kaut tamât piusiujuni 7 Avatimik Kamattiarniq – Sulijutsanik paitsinillu nunamik, omajunik ammalu avatinik 7 Pilimmaksarniq – Pivalliatauningit ilisimajaugialet takunnanikkut, ilinniatitsinikkut, ottugaKattanikkut ammalu piggagasuannikut 7 Qanuqtuurunnarniq – kamagunnanik ammalu pigunnanillu 7 Aajiiqatigiigniq – Kanuk pijutsaumangâta uKâlaKatigennikut ammalu angiKatigennikut 8 Pijitsirniq – kiggatuttaunik pitaKattisinillu ilagenik ammalu/ubvalu nunaliujunik 8 ALLASIMAJUK 2- UKIUTTATUMIUT INUIT, SIAGUNITAIT AMMALU AVATET Inuit Piusingit 9-11 Inuit IlikKusingit 11-13 Ukiuttatumi Siagunitait