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Gynæcology and Tropical Diseases in Shakespeare

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Gynæcology and Tropical Diseases in Shakespeare .Tune, 1930.] MEDICINE IN SHAKESPEARE: GREEN-ARMYTAGE. 333 SPECIAL ARTICLES. caster in Twelfth Night, Helena in All's Well that Ends II7ell. It is possible that Shakespeare also put Dr. Cains in The Merry Wives of Windsor in this category, for gynecology and tropical diseases in when the learned doctor boasts of his surgical skill SHAKESPEARE.* and threatens to remove the testicles of Sir Hugh Evans " V. B. m.d., f.r.c.p. for with his love he is dubbed By GREEN-ARMYTAGE, (Lond.), interfering" affairs, " belly- stale," a Castalian Urinal" and Monsieur LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, King Mockwater," though I must say I have a liking for Professor oj Midwifery and Gynecology, Calcutta that one small meed of praise he earns from the Medical College, and Surgeon to the Eden Hospital for innkeeper," Women, Calcutta. Shall I lose my doctor? No, he gives me the potions and the motions." Two years I had the honour of to this ago speaking Early Marriage. Society of the medical lore found in the Bible. To-night I am Before of medicine, it will hoping to interest you in some aspects of medicine speaking tropical perhaps be convenient to illustrate the of portrayed by Shakespeare. poet's knowledge I expect that most of you are aware that books have gynecology. In Elizabethan as in India to-day, been written suggesting that the Bard of Avon was times, early marriage was the rule rather than the exception,- but it lawyer, soldier, courtier, or astronomer, and gardener is obvious that the thereof were for yet, such was his that I almost to persuade dangers recognised, genius, hope in Romeo and I. of you that he was a doctor. Juliet, iii., speaking Juliet, Capulet says to Paris:? In the thirty-six plays mention is found of practically " all child is a in the world, the diseases and drugs known in this time, and in My yet stranger I She hath not seen the change of fourteen years, roilus and Cressida, V. i., you will find a long list of Let two more summers wither in their pride, such ills as the flesh was then heir to. But quite apart Ere we think her to be a bride." from such record, it is astounding to discover the may ripe To which Paris replies:? Wonderful knowledge of and " " physiology, pathology, than she are mothers made to which the bear witness. Let us Younger happy Psychology plays and retorts acclaim him in his own words "How noble in reason, " Capulet And too soon marred are those so early made." how infinite in faculty, in how like a god.' apprehension And in the next scene says to Juliet:? ^ " Lady Capulet illiam Shakespeare was born on 23rd April, 1564, and We'll think of marriage now, died on the anniversary of his birth in 1618, that is than you are made already mothers, twelve years before to the world his Younger Harvey published By I was mother much upon juomentous discovery of the circulation of the blood. my count, your "l't these years, it should be remembered that for thirty years the That you are now a maid." Poet was mixing constantly with the keenest brains of the realm, both in and out of London on his theatrical Quickening. 'ours, and that that was the glorious Elizabethan age There are two references to this, one in Love's Labour when merchant, fired the voyage of Lost, V. ii.:? " venturers, by " Hakluyt and the new with the of unless you the honest the poor " map augmentation Faith, play Trojan, the. Indies (Twelfth Night) were seeking trade facilities wench is cast away, she's quick, the child brags in her with the distant West and East. belly already, she's yours." Surely then it needs but little to picture And the other in A Comedy of Errors, I. i.:? the imagination " returning wanderers in the convivial company of till my factor's death, Shakespeare and his player friends at. the Mermaid, Drew from me the kindly cmbracements of my exchanging their tales of courts, courtesans and spouse Countries. From whom my absence was not six months old Those were the days of the Renaissance of Medicine Before herself, almost fainting under the pleasing of Art, when such famous men as Punishment that women became a joyful 1' Fallopius, Vesalius, bear, abricius, Columbus and Montanus had begun scienti- Mother of two goodly sons, fic dissection of the cadaver, and it is by no means And which was strange, the one so like the other "nprobable that heard of these