PROPOSAL FOR
JUNE P979 SUS1TNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
PROPOSAL FOR
SUPPLEMENTARY SLii3MISSI ON EARTHQUAKE EP:GlfiSEER iNG
JUNE I979 The contents of -this pr~posaharepr~v%'ded -far tile sot e use OF the State of Alaska, the Alaska Pob~er Authority, a~dsuch other agerats of the A3 aska Pokier Authorl-ity as may be designated to i-evieitf aarrd evsnl uate its cont2ntsI Pin~prieta~yinfi)rmdtion IS eontc;ined heref no Unauthovs"zed reprsducta'on or disclosure of the contents, in k~5alecr in part, do ,ny individual or organization other than thosc specified, wi"th~lit the express approval of an sfF!cer of Acres h~erican,is strtctly prohibited, ALASKA POWER AURW09ITY --SUSTTNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
TABLE OF CONTENTS SUPPLEMENTARY SUBMISSION - EARVHQU,\KE ENGINEER 1NG
1, I NTR9DUCT ICN
2, ACEES AMERICAN CAPABILITIES
3, R&M CONSULTANTS CAPABILITIES
4. 14OOBWARD-CLYDE CONSULTANTS CAPABILITIES This document is a sugpl ementary submi ssion to the Acres-R&M-Elsul iu-SES proposal ts Alaska Power AuChori.tS, Far the Sess"nna Hydroelectl-i Project- The pukepose af- the skabm-jssion is to provide add-itkona'! dem~nstratkionof the capabjl l"", of Fhhe WRMT group in earthquake engineering and design of major projects 9" n sei smical7y act";e ereas To rtre~gdhenthe e~rpertise availabl e ts the group in earthquake enqgineerl'ng, the sbpport sei~vicesof Wss&,~at-d-ClydeConsultants Inc. have beer added $a the group on a ncn- exclusive bas -!s , Section 2 of this i;ubn-r"ssisn deals w-idh the capabill"&Ses of Acres in seismic work, Section 3 wfth R&M and Section 4 with Woodward-C%y(ie Csn- sul%?nts. These thtree members of the group bring to the Sms'tna Project a stk-sng team o.F expert-lse jointly capable of' hand7 iny a1 1 kispeclts of seismic design of major engineei-ing s tr~etures, particrr'l arly in f:he A? as kan env i ronment , 2, ACRES AMERICAN--- CAPABILITIES Acms has been $nvolred with several projects 'iocated in high-risk earthquake nones. Acres experience ranges from the chs7lectl"an sf seismic dal;a, skate- mekit of the problem, de"Lermi natr'r;asl a-F earthquake effects on f6u~d;ttion materials and earth structures, 1abimratory testing &sf dynamic progiei-tf es of the materials, and earthquake stability analysis both pseudnstati c and 4ynami c for design of structures including dams, pawrhouses, spi 1 l~jaysand sd;*ucturaf but ldings, A few of the recent prajects are ~cst"Ba"nedals fol IOWS, I KPONG HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT GHANA 1976-g~nesentlyunder construeti on
Acres
Kpeng Hydroelectrtc Project 5s located in a high earthquake rSsk zalze, $Re pmject consi s ts broad9 y sf cens~etestructures, a't7c"Pding a powei-house, a spillwqv kunrded @n bedrock, and an earth-fin dam and dikes approximately 4 miles long founded on f10odp"taa"pt sol1 deposits, di seismicfty stu@jwas carried out by Acres which led $0 consideratiofi of an earthquake tqitk Q,25 g acceleration in design, Dynaml'c analysis usfng the response spectrum techniques was utiRxed to cal cu'fate sejsmic loads 1nduced on &Re PQIJ~B~~QUS~ and spi l4wv structu~s, The enPpgy of design earthquake was accounted for In the stabilr"ty agalysfs for the eartn structure by appl isation of a constant horizontal accelera%%on ts tlhe cr.a""%s"cals"%atjs failurta concE.Stfon, The djkes are founded an fIoodp%a3n depasa"@s(apprsximatev 192 m thick) csniiistl"ng s?'F s ,lty c"8y underlatr, by loose sands, The foundation was analyzed for its ssdscep%a"bl"lity $0 liquefaction for postulated ground motion by ealcu%a%ionof cyclle shear stress ratio and correlating it to the relative density OF unde~lyingloose sands as determined Prom standard penetration resistance in several boreholes. The bbooratsry tests carrfea o~aton the foundation materdals lncl uded "Lfaxlal load tests Lo sjmulate dynamfs: stress condi ticrns, / GREAT CANADIAN OIL SANDS SLUDGE POFiD FORT Filebllf Riasly, ALBERT4 BYNAMIC TESTS AHbf EARTHQUAKE ANAL'ISI S
I The stu& included establishing the ground motions wh'ich could be i~nducedby ,,r an earthquake bn the area and cfeterminata'on af time-de~end-t~t shearing ! stresses in a sludge pond under a random excitation produced by the earth- quake, The var%"a%isnof &nama"s: shear stmsses within the sludge plond ~lth depth by the earthquake agatnst time was analyzed, T&? total height of the dike surraund-;nq the pond was 250 ft, The %a%a~*a$orytest% carried out +o determfne the &naml"c propert'a"es sf the sludge materSa9 4ncIezded cyclic axial load tests to sl"fnulate Qna117jcstress conbjtions and detcm!t~z%Ionof 1ts esceptib"i%ity $a faihure asad torsi"ana1 vjDrata^on tests to measure its defsrmats'saa nodul~asdur.ing cbnarwtc !raadim~g, %926-p~sentlyunder construction
Acres Shawi nigan Limited
The project involved the study cf the seismici t). of a transmission l!rie route some 530 miles long and earthquake stability analysis for the design o-f transmission lowers. The faundation condi 'i~n-and earthquake load5n~lsalong " the transms"ssion route are illghly v; ,i-c3~ 'tin9 P'R variable horia:ontaH and iferlical accelerations, Bsruca Hydreekec'trSc PwJect is IocatecP -in a high earthquake ~$58:26ne in Costa Rica, The project consists sf an tX°)O-ft hfgh rock-f-n"H ddan~ and concmte structures, incl bading powerhouse and a spi 9 %\.ray, Wo~dsfirard-Cfyde conskaltants alee involved with defining of t?~emaximum c~d"P"b2eea~thquake and establs"s919ng of er%'tica"ggrsllgndmotion rharacteristf cs, The detajled avsa'!ys$s and evaluatjon for an earthquake is being studs'ed by the csnssrs-tia;m, eompt4fsa^ngcalculation of static stress fn the embankment prlar $10 the occurpence sf an earthquake and of stresscs induced due $0 pastulated seSsm?c eve!?& by linear f.a"nr"deelements method of analysis and further ev~aluationof the stabdliity of the embankment during and at dhdo selected ttme 4r~tervals after the postulated earthquake event. The zeismic analysis carried ouL shall be reviewed by DP, He Seed and Qr, Re Peck, HOT SPRINGS, ARMNSAS / T'iiilRGS DISPOSAL DM i
Acres
1 The Hot Springs Tailings Dam Project int;olved the raising of an exfsting tai lings dam to provi de adequate pan5 storage capaci ty far maximum probable floed condf tion. Since the embankment is cons"Lrual@edprjmari ly af mine tailings, an evaluation was made ef the liquefaction potential of $ha dam durl ng earthquake can4S %ions, This portion of the ~~oS.CC%consisted of determfning the design earthquake and conduct1 ng careful standard pea?etraQ"l"o tees tc ~n the ex3 sti ng embanknlent to use in a corelation with the liquefaction potential using the method by Seed and ldrfss (1971), A direct result of "cis ana%ys%'swas to provs"de :n the design provs"sl"or-t For adequate tnternal drafb~ageto provide greater- ef-Fecti ve over$ wrden stress and thus reduce 1iquefac-ti on potentfa % under the design earthquake, Stabilit*y analysis sf the dam was conducted tirs%ng pseudostati e analysis. URAVAN, COLORADO / TAILINGS DISPOSAL EMBANKMENTS Cur~.entl,~in progress
Acres
