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Teacher’S Guide Teacher’S Guide Little Bighorn National Monument
LITTLE BIGHORN NATIONAL MONUMENT TEACHER’S GUIDE TEACHER’S GUIDE LITTLE BIGHORN NATIONAL MONUMENT INTRODUCTION The purpose of this Teacher’s Guide is to provide teachers grades K-12 information and activities concerning Plains Indian Life-ways, the events surrounding the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the Personalities involved and the Impact of the Battle. The information provided can be modified to fit most ages. Unit One: PERSONALITIES Unit Two: PLAINS INDIAN LIFE-WAYS Unit Three: CLASH OF CULTURES Unit Four: THE CAMPAIGN OF 1876 Unit Five: BATTLE OF THE LITTLE BIGHORN Unit Six: IMPACT OF THE BATTLE In 1879 the land where The Battle of the Little Bighorn occurred was designated Custer Battlefield National Cemetery in order to protect the bodies of the men buried on the field of battle. With this designation, the land fell under the control of the United States War Department. It would remain under their control until 1940, when the land was turned over to the National Park Service. Custer Battlefield National Monument was established by Congress in 1946. The name was changed to Little Bighorn National Monument in 1991. This area was once the homeland of the Crow Indians who by the 1870s had been displaced by the Lakota and Cheyenne. The park consists of 765 acres on the east boundary of the Little Bighorn River: the larger north- ern section is known as Custer Battlefield, the smaller Reno-Benteen Battlefield is located on the bluffs over-looking the river five miles to the south. The park lies within the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana, one mile east of I-90. -
The Swiss at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, 1876
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Faculty Publications 2011-2 The wS iss at the Battle of the Littlei B ghorn, 1876 Albert Winkler Brigham Young University - Provo, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub Part of the Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Original Publication Citation Winkler, A. (2011). The wS iss at the Battle of the Little iB ghorn, 1876. Swiss American Historical Society Review, 47(1), 1-22. BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Winkler, Albert, "The wS iss at the Battle of the Little iB ghorn, 1876" (2011). All Faculty Publications. 1812. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1812 This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Swiss at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, 1876 by Albert Winkler The Swiss have made many valuable contributions to the develop ment of the United States, including the westward expansion, and peo ple from Switzerland participated in some of the most significant events and activities in the development of the American frontier. They were involved in treks to the West, were found in many mining camps and in pioneer settlements, and served in the US Army. Among the most cel ebrated Swiss soldiers was Ernest Veuve, from Neuchatel, who received the Congressional Medal of Honor for driving off an Indian warrior in 1874 after brief hand-to-hand combat. -
Battle of the Greasy Grass
The Military Campaign of 1876 After the discovery of gold in the Black Hills following Custer’s 1875 Expedition, the US tried to buy the land from the Sioux, but they would not sell their sacred Paha Sapa. The government issued a decree requiring all non-reservation Indians to report to the agencies by Jan. 1, 1876. Because of this decree, in November of 1875, . Hunkpapa Lakota Headman and Holy Man SITTING BULL sent out a call to gather together all of the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho at the Chalk Buttes at the end of the Moon When Geese Return to discuss what to do about the incursion of whites into the land granted them in the United States treaties. Sun Dance Sitting Bull decides to hold a Sun Dance to gather the leaders to decide what to do about the white invaders and unite the people in the sacred ceremony. Sitting Bull sacrifices 100 pieces of flesh and has a vision of Long Knives Falling from the Sky. General George Crook, General Alfred Terry, and Colonel John Gibbon Led the Campaign to move all Indians to reservations, defeating those who resisted. Battle of the Rosebud Or, Battle Where the Woman Saved Her Brother On June 17, 1876, Sioux and Cheyenne forces led by Crazy Horse spotted General Crook, his 1,050 soldiers, and 260 Crow and Shoshone scouts, defeating them and eliminating them from the campaign. Three Army Expeditions General Crook would be coming from the south from Fort Fetterman in Wyoming Territory Col Gibbon would arrive from the west from Fort Ellis in Montana Territory General Terry would travel from the east from Fort Abraham Lincoln in Dakota Territory. -
September 2010 END of TRAIL 2010 by Captain George Baylor, SASS Life #24287 Photos by Black Jack Mcginnis, SASS Life/Regulator #2041 and Mr
