Transitions Between C3 and CAM in the Agavoideae (Asparagaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Transitions Between C3 and CAM in the Agavoideae (Asparagaceae)

Karolina Heyduk and Jim Leebens-Mack Department of Plant Biology, UGA C4 and CAM Plant Biology Symposium August 2013 ~640 species, Agave and Yucca comprise half Taxa have worldwide distribution APGIII Historically, assumed to be an all-CAM clade . Park Nobel Evidence for CAM: P. Nobel 1988 Mesic Xeric Agavoideae Intermediate Michael McKain 2012, Dissertation, UGA Understand the number of gains or losses of CAM How has CAM contributed to species diversity? Can we use the Agavoideae as a tool to understand the transition from C3 to CAM? Focus has been on Agave and Yucca Imperfect resolution within genera despite their importance in this subfamily Duplications/ploidy complicate inference McKain et al. 2012 Utilizes a large number of loci Takes into account gene tree incongruence . Hybridization . Gene duplication/loss . Deep coalescence A B C A B C A B C RNA baits designed complementary to 910 single copy loci (in 10 plant genomes) Adjacent intron sequence also captured RNA baits Exon Intron Intron Sequenced on a Distribution of number of taxa per gene 35 HiSeq, PE 100 Ignored for Missing data due 30 Combined de-novo phylogenetics to duplicate 25 copies of genes and reference 20 based assembly 15 10 98 genes, 23 Number of genes 5 species 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 Number of taxa Filtered Contigs with exon Genes Exon cov. Intron cov. reads sequence Max. cov: 862,742 1733 557 92.76 29.09 Min. cov: 1,593,568 745 449 18.97 5.66 Average 5,761,427 986 424 44.56 14.76 112,073 bp aligned 5,690 informative sites All 98 genes combined ML tree estimated Generated from 98 genes Each gene had ML tree estimate Use of carbon isotopes as a proxy for C3 vs. CAM Currently sparse sampling across the family Future directions for isotopes: . More dense sampling within Agave and Yucca Yucca currently indicates phylogenetic signal for CAM and C3 species C13 isotope ratio in Yucca subgenera Chaenocarpa Sarcocarpa -30.00 -25.00 -20.00 -15.00 -10.00 Unique hybrid system between C3 (Y. filamentosa) and CAM (Y. aloifolia) parents Offspring considered intermediate or facultative (Y. gloriosa) C13 ratios between Y. filamentosa, Y. aloifolia, and Y. gloriosa Series1Y. gloriosa Y. aloifolia Y. filamentosa -30.00 -28.00 -26.00 -24.00 -22.00 -20.00 -18.00 -16.00 Investigate genetic basis for evolution of CAM Use clonal offshoots – 1 under drought, 1 well- watered >6 pairs for all three species from region of sympatry Y. aloifolia Y. gloriosa Y. filamentosa Drought treated for ~2-3 weeks Assays for day/night transpiration and titratable leaf acidity Multiple samples during the drought period taken for RNAseq Potentially 3 origins of CAM within the subfamily Expand phylogeny to include better sampling within genera Likewise, expansion of isotope sampling is underway Analyze key photosynthetic genes RNAseq experiment will examine what occurs during transition to CAM Jim Leebens-Mack Lisa Donovan Michael McKain Jeremy Rentsch Olle Pellmyr Desert Botanical Garden Herbarium . Wendy Hodgson Funding from NSF and UGA Department of Plant Biology Palfrey Award .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
[Show full text]
Complete Chloroplast Genomes Shed Light on Phylogenetic