consis ;: cf ex.l"sⅈtgtaf lings pule tt hhrfghts rid aver 150 feet Bs uf lhmat;efy determf ne nne;i?s ef stabi IS zing the piles under earthquake loading, W preibahi l isti c apprha~i!LO ear-tir~uakemagmi tude has been conducted by ot!?e!rs ancl &ese desfgr8 vval ues \.ri"a "a ututi zed to pericmf stabllf ", v.,r?;a"fysisof the $a i I ings embankments, Saudilern A"l&ka is in one of t53e world% sos".,'active seismjc regjons, Large earthqi~akesare common. For exanpt e, the 3an-g";st recorded earth- quake s"n Nortii America, the Great &lark3 Earthqlnake of 1964 with a mag- wi tude of 8-4-8.5, was centered in the Prince Mif T iam Sound area of Southcentral Ahask?. FI.ope~*dydamage and vi sibl e ground mcvement were extensive PJer a large area of the slate. Due ts the potential occurrecce sf large nagnituee earthquakes in southern Alaska, sei smf c anal ys~smust be igc f ubed in engineeri~gstud3 2% and designs far many majcr faci7 ities, R&M Consul $ants, Inc,, k~asper- formed several detailed seismic analyses for a -1ariety of projects. Analyses have vtnr-ied in detail rrorn seismologs'cafii~terpa-edstionto preda"ct.";anof qrocdnd response for various earti~quakemagmi,tudes and structural response sipectr~ma~a7 ysis, Special foundation de2a"gns are COEIIK.?~~y r@co~:haierder!based on this design data, A representative 7 ist- ing of projects on which R&M has performed varying degrees af both static and dyt1am3ic seismic analysis includes the fo1'laws"ng:
Peterson Powers (high rise office bui 7 ding) ; Anchorage, Aias!:a, I
Geologic Material s and Mazavds ~nalysis,Proposed Nev~ gal +-Cat Sf$@; Nil low, Alasks, I Cockslope Design, Dewateri ng, Reanforcement, Val dez Pipet in@ -jeminal; !laldez, Alaska,
Municipal Light and Tckqsr 1.1 5 KV Swi tchyat*ds ; Anchorage, Alaska, EIi Seismic Risk Analysis, Seward Marine Share Station; Seward, Alas/iz, 1 Inkol vemen %s on $hi s varied p~oject profi l e kve deliions trated R&M3 s capcbi 7 l" lies to exbend s ta te-of -the-a$.@ approaches ti-rrouqh innsl~vative design so'intfcr!c For example, rat the 5eh.rdr.d !b!a~-ine Skstll-e Station a 1 probabil i ty study of seisn-ric risk far permanent slope alsg~laceancntwas I providepi, ctnd as a portion of the deqign packag~for the Milnicipalityks 14 l f 5 KV swi tchyi:rc;is, a response spec kra dl~alysis was prelia~-ed hhi s i analj/sis has been "9"ncoraporated into a set ~b"seismic design critea~iafar 1 the b!uaq.r"c; pal i ty k ffutilrd use. ior>zin~ie?dR8i4 i la\so ~deiireilt vqitt7 xhe ger,r- I "Leciribit t:algi neei- ing efforts frii the FlortB~west AS askan Szs Pipel irie Bias kept tie coioparly abreast of qeh se i.;!nii a13aIys-i~develapments and .ppl i- 1 cattons, X i ge~techfiica?data nas theit used in the design.~fPsrtto produce an axtremel y consrrvat ive design for the racks1 opes and their re; nforcem !nt, such that the rackslopes wotr7d be stable during the design cantifigel?cy earthquake (0.6 q f ateval acceleratian). A co~servativedesign 53 1 required because of the height of the rockslopes (up to 238 feet) a~d the'iir p~oximityto vital iae51ities of -the terminal complex. Far the proposed new State Capit&?at Willow, the fie?d investigation, performed for the Capital Site Planning csmission, &as part of an investigation wllich applied the techniques of terrain unit analysis to i I a 100 square mile area. These procedures a1 lawed the csllectisn of considcrab; e geo ~eehnicaldat~ lo be used for envi ronnjen tal assessment of the Cah;+tal Site Prtr evaluation of geologic materials hazards. A Cjaal derivative map was developed to describe the -type and severity of i~arSousgeologic haza!*ds. Hazards documented included permafro:$ thaw- sett7 enent, settlement, , ope slabil idy, s~ismfegra~nd shaking, seismic gi~our:d r^rtlctura'ng, and se-i sm-i c 1 l'quehac-tion. The ground fracturing haza+ is related to the Castle fifountain Fault in the area near the Little Susitna River at the east end of the capita7 site, A slatistieal study sf tile seisniciQ of the capftal sife a.ras perfarmed and the Frequeqcy sf ocer;t-rence of eartkqi~dkesof various magnitudes was aka predicted, Qne cot~cltisianre8~he.l was that the capital site is in a somewi??%less seisml"ca71; active area than ei tkez- Fa il-banks ar AuscI~earage~ \4cfaelwarcl-Clyde Consul tirnts has been operating in Al aska for over .!:en years and have amassed a consjderable data base on geolog.iica1 and gestecE-znical condi tioi?s, fad ting and s@ism-ic-i ty of the Anchgrage and rai % -be1 4: areas. The data base has been developed from sevgral major faulting studies, seismicity evaluation om" large areas of Alaska, majar gc3slogl"ca'I aind geotechnical participation on the tran~-~Alitskap.e"pef ine and the prn~aosed northwest gas pipe1 in^, and four sitc specific studies. In addition, \doadward--Clyde bring to the Susitna Project consideraible seismic and earthquake engineering expert'ce i n connect'isn s.si th mai jar dam and power projects ir-a sei smical ly active areas. f he Wood\i;ard-G?ycle team will be led by Dr, Don Tocher, a leading alathor?ity on the se-r"smiessfe.ty aspects o i sites for large engineered structures. ejlr.iefdescriptions of some Alaskan projects invnsb vin~earethqirake clngineer- ing recently undertaken by WCG are ps-esenkd osr, %he follswir-og gagc!s, together with resumes of key WCC personnel. mXES'Xli PIPELINE EXPERIENCE
Project: Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline Systun
Client: Afyeska Pipeline Service Company
Location: Prudhae Bay to Valdez, Alaska
Assiqmerlt: Geoteehnicab Engineering Ccnsultfncg Services
General Statement - Woodward-Clyde Consultant personnel participaited very widely in the extensive gestechnical erlgineer ing eff or$: associatef3 with tile cans-Alaska pipeli~teproject. Our involvement covasd * the ear;y conceptual studies and government submittals
* the main design phase
a the paecsnsWuction and censb-~ctionphases preparation for pipeline operation. From Februar:? sf 1971 ta April of ES78, we provided personnel working hand- 5.n-hand with ABysska personnel on engineering tas%ss- Additio,~el.ky,personnel lccated in sun offices perfsmed cn many specific tasks or projects such as &he VSM tests and the earek~dakefault studies. 81% aPons we made laboratory tests on soil smpfes shipped Prom Alaska to our Oakland, California soils E&sra@oq.
T]ar.xr>ughouCthis period we elso participated with Alyesks in preparinlg docurrrsrtta-- tioas for ~Asnittalsand pxesentatis~sto, and discussions wiih, gcvurnimtnt re- view personnel.
The major. idean$i$i;hle technical tasks perfarmed by WCC ;?c-some1 fall in the following categories:
geotcchnic31 data ga the9 i1-q
* pipelj aae consb:uc"bican mode and design ;?spec$s
VSN field tests
ib:repara&ion For p9peline operztion Woodward-Clyde Gons~~f%anPs
e:vaho%iated drilling ana smplipag me*ods to provide.for efficient field opexation, At Valdez we made an offshore subsoil inves tigr=tion ut2.I Lzi ncj a vibratsxy core smplcr in suppart of the design of f2ie ballast water outfall,
Labratory Testing - In rupprt sf the design work, we conducted several I*oratory test prsgrms on samples recovered along fie pipelins, These includd tests to dztexmine thaw s&min due to thasqing of inf tially frozen smples and the shear s%acength sf initialby frozen soil sanp%es during ac9 after saw; the load-displacement- time (czeep) behavior of frozen samples at eonaolked taperatures j~stbelow 32°F; tihe perraeailihty to hot oil tsf eorn&>actdglacial till samples wi~and ~ithcaut bentonite a&ixturc; and the $Rema%eaergy eontent (unfrozen moisture content) of frozen sanples. SevmaP of these 2estiA23prograqs were wiaout precedent and required design of test equipmaat and developnlent of test and ai?alysis techniques.
