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Biological Study of Juniper Berry Miner Moth (Argyresthia Praecocella

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Biological Study of Juniper Berry Miner Moth (Argyresthia Praecocella دو ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ-ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ اﻳﺮان ﺟﻠﺪ 9 ﺷﻤﺎرة 2، ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 92-99، (1390) ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﻮه ﺧﻮار درﺧﺖ ارس (Argyresthia praecocella) در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ زرﻧﮕﺎر1* و ﺳﻴﺪ اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺻﺎدﻗﻲ2 1*- ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل، ﻣﺮﺑ ﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ:[email protected] 2- اﺳﺘﺎد ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ، ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ:08/04/1390 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: 1390/12/11 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘ ﻴﻖ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1390- 1388 در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ارس ﺣﺴ ﻴﻦ آﺑﺎد ﻃﺎرم ﺳﻔﻠ ﻲ در 45 ﻛ ﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﻏﺮب ﻟﻮﺷﺎن اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ از دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Juniperus excels و J. comunis ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ در ارﺗﻔﺎع 1800 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳـﺎ واﻗـﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﻴﺎت اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ ﺑﻮﺳـ ﻴﻠﻪ ﻗﻄـﻊ درﺧﺘـﺎن ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺑﺸـﺮ ، ﭼـﺮاي دام و ﻧﻴـﺰ آﻓـﺎت و ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬـﺎي آن ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮازات ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ اﻳﻦ درﺧﺘﺎن در ﻛﺸﻮر در ﺣﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم اﺳﺖ، ﭼﺮﺧﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ و وﻳﮋﮔـﻲ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ از زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﻮه ﺧﻮار ارس (Argyresthia praecocella) ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر در ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ ارس ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ 3 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري در 3 ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘ ﻪ ﺷﺪ. اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ دارا ي ﺑ ﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﺎرده ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از ﻣﻴﻮه ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده، ﺑ ﻪ ﺻﻮرت دوره اي ﻫﺮ 2 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻳﻜﺒﺎر در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪ . در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎر ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري و در ﻫﺮ ا ﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه از ﺳﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﭘﺎ ﻳﻴﻦ، وﺳﻂ و ﺑﺎﻻ ي ﻫﺮ درﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻣ ﻴﻮه ﺟﻤﻊ آوري، ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎ ﻳﺸـﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ز ﻳﺴﺘﻲ آﻓﺖ اﻗﺪام ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻻروي آﻓﺖ، ﻃﻮل ﺑﺪن و ﻗﻄﺮ ﻛﭙﺴـﻮل ﺳـﺮ ﻻروﻫﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ . ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘ ﻴﻖ، در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ارس اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺰو ﻳﻦ، ا ﻳﻦ ﺣﺸـﺮه داراي ﭘـﻨﺞ ﺳـﻦ ﻻرو ي ﺑـﻮده و ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﻞ در ﺳﺎل دا ﺷﺖ. ﻻروﻫﺎي آﻓﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﺬ ﻳﻪ از ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣ ﻴﻮه ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ا ﻳﺠﺎد ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺑﻪ آن ﻣ ﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ . ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـ ﺖ ﻻرو دا ﺧـﻞ ﻣﻴﻮه از ﻣﺮداد ﻣﺎه آﻏﺎز و ﺗﺎ آذر ﻣﺎه اداﻣﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ. در اواﺧﺮ آذر ﻣﺎه، ﻻروﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮراخ ﻛﺮدن ﻣ ﻴﻮه ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺪه و ﺑـﻪ ز ﻳـ ﺮ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻚ درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﻧﻤﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﭘ ﻴﺶ ﺷﻔﻴﺮه ﺗﺒﺪ ﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺣﺸﺮه زﻣﺴﺘﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘ ﻴﺶ ﺷﻔﻴﺮه ﻃﻲ ﻧﻤـﻮده و در اوا ﻳـ ﻞ ﻓﺼـﻞ ﺑﻬﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺷﻔ ﻴﺮه ﺗﺒﺪ ﻳﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺣﺸﺮات ﻛﺎﻣﻞ از