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Complete chloroplast genomes shed light on phylogenetic relationships, divergence time, and biogeography of Allioideae (Amaryllidaceae) Ju Namgung1,4, Hoang Dang Khoa Do1,2,4, Changkyun Kim1, Hyeok Jae Choi3 & Joo‑Hwan Kim1* Allioideae includes economically important bulb crops such as garlic, onion, leeks, and some ornamental plants in Amaryllidaceae. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequences of 17 species of Allioideae, fve of Amaryllidoideae, and one of Agapanthoideae. These cpDNA sequences represent 80 protein‑coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes, and range from 151,808 to 159,998 bp in length. Loss and pseudogenization of multiple genes (i.e., rps2, infA, and rpl22) appear to have occurred multiple times during the evolution of Alloideae. Additionally, eight mutation hotspots, including rps15-ycf1, rps16-trnQ-UUG, petG-trnW-CCA , psbA upstream, rpl32- trnL-UAG , ycf1, rpl22, matK, and ndhF, were identifed in the studied Allium species. Additionally, we present the frst phylogenomic analysis among the four tribes of Allioideae based on 74 cpDNA coding regions of 21 species of Allioideae, fve species of Amaryllidoideae, one species of Agapanthoideae, and fve species representing selected members of Asparagales. Our molecular phylogenomic results strongly support the monophyly of Allioideae, which is sister to Amaryllioideae. Within Allioideae, Tulbaghieae was sister to Gilliesieae‑Leucocoryneae whereas Allieae was sister to the clade of Tulbaghieae‑ Gilliesieae‑Leucocoryneae. Molecular dating analyses revealed the crown age of Allioideae in the Eocene (40.1 mya) followed by diferentiation of Allieae in the early Miocene (21.3 mya). The split of Gilliesieae from Leucocoryneae was estimated at 16.5 mya.
[Show full text]
Dyuhei Sato Division of Genetics, Bot. Inst. Faculty of Science, Tokyo
ANALYSIS OF THE KARYOTYPES IN YUCCA, A GA VE AND THE RELATED GENERA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PHYLOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCEI~ Dyuhei SATo Divisionof Genetics, Bot. Inst. Faculty of Science, Tokyo Imperial University McKelvey and Sax (2933) have called attention to the existence of taxonomic and cytological similarities of the genera Yucca, Hesperoyucca, Gleistvucca,Hesperoaloe and Samuela of the Liliaceae with the genera Agave and Fourcroya which belong to a related family, Amaryllidaceae. Wh.itaker (1934) also has reported that Polianhes and Fourcroya have exactly the same chromosome constitution as the Yucca-Abave karyotype (5 long and 25 short chromosomes) (Figs. 1, 2). These observations when considered in respect to taxonomic resemblances, seem to indicate that the genera mentioned above are more closely related than it is shown by their classifica- tion into distinct families. Whitaker also has remarked that Dasylirion (2n=38) and ATolina(2n=36) in Yucceae and Doryanthes (2n=36) in Agavoideae are of different karyotypes from the Yucca-Agave type. In the present work an analysis of the karyotypes in Liliaceous plants has been attempted and several karyotypes have been found in Scilloideae. Eucornis and Carassia have been selected with the purpose of discovering a possible connecting link between these genera and the Yucca-Agave group. In the present paper an analysis of the karyotypes of the following species is given. LILIACEAE Scilloideae 211 Fig. Euconis undulata 60=8L+8M+44S (4b)2) 3 Euconsispallidi ora 60=8L+8M+44S (4b) 4 Eucomispunctata 60=8L±8M+44S (4b) 5 Camassiaescrema 30=6L+24S (2b) 6 Yucceae Yuccafilamentosa 30 60=1OL+50S (2b) 1, 7 Yuccarecurvifolia 30 60=1OL+50S (2b) 2, 8 Yuccaaloifolia 60=1OL+50S (2b) 9 „ var.