Thaw Plug Staility - \"a ~sn~estigated the ""thaw plug" s%tcPIniPity aPss~q the pipeline, i,e,, the st&ility of th- zone scrraunding the btaried pipeline or underlying the warkpad of the clevsted pipeline whic11 is sub jeet to Clawing, We esthlished design criteria for "r~aw plug stability, i,ncludj,p,g consideration of earthquake forces: and made mile-by-mile evaluations fox- it. me results of -this evaluation hpacted on cons trucki3n mode selection. An actensive prsgrm 02 fi~3.dmeasurement of pore ~IE-~SSUT-~~Sand sbar stren~ths in devel~~ingthaw bulbs compPmen~edthis effsrt
Thaw SettPe~ent- We participated in evcllluation sf x~ethodsto detemlne C~at.2 settbenen-c of %'f>awingscrils based ox? extensive thaw strain tests, and ma5e mibe-by-mcbe tlaw settlement evaluations for use in determining sont t~ucticn modes,
Cbsr.ns'uuctio;a P4ade Sebleckion - Far the most part , gecatechnical calasider~a- %ions ~~nveuned.Lhe s~iecr..ion of r= 3ns tructiona modes - tonvcrei- icanalky burle3, speciaSPy-- buried, and elevated on VSM bri:ts. Me participated in this seiec- tion bokb in peelininary :z tudlc-s anc3 in ~e,ailed mihe-by-n.ii%e evabu;a;lons,
23uried Pipeline Design - We investlyated soil restraining characteristics (La.twaertaPand longit.u;lirial.) for berlds arad straight secf-ions OE Buried pgsipelj.~l~# 20?r both c~3n~~rrltionzland special b\xrial, de- a$.;o qeraerated miae--by--c.aiBc i~jeotechnicalp;%r,wnefers for use 248 bu~-i~.?dpipeline .J-iesign, and evakuat.c?d 2osyndat,i6:,~1~dc:s igr~for i:!ur i~dmain% ix-ie valvtrs , kVosdbvard~Cfyds Csn!sulPanLs
assmied during design, %?he loadings for .r?he piles were taken from an exist.ing program which produecd the mile-by-mile design for the Aove- gzuund pipe accounting for thermal and structural loaus .
As Bu,il&. Data - Followi3g up the design, computer sgrste~rnswere deve%opetl *aft recorded '"as-buil"TzaD pila data, materials used, and other rc%atz%d;lta. Also a system was set up to record and aid ir. ev;iluatican of data generatted durirrg the hydratesting that. pr sceded the operatiorlal loading of the pipel ine-
Pig-line Brridges - WCC personnel has major respo~lsibifity during the field investigation, design and construction of the foundations for all pipelicc bridges except the Yukon River Bridqe,
Remote Valve Sites - We developed foundation recommendations for the eqig>ment $ui.lding and propane tanks at ail remote gate eaPve sites.
Constxuction Zone Design - WCC personnel participated in devclo2ing initial criter5a far consUucticn zca~lecgra.'ing; 5 .e., need for and extent and dtetails of grading, and deternination of cut and fill ?%opesfor different &awed or frozen ma"reials. $sad~-~-idualeases of grading prsblas were ~vaiuilted,and resollved,
FJSb! 3'icld Tests
\gCC personnel had responsible control uE three generations of VSM field tests fox the project. The first set of tests, cond.t~ctc2in 1970, resulted in 5nitlial design criteria, but also dfii~snseated+that driven WSY tdithout tttermaT1 prt-otc~cticsrswould need Lo be unreasondrsly long, The second set of tests, in 1972, resulted in second-generation criteria and indicated the superioricy of installing VSM in ,,vcrsized prireelril"ed holes and slurrying the annu'lius. The airtl setof VSM tests, in 3.975, confirrrted the tentatively adupwed design criteria for thermal VSM in different soil types. The three sets of tests were i81strurnentaP in the evolution of VS?4 types and design criteria for the project, and resulted in the finally adoptervised laboratr - '" iload tests at the ;iniversity of Zl$ inol s,
WC%:: yeolc_>qisdtsconducted ;I c3titaik~T:sttidy of potei~tial.ac$SS.vt_: Fault di~;~?l~se-- acnts alsrng the pipeline route, Thi~study permitted the pipeline dcsiciners 3:s minimize ,t~\e k-ick from wssible f~rturesurface faultingl By de3.i.n-atin9 I b,cb,d,tc::ntial.Py ;~&:tive fau; ht s, ~NS%i~liat:,inij BStt" astle~rigr:'Ffait9 2. mot. ions, and tigit3:;
L>~X-~I\.specific n;si.peline desirjmn for t.d.laes~.'irm tii>;rk~. .r$c?x"ia$ seconn:. l ir;r;ai= and detailed 2nalysi.s sf aex-ial phoaoqraplmz; were used $0 $.oc;.-atlc,212 Xislc>ar
fe,a iua.c.c ti.;;.. 1 i nc;sii?ezats wii~ichn:iqAt 1 ~L~t~i~tia3ly active- Es.;al.*e~.* Photo -
ctet:il.13gic i!-t~t.t.:rj>rt-*~;iti~~~~~.~.~~~:~~~~it:ti~c.e:i'k'~~cl:~~.~>l~~qy .";t*;kell.hf:c [kzl~%"~)ia::,ii~cr>r, g;>c3;ar i~~i;iiji~)i.ydfld specid l
I .C :;:j ,. f? ,~i.i?l ::X:.I~.C:~~ ;~& X.'" il btp ;;it..! ,: ;..(' rl $'el: LJ~Ie'r- Ird];(: frfi:$l j;faric:i t :j.~! ~;VP,~),~T:~:i c'f &31:y :;i>:*( j '1" . . I 1 of baQsh Va%m%e P for VSFI Construetisn ar,d Volume IT for beliowgrcrund connstruc- tion, Field Engineering - wCe provided personrlef for different field cingineering franctians, ranging from VSE: hole logging to fie16 engineering s~~pervisor. In these capacities +the personnel participated in all levels of field engi- neering work and decision making sn pipchine consbuction. The work of the field engineers included inspecting construction, instructing the csfitsractcr, design change hglenrtentation and field documentation. Office Support for Field Engineering - PI1 through construction, WCC per- sonnel were involved in office support of field engineering activities, inc3-uding review of design changes, dsc~n3encation, goverm~entinterface, s~>'be~ia%field studies, and so forth* The fields for which WCC personnel took ma jar responsibility i rlcluded all i spects of VSF! consbutt ion, beam:- ground pipeline eonstxuctian, and pipeline bridge foundations. Far VS;.f in particular, there was further developnerrt ~f geotechnical desigrl critersa, iqork on Gatcraf laad criteria, updatinc mile-by-mile design, and assistsnue to field engineers in solving VSM installation problazs Fpr belowgrnun3 cons.sr%uctiesn there was review of bend dtxsign a ,d ' -.ve%c?rnent if 0verfIP1 concept far as-built bends with insufficient cover. Maldez Terminal and KA Communication Towers - We r I eld geotcchnical engineering personnel $or the 'Crialdez Terminal and t' KC;, A-~LIP~ ration towcry foundations. At Vabdez we also participated in the evaluation ef rock slop st&ility and e~anhertstability, VSM Reliability Evaluation - The \CCC Decision Anaiysis group made a fault tree araalysis of the failure potential eE elevated pipeline due to settkc- men& sf the VSM- The analysis showed e~trnrn*-':~Br;b~ probability af pip+ k,inkBing due to VSM se,..r.