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Wildlife Division Research and Management Report

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Wildlife Division Research and Management Report Maine Department of Inland Fisheries And Wildlife Chandler E. Woodcock, Commissioner Research & Management Report 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS FUNDING WILDLIFE AND HABITAT STEWARDSHIP ................................................................................................... 3 REGIONAL WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT .......................................................................................................................... 4 A MA INE WILDLIFE BIOLOGIST ’S DEER SE A SON ........................................................................................................... 4 THE WILDLIFE DIVISION’S WINTER DEER WORK .......................................................................................................... 5 MORE ON WSI DA T A AND REGION A L WINTERTI M E ACTIVITIES FOR DEER ................................................................... 7 REGIONAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 8 MOOSEHE A D LA KE WEIR PROJECT .............................................................................................................................. 8 RESTOR A TION OF ARCTIC CH A RR A ND EA STERN BROOK TROUT A T BIG REED POND , MA INE ........................................ 9 FIRST Imp RESSIONS ................................................................................................................................................... 10 MAine’S LANDOWNER INCENTIVE PROGRAM COMES TO A CLOSE ................................................................... 12 THE RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT SECTION: AN IFW SOURCE FOR SCIENTIFIC INFOrmatION ................ 13 Hab IT A T CONSERV A TION A ND MA N A GE M ENT .............................................................................................................. 14 Habitat Mapping ............................................................................................................................................... 14 Pre-application Screening and Environmental Review ..................................................................................... 15 Oiled Wildlife Response ................................................................................................................................... 16 BIRD CONSERV A TION A ND MA N A GE M ENT .................................................................................................................... 17 Effects of Waterfowl Impoundments on Rail Habitat and Productivity .............................................................. 17 S.H.A.R.P. - The Saltmarsh Habitat and Avian Research Project .................................................................... 18 Game Birds ....................................................................................................................................................... 19 Raptors: Recent Population Highlights ............................................................................................................ 21 Piping Plovers Continue to Struggle on Southern Maine Beaches .................................................................. 22 Purple Sandpipers ............................................................................................................................................ 23 Newly Described Virus Kills Thousands of Common Eiders Wintering Off Cape Cod ..................................... 24 Mamma L CONSERV A TION A ND MA N A GE M ENT .............................................................................................................. 25 White-tailed Deer .............................................................................................................................................. 25 Moose ............................................................................................................................................................... 31 Black Bear ........................................................................................................................................................ 34 Canada Lynx .................................................................................................................................................... 37 Furbearers and Small Game Mammals ............................................................................................................ 38 White-Nose Syndrome in Bats ......................................................................................................................... 39 New England Cottontail .................................................................................................................................... 39 RE P TILE , Amp HI B I A N , A ND INVERTE B R A TE CONSERV A TION A ND MA N A GE M ENT .............................................................. 41 Amphibians and Reptiles .................................................................................................................................. 41 Invertebrates ..................................................................................................................................................... 44 Special Habitats for Reptiles, Amphibians, and Invertebrates .......................................................................... 48 FISH CONSERV A TION A ND MA N A GE M ENT .................................................................................................................... 50 A Large-scale Assessment of Wild Brook Trout Populations and Habitat in Maine ......................................... 50 Ranking Subwatersheds for Habitat Protection and Restoration ..................................................................... 51 A Preliminary Model for Prioritizing Sites for Habitat Restoration or Management Actions ............................. 52 These studies are financed in part through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Funds under Projects 81D, 82R, and 83C, and through the Endangered Species Conservation Act. The Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife receives Federal funds from the U.S. Department of the Inte- rior. Accordingly, all Department programs and activities must be operated free from discrimination in regard to race, color, national origin, age or handicap. Any person who believes that he or she has been discriminated against should write to The Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 2 FunDing WilDliFE AnD HAbitat StewardshiP Many staff salaries and most of the administrative costs of the Wildlife Division’s management programs for game animals and furbearers are funded by federal Pittman-Robertson Funds [FY12 $3,272,274]. Pittman-Robertson (PR) Funds are derived from an 11% excise tax on sporting arms, ammunition, and archery equipment, and a 10% excise tax on handguns. Pittman-Robertson Funds require state matching dollars, which come from a portion of the hunting license revenues. The Wildlife Division also receives federal funding for endangered species and nongame wildlife management in the form of State Wildlife Grants [SWG; FY12 $491,152], originating from royalty payments paid by petroleum industry operating on federal lands, and the so-called “Section 6” funds [FY12 $75,000] from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the recovery of threatened and endangered species or to help recover a species before it becomes ‘listed’ under the Endangered Species Act. Contributions to the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Fund (“Chickadee Check-off”), and purchases of Conservation License (Loon) Plates provide the core “State” funding for Maine’s nongame and endangered species programs [FY12 $311,459]. All donated money is deposited into the dedicated Maine Endangered and Nongame Wildlife Fund - a special, interest-bearing account from which money can only be spent for the conservation of Maine’s nongame wildlife that includes rare, threatened, or endangered species (Table 1). These funds are used to match and spend the federal SWG funds just as revenues from hunting licenses and tags are used to match and leverage PR fund $s for the conservation and management of wildlife. The Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund, derived from the sale of conservation instant-scratch lottery tickets, can also provide an important source of “State” funding for Maine’s wildlife conservation programs, largely for nongame and endangered species. The Division also receives funding from the Oil Spill Conveyance Fund [FY12 $112,806], which is used for oil spill preparedness and response. Throughout the pages of the 2012 Research & Management Report is a summary of last year’s accomplishments with much help from our conservation partners. You will see how efficiently we can assess fish and wildlife resources and habitats using cooperative partnerships, volunteer assistance, and new technologies. There is always need to do more. Table 1. A history of income derived from the “Chickadee Check-off,” loon Plate, and Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund to benefit wildlife programs. Maine Outdoor Chickadee Check-off Loon License Plate Heritage Fund % of Number of Total Number Average Income to Number of Income to Year Taxpayers Projects Given of Givers Donation MDIFW Registrations MDIFW Giving Funded Ckickadee Check-off 1984 $115,794 25,322 $4.57 5.3% loon license Plate 1985 $129,122 29,200 $4.42 6.0% $1,000,000 Outdoor Heritage Fund 1986 $112,319 26,904 $4.17 5.4% Total 1987 $114,353 26,554 $4.31 5.2% $900,000 1988 $103,682 24,972 $4.15 4.8%
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