[Show full text]
Agave Americana and Furcraea Andina: Key Species to Andean Cultures in Ecuador
Ethnobotany Agave americana and Furcraea andina: Key Species to Andean Cultures in Ecuador LUCÍA DE LA TORRE1*, IAN CUMMINS2, AND ELIOT LOGAN-HINES2 Botanical Sciences 96 (2): 246-266, 2018 Abstract Background: The rich Agaveae-based culture that exists in the Ecuadorian Andes is little known. Wild DOI: 10.17129/botsci.1813 and cultivated rosettes of Agave americana and Furcraea andina coexist in arid Andean landscapes. A. americana is considered an introduced species to Ecuador. Received: Questions: What are Agaveae use patterns and cultural importance in the Ecuadorian Andes? Is the ethno- December 19th, 2017 Accepted: botanical significance of Agave in Ecuador comparable to that in Mexico and other Andean countries? Agave americana, Furcraea andina March 12th, 2018 Species studied: Associated editor: Study site, dates: Ecuadorian Andes, 2016. Salvadro Arias Methods: Semi-structured interviews to Agaveae users (37) and a review of literature on ethnobotanical research conducted in Ecuador since the 18th century. Results: A. americana is more diversely and widely used than F. andina (124 vs 36 uses and 548 vs 140 use records, respectively). The versatility of A. americana lies in its mishki (sap extracted from its heart) which has multiple medicinal, edible and ceremonial applications. We found significant variation of its use patterns throughout the region. The main use of F. andina as a source of fiber is disappearing. Most productive initiatives involve A. americana (92 %, n = 53). Conclusion: The importance of A. americana in the Ecuadorian Andes is comparable to that of agaves in Mexico, but not to its importance in other Andean countries where it is used sporadically.
[Show full text]
TAXON:Yucca Gloriosa L. SCORE:11.0 RATING:High Risk
TAXON: Yucca gloriosa L. SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Yucca gloriosa L. Family: Asparagaceae Common Name(s): palmlilja Synonym(s): Yucca acuminata Sweet Spanish dagger Yucca acutifolia Truff. Yucca ellacombei Baker Yucca ensifolia Groenl. Yucca integerrima Stokes Yucca obliqua Haw. Yucca patens André Yucca plicata (Carrière) K.Koch Yucca plicatilis K.Koch Yucca pruinosa Baker Yucca tortulata Baker Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 15 Nov 2017 WRA Score: 11.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Naturalized, Weedy Succulent, Spine-tipped Leaves, Moth-pollinated Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Intermediate tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 y Creation Date: 15 Nov 2017 (Yucca gloriosa L.) Page 1 of 21 TAXON: Yucca gloriosa L.
[Show full text]
Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes
Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes Shichao Chen1., Dong-Kap Kim2., Mark W. Chase3, Joo-Hwan Kim4* 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 2 Division of Forest Resource Conservation, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Gyeonggi- do, Korea, 3 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Abstract Phylogenetic analysis aims to produce a bifurcating tree, which disregards conflicting signals and displays only those that are present in a large proportion of the data. However, any character (or tree) conflict in a dataset allows the exploration of support for various evolutionary hypotheses. Although data-display network approaches exist, biologists cannot easily and routinely use them to compute rooted phylogenetic networks on real datasets containing hundreds of taxa. Here, we constructed an original neighbour-net for a large dataset of Asparagales to highlight the aspects of the resulting network that will be important for interpreting phylogeny. The analyses were largely conducted with new data collected for the same loci as in previous studies, but from different species accessions and greater sampling in many cases than in published analyses. The network tree summarised the majority data pattern in the characters of plastid sequences before tree building, which largely confirmed the currently recognised phylogenetic relationships. Most conflicting signals are at the base of each group along the Asparagales backbone, which helps us to establish the expectancy and advance our understanding of some difficult taxa relationships and their phylogeny.