%ernent, Preparation for Pipeline Ooeracion --_ __LI__l___--L___---..... "---dLLL Seenreillance and Monitoring ELfall~~al-- 9x1 9976 lJCC pert-onnel prepared a Geo- 'kechnical Sa~meillaneedrad PIonitsring Planual for the pipeline, pu1rr2 stc3tions and MaBdez Terminal, This xna~~ttaPis being utiihizd by survailial-r.cepessonratl. Maintenance and Repair FMcanuaB - WCC per7 3nnel. par ti 6:ipiste.c~ in prepar inj b4,xinteesiiance and Repaia Manuals Eof g@rl.>teclanic,b%aspects ebaE both nboveg~ound and beIb;~wgr~~~un~sections sf the pipt.3. ir>e~- !dsjor Concepts and ;dcas *--A------L----..------ The pre%*iousparagrsgks high4 icgh t t.hc :,~PC;t- ' .. WC" C~CCO:~IJ:i is\iinc;lt.s 0:) project, FhiB e $$.iesr ,:i~i:~>lnp~j.~lrmen'tr~ wc:~t. \v.i i. ;iP to thi: ,r'r~.~j~"cI.. , .e:.e T: " i 2\yc- th;\t uaii c~is~ltr.if>.rutions "lo hc: pro-ji,ct in the inrnn of c.01;~ :'I! ,! 1, ;lni",c%i,slt, l,8i-i.;' jt.?~l. as sbgraif i.can&,, Sc..vcrsl r.>:i;::.:&)1.p'50" i*h?.-.pa ;;r r Ais;-eb;{'llp - (-L3 brs.1 r~rdr @ W WCIE team developed many of the csnce3y>ts far pipe suppr"trn the early studies for the pipeline, These cnnc~iptsfern the' basis for much a9 the s&ess analysis aP S;P.e pipeline, We foresaw the need for a major field engineering and qdality control effo:rt and documented this wi& various memos to Wlyeska, These rnwx developed into the organizational s%ruc@ureGhat was adopted and to the Fleltd Design Change Manual, the esneept of which was developed by h.?C@ perstonanel WCC introduced the concept of Bkae use of heat pipes for controlling dszgira- datilon of &he pemafrost- The early concept was the use of heat pipes to pernit burial af e;he pipe in high-ice-content soils, This concept did not uorfi; out, however, it progressed to the use sf heat pipes in the VSM wPlfcka became the basic {qesign solution for the elevated pipekine, * WCC promoted the concept of task-oriented organization ratiler than discipline-oriented organization resul ting in a reorgsnizs tion OE the engineering effort wf-iich was sueeessfuI irii camp%etix~~tl?e design of thc pipeline, WCC personnel dsy-selsped the concept of prequalificatisn of manufacturers of the heat pipe adpushed this concept through to successfully deliver heat pipes $0 the project to meek schedule needs, WCC perssranel pawticipat ed in developing nnangr sf the strategies that were adopted in deve%opi~llythe design and ccns"trutian plan and securing approv;al from the Federal agencies. Ws a part of this effort, assistance was pro- vided in dckailcd planning to support the strategies adopt i d, Project: Proposed LNG Plant at Yakutat- Alaska Client:: Pacific Alaska LNG Co. and California Alaska LNG Co- Location: Msat.1"6 Bay - Yaktltat, Alaska Assignment: Prel imi dry 5ite 1nvest.igation A prel .8"miraainy study invol vjng geology, se.r"smology, geophysics, 'oreanographjr, and st:atic and dynawlic geafechnical engineering was performed on a 4OO-acr~! site a,nd "&he surrounding area to determine the feas-ibSl ity fcr a major plarlt site. The site is located on a terminal moraine underlain by outwash deps:;its, Major fai;s%d.r with a history of major earthquakes I.ie w'i thin a radius sf 50 miles from the six. Tsunami effects have been recorded. Sufficient infor- mata"r~rrwas developed to w,%tVranl;eontinired curasideration of tk~sit..@ for the g%anLlocation, Offshclre Geophysics - Boomer, Sparker and S-s"descan Sonar surveys k~er,aeond~icted over aippr~xin~ately2.5 square miIes of the bay to develop batiiymetr-y, estin1at.e thicknesses of various subsurface strata arid to Earthcjuake Engineerhg - Available data were anab_v-.rLla n coi~jur?c"siaut wr" ttl Lhe preliminary design earthquakes to d~atsinppreiirninary design response ip2ccra and to evaluate &he po'tenti51 for grotrr~d inst;ibility such as Tiquefactlor~01- spreadirsg. Sluff s tabi l l" ky at the shorel ine was also evl;?ual;ed. F9;lundiation Engineering - Soil data were e~a-i~aledto establ";h prpliminaa-y design paraiir~eters For plant fsu~dations. Site Selectitan -. Using ~PC,~A"!%S~f the geop~F1yskca3,geologk c, reismo9ogiel, cart!?- quake en91 neer..i rsg and f~~i~ndi,Lior>errga" neeri studies together w% " iecsnciirri c" stuidie2s of gn-a~d"ing and pier COS t~,recsr;unet~da tar? wcjne iili"id~?as to the rr! st suital;ae lsseeltioli of i5e plant bgiti-ait~Lh? s-g,tt3are2 , Project: Praprsed Northwest .A7 askan Gas Pi pel ine Client: Horthwest Alaskan Pipeline Company, and Fluor Engi wleers and Consirucl~rs, Inc. Lac8t.e"on : Priidhoe Bay to AS aska/Y ukon Bordei- Assignment: Geotecknical Engineering Consulting Services S%"nce1977 Woodward-CIS 9e C~r~sultantsBaas been assista'ng the Northb~esEAlaskan Pipeline Company in their geotechnical efforts directed toward construction of the Alaskan portion of the Alaska Highway gas pipeline from Prudhae Bay to the U. S, Mid~estand West. Our work has included the follswing major tasks: Monitoring and evaluation sf blasting tests Gestechnical and environmental data review Enversnmental udview of access routes and realignments Fault study a Laboratol-y testing sf sail samples These tasks are descri Sed in the fo7 20wi ng paragt-aphs , &brood~~ard-Cly$eConsultants moni Lored a series of trench bl as$ tec-t.., s con- ducted near FailAbanks,Alaska. The purpose of khese tests was to demon- stra.be that effective trench baasting could be condtected very close to the trans-Alaska sa"1 pfpeldi~e\vi tiarryt gene,-sting danlagivag blast effects. At each of three test sites, geotecl~nicalc~vtdi tistins were assessed usi tag boring;, trenclles, aena.ial ph~t~ography,geophysical techn.jques, and probi i~gs. Grer~and vibralis~sand air blast levels fro3 eaclt blast were mor?l""tored using seis~lo- graplrs to lneasure .the particle velocities generated. The cata generated were snalyzed and presented in a detailed repart ip~hichdescribed all aspects of -1-9 tests, the data, and tias theory to demar~strat~that these bkastx wotiid not klave significant impact on the ail pioeline., 'The repo~thas been used by Nortt~t~estto demonstrate t+o $.he appropriate agencies that tlae Northwest ronstradctiors blas ti sag plsrras are eredib1e. Woodward-Clyde Cormsultaots was \-etained to exaanisze, catalog, describe, and ev~'jud&eexisting drrsln {,hat coafd he ansr-rd in Ih3 aksigra of tir~Nortl?i.i~sI &*!askan Gas Pipel i:)~.. This study cov~redopen 1-I "s1-d tlit c* ,al~kE i_rt+nprreta~-y data In the np:,n 7 F "tci L~tiln-cx t*ch;: it:^ technics 1 pub1 icatissn.;, lli.: ivabrs r ty 0; j\\j~k$di9~d, USGb ipafor~nc~tio~~,~Alcisla ifl;shid~ny I"h\:\,;rin;ent infiat-mat%u:i ar- : ijh\ily 0 tj;~)" SC(" ]J,I~OUS