GaryGary InterInter StateState Established Sept. 6, 1878; the only newspaper in the world solely interested in the welfare of Gary, SD and vicinity. Gary Historical Association 2014 A monthly newspaper with news of the past and present. www.experiencegarysd.com "The opinions in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Gary Historical Association.”

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Gary, the oldest town in the county, was Dakota’s Rapid Growth. The growth of this Territory during this past year is something phe- founded in 1877 by the Winona & St. Peter Rail- nomenal . Our population has increased at the rate road Company, thought the railroad had reached of 12,000 a month, since January last. The larger that point in the fall of 1872. Gary was originally half of this increase settled in the southern half of the Territory. Post offices have been established at called State Line because of its location on the the rapid rate of 12 a month for the past 11 months. boundary line; then for a time it was called Head- Now we are a prosperous, growing and enterprising quarters, because it was the base of operations for commonwealth with a population numbering 275,00 souls; with a voting strength of 60,000; the Colonel DeGraff, the railroad contractor. advantages of Dakota over all competitors is af- An attempt was made to have it named DeGraff, firmed by over one hundred newspapers; we have but there was another town by that name on the St. about seventy banks. Just think how Dakota has grown during the past year and imagine, if you can, Paul & Pacific Railroad, so Post office Department what the future has in store for us. officials refused to accept the name. Gary was fi- It has been said that the Gary population reached nally chosen as the name by Henry H. Her- nearly 1,000 during the early 1880’s, however I was unable to find definite proof. . .The following rick, pioneer settler of the town, and C. H. Whitney, population comparison for the towns in Deuel postmaster at Marshall, in honor of H. B. county were as follows: Gary, the mail agent in Marshall. In recognition of the honor, Gary presented the post office with a TOWN 1895 1910 1925 1950 1960 1980 stamping machine. The post office, with Herrick in Altamont 245 110 127 76 77 57 charge, was established on October 12, 1874, at Astoria which time the name Gary was used. It has an ele- — — 243 205 174 153 vation of 1784 feet, which makes it the lowest town Brandt 286 158 307 205 147 129 in the county. Since 1920. when it had a population Clear Lake 278 704 976 1106 1124 1157 of 588, it has always had more 543 residents, Gary 620 477 563 554 447 396 largely due to the existence of the School for the Goodwin Blind located there. 353 145 142 139 111 139 Toronto 237 424 393 322 267 216

1 Edith (Engeseth) Hartwig Wayne Russell Nelson 1938-December 31, 2013 May 6, 1947—January 25, 2014 Edith (Engeseth) Hartwig, Sunrise-May 6, 1947, South Da- age 75 of Minnetonka, MN, kota, USA (formerly of Gary, SD), passed Sunset-January 25, 2014, To- away peacefully on Dec. 31, ronto, Ontario 2013. Visitation only Wednesday, She was preceded in death by January 29, 2014 5:00—9:00 pm her husband of 43 years, We come from a dark abyss, Wendell; parents, Erick and we end in a dark abyss, and we Lorraine; brothers, Harold and Richard; and sister, call the luminous interval life. As soon as we are Lucille. born the return begins, at once the setting forth and She will be deeply missed by her four children, the coming back; we die in every moment. Because Douglas (Ardelle), Russell (Connie), Wendy Martin of this many have cried out: The goal of life is death! (Gary) and Cindy Hogan (Keith); nine grandchildren But as soon as we are born we begin the struggle to and two great-grandchildren. She also leaves behind create, to compose, to turn matter into life; we are five siblings that were close to her heart. born in every moment. Because of this many have Edith enjoyed traveling, games, reading, crafts cried out: The goal of ephemeral life is immortality! and most of all spending time with her family. We In the temporary living organism these two streams take comfort knowing she is smiling down on us collide: (a) the ascent toward composition, toward from her game of marbles and enjoying a cup of cof- life, toward immortality; (b) the descent toward de- fee. composition , toward matter, toward death. A memorial service will be held in her honor on And, later...Which of the two eternal roads shall I Jan. 18 at 11 am at United Methodist Church in Gary, choose?....Of the two, I choose the ascending path. SD. Why?...I choose the ascending path because my heart (Obit submitted from The Canby News) drives me toward it. From Nikos Kazantzakis, The Saviors of God Spiritual Exercises. Giffen-Mack Funeral Home 2570 Danforth Ave. Toronto, Ontario M4C-1L3 416-698-3121