[Show full text]
Ecology and Evolution of Southeastern United States Yucca Species
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES YUCCA SPECIES by JEREMY DANIEL RENTSCH (Under the Direction of JIM LEEBENS-MACK) ABSTRACT The genus Yucca contains approximately 40 species with most diversity found in Mexico and the southwestern United States. The southeastern United States is home to three well- described yucca species: the fleshy-fruited Y. aloifolia, the capsular-fruited Y. filamentosa, and Y. gloriosa – with a fruit type that does not follow convention. Yucca species are perhaps best known for the obligate pollination mutualism they share with moths in the genera Tegeticula and Parategeticula. Such interactions are thought to be highly specialized, restricting gene flow between species and even make evolutionary reversions to generalist life history characterizes impossible. Here, we show that Y. gloriosa is an intersectional, homploid, hybrid species produced by the crossing of Y. aloifolia and Y. filamentosa. We go on to show that Y. aloifolia has escaped from the obligate pollination mutualism and is being pollinated diurnally by the introduced European honey bee, Apis mellifera – an observation that directly refutes the idea that highly specialized species interactions lead to evolutionary dead ends. Finally, we utilized high throughput sequencing a biotinylated probe set in order to sequence many genes of interest in Y. aloifolia, laying the ground work to better understand its introduction history and pattern of pollinator association. INDEX WORDS: Yucca, hybrid speciation, population genetics, obligate mutualism ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES YUCCA SPECIES by JEREMY DANIEL RENTSCH BS, Kent State University, 2007 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ATHENS, GEORGIA 2013 © 2013 Jeremy D.
[Show full text]
Brad.N39.2021.A23
Additional species of Agave (Agavoideae/Agavaceae, Asparagaceae sensu lat.) introduced and naturalising in Tunisia and North Africa Authors: Mokni, Ridha El, and Verloove, Filip Source: Bradleya, 2021(39) : 221-235 Published By: British Cactus and Succulent Society URL: https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a23 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Bradleya on 18 Jun 2021 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Botanic Garden Meise Bradleya 39/2021 pages 221–235 Additional species of Agave (Agavoideae /Agavaceae, Asparagaceae sensu lat.) introduced and naturalising in Tunisia and North Africa Ridha El Mokni1,2,3 and Filip Verloove4 1. University of Monastir, Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Avenue Avicenna, 5000-Monastir, Tunisia. (email: [email protected]) 2.University of Jendouba, Laboratory of Silvo-Pastoral Resources, Silvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, B P.
[Show full text]
2020 MSU Horticulture Gardens Houseplant and Succulent Sale - Tentative Inventory
2020 MSU Horticulture Gardens Houseplant and Succulent Sale - Tentative Inventory Scroll Down for Cacti and Foliage Plants All Prices- To Be Determined Item Code Quantity Pot Size Genus species Common Name Family Light Water Category SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS ADRO001 4" to 4.5" Adromischus cristatus 'Key Lime Pie' Crinkle-leaf Plant Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON001 15 4" Aeonium arborescens ' Tip Top' Dwarf Tree Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON002 10 4" Aeonium atropurpureum Purple Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON003 4" Aeonium castello-paivae variegata 'Suncup' Suncup Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON004 30 4" Aeonium haworthii 'Kiwi' Haworth's Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON005 15 4" Aeonium hybrid 'Stripe' Stripe Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AGAV001 3 4" Agave geminiflora Twin flowered Agave Agavoideae High Low Succulent AGAV002 43 4.5" Agave gypsophyla 'Ivory Curls' Ivory Curls Century Plant Agavoideae High Low Succulent AGAV003 39 3.5" to 4" Agave victoriae-reginae 'Porcupine' Queen Victoria Agave Agavoideae High Low Succulent AGAV004 64 4.5" Agave xylonacantha 'Frostbite' Frostbite Century Plant Agavoideae High Low Succulent ALBU001 14 6" Albuca bracteata Pregnant Onion Asparagaceae High Low Succulent ALBU002 36 4" Albuca bracteata Pregnant Onion Asparagaceae High Low Succulent ALOE001 33 4" Aloe aristata Lace Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE002 26 4" Aloe ciliaris Climbing Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE003 20 4" Aloe hybrid 'Minnie Belle' Hybrid Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE004 37 4" Aloe hybrid 'Pink Blush' Pink Blush Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE005 3 6" Aloe hybrid 'T.