SGC~~C~:\~i-"2 e~an~j!;PC! a;iii ra t,~Snqri! The final phase of thi : study was a review of the data generated by Alytrska Pipe1 ine Service Company. The ~-evieb.rincakided examination of the exteni;?'ve data base, and appraisal of the validity and utif i.i;y af the data to the gas pi pel ine project. This project invalved office and Field investigations of' access end align- mef~fs for the Del ta Junetian - Canada portr'on of the proposed gas pipel i aee . SicrSeaytca~ hhydrma"logic, and land rise evalua%$onswere made, A p~elirnin~3ry office review sf 250 access routes i den"L fied By Northwest was conduc-i;e~d using interpretation of aerial photographs (color 1: 24,000), USGS topographic n?afi%?;marked a1 Ignment sheets, and 3i terature avaf Iab'le descrjlzi ng rgional and local er~~ironmentalcharacteristics, Based upilin the results of QUP" p~-e- l%minaryreview, Northwest eliminated 51 routes from further consideration. Tbafz ~ehtsajning199 access rotsltes were evaluated in the Pie%din danusry 5978. t4o1~thwestused the evalcaatisns to select environmentally suitable routes for it!; pek-rrait agp3 $cations to State and Federal agencies, This project jdentified candjdate significarat fa~altsin the section of the gas piipe'i'ifie between Delta Junction, Alaska, and tile Alaskan-Canadi an border. Once objective of the study was %a develop a definition of the term ""9ignificant faule"' for the purpose of designing and constructing the pipe? ine. The study utilized exhsta"vrg scismogrgaphic records to identify rnicl-oseismic clustet-s ab~g the pipeline cor 'dnr, as these clusters may relate to faults. Geohgic studfes included es&-$ensive in"cerpre"la%ions of aerial photogridphs and satel 1i te ?"s?iages, and csrnpilati~nssf avai %ablegeological data. A .field i-ecannai ssance of se- lected geolagical features of-interes t was included as part of the study. The 1-esults af the study were utilized to identify candidate significant Fatilts and Ic assess the necessity af detai f ed f ie%dstudies along these featzres, The WCC Oa kPa~dlaboratory conducted a mass4 ve Babora tory testing progieam Fsr the project, in support 9.F the subsurf~iceexpla-,ation program ;n the alig7iizelrt sezL.a"sn frotn DeS ta Jua?sai;%"snto the Canadjat-i border, The progr an] ic~juded every-othei---day pickup OF sainples along the a:iynment (a round ;.rip cF 750 tL. 800 miles auk of Anc!.aorage), an a%"rTiftof samples %)-onAnchorage ter Sari Francisco, and testir~gon a large scale sin the Oakhand Tabnratsrjf, A total of about 1,51?-18 samples from 150 bsrings %ai~?l"erecejved; about -ti?ts;.-thirbs of" siempSes were Frozerr idhen they were r?cawred, and this +frozen s h"r; was n~r.,in- %zaine$ from the :amecoverythrough st?$pmenf to AC.;choi-age, San fi-anci .;co ia,i rpo1-t asld euent,bsi:ley to Oakkqdd,where t" 3a:npI~~i.ier-e stored in a large fr-pe~j~g lQirsre%,The Iai-cje majority af the DVL~I" 3,000 tests were index pr-oD~~r:.yI*Q~:S, bLj-ipa "1 imi ted numF2er of f rig1 neer$~gpu-op;l.r-ty tests xerp (SB I SO j??ade, seismology seismic geology eartiiquake enginea5ring University af Cadifornia, Berkeley: Ph.D. Seismalogy, 1955 University of California, Berkeley: M.A. SeismSogy, 2952 Uniwrsity of CaJifornia, Berkeley: B.A. Physics, 3945 Bgarvard University , Cambridge, Hassachuset tsr Undergraduate stud2 es , 3 942--1943 Geslogislr : Califor lia Certified Engi-qeering Geolog-;st: California Geophysicist: CaZi fcmia PROFESSIONAL 3;fTSTOR"S Wsolbwasd-Cl yde Ccnsul cants, Principal and Chief SeismoJogis t , 1974-date Unzversi ti^ 0635 Cdl ifarnica, Berkeley, E'eparement of Geology and G"espfRys.ie.s, Seistmgraghic Stations, Research Associate, $964-date United States GecJogicdf Survey, Earthqtzake Mechanism Lakaratsry, Geophgsicist and Director, 1973-1974 Natlona2 Oceanic and Atm~spherickdministrarion, Earthquake lVechanisn% Eaboratorq, Geophysicist and Director, 1954-2993 Uni versi ry of Califs?rnia, aerkeley, Xesearch Seisnaloglst , 1956-1964 Haward Unii~ersify, Cianbxldge, ~fass~chusetts,Research Fellow, 1955 S~rzce/ 955, Dr. ?"oe,56;1*rhas beef: ~iigelg~d1.~ research and appiicaeicr~s pertaining to the semsmic safety asper-Cs of the sites for large engilaeered stl-ortrares, includ~ngdams, nuelear arci col?i;entianzl fue2ed pawar" plants, offrsr",orepecsoleurn devcJopnaent projects and other structcres, Dr. Tocher has over 2 1 iieds-5 of dl'vcrsi iis ed .sc.ientific a;& supen-visor9 esrperjence in the se.i:;in~lo$ic~>.laspects af ,G :g?i'de variety of projects, b,tia of '2 r-esearch na eril-P and wi eh app2 i ri? er:gd neer-i:ag signk Ieicance, Eae has been at-*sj i,^t cstab :;hnng programs lor :can .smr c :?wniQnrirlg of both rlatural c,l~-thquakes the sinl land and i'ii the Aleid: iar-: Tslr?i>n:<;3iid at .srvera 1 irl;-,liP inns rLhrc.---ii*ir Ptc ‘.I % ".". !I!):, :"<*(.; >;{ coilC]:acted1 n fi\p ti: : : ni ~,j)i;jf three s;)ec-j:" 1 %- n;l,leaai- p-;jw~~-p,lai?t 5;itcs J:: st1- 1. - -,. . . Tb.i~ ," . <;l 4 ,"- . g?c r,qi t t,.d i Jne>2t-r;f.- of (:)lt? ii3r fjf:]d ~P~~ifje:; bii :I, f 11.1;; ~1~71jil:i IS(>i; C /I*;. zr~r-p;:rf :.j;j<.:.,:~.:,~,j-;j.-;~;~i;:? .qi ;$CL ~qij {~CJ- Hore acecen tly Dr. Tcrcher has supervised I he noni tcrrlr2g of aftersh~cksfram the August, 6975 Orovs'lle, Califoarnda earl hguake for the Pacific Gas and EJectric Company, and devised a unique mv.ing network survey of ~dcroeartkuakeactivitg along the Footlali2.s fault system of Californits for the U. S. Bureau sf Reclamatlsn. These fatter studies have made it pssible to deitlneate the Sinxi ts of the zones of activity, previous2y liet2.e known, as well as perdi-er"teed determination of orienta Lion of ehe stress axes producin~g the ect fthqoakes . Dr , R;acherk srepresonta 2ive ni2clear pwe.: plan2 si ting prajects include: pJants at f8anford and Sa tsop (Washington i ; SotaQh Texas Pro jest; tlaree pr~fl~sedsites in Oregon; propsed Skagi C plant (Washington]; Clinton if % lirzais) ; Brie (Ohio) ; Davis-Besse [Ohio); Oyster Creek (Hew Jerseg) ; Indiar) Paint (Rew York); prspsed Bodega Head piant: (Cali Euis-niaS ; Hmboldt Bay (Cadifornia): 5crn Onofre (Califsrnia); proposed LP3:a"al Junction p2can.e: CCaSi~~ornia); propsed Stanislaus plant (California); proposed pZanes st Torret.r$e Saecicane, Tart uinia , an8 Trino (Itady) ; sites near Bandar Wbbas, Baradal- Lengeh, and Kuyestak (Iran); Iaushehl (Iran)r Tsuruga [Saganf Dr. "T"z3cher has been involved in seismofoglcal research at the University sf California, Berkeley, since 1956. Durlng ehe years 29FO through 3963, he siagersrised the design, installation arc" opratior? of the hporl Since 1955, Ds, Tocher has haen a zonsr_ldtant on seisrr~oloyyto n~tmerol~s ptabi~ch~rbies and pric-ste r-.ar~so.