اوا ﻳﻞ ارد ﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎه ﺗﺎ اواﺧﺮ ﺗ ﻴﺮﻣﺎه ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺗﺨﻢ ﮔﺬاري از ﻧ ﻴﻤﻪ دوم ﺗ ﻴﺮﻣﺎه ﺗﺎ اواﻳﻞ ﻣﺮداد ﻣﺎه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. واژهﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ارس، آﻓﺎت ﻣﻴﻮه ارس، اﻳﺮان، اﻟﻤﻮت، ﻃﺎرم ﺳﻔﻠﻲ دوﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ اﻳﺮان، ﺟﻠﺪ 9، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 93 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣ ﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮي از ﺟﻨﺲ Argyresthia در دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺖ ﺗـﻮده ﻫـﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻠـﻲ ارس ﻧﻴﺰ روي درﺧﺖ ارس ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣ ﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺰو ﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻲ روﻳﻪ درﺧﺘﺎن ، ﭼـﺮا ي دام و ﺑﺮگ، ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻮان ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺠــﻮم آﻓــﺎت و ﺑ ﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬــﺎي آن ﻛــﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘــﻪ اﺳــﺖ. ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: A. arceuthina ،A. trifasciata Staudinger ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ارس در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺰو ﻳﻦ در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻟﻤﻮت و A .abdominalis Zeller ،A. dilectella Zeller،Zeller، ﻃــﺎرم ﺳــﻔﻠﻲ ﺑــﻪ وﺳــﻌﺖ ﺣــﺪود 3400 ﻫﻜﺘــﺎر واﻗــﻊ A .aurulentella Stainton و A. cupressella ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ . زادآوري و ﺗﻜﺜﻴـ ﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـ ﻲ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ي ارس Anonymous, 2009) Walsingham). ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺎك و از ﺑﻴﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺑـﺬر، Saito (1985) ﻳـــﻚ ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ ﺷـــﺐﭘـــﺮه از ﺟـــﻨﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. آﺛـﺎر ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺎ ﻣﺎﻧـﺪه درﺧﺘـﺎن ارس ﻣﺆﻳـ ﺪ Argyresthia را از روي ﻣﻴـــﻮه Juniperus chinensis اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻬﺖ روﻳـ ﺶ و زادآوري ﻃﺒﻴﻌـ ﻲ آن ﮔﺰارشﻧﻤﻮد. روي ﻣﻴﻮه ﮔﻮﻧﻪ .J. communis L ﺷـﺐ ﭘـﺮه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ (ﻛﺮوري و ﺧﻮﺷـﻨﻮ ﻳﺲ، 1379). در ﺳـﺎل ﻫـﺎي A. praecocella از ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن، آﻟﻤﺎن و ﻟﻬﺴـﺘﺎن اﺧﻴــﺮ در ﺟﻨﮕــﻞ ﻫــﺎي ارس زادآوري ﺑــﻪ ﻧــﺪرت اﻧﺠــﺎم ﮔــﺰارش ﮔﺮدﻳــ ﺪهاﺳــﺖ (Ward, 1977; Falk, 2004 ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺣﻀﻮر ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎدر ي ﺑـ ﺎ & Kapuscinski, 1948; Borusiewicz ). ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ زﻳﺎد ﺑﺬ ر، ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﻴﺎت ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ در ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ دﻳﮕـــﺮي از ﺟـــﻨﺲ Argyresthia ﺑﻨـــﺎم اﻳـ ﻦ روﻳﺸــﮕﺎه ﻫـﺎ ﻛــﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘــﻪ اﺳـﺖ . ﻳﻜــﻲ از ﻋﻮاﻣــﻞ A. trifasciata Stuadinger روي J .scopulorum ﻣﺤــﺪود ﻛﻨﻨــﺪه ﻃﺒﻴﻌــﻲ در اﻳﺠــﺎد ﺑــﺬرﻫﺎي ﺳــﺎﻟﻢ ﺑــﺮاي .Sarg در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ Zala. در ﻣﺠﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ . زاد آوري و ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻬﺎل ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ اﻳﻦ روﻳﺸـﮕﺎه ﻫـﺎ اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪن ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﻣـ ﻲ ﺷـﻮد، ﻳـ ﻚ ﺧﺴﺎرت آﻓﺎت در داﺧﻞ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺴﻞ در ﺳﺎل داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻻروﻫﺎ از اواﺳﻂ ژوﺋـﻦ ﺗـﺎ ﻧـﻮاﻣﺒﺮ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﺮرﺳ ﻲﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞآﻣﺪه ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن 42 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ روي ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـ ﺖ ﻣـ ﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪ ( ,Gal & Szeoke ﺣﺸﺮه از روي ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ارس در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي 2000). ﻓﺎﺋﻮ در ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ﻲ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻣـﺮور ي ﺑـﺮ آﻓـﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮات از ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻞ در ﻗﺮﻗﻴﺰﺳﺘﺎن از A. praecocella ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان آﻓـﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎه ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﺮگ و ﺑﺬر ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣ ﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ. ﺣﺸﺮات