M E S Get The Latest In How To Videos At The SASS Members OnNolvyem bPer a 20g01 e CCoowwbbooyy ( CChhrroonneiiiiccllllee X Paege 1 NNSoeovpveteemmmbbbeeerrr 22 200000111 0 CCoowwCbbooywy CbCiohthyrr ooCnnhiiiicrcllollee nicle PPPaaaggegeee 111 ’s c C o a I u o n T r n t I p il N a e g s G ~ e e s c t 8 io The Cowboy Chronicle 0 n -8 3 ) The Monthly Journal of the Single Action Sh ooting Society ® Vol. 23 No. 9 © Single Action Shooting Society, Inc. September 2010 END of TRAIL 2010 By Captain George Baylor, SASS Life #24287 Photos by Black Jack McGinnis, SASS Life/Regulator #2041 and Mr. Quigley Photography Team And when you get the choice HIGHLIGHTS starting on page 63 to sit it out or dance ing™. This is the event put on by the I hope you dance people who invented and perfected I hope you dance the sport. Twenty-eight END of (© written by Mark D. Sanders and TRAIL’s have come and gone before Tia Sillers, and recorded by this one. All of the champions have country singer Lee Ann Womack) walked at END of TRAIL, the people you read about or watched on TV, ounders Ranch, Edge - from China Camp to T-Bone Dooley wood, New Mexico, to Holy Terror. Without END of June 21-27 – When you TRAIL, there would be no SASS, no F drive to END of TRAIL Cowboy Action Shooting™. the first time it finally hits you—this There are Cowboy Action Shoot - is not like any other SASS match. -
CUSTER BATTLEFIELD National Monument Montana (Now Little Bighorn Battlefield)
CUSTER BATTLEFIELD National Monument Montana (now Little Bighorn Battlefield) by Robert M. Utley National Park Service Historical Handbook Series No. 1 Washington, D.C. 1969 Contents a. A CUSTER PROFILE b. CUSTER'S LAST STAND 1. Campaign of 1876 2. Indian Movements 3. Plan of Action 4. March to the Little Bighorn 5. Reno Attacks 6. The Annihilation of Custer 7. Reno Besieged 8. Rescue 9. Collapse of the Sioux 10. Custer Battlefield Today 11. Campaign Maps c. APPENDIXES I. Officers of the 7th Cavalry at the Battle of the Little Bighorn II. Low Dog's Account of the Battle III. Gall's Account of the Battle IV. A Participant's Account of Major Reno's Battle d. CUSTER'S LAST CAMPAIGN: A PHOTOGRAPHIC ESSAY e. THE ART AND THE ARTIST f. ADMINISTRATION For additional information, visit the Web site for Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument or view their Official National Park Handbook (#132): Historical Handbook Number One 1969 The publication of this handbook was made possible by a grant from the Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association, Inc. This publication is one of a series of handbooks describing the historical and archeological areas in the National Park System administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Price lists of Park Service publications sold by the Government Printing Office may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402. The National Park System, of which Custer Battlefield National Monument is a unit, is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people. -
NSS Journal 45 1.Pdf
Name of Publication: NATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL Issue: Volume 45 # 1 ISSN 2154-1736 Frequency: Quarterly Offices of Publication: National Social Science Association Mailing Address 2020 Hills Lake Drive El Cajon CA 92020 Office Address 9131 Fletcher Parkway, Suite 119 La Mesa CA 91942 On Line journals: http://nssa.us e-mail address: [email protected]; [email protected] The National Social Science Journal is being abstracted in: Cabell's Directory; Eric Clearinghouse; EBSCO, Economic Abstracts; Historical Abstracts; Index to Periodical Articles; Social Science Source; Social Science Index; Sociological Abstracts; the University Reference System. We wish to thank all authors for the licensing of the articles. And we wish to thank all those who have reviewed these articles for publication This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Editor, Barba Patton EDITORIAL BOARD Editorial Board: Nancy Adams., Lamar University Stanley Alexander, Suffolk County Community College Mark Bellnap, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Richard Bieker, Delaware State University Benita Bruster, Austin Peay University Sue Burum, Minnesota State University, Mankato Jose da Cruz, Armstrong Atlantic State University Robert Dewhirst, Northwest Missouri State University Amy Shriver Dreussi, University of Akron Talitha Hudgins, Utah Valley University James Mbuva, National University Barbara Peterson, Austin Peay University Pegly Vaz, Fort Hays State University NATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL Volume 45 #1 Table of Contents Metro Atlanta Housing Industry Recovery, 2010 – 2013: A Temporary Perturbation or Long Term Trend Ebenezer Aka, Morehouse College 1 Custer, Information and Communication Mark S. Bellnap, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University 17 Community Based Screenings: Lessons Learned Joannie Busillo-Aguayo, Ivor Weiner, Victoria Berrey, California State University, Northridge 24 Healthy Grieving: An Opportunity for Growth William R. -