-a~:~usas.He is cilrrcnt2y a mnkBi.dr of thci int~r17dtsonallinlos? of Geodesy and Gfophysfcs {IllGG) C'onrfliSt~2an phdc%ttlraiZ Dl sas ters ; @har mjdn of the Ea r th Scn cnces Subm ccee of [-hi? Seismic ILEC"CSI"I~~~~C,~~and r94c:ia~ds"SIIE-VC~ j'.dvisori~ Conmuttee, City and CO: ~atyof Sa17 Francesco; CE Biid6blU3BT of the irs2e1natland2 Asses;L-illtion of Gi3c)de~yC~i-rin??r"~ss'cfi on Rcr-cnt Crczsead 3fsvimcnts I.2 Z-he &",irc~hc ReaTxona ar:d in Pic3ath .~~?F?T.~GB;317~ 9 rrlf ,,tiL,, i $3: I N,IC 101) 2 i Pnqi-'7 7 rh reilnc 14 , Div1~non oi- .Ea3~ in?: SC~~RZ;GSJ :i f5bf)Ji b)li** i363in '4gJ Dl-, Tr>i:(ie~ t.r,3.5 ; cji>iriijdl i- ti) ~/TCf1 TSt-, se.c~and, t ?d I - c -~i: ail "t.~(~~~-~-i'RP~TGI~IE' 1~ ~"s-i')it~~~dktc"iP:~di~"t~c>rt Pl~3!>!.*I?L During 3'966-67, he was a member of thc Ad Noc Cornittee Advisory to the Secretary of Interior cn Geologic Hazards Associaf-ed with a Site for a Lzrge Nuclear Desalting PSant in Southern LalifornSa. For IUGG, Dr. Tocher served as Seism;tlsgg Representative on the Arrangement Committee for the 13th General ;kssembJy and as a member of the Working Grol~pfor Seismic Scales. He was a member of the Conma'ttee on Earthquake Predict-ion, President's Office of Science and Teclmc~Sogy;and is current]y C= member of chi. Panel on National Regional and bcsf Netrgorks of the MAS-MRC Camittee on Seismfogy. Dr, To.:ht?r was scienfific advisoir to the United States Delegation, UNESCO In%ergo~rr3skmental Conference on Sei smol og~and Eart hgua ke Engineering, Paris, 1?1164. He has &?en a ~i?enZ$erof several othel- seismoZog.ical comittees, as we31 as a %,ya%ionalScience Foundation - Aa?esic: knerican Associafrion for the Adryancement of Scde~lce Abnerica~1Geophysical Union Earthquake Engineering Research Institu?~ Explorers Club Gmlogiczrl Society of' P~ilez'ii'a Indian Socief y of Earthquake Tesknoloyy New ZeaP~and SocieQy for Earthquake Engln~erdilg Royal Astronomical Society Seisnmlogical Socset y ~jfknez ica Soci-ty of ExpPararion Geophgslcists project maniagemeint gsotechnicai enciineering frozsn soil engineering perf ormanee a,nd instrmentation engineering Massackgsetts Ins ti tute of Technalo~, Cambridge: ScIDI , Gi vi2 Engine,ering 196 3 Mlassach1~stltLbs Ifis ti tute of a"eehnology, Cambrlidge: M, S, , Structures, 1959 Sh.iss Pedtzr^al Institute of Technology, Zurich, Swi tzeriand: B .S. , Civil: Engineering, 1956 Pi'egistered Cie~Pf Engir2eer: California li!egPs tered PrafessionaS Engineer: Massackruset ts hFoo6tqard--Clyde Consul tants, San Francisco, Ca ?. ifornia , Principal, 19 74-date; Associate and Project Yngi neer, 1967-18 74 /hssachusstts Institute 09. Techno2ogy, P&paztlilsnt of C.ivi_S Engia-;een"ng, Assismant Professor, Soil Mec!lanlcs, 1983-136 7 Jfassachr-setts 1i-r-asCr.iCute 06 Technology, Instructor and R~;earch Zr?gIneer, 9959-1943 'lievey Iron Works, Swi tzerl and, Oclsi gn Engi neer , 2 957 j)r.. Lus~her~sp.r~P-a~~ion;ll ~~tf~itlt7~ aver the ld~t20 yt?~?i~ha'r~ cover?c? a broad range of appZle;.a' ges-techqa'ca.2 projects wlth t_. irrcseas i!tg ~-esy:~ns.i- I a. Py . At pu ,sc3nt, he 1s in charge. sf a Prsjxts ;i-oup which cc.mducts 0.1 tnanages E arge , of tei? I ntel-ddsclpl r rlary proqrc ts for ma jos mac?*~strial a~~d c;avcrnme~:ta1 ~l;~--.nt:;.ife has ril?ci.nt?y beer; r~s,m~?sibZefor a site evaluation .For an I~vGplant, s statlc iot;ndat.oi?~"*~;l:i~~tlor for d nuc1ed.t pager p1;3ntf of f-s~oresl te .-L .2 1 i~atr vns , c:nca" .5ixircic3.i .3j)pU1 ied resc .~r-chj7rn~ect.S i3r.i fieaYLu" E~~S~:TU~~?;~:~E.J~IO~?.lie :S ,34s0 ~~-S~,WPISJ.~J?.~I;-,L- t5~~T:CCL'~ISIVL~ hJ2C ..;oil ar;d rock #i*?~hdi?d(:Sla~~t~dt~iit] iii ~3nr Jznid, 1 ,?I .fnl~ria. 1, Weiiew of the pipeline support system, including deve9apment and app1i- cation of cri &ria to evaluate the need for above-ground constructian. This task included an extensive laboratory testing program of prrna~frast samples and eva2uatisns of soil stability. 2 ilf7velopment of design criteria and mi le-by-mile design informtion for vertica1 support ment5ers of the above-ground pipeline. This Cask In22 uded fie1 d tests on prototype suppork members. 3. Geoteehnieal fief d engineering during construction, and deveJopnent of vide2 in= for design changes in response to fie1 d condi t Sons df ffe~renf from those assumed in the design* 4. Pxeparaeior; of susveii.2ance and mni toring manual, and of parts QT m3intenance anid repair manual, fnr use during- pipeline operation. Before 2970 Dr. Luscher acquir~dextensive experience in many phases of geotechnical engineering including fotmdatiolns, earth retaining s tsuotures, Zand developmnt, earth s tauztures and undergb-ound conduits , Ne also worked on several projects involving nuc.ieas pt.rer' statfans and the elf~ctsof earth- quakes and other 2ynarn.i~ loads, Dr, Luscher has also conducted projects irlti'o1ving foundation instrrfmntiltion, perfarrance mnitoring, and cnrre 1 a tion between observed and predicted foun- dation performance. He has done research on ?Ihe interaction of soi.2 and underground structures and the fai 1urc conditions of foundations under s tat-ie and dynamic Joads. Annesican Society of Ci wi l Engineers Internatio~~aZSociety cP S0i.b bfechanl'cs and Fc;lvndation Engineerfflg StructuraS Enginee2.s Association of F\io.rLhcrn California PUBLICATIONS The f~99swZngis a partial l isk of pub2icaL"ia:1s, 22 frdJ 2 .list wi.22 be p rsvi ded on segue2.s& . BYSl"ctar"zcFanic;iZcas,occts c~f-Pr,?ns-A l,:sk "Yllatar ,.orrs-ilidr;ition of- Ri"cs:;kc2i? -;ill"";riil ,msPsosl: Nc e-kh ArnelrlcLa ;, Coni"rr%>if-~ora 0t3 21:~l' 3'i,lr.r-n,ri-?c)d 11 C~7r1ft~rt~nc.t~,13?-3. Rpspert G. Part, geotechnical eingineering prrojec t manag~kment remote sensing rock mechanics;\blasting UniversiPy of Virgi~iid: B-C,E., Civi1 Engineering, 1965 Rest Virginia Uni versi ty : M.S., Civil Engineering, 1966 Registered Civil Engineer: Alaska, California, Colorado, Hew ltSexico PROFESS IBNAL HISTORY modward-Clyde Consultants, Los Angeies/Orange, Ca2iPsrnia; Albuquerque, New Mexico; Anchorage, Alaska; Project Gngi~eezrand GeotechnicaS Manages, 2972-date San Bernardjno Valley CoE Pege, San Bernardino, CaliEarnia , k7a:rL.