2 A white man and an elderly Native man became pretty good friends, so the white guy decided to ask him: “What do you think about Indian mascots?” The Native elder responded, “Here’s what you’ve got to understand. When you look at black people, you see ghosts of all the slavery and the rapes and the hangings and the chains. When you look at Jews, you see ghosts of all those bodies piled up in death camps. And those ghosts keep you trying to do the right thing. “But when you look at us you don’t see the ghosts of the little babies with their heads smashed in by rifle butts at the Big Hole, or the old folks dying by the side of the trail on the way to Oklahoma while their families cried and tried to make them comfortable, or the dead mothers at Wounded Knee or the little kids at Sand Creek who were shot for target practice. You don’t see any ghosts at all. Redskins primary logo (1972 “Instead you see casinos and drunks and junk cars and shacks. “Well, we see those –1981, 1983–present). ghosts. And they make our hearts sad and they hurt our little children. And when we try to say something, you tell us, ‘Get over it. This is America. Look at the American dream.’ But as long as you’re calling us Redskins and doing tomahawk chops, we can’t look at the American dream, because those things remind us that we are not real human beings to you. And when people aren’t humans, you can turn them into slaves or kill six million of them or shoot them down with Hotchkiss guns and throw them into mass graves at Wounded Knee. “No, we’re not looking at the American dream. And why should we? We still haven’t woken up from the American nightmare. www.ya-native.com

Washington

Redskins primary logo (1982). This "tucked feather" version came about as a result of the decals not properly sticking to the helmets at the lower junc- ture of the feathers and the outer circle. The following year, the decal manufacturer started using a more flexible material, and the team reverted to the "hanging feather" version of the logo.

3 English is a crazy language. . .Something to ponder. Let’s face it—English is a crazy language. There is no egg in eggplant or ham in hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple. English muffins weren’t invented in England or French fries in France. Sweetmeats are candies whiles sweetbreads, which aren’t sweet, are meat. We take English for granted. But if we explore its paradoxes we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square and a guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor is it a pig. And why is it that writers write, but fin- gers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce and hammers don’t ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, why isn’t the plural of booth beeth? One goose, 2 geese. So one moose, 2 meese? One index, 2 indices? Doesn’t it seem crazy that you can make amends but not one amend, that you comb through annuals of history by not a single annual? If you have a bunch of odds and ends and get rid of all but one of them, what do you call it? If teachers taught, why didn’t preachers praught? If a vegetarian eats a vegetable, what does a humanitarian eat? If you wrote a letter, perhaps you bote you tongue? Sometimes I think all the English speakers should be committed to an asylum for the verbally insane. In what language do people recite at a play and play at a recital? Ship by truck and send cargo by ship? Have noses that run and feet that smell? Park on driveways and drive on parkways? How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? How can overlook and oversee be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell on day and cold as hell another? Have you noticed that we talk about certain things only when they are absent? Have you ever seen a horseful carriage or a strapful gown? Met a sung hero or experienced requited love? Have you ever run into someone who was combobulated, gruntled, ruly or peccable? And where are all those people who are spring chickens or who actually hurt a fly? You have to marvel at the uniqueness of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarm clock goes off before going on. English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race which of course is not a race at all. That is why, when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are in- visible. And why when I wind up my watch, I start it, but when I wind up this essay, I end it. Unknown writer. [Gary Interstate-January 2009]

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4 History of the Deuel County Court House