Panic, Erratic Behavior, and the Psychological Impact of the Battle of the Littlei B Ghorn on the Soldiers, Including the Swiss Troopers Albert Winkler Dr
Swiss American Historical Society Review Volume 55 | Number 2 Article 5 6-2019 Panic, Erratic Behavior, and the Psychological Impact of the Battle of the Littlei B ghorn on the Soldiers, Including the Swiss Troopers Albert Winkler Dr. Brigham Young University - Provo, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review Part of the European History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Winkler, Albert Dr. (2019) "Panic, Erratic Behavior, and the Psychological Impact of the Battle of the Little iB ghorn on the Soldiers, Including the Swiss Troopers," Swiss American Historical Society Review: Vol. 55 : No. 2 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol55/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Swiss American Historical Society Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Winkler: Psychological Impact of the Battle of the Little Bighorn Panic, Erratic Behavior, and the Psychological Impact of the Battle of the Little Bighorn on the Soldiers, Including the Swiss Troopers by Albert Winkler Introduction Twe lve men born in Switzerland were in the Seventh Cavalry at the time of the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Of these, five were on detached service at that time and did not participate in the campaign and battle. The other seven participated in the encounter. Also, many other men in the Seventh Cavalry at that time had at least some Swiss ancestry, and all of them like ly suffered from the psychological effects of the battle as did numerous other participants. -
February 2014
GaryGary InterInter StateState Established Sept. 6, 1878; the only newspaper in the world solely interested in the welfare of Gary, SD and vicinity. Gary Historical Association 2014 A monthly newspaper with news of the past and present. www.experiencegarysd.com "The opinions in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Gary Historical Association.” This paper printed for you by DNB NATIONAL BANK Gary and Clear Lake SD We want to thank them for this service! Gary 605.272.5233 Clear Lake 605.874.2191 Gary, the oldest town in the county, was Dakota’s Rapid Growth. The growth of this Territory during this past year is something phe- founded in 1877 by the Winona & St. Peter Rail- nomenal . Our population has increased at the rate road Company, thought the railroad had reached of 12,000 a month, since January last. The larger that point in the fall of 1872. Gary was originally half of this increase settled in the southern half of the Territory. Post offices have been established at called State Line because of its location on the the rapid rate of 12 a month for the past 11 months. boundary line; then for a time it was called Head- Now we are a prosperous, growing and enterprising quarters, because it was the base of operations for commonwealth with a population numbering 275,00 souls; with a voting strength of 60,000; the Colonel DeGraff, the railroad contractor. advantages of Dakota over all competitors is af- An attempt was made to have it named DeGraff, firmed by over one hundred newspapers; we have but there was another town by that name on the St. -
Trumpeter John Martin (Giovanni Martino)
Trumpeter John Martin (Giovanni Martino) IN THE EARLY AFTERNOON of June 25, 1876, General George Custer and five companies of the U.S. Seventh Cavalry Regiment prepared to attack a massive Indian encampment on the banks of the Little Big Horn River. A few minutes earlier, accompanied by a handful of officers and scouts, Custer had climbed a small hill and watched as one element of the planned envelopment, a column of three companies under the command of Major Marcus Reno, had commenced their attack on the village. Sensing that the moment to strike was at hand, Custer and his column of nearly 210 troopers, scouts and civilians raced along the bluffs overlooking the valley floor for several hundred yards before halting at the edge of a ravine (Medicine Tail Coulee). As the troopers anxiously readied their weapons and checked their mounts, Custer spoke privately to his trusted adjutant, Lieutenant William W. Cooke, and ordered him to send for reinforcements and additional ammunition. Sweat beaded from the Lieutenant’s thick beard as he penned the famous last dispatch - “Be Quick. Bring pacs.” - before handing it to John Martin, a young bugler attached on orderly service to Custer’s column that very morning. While Custer and his command rode to their fate, Martin raced back on their trail to find the remaining Seventh Cavalry companies under the command of Captain Frederick Benteen. Although the Indian warriors quickly overwhelmed and annihilated Custer’s column, Martin survived and lived on another forty-six years. The history books, aided by journalists, would remember John Martin as “Survivor of the Custer Massacre” and the “last white man to see Custer alive.” Yet the story of John Martin neither begins nor ends with the Little Big Horn. -