-time Instructor, 1972-1974 Pioneer Testing Laboratosg, Redlands, California, Vice Psesrdent and Chief Soi.2~Engineer, 1971-2 972 U*S. Air Force Space and Missile System Organization, Norton AFB, California, Project Off2cer (Captain), 2967-1 971 Tri-Stafc College, Angola, Indiana, Instxuctor in Civil Engineering, 1366-1976 m2WSENTWTIVE EXPERIENCE Mr. S'arL- has over 13 years ' experience in geot-echni cdl engiraeerlir~g atad the na~~nagemene;of geotecI?nical engineering aspects of major projects. Ne is cur- rent2 y geotecPuzical manager of @he Anchorage office 06 i-lfort?odr~ard-C1gdeConsul .%ants. Ilis most recent experience has beer2 f n qeotechnica f eng-ifleek-frzg in ara Arctic eflvisonment. He was the project manager for a program for Northwest Alaskan Pipedine Company to determine the Feasibility of biasting to excavate rock acd perma frose adjacent ts an existing pipeline. He has provided simj Jar ser- vices in rock P' Ping consultation to Northtblest in Utah and iqgoming.. Zri hjs criglnai &I la.c;kari ,assigl.lrnent, Re mat?agecl the deve Zopfi?~>ntol sovca-n t S~r'gc comj~utc;. sgs $ems used to design vertical support menrbers (piles) for tire treans-- Alaska 'pipeline. Xn addi tiora, he has participated .in the preparation of gea- tcrhnieal manuals related to the sgerdtinn of the pipeline, Pfr, Tart has aPso made i??ajor eontribr~Plonszo other projects in Alaska incdudinq ~d~2OCS rkl~d-n~inal Tanpat?%:Stud14 for Kodiak and study in which the grutrnd motio~scaused by 132 ast ing frozen soil drposd ts were ewa l nra fed. Ear ior to ti"^ P12~ssh.d ass iqnrnf>l?tL; I1.r . Tart was resp~lllt;ib E e f(32- tEai2 rn~~laage~r1e:?,~1*L of thr~c~ccutccht~Pc,~l aspcncta ot I12~ i?*~ry /,(I rge? .4il'riit, (C/ZJA) Radio TLD~CSZO~IC pro-lcct ni7ax- Saci-nrro, ilr,>w ~tl~it:~~2nd was g~ot~rhr?i cnd1 1nanaq1-~of ~IICPJC'~ A1 hugticr qtic c?fficc'. fils ~~xj?eriof~cc? hc ~Jsc? c.?ni-ompc3sse(l~3 khcr pro j<>c-ts:n-- cluding mrssJSc7 silo..;, ~c~~fdid~~~js,rcsldoi su!\cii%ri~ions~r";rt~h ~xplosivc~ tc.st- far_^ 1i tih~.~:,m,7rlir"fSlc:: II~L~I~T plla,acs, ~s 1 r-t .I c7Jd p;rvc~ritt.lnf dcs iyn. i.ur-1~1,cl,jtn eft,, 1qr1 irifiB1 o ttlle,c;(-t)j c fn~~~~id,;tlI or) tdrc; r yn, na43 ]or j>lj)~dli~"i~s,a~r~tI ~?l hc'r strtic-f izrtS:., Tart, da. In addition, Ms.. Tart has experience in working with expnsive soils, cu-2- lapsing soibs, permafrost, groundwater, explosives, and rentate sensing, He hens apse been an instrucbr in Civil Engineering. An?erlcan Society of Civil Engineers Society sf American Military Engineers Earkkquake Engineering Research Pnstitute IrrternatdonaJ Society 02 Soil Mechanics and Foundatlsn Engineering Na tianal Ssciet y of Professional Engineers Sc~cl'ety of PetroE cum Engineers PUBLICATIONS 'Toundatian Design far a Verv Large Array Radio Tef escape"', wi tI2 GI R. NL-hdiratta, 8. i%fahood,and R, G. Vauykan, presented at the 4th Southeast Asian Conference on Soil Engineering, Kr~ala Lurnpur, MaSaysis, April, 1975. n'C~mputer System llsed to Design Vertical Sup-uort Meanbers for Trans-A2 askan Pipelizle" ', rsi th 0. S . Ght~ma12, presented a L: ASCE Specia P br y Confercnce , Pipe- lines in Adverse Enviroments, HEW Orleans, January 1979. "'kt ipe2 ine Tre~a~hi179 tv'ith Explosives in Frozen Groundr\ wwi tiP;! &, Oriard, presented at ASCE Special Cry Conference, Pipelines in Adverse Environments, New Orleans, January 1979. 3 c George Brogan engineering gealogy seismic geology struetuxal geology geomarphalogy ,Sari Dieyo State College: M,S,, Geology, -1969 ,Sari Diego State College: Be&,, GeaPagy, 1966 REGI STk4TJON ,Regid tered Geo_Zug.isl: California (Certified Engineering Geologist: California PROFESSIONAL HISTORY Fgoodward-C.2 yde Consul tanks, Los Ange9e.s JQranye, Cali fornia , Wssoelaee~, 1978-date; Deputy Director of Geology, 1976-date; Oakland, Califamia, Staff Geologist to Senior Project Engineering Geologist, 2 971-1 975 FJ~~dt~~i~rfa-E~p~dgr~nand Associates, Qakland, California, Consul tant in Gcalogy , 1969-1973 University af Uevada, Reno, mpartment of Geology-Geography , Teaching Fallow, 1968-1 971 MungZe O.i-1 and Refining Go,, Kingsvil le, Texas, Production Geol agis t , 196 7 Sail Diego Stake CoSlege, Depsrtment of Geoiogy, Teaching Assisi-ant , 1966-1968 U,S, Navy E2cctronics Lahnratory, San Dizg~,California, Data Analyst with Sari Deigo State College Four~dation, 11364-1968 REPi?ESENTATIVE EXPERIENCE Mr, Brogan has practiced engineering geofogy since 1966, and has hmrld- wide experience i:; engineering geology and seismic geology on projects including nuclear and conventiorlaiI power pJants, dams, Gunnels, pipelines, airports, h;gh-rise buildings, offshore dri,ZSi~?gplatfaarns, ard liipieficd na titral ga; tesnzirla.ls, In conneetian wi kh thsse numerous is1vestigat.ioj2s~ he ,%as co~qletedconlylex projects in d.iverse geogJ-,3phdc and c.firnatic environment:^, tic satas in charge of tfne cvaluaticsn of active lCaufts Par the Y'rsns-Alaska Pipeline System, the et~a3uatiortof the Bocclr-a, fduat .in tFcaczuela far the ~acurrib; SJannel, the rn~~~pingand eval~~atinll of the r&asatch EauJP in Utah, thy eval~~ationsf sefsrnic activity and fatlles for several power plants in I;Ttc?ly, studies for nuuitesr power p?f,%r?e: sifing iil Tran, er~,dlu~2tior;s(-if il'iins d12d ,dc3tn ~it.1.3~in North 3nd S0ut.h nlnerica, ;and m,ippix~cf nctivr f.lrr.!ls for J~PI?I!-IISC {?lc2i2ni~?tf ill flt2naj~ui1, itiie :,,is r-orr?plt:.:rd st url irs u; seismic and gcolsgi,: hL~zc3rds /TI O~PS~OL'CA TC~JS of l i Pprnit~ ill" c~skin,01119 the. G;rribbt:c3r~, asds6bilsle g>an~bnb George Es Brogan page 3 PUBLICATIONS Elr, Brogan has authored sr eo-aut3ored more than 30 professional publicC?