The History of the Courthouse now located in Clear Lake is one of the most colorful episodes of the early days in Deuel County. Looking at the three-storied structure today an observer could hardly imagine that passions ran very high about eighty years ago over which town in the county should be the County Seat. The first Courthouse in Deuel County was located in Gary which was settled before any other town in the county. The Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company erected the building which was used at the time. AS settlers pushed farther west it did not take long before several other small towns sprang up along the route of the railway. Agitation began at least as early as 1886 for the removal of the Courthouse from Gary to a point more centrally located marking the ap- Original Deuel Cty. Courthouse in Gary, SD proximate center of the county. It just so happened that this central spot was just outside of Clear Lake. There was much celebration and even some speech- making near the marker on July 4, 1886, to the effect that the interests of the county would be better served if the Court- house stood near the timber. People from Gary looked on such an idea with vast disapproval. They would be no party to a conspiracy to have the Courthouse moved from their town. Thus, when the bridge timber was chopped down and hauled away a few nights after it was erected, it wasn't difficult to imagine who was responsible for the act. Events moved from symbolic commemorations to direct political action. In 1886, the County Commissioners rejected a petition intended to put the question of where the Courthouse should be located to a vote. The petition lacked enough signa- tures to appear on the ballot. Discussion continued however, and in 1888 a petition was presented that contained enough signatures. A vigorous campaign ensued, with the newspapers from each town leading the way with arguments for their respective towns. The Gary Interstate pointed to the cost of removal, to the fact that the Courthouse in Gary was in ade- quate condition, and to the "dirty tricks" Clear Lake was using to win the battle. The Clear Lake Advocate responded in kind. At times the level of argument degenerated to outright insults. Conflicting reports exist as to the vote totals in the 1888 election, but the end result was that the Clear Lake Courthouse backers were once again defeated as the Commission- ers ruled that the election results showed the Courthouse should remain in Gary. Undaunted, the petitioners tried again in 1890. Once again the question was put to a vote in the 1890 general election calling the $5000 that the railroad company was willing to pay for a new Courthouse if the election favored Clear Lake, an out-right bribe. The Gary Backers, again, vigorously protested the idea of moving the Courthouse. However, the forces for removal were far stronger in this election and the unofficial canvass of vote showed Clear Lake receiving 868, Gary 274, and another town in the County getting 1 vote. The Editor of the Gary Interstate acknowledged defeat and the County Re- cords were moved to a school house in Clear Lake until the new Courthouse could be built. Even the removal of the records did not run as smoothly as might have been wished. The two ton Treasurer's safe had to be abandoned for a night on the prairie when the wagon carrying it broke a wheel. Next day a bob sled was used to haul the safe to Clear Lake. With the help of local labor the new building was quickly constructed. In 1891 the County could boast a new Courthouse with offices for the Supt. of Schools, Auditor and Treasurer on one side and Clerk of Courts and Register of Deeds on the other. Judicial Chambers and a Courtroom were located on the second floor. Rapid growth of the County and the need for more office space quickly made the Courthouse obsolete. A special election was ordered for May 23, 1916 on the question of building a new Courthouse. The issue passed and on April 23, 1917 the corner stone for the present Courthouse was dedicated. This same building has been in service to the present day. Renovation of the Courthouse has taken place in recent years with additional electric wiring, new windows and doors, and the heating system updated. Air-conditioning was also added in 1977. A time Capsule buried on the grounds will be opened on the 100th Anniver- sary of Clear Lake's settlement. One of the items in the Capsule is a newspaper from which the townspeople can once again review what has come to be called "The Great Courthouse Fight". The above article was found in a file at the courthouse. Although the author and source are un- known, it was written in January of 1979. If anyone would happen to have more information as to who the author is or where it was published, please contact us so we can give proper credit. Thank you. Deuel County is named for Jacob S. Deuel, a pioneer and sawmill operator in the . He was also a legislator in 1862. Deuel County Courthouse in Clear Lake, SD

5 Fairchild Farmgirl I'm Just One Cow Pie From a Full Spreader

Ten Things I Love About the Month of February: Me & Fluffdog

10. Filling out those valentines with the kids! After about 25, with candy all over the floor, half eaten suckers in the toy box, this is number 1 on my “Why I hate February” list. 9. Getting ready to lamb! Yay! Lambing is also on my “Why I hate April” list when I have sheep that haven't lambed yet. 8. Ordering seeds for the upcoming produce selling season! Please don't talk to me in August. I'll be too busy weeding and the sweat dripping in my eyes will render me blind. I'll be wondering why I or- dered so much back in February. 7. This is really the last month I have off before I start working outside. Next month? Trimming grapevines! 6. For the most part I will be wrapping up the thought of a clean home and neatly tuck it away in my brain. Yes, for the next month, the house will still be spiffed and pretty. Then, when we are hard at work during the growing season this place is not to be desired. It gets downright ugly. 5. Snow! Knowing that snow will soon be a distant memory, I tend to enjoy snow storms a little more this month. 4. Picking out bull semen. I know...awkward. I've been pouring over websites and ranch brochures. But I want the best offspring you know, lol! 3. Super Bowl...go Broncos! 2. Winter Olympics!!! We love the Winter Olympics at our house. Our favorite is the skiing. No, wait, the luge, no, maybe it's the figure skating! Heck, we love it all!

And the number one reason?

My husband feels compelled to take me out to supper on a Valentines Day Date. Woo hoo!