The Case for a Custer Battalion Survivor: Private Gustave Korn's Story
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Faculty Publications 2013 The aC se for a Custer Battalion Survivor: Private Gustave Korn's Story Albert Winkler Brigham Young University - Provo, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub Part of the Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Original Publication Citation Winkler, A. (2013). The case for a Custer Battalion survivor: Private Gustave Korn’s story. Montana: The aM gazine of Western History, 63(1), 45-55, 94-95. BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Winkler, Albert, "The asC e for a Custer Battalion Survivor: Private Gustave Korn's Story" (2013). All Faculty Publications. 1854. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1854 This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Case for a Custer Battalion Survivor PRIVATE GusTAVE KoRN's STORY by Albert Winkler While nearly all of the accounts of men who claimed to be survivors from Custer's column at the Battle of the Little Bighorn are fictitious, Gustave Korn's story is supported by contemporary records. Korn was one of the troopers who later cared for Captain Miles Keogh's Comanche, the famous horse found alive after the battle. Korn and Comanche are pictured here at Fort Abraham Lincoln in June 1877. 45 NE OF THE MOST intriguing aspects of the Battle of the Little Bighorn is the mys tery Osurrounding George Armstrong Custer's battalion and the five companies m it. -
At the Flood
CHAPTER 1 At the Flood igh up in his fl oating tower, Captain Grant Marsh guided the riverboat Far West toward Fort Lincoln, the home of Lieuten- ant Colonel George Armstrong Custer and the U.S. Army’s Seventh Cavalry. This was Marsh’s fi rst trip up the Missouri since the ice and snow had closed the river the previous fall, and Hlike any good pilot he was carefully studying how the waterway had changed. Every year, the Missouri—at almost three thousand miles the lon- gest river in the United States—reinvented itself. Swollen by spring rain and snowmelt, the Missouri wriggled and squirmed like an overloaded fi re hose, blasting away tons of bottomland and, with it, grove after grove of cottonwood trees. By May, the river was studded with partially sunken cottonwoods, their sodden root-balls planted fi rmly in the mud, their water-laved trunks angled downriver like spears. Nothing could punch a hole in the bottom of a wooden steamboat like the submerged tip of a cottonwood tree. Whereas the average life span of a seagoing vessel was twenty years, a Missouri riverboat was lucky to last fi ve. Rivers were the arteries, veins, and capillaries of the northern plains, the lifelines upon which all living things depended. Rivers determined 1 0001-470_PGI_Last_Stand.indd01-470_PGI_Last_Stand.indd 1 33/4/10/4/10 110:37:400:37:40 AMAM 2 · THE LAST STAND · the annual migration route of the buffalo herds, and it was the buf- falo that governed the seasonal movements of the Indians. -
Investigating the Oxbows and Testing Metal Detector Efficiency at Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, Montana
Investigating the Oxbows and Testing Metal Detector Efficiency at Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, Montana By Douglas D. Scott Report completed in partial compliance with Purchase Order R1380109202 Lincoln, Nebraska September 2010 Executive Summary The oxbow inventory found no archeological materials predating the late nineteenth century in any of the three oxbows within the Custer battlefield area. All late nineteenth and early twentieth century artifacts were found on relatively stable landforms near the mouths of ravines or just below the steep slopes of the main battlefield. Dense vegetation prevented intensive metal detecting of the actual oxbows, but where opportunistic sampling did occur only artifacts dating to the mid to late twentieth century were found, and those usually buried between 25 and 30cm. The river bank was also visually inspected where it was accessible and visible. No culturally deposited soil strata were observed. The soil depositional sequence observed in the river bank appeared to be water laid deposits. This suggests that modern sedimentation associated with periodic modern flooding of the floodplain has scoured out the 1876 period surface or buried the 1876 era level well beyond the potential level of metal detecting capability of either VLF or PI metal detectors. A preliminary assessment of various historic maps was conducted to determine which may be the most reliable in depicting the 1876 river channel. The method involved georeferencing the historic maps to the modern topographic and aerial photography and establishing a root mean square error calculation. This objective analysis was coupled with a subjective analysis of the river channel and terrain features depicted on the subject map.