[Show full text]
The Agavaceae: Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Appraisal
Journal of Experimental Sciences Vol. 2, Issue 3, Pages 20-24 [2011] www.jexpsciences.com Regular Article The Agavaceae: Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Appraisal D.A.Patil1* and R.M.Pai2 1P.G. Department of Botany, S.S.V.P.Sanstha’s L.K.Dr.P.R.Ghogrey Science College, Dhule – 424005 (M.S.) India; 2Charanamrut’; 24, Swanand Nagar, Aurangabad-431005. (M.S.) India Doryantheae (Doryanthes) of the family Agavaceae. Traub (1975) ABSTRACT: A comparative assessment of the Agavaceae from the categorizes the genera into five tribes-Agaveae (Agave, Furcraea, standpoint of taxonomy and phylogeny is attempted in the light of Bravoa, Beschorneria), Yucceae (Yucca, Hesperoyucca, Cleistoyucca, different disciplines of morphology. The agavoids are apparently a Samuela, Hesperaloe), Hosteae (Hosta), Poliantheae (Polianthes, diverse assemblage, but brought under one roof by important Prochnyanthes, Pseudobravoa) and Nolineae (Nolina, Calibenus, phyletic parameters such as karyomorphology, stomatal nature, Dasylirion) under the family Agavaceae. He includes the genus pollen structure, perianth anatomy and androecial morphology, etc. Hosta under a separate tribe Hosteae under Agavaceae. He is of Polyphylesis is evident in the evolution of the group. The agavoids the opinion that the tribes Draceeneae and Phormieae are seem to have arisen from ancient liliaceous stocks. They do not ‘problematic elements’. appear to be the progenitors of any of the higher data of petaloid It is only in the Hutchinson’s scheme (1973) that the genera find monocotyledons. The present authors are inclined to treat the treatment in one composite family Agavaceae under six tribes, e.g., agavoids best under four distinct taxonomic entities viz., Agaveae, Yucceae, Dracaeneae, Phormieae, Nolineae, Agaveae and Phormieae, Doryantheae and Dracaeneae under the Agavaceae.
[Show full text]
Dracaena; Asparagaceae) Resolves A
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.421016; this version posted January 5, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Plastid phylogenomics of the Sansevieria clade (Dracaena; Asparagaceae) resolves a 2 rapid evolutionary radiation 3 4 Iris van Kleinweea, Isabel Larridona,b, Toral Shahb,d, Kenneth Bautersc, Pieter Asselmana, Paul 5 Goetghebeura,e, Frederik Leliaertc, Emily Veltjena,e,* 6 7 a Ghent University, Department of Biology, Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, K.L. 8 Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium 9 b Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK 10 c Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium 11 d Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, Silwood Park Campus, Berks. SL5 7PY, UK 12 e Ghent University, Ghent University Botanical Garden, 9000 Gent, Belgium 13 14 * Corresponding author at: Ghent University, Department of Biology, Systematic and 15 Evolutionary Botany Lab, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium 16 E-mail address: [email protected] (E. Veltjen) 17 18 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.421016; this version posted January 5, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 19 ABSTRACT 20 Sansevierias are a diverse group of flowering plants native to Africa, Madagascar, the 21 Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent, popular outside their native range as low 22 maintenance houseplants.
[Show full text]
Shared Expression of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Genes Predates the Origin of CAM in the Genus Yucca
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/371344; this version posted October 26, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Title: Shared expression of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) genes predates the origin of CAM in the genus Yucca. Karolina Heyduk1 ([email protected]), Jeremy N. Ray1 ([email protected]), Saaravanaraj Ayyampalayam2 ([email protected]), Nida Moledina1 ([email protected]), Anne Borland ([email protected]) 3, Scott A. Harding4,5 ([email protected]), Chung-Jui Tsai4,5 ([email protected]), Jim Leebens-Mack1 ([email protected]). Corresponding author: Karolina Heyduk ([email protected], Ph: +1-813-260-0659) 1 –Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA 2 – Georgia Advanced Computing Resource Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA 3 – School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom 4 – Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA 5 – Warnell School of Forestry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA Date of submission: 19/10/2018 Number of tables: 0 Number of figures: 7 Number of supplementary: 9 (5 figures, 4 tables) Word count: 6,484 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/371344; this version posted October 26, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
[Show full text]