6 Continuation of the Battle of Greasy Grass or Custer’s Last Stand...continued Indian leaders and warriors in the battle (Lakota): , Four Horns, Crow King, Gall, Black Moon, Rain-in-the-Face, Moving Robe Women, Spot- ted Horn Bull, Iron Hawk, One Bull, Bull Head, Buffalo Calf Pipe, Chasing Eagle Sihasapa (Blackfoot Lakota): Crawler, Kill Eagle Minneconjou (Lakota): Hump, Black Moon, Red Horse, Makes Room, Looks Up, Lame Deer, Dog-with-Horn, Dog Back Bone, White Bull, Feather Earring, Flying By Sans Arc (Lakota): Spotted Eagle, Red Bear, Long Road, Cloud Man (Lakota): , He Dog, Chief Long Wolf, Black Elk, White Cow Bull, Running Eagle Brule (Lakota): Two Eagles, Hollow Horn Bear, Brave Bird Wahpekute (Dakota): , Sounds-the-Ground-as-He-Walks, White Eagle, White Tracking Earth Two Kettles (Lakota): Runs-the-Enemy, Chased-by-Owls Northern : Two Moons, Wooden Leg, Old Bear, Dirty Mocassin, Lame White Man, American Horse, Brave Wolf, Antelope Women, Big Nose, Yellow Horse, Little Shield, Horse Road, Bob Tail Horse, Yellow Hair, Bear-Walks-on-a-Ridge, Black Hawk, Charcoal Bear, Coffee, Turkey Legs, Buffalo Calf Road Woman, Crooked Nose, Little Bird, Noisy Walking Arapahoes: Waterman, Sage, Left Hand, Yellow Eagle, Powder Face Notable scouts/interpreters in the battle The 7th Cavalry was accompanied by a number of scouts and interpreters: Charley Reynolds: scout (killed) Bloody Knife: /Lakota scout (killed) Curley: Crow scout Mitch Bouyer: scout/interpreter (killed) Isaiah Dorman: interpreter (killed) Fred Gerard: interpreter : Crow scout Curley Mitch Bouyer : Crow scout Hairy Moccasin: Crow scout : Crow scout (severely wounded) Tatanka Iyotake “Sitting Bull” Half Yellow Face: Crow scout Red Star: Arikara scout Bob Tailed Bull: Arikara scout (killed) Little Brave: Arikara scout (killed) Red Bear: Arikara scout Black Elk *Buffalo Calf Road Woman Running Wolf:Arikara scout White Bull Young Hawk: Arikara scout *Buffalo Calf Road Woman, or Brave Woman (b. c. Strikes Two: Arikara scout 1850s? -d. 1878), was a Northern Cheyenne woman Soldier: Arikara scout who saved her wounded warrior brother Chief Comes in Little : Arikara scout Sight, in the Battle of Rosebud (1876) (as it was called Goose: Arikara scout (wounded in the hand by a 7th Cavalry trooper) by the .) Her rescue helped rally the Chey- enne warriors to win the battle. She fought next to her Owl: Arikara scout husband in the Battle of the Little Bighorn that same William Jackson: half-Pikuni and half Blackfoot scout year. In 2005 Northern Cheyenne storytellers broke Peter Jackson: half-Pikuni and half Blackfoot brother of William, scout more than 100 years of silence about the battle, and they Sitting Bear: Arikara scout credited Buffalo Calf Road Woman striking the blow Boy Chief: Arikara scout that knocked Custer off his horse before he died. One Feather: Arikara scout History During the Battle of the Rosebud, the Cheyenne and Head: Arikara scout Sioux, allied under the leadership of Crazy Horse, had Strikes The Lodge: Arikara scout been retreating, and they left the wounded Chief Comes 7th Cavalry officers at the Little Bighorn in Sight on the battlefield. Suddenly Buffalo Calf Road Commanding Officer: Lt. Col. killed Woman rode out onto the battlefield at full speed and Maj. grabbed up her brother, carrying him to safety. Her cou- Adjutant: 1st Lt. William W. Cooke killed rageous rescue caused the Cheyenne to rally, and they defeated General George Crook and his forces. In honor Assistant Surgeon George Edwin Lord, killed of Buffalo Calf Road Woman, the Cheyenne called the Acting Assistant Surgeon James Madison DeWolf, killed Battle of Rosebud “The Fight Where the Girl Saved Her Acting Assistant Surgeon Henry Rinaldo Porter Brother”.

