Security in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov: New Threats and Challenges

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SECURITY IN THE BLACK SEA AND THE SEA OF AZOV: NEW THREATS AND CHALLENGES CRIMEA – ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF RUSSIAN REGIONAL DESTABILISATION RUSSIAN MILITARY BUILD-UP IN TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED CRIMEA BEFORE RUSSIAN OCCUPATION OF CRIMEA (JAN 2014) AUTUMN 2018 12500 31500 - 40 92 583 24 162 22 122 37 62 - 16 26 71 2 7 Аirfield «Baherove» Property № 100 Property № 221 Property № 76, «Feodosia-13» Property № 825 RESTORATION OF NUCLEAR INFRASTRUCTURE Russian means of delivery of nuclear weapons in Crimea EXISTING MEANS WHICH CAN BE USED TO DELIVER NUCLEAR WARHEADS «MOSKVA» «SMETLIVY» guided missile escort ship SU-24 bomber guided missile cruiser Missile – torpedo launch system «Rastrub-B» Engagement range: 560 km Max.range: 90 km avionic bombs with nuclear Missile system «Vulkan» Max.range: munitions 700 km ADVANCED ASSETS CAPABLE TO DELIVER NUCLEAR WARHEADS TU-22M3-strategic long-range bomber SU-34 fighter-bomber Range of engagement: 2400 km Range of engagement: 1100 km Max range of cruise missile Cruise missiles and avionic bombs with nuclear with nuclear munitions: 600 km munitions BLACK SEA •Military Exercises •Maritime traffic AZOV SEA suspension •Excessive control of civilian maritime traffic •Increased military ship CRIMEAN PENINSULA numbers Deployment of forces and means for seaborne TARHANKUT CAPE assault KERCH KERCH BRIDGE construction SIMFEROPOL SEVASTOPOL PREPARATION FOR NAVAL BLOCKADE OF UKRAINE 3 UKRAINIAN MILITARY SHIPS CAPTURED IN HIGH SEAS (OUTSIDE NATIONAL JURISDICTION) YANI KAPU BERDIANSK RUSSIAN GUARD SHIP Russia’s gross violation of •UN CHARTER International Law Article 2 •HELSINK I 1975 FINAL ACT Helsinki Decalogue •UNCLOS Articles 2, 21, 32, 38, 44, 56, 58, 88, 92 •NPT Treaty, Budapest Memorandum Non-use of force or threat of force • 1949 Third Geneva Convention Prisoners of war UN General Assembly draft resolution “The problem of militarization of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (Ukraine), as well as parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov”.

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