&ions thak have a2peased in numerous scientific and engineer.ing p'czurnals arid proceedings of conferences and s ympasia , These publict~tions include studies of .ithe effects of recent ear thqnakes, case hisloriets af studies of faulting and seismici2y in many loca-lit;-ies, and phi2~.sophScaJ discussions regarding mi tlgation of gculagical hazards, A coaplete Pist 02 frir, Brogaars p~>~blic~"lii~nswill be provided upn request, Rt~gZ~ter"~3dGEQ~Q~~s~: Cd~rrtified Engineering GeologisL-: California i~c>a&gard-k:2ydeConsul &ants, San Fxancisco, California, Slaff &ologis t trrP Prajeci; Geologist, 1973-dzte GtxphysiccaS. Inslit~te,0nik.ersi.k.y of Alaska, Research Assistant, 19711-11973 FSplright State Iftlivelrsity, Teachjng %sistar?l, Deg3rtment sf Geolsw, 3925 BJS?;~.Ronald c;. Schntidt, Consu-ttinlp Ge~POgisl,Yellow Springs, Ohics, Drai?lSs- p2-son6 9971 HeUEBRESENTATIw EXPERIENCE &$ . Biggar has served as the project geolsgJ.st for the active fault 3"detnti- d:ication s@udy for the props~dAZcan gas pipl"2ine in .Slaska; and Psr f:he gtyc.ulogicaP and seismloglcal investigations aF the Mew Melanes Darn site in ells2 i forni a . She served as technical editor for the P2uodr#ard-Clyde C~nsultants 9bnd;, "Age Dating of Geologic Materials ", in addi tion to researching snd cornpi 2 ing mssly of the ap-dating di:scussions presented in ithe book, and is presently prepauli12g a mnuscript af the book for pdlication. Since joi~rtingf30odward- Clyde, she has also been inv01wd in regional geologic studies for the siting of- a promsed &WG plant at Vskutat, Alaska, nuelear reactors in &he Pesiar) GuPf of Iran, PtaJy, and &.he Central Valley of California, and the detection of active faults for khe Trans-Alaska piepel ine pro-je@&. An 0vera32 geo.ioyi~study of the C5ena Hut Springs area near Fai,..San.K-s, A2ask-a was the topic of 8%. Biggaras ahizstcrPsTk?es.is. This investigation irrt-laded a 35-square mile ncapfzz'r3g project of the granieie and meean~sphic uni Ss in tJ~eaicini t!g of Crhe Lh?rnzc19 springs and gencl~erru"eal,genphysic~>.I and ground temperature studies in the thermal area. GeoPogical Societg of An:erica Association of Wo.w3n Geoscientists Association of Engineerin$ Gcolngist~ NEB 6-70 PUBLICATIONS "Alaska 's gee thermal resource potential " , with N . B . Forbes. The Norhern Engineer, V. 5, NoP 1, 197 . "'ldrtn%ificatlonof dis tingulshing characteris tics of late Qua tc2~nalryfaults in the Western Sierran focathllls, CadifornSa"", with R, F. Harp:;ter and C. 3;, mylor, *stracts, Eal-thguake Hates, V. 49, no. 1, pp- 85-89, -L978. ""Evabuatian of Quatern3ry fauSting in colluvitsnz and buried paiir?osals, Hes tern Sierran E'cdsrtkidPs, California", with W. R. i)i?pc F. H. SWdn I-Z-.rl.R, Harpster and L. S. CJuff, astracts with Program, Cordilleran Section, Geolagical Society aP msisa, 1'. 10, no. 3, p. 241p 2978. seismolog~ geophys Fes seismic geolLagy EDUCATION Uaiversity of Hevadiz, Reno: Ph,D,, Seismo1q:j, 1976 LrbZiversitg 8E Nevada, Reno: M,S,, Seismobogy, 2971 Onivexsity af 4iZashington: RakionaT Science Foundation Graduate melaow, Geophysics, 1966-1958 University of Oregon: B,S,, Physics, 4966 PROFESSIONAL HISTORY $guoc2wdrc;b-C1 yde Consultants, San Francisco, Cal ifomia , Se13ior ~rqjec9: Seismlogist , 9974-date Unit& Slatzs GeaIlogiical Survey, Men?.o ii-7ark, CaS ifornfa, ResearcEa Associate, 3973-1974 trniversity sf Hevada, Rena, Sef smological Research Assistant, 9969-2973 REPRESENTATIVE EXPERIENCE nr , Savage has dpp2 id his seism~loyical research earprience and traini.~ $0 a large number of pro-jects at W~cdb~iircP-Clyde Consultants, He has can- duct& historical seisaicity evdl uati~~w,seismtecconie interpretatlom, a&& seismic safety analyses fur high=-risebuJLcTims, themial and nuelear power @ant sites , of dshare 023 developments , arzd other cl-it icak engine@> in3 projects, bath in zhe United States a& overseas, Er, Savage has recent1rpt @ompie&& seve.ral ma jss i~vestigat iom of nicraec~:r$Ercguakeoccur.- fence as reJat& to the developr;lent of seismic design criteria for naajas proj~ees, These projecfis, i~?"Lhe United Skates, the Midt;ile ms&# %ti . RYRericap ~XTOJV&the design ard insta4lation of both ~rtableasd ,mmanent %ePemeter& arrays of fidd micrseaz"l2I&quakerecorders, Che anal- ysis ;& the resultiq da@a, an2 tthe intcerpretaticn 01' &he results 1eadin$ fo seismic safetg addesign iPnEormatian, These studies jlave Been signi- f icant in undex-sSaadiS~easthguake haards in ~ibnaplexgeologic efivf roam- ments , 22.r * Savage is Peacbiq the Wi*sdr~,ard-C%yde Consul &ants prwran in devef opiw addit iunal capabil it f es in mieroearth~uakeinsf:rmentat isn;: asx2 appdicatiom, Dfdriq the past several. years, Dr, Sava~e3as participted as a key member represent.iumy the Ef elds of seisrology on sewera2 i qterdisci2." d13a.ry project teams, These projects hve f nvolved sieim studies and safety aaal yses far tht? lnajor c%ms of -ik;rbusn, CaJifornia, the Coca Riveif, Ecuador, and the GImulac aml Xdili?la projects, GuatemaEa, and for che ~ruclearpower pfznts ac HarLsrd, Ez'ashi,qtctn, Ht:mboldt ,Bay, California, .?rd San C?m?of;.e,Cslifr?rn.i,-s, and pr~&mse~dplants dt bWanislajlus, California, and in mrrthern Iran, Dr. Savage has dircrted kc2e2d srudies and data anc62yses for sois~rmlogieai aspcts of the prcajects his r.mzlied with ocher technical: G~x"~~~H-&si11 tllr? earth sciences and crzqir-r*leriwtc3 .synrhesi.-.ez and intcgrdte the ra,suli:s 3jC %he irtves t iga t .far& perform4 and to nult:a l l y di; vtii OE) ,11d ,~pply the method-- OZOCP~~S.~P1~dd~i~1 to S~YQ-~CLL- t34li:fa11~t-~ri: r~?s~lts~ William U. Savage +?re Savage has receni"l2 y eora$feted a study of the seism:- ' "ri af the Illas2an d~teriosfor the props& Alcan gas pi~fine, In &his 'yr detaifed andyses 02 the nicroearthquake data along an3 east of t4,e Mnali fztu2t wera cassiaf out to assess the location, levd of activity, and semze of mL'tfemenr of potential99 active fatllts. Pihae with ehe U .S, Gen2ogica.l Survey' s National Center for Baflhgurrke Research as a Postdoctor& Research Fellow, m, Savage participateJ in stud2es of historicdg seismicity, microearthquake seismirf ty , a& sc?ismie ve1scities gze&inent to ea~fiquakeg>r&icticn, At the dcbversity of? PJevdda Dm Savage h&pd suprvise the irstd2ati0,: 0f a statewide teJe- setered seismic network a& studiCd the statist icc.2 occurrence featalres 02 ea*lrguake act ivit ye AFFILIATIONS Anerican Associat ian for ",h Advancement 01' Science American Geophysical Unicr, Seisrrro$~lcalScaciet y aP Paexica GeoJ 09 ical uSciek y of merica Eaahqriiake Engineering Research 11:stitazte Dr, Savage has author& nrimerous reports and p&ioas of reprts rang:*- from brief smmarles af site-reldt & c?Ssex""~aticti= "zo Zengthy presentat ias of ehe technical results of mafor studies acd to regulatorg agency docu- mentat ion stich as ?re2 imimry Saf ee"Jynna2 ysis Rti,&?rts for the U,S, Nuclear Regulatory Cczrnmissicin, In ad<"Rtion, mrzclz af his work has resre-ived peer review r.al&Ea in the academic and prof essiond czom~nt~nitytbr~uyh p~esirntd- tiom at scientific cneetinga and the pub2 icration of techr.rica;?articJss in professional journals, A complete list of p~hlicat-ions is L2~raiiabl~u,x>? reif ues t GET, Savage has a2 so present teci"jz?ica1 sen z'fzars an2 penh.2 l~,2cc-n tures bokh locally ard dbroad on topics related to earehquake hazards, current seismno-sogical research, and errgir,t+crirg seism.Zogy,