7 Chief of Scouts: 2nd Lt. Charles Varnum (detached from A Company) wounded 2nd in command of Scouts: 2nd Lt. Luther Hare (detached from K Company) Pack Train commander: 1st Lt. Edward Gustave Mathey (detached from M Company) A Company: Capt. Myles Moylan, 1st Lt. Charles DeRudio B Company: Capt. Thomas McDougall, 2nd Lt. Benjamin Hodgson killed C Company: Capt. Thomas Custer killed, 2nd Lt. Henry Moore Harrington killed D Company: Capt. Thomas Weir, 2nd Lt. Winfield Edgerly * E Company: 1st Lt. Algernon Gen. George A. Custer Cap. GeorgeYates Smith killed, 2nd Lt. James G. Sturgis killed F Company: Capt. George Yates killed, 2nd Lt. William Reily killed G Company: 1st Lt. Donald McIntosh killed, 2nd Lt. George Wallace H Company: Capt. , 1st Lt. Francis Gibson I Company: Capt. killed, 1st Lt. James Porter killed K Company: 1st Lt. Edward Settle Godfrey Lt. L Company: 1st Lt. James Calhoun killed, 2nd Lt. John J. Crittenden killed Lt. Edward Godfrey M Company: Capt. Thomas French Civilians killed Boston Custer: brother of George & Thomas, Forager for the 7th Mark Kellogg: reporter Henry Armstrong Reed: nephew of Custer’s, herder for the 7th Source: Wikipedia Boston Custer Cap. Tom Custer Custer’s Last Stand, by C.M. Russell

Lt. Gen. Nelson A. Miles Reno

Capt. Fredreick Benteen

“The Little Big Horn” site

Artifacts found at the battle site.

We hope you have enjoyed learning about “The Little Big Horn” If you ever have the time to make a trip to Hardin, to the actual sight it is recommended. The guide is knowledgeable in the history and once you see the layout of the land, you will get a better idea how it went down the way it did.

8 Territory Days

The years have passed on one by one, since the gov- ernment of our land, Proclaimed this a territory track where now so many cities stand.

The prairie then stretched far and wide and not a thing to break the view: For trees were lone and far between, and settler’s shacks were very few.

Wild flowers were not molested then; some are in oblivion now: Since farmers have broken up the sod with the new type tractor and the plow.

The buffalo and antelope were free to roam the prairie then, And now lay fields of corn and grain, where their trails to water holes had been.

The hostile Sioux have long been gone and live on reservations near; The prairie chicken now has vanished and their boom we no longer hear.

Our wagon trails across the prairie have given way to black top roads, And huge trucks have taken over where horses used to haul the loads.

Nothing used to mar our heavens, only meteors with their light, Now scientists try to reach the moon, with man and powered satellite.

The pesky insects aft would feast upon our crops and gardens too, With sprays and chemicals galore, the most are gone and flies are few.

Our women’s work is lighter now, then it was in olden days, With water works and gadgets many, help health and time in many ways.

Our trains are gone for little towns, our country schools are now but few; The horse and buggy days are all but gone, and many things we’ve bid adieu.

The high speed cars that travel far, and planes and jets and all the rest, And all the ways of easy life, I still think the days of old the best. ~Marietta Thomas

9 The Gary Historical Association is looking for an an- vil, old tools or anything that would remind of things used in the early days of Deuel County or the sur- rounding area. Got any in the attic or garage you’d be willing to share? You may contact Roger Baer, Cura- tor, at 605-272-2207 or cell number 605-220-1369. You can also call Ellen Schulte at 605-272-5295. Thank you so much!

Have you been to our web site? www.experiencegarysd.com It is loaded with interesting information, including, Bill Stone’s book at: Gary Historical http://experiencegarysd.com/billstonebook.cfm WE WILL OPEN IF YOU CALL AND REQUEST A TOUR. and the Gary High School Orange Book at http:// PLEASE CONTACT: experiencegarysd.comgaryschoolorangebook.cfm ROGER BAER – 605-220-1369 OR EMAIL [email protected] Or Gary Historical Ass’n is on FaceBook ELLEN SCHULTE – 605-272-5295 Please LIKE us there

Here is something special, a virtual tour of the Smithsonian Mu- seum room by room. It is really something with a 360 degree view- ing by using your cursor. You easily spend hours looking at every- thing. Great for kids and adults. Follow the blue arrows on the floor to move into new rooms. Shows inside and outside of the museum and their little cameras here and there which show detailed info on certain things. If you click on the floors (upper right corner) you get a floor plan of that floor and you can click on a blue circle and go directly to that room. A very nice web site. Enjoy! http://www.mnh.si.edu/vtp/1-desktop/

GATE CITY GENERAL

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