درﺧـــﺖ ارس (.Juniperus sp) ﻧـــﺎم ﺑـــﺮده اﺳـــﺖ ﺑﺬرﺧﻮار ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎروري ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ ﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. (Anonymous, 2007). در ﺳﺎل 1989 دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮه ﺣﺸﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺬر ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣ ﻲزﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: زﻧﺒﻮر Argyresthia reticulate Staudinger (Yponomeutidae) و (Pammena (Tortricidae (Megastigmus bipunctatus (Swederus، ﻛﻨﻪ juniperana Millière ﺑـﺮا ي اوﻟـ ﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎر از روي ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ (Trisetacus quadrisetus (Thomas و ﺳﻦ (Fabricius) .J. thurifera L از ﻣﺮاﻛﺶ ﮔﺰارش ﺷـﺪ ,.Bigot et al) Elasmostethus tristriatus ﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ (1989. در ﺳــﺎل ﻫــﺎي 87-1986 ﺑــﻴﺶ از 45 درﺻــﺪ از ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺑﻴﺶ از 82 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺬر در آﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﻣﻴــﻮه ﻫــﺎ ﺑﻮﺳــ ﻴﻠﻪ A. reticulata آﻟــﻮده ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻻروﻫﺎي ﺷﺐﭘﺮه Argyresthia pracocella از ﻣﻴﻮه ارس ﺑﺮرﺳــﻲ ﻫــﺎﻳﻲ ﻛــﻪ روي ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﻫــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺟــﻨﺲ 94 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﻮهﺧﻮار... Argyresthia اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد ي از ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ي اﻳـ ﻦ اﺳﻠﻮاﻛﻲ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ؛ اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر در ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﻮزﻧ ﻲ ﺑﺮﮔـﺎن ﺣﻤﻠـﻪ ﻣـ ﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ . از ﻣ ﻴـ ﺎن آﻧﻬـﺎ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس اﻃﻠﺲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (Rubik, 2007). ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ A .laevigatella Heydenreich ﺷــﺎﺧﻪ ﺧــﻮار Roques (1983) ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻻروﻫﺎي ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮهﻫﺎي .A ﻛﺎج اروﭘﺎﻳﻲ، A. anthocephala Meyrick ﺟﻮاﻧـﻪ ﺧـﻮار praecocella روي J. excelsa را از ژوﺋﻦ ﺗﺎ آﮔﻮﺳﺖ و درﺧــﺖ ﻛﺮﻳﭙﺘﻮﻣﺮ ﻳ ــﺎA. chamaecypariae Moriuti ،1 ﻇﻬﻮر ﺣﺸﺮات ﻛﺎﻣﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ را از آﭘﺮﻳﻞ ﺗﺎ ژوﺋﻦ ذﻛﺮ ﻣ ﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﻣﻴﻨﻮز ﺑﺮگ زرﺑـ ﻴﻦA. sabinae Moriuti ،2 ﻣﻴﻨـﻮز ﺑـﺮگ در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1974روي ﻣﺸﻜﻞ زادآوري ارس و A .praecocella ﻣﻴـــﻮه ﺧـــﻮار درﺧـــﺖ ارس J. polycarpos در اﻳﺮان اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪ، ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد دو آﻓﺖ روي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ (Moriuti, 1969). ﻣﻴﻮه ارس اﺷﺎره ﺷ ﺪهاﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ و ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A. thuiella Packard (ﻣﻴﻨﻮز ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ ﻣﻴﻮه و دﻳﮕﺮي از ﺑﺬر ﻣﻴﻮه ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣ ﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺑﺮگ) روي درﺧﺖ .Thuja occidentalis L در اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ ﻻروﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﻴﻮه ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣ ﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ آﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺰﺑﻮر ﻗﺒﻼً از ﺟﻨﻮب آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺬر ﻧﻤ ﻲرﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ (Javanshir, 1974). ﻏﺮب و ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اروﭘﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪهﺑﻮد (Kurir, 1983). ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣﻴ ﻮهﺧﻮار ارس (A. pracocella) اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر در اﻛﻮﻟﻮژي3 دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺟﻨﺲ Argyresthia در روﺳﻴﻪ ﺳﺎل 1388 از اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ (زرﻧﮕﺎر و ﻋﺎﻟﻲﭘﻨﺎه، ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A. thuiella ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻻرو 1388). ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺﺑﻮدن ﭼﺮﺧﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎنﮔﺬراﻧﻲ ﻣ ﻲﻛﻨﺪ، در ﺑﻬﺎر ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻔﻴﺮه ﺷﺪه ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ارس ﻛﺸﻮر، در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ و ﺣﺸﺮات ﻛﺎﻣﻞ از دﻫﻪ آﺧﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ دوم ژوﺋﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ از زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ ﻣ ﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻇﻬﻮر ﺣﺸﺮات ﻛﺎﻣﻞ A. trifasciata از ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﺳﺖ. ﺗﺎ اواﺳﻂ ژوﺋﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل ﻣ ﻲاﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ. ﻫﺮدو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﻞ در ﺳﺎل دارﻧﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A. thuiella روي درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﻮاد و روﺷﻬﺎ T. occidentalis و Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don in اﻟﻒ- ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﺤﺮاﻳﻲ Lambert و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A. trifaciata روي درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ارس J. sabina ،J. chinensis ،J. communis و J. squamata ﺣﺴﻴ ﻦآﺑﺎد ﻃﺎرم ﺳﻔﻠﻲ ﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻛﻪ در 45 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﻏﺮب ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣ ﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ (Konecna & Sefrova, 2008). ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﺷﺎن در ارﺗﻔﺎع 1800 ﻣﺘﺮي واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ A. trifaciata روي ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻨﺲ ارس ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، 3 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري در 3 ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ Juniperus ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ .J. virginiana L ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣ ﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﺎرده ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ از ﺳﺎل 1995 از اﺳﻠﻮواﻛﻲ ﮔﺰارشﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻮد، اﻳ ﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎ A. thuiella ﻧﻴﺰ روي درﺧﺖ T. occidentalis در ﻃﻮري اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ داراي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﺎرده ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. 1‐ Cryptomeria 2- Cupressus 3- Bionomic دوﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎ و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ اﻳﺮان، ﺟﻠﺪ 9، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 95 ﺑ ﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺣﺸﺮه، ﺧﻂﻛﺶ ﻣﺪرج اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮ يﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻋﺮض ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري از اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺳﺎل ﺑ ﻪﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﻈﻢ و ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﭙﺴﻮل ﺳﺮ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻻروﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻃﻮل ﻣﺪت ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ داﺧﻞ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺮ 2 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻳﻜﺒﺎر و در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻓﺼﻮل ﺳﺎل اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣ ﻲﮔﺮدﻳﺪ، اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺮﺑﺎر ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري و در ﻫﺮ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه از ﺳﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ، ﻻروي روي ﻻروﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه از ﻣﻴﻮهﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده وﺳﻂ و ﺑﺎﻻي ﻫﺮ درﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﻮه ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. از در ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪ. ﻫﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺧﺖ 20 ﻋﺪد ﻣﻴﻮه ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه و در ﻇﺮفﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﺮ روي ﻫﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻇﺮف ﻛﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺷﻤﺎره اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه، ﺷﻤﺎره درﺧﺖ ﺷﻜﻞ 1 ﻧﻤﺎي ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺎﻣﻞ را از ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺸـﺘﻲ و در اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري از درﺧﺖ را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣ ﻲدﻫﺪ. ﻻروﻫﺎي ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣ ﻴ ﻮهﺧﻮار ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﺬ ﻳﻪ از ﻣ ﻲﻧﻤﻮد درجﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣ ﻴﻮه ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ا ﻳﺠﺎد ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣ ﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ (ﺷﻜﻞ 2). اﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮه ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﻞ در ﺳﺎل دارد .
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