men, or As could not be distinguished but by name." saw Shakespeare engravings of their discoveries in some London Obviously a case of uniovular twins. house was close touch Printing with which he in Longings of Pregnancy. throughout his life. Nor, in assessing his knowledge of The only mention of this condition that I can find is must it be that his eldest daughter ^ledicine, forgotten rather a one in II. i.:?Measure " for Susannah married Dr. John Hall in 1607, and that quaint MeakYire, she came in with and save therefore some of his wealth of clinical observation Sir, great child, longing, your honour's for stewed we niay be attributed to this close association with one of reverence, prunes. Sir, had but two in the in a fruit a dish'of the profession, the number of his house, dish, although greater plays some three honours have seen such Were written before that date. pence, your In the dishes, they are not China dishes, but very good thirty-six plays, seven regular physicians are dishes." 'Mentioned but, be it noted, no surgeon, except it be These lines would appear to indicate that regular that. Dick in who was so intoxi- Surgeon Twelfth Night, traffic with the East was usual in 1608 when this cated that he could not attend his duties, oil will quite ,0member play was written. " the lines " Didst see Dick Parity of Ages in Husband and Wife. " Surgeon, sot? Oh, he's drunk Sir Tobv, an hour agone, his eyes, In 1582 Shal cespeare married Anne Hathaway who Were was set, at eight in the He's a rogue." eight years his senior. The marriage, judging by ^t morning. , that time, besides physicians licensed to practise the bard's absences and his will, cannot be considered > a the of or of Barber one: will remember that all he left ' College' Physicians Company I happy 3rou her "rgeons, there were a host of quacks, both male and ; was his second best bed. f'male, allowed bv Act of Parliament in 1543 the I think he nicely points the physiological moral of "wrty 10 practise,'" if they had knowledge and experi- their disparity in ages in those lines in Twelfth Night, ?.nc!0 of the nature of herbs and and of II. iv., which were/written in 1600: ' roots, waters, " ?perat ion of the same." As instances of these, you Too old by heaven. Let still the woman take remember Dr. Pinch in The Comedy of An elder than herself, so wears she to him, p1!1lar Errors, Laurence in Romeo and Jidiet, the female water So sways she level in her husband's heart. For boy, however we do praise ourselves, a . \ paper road before the Medical Section of the Our fancies nre more giddy and infirm SHUic Society of Bengal on 20lh January, 1030. woman's are." L Than 334 THE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE. [June, 1930. Death of the Foetus. In Henry VIII, V, i., the agony of Anne Boleyn at Or its macerated retention in utero?probably due to the birth of the future Queen Elizabeth of England II. as an is described:? put forward by Henry VIII, iv., " syphilis?is the in excuse for his divorce from Katherine of Aragon:? Queen's labour, " in and feared Who hath commanded Nature that my lady's They say great extremity, womb, She'll with the labour end." If it conceived a male child by me, should And in contrast it is rather amusing in the last Do no more offices of life to it than lines of the same scene to observe the disgust of His The grave does not to the dead; for her male issue Majesty when he was told by the garrulous old lady E're died ere were or shortly after that he had a daughter: they made, " This world had aired them." As like you as a cherry is to cherry." 3. And in Henry VI, Part 3. IV. iv., Queen Elizabeth It is of interest to note that in Henry VI, Part the birth of Gloucester is described as ill-omened bemoans the disastrous effect of acute emotion upon V, vi., and difficult in the lines:? the child within her, in the lines:? " " Fair hope must hinder Life's decay, Thy mother felt more than a mother's pain, And forth less than a mother's And I the rather wean me from despair yet brought hope, To an and unformed For love of Edward's off'ring in my womb, wit, indigested lump." This is it that makes me bridle passion, And later in the same scene we are told in his own And bear with mildness my misfortune's cross, words that he was a footling presentation and born Lest with my sighs or tears I blast or drown with teeth:? " King Edward's fruit, true heir to England's crown." For I have often heard my mother say I came into the world with forward.
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