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Notes on the Succession of the Bishops St NOTES AND STUDIES lIS NOTES ON THE SUCCESSION OF THE BISHOPS OF ST. ANDREWS FROM A.D. 1093 TO A.D. 1571 1. lI. GAMELINE, chancellor of the king and papal €haplain (Feb. 13, 12S4-T. no. 161), was postulated on the first Sunday in Lent, 1254 (Se. vi 43), which works oat as Feb. 14, 1254-5. M. (s. a. 1254) says he was elected by the prior and convent of St. Andrews, presumably referring to the Keledei being refused a voice in the election. Gameline is confirmed by Pope Alexander IV on July I, 1255; and the letter of confirmation (T. no. 176) explains why the word 'postu­ lated ' was used by Se. He suffered from defect of birth, being ex so/ut. gmihls el so/ula. The letter recites that on the death of Abel, the prior and chapter convened, and proceeded per fJiam eomjnJmissi, appointing nine of their number to make choice of a bishop either by election or postulation. The choice fell on Gameline, papal chaplain and chancellor of Alexander, king of Scotland Four persons, Robert de Prebenda, dean of Dunblane, Simon of Kynros~ clerk, and brothers Helyas and A1an, canons of St. Andrews, were sent by the prior and chapter to the Pope with the postulation. The Pope dispenses for defect of birth, and confirms. A letter of the same date (T. no. 176 atl jinnn) was addressed by the Pope to the bishop of Glasgow com­ manding him, in the usual terms, to associate with him two other bishops, chosen by the bishop elect, and to confer on Gameline the gift of consecration. He is still 'elect' on Sept. 20, 1255 (Bain's Calmtlar, i no. 2013), at which date he had been removed from the council of the king for offences against the king of England. The consecration by WilIiam, bishop of Glasgow, was on secunt/o d," nala/is Domini, quo dominua luzOe6alur, 1255 (Se. vi 43). Dec. 26, did fan on Sunday in 1255. The delay between the papal confirmation and the consecration may be accounted for by opposition on the part of the king and the members of his council. Gameline's banish­ ment in the following year is attributed by M. (s. a. 1256) partly to his opposing the designs of the king's councillors, and partly because he refused to give them money, Ijflasi pro emptione sui epistojahls'. Gameline died on the morrow of St. Vitalis, Martyr (which feast is celebrated on April :as), 1271, at Inchmurdauch, and was buried in the 1 The writer will be grateflal Cor corrections or additions to these notes. • On July 31, 1255, Pope Alesander IV gives leave to Master Gameline, bishop eJect oC SL Andrewa, to retain Cor two years &om his consecration the bene8c:es which he bad before his postulation. This is granted beeause oC the debts on his cban:h and the repairs wbic:b it and other baildinp needed (T. no. 178). 12 Digitized by Google J 16 THE JOURNAL OF THEOLOGICAL STUDIES • new churcb,' dole to the great altar (Se. vi 43). Wyntoun concnn as to the yeat of Gameline's death (ji 258) I. WILLLUI WISCIIARD (Wtseard, WISbart, Wisbard). He was at the time elect of Glasgow, and was postulated June 30 1271, little more than one month after the death of his predecessor'. The KeJedei were excluded from the election (Se. vi 43). It is not till March IS, 1273, that we find the Pope, Gregory X. remitting to the bishops of Moray, Aberdeen, and Argyle to inquire into the character of the elect. The papal letter states that the Pope was satisfied as to the canonical character of the election (which bad been pe, viam &omjWomissl1 of 'William, our chaplain, archdeacon of the same church (St. Andrews),' but was not satisfied as to the qualifi­ cations of the elect. If the forenamed bishops were satisfied as to the qualifications of the elect, they were to consecrate him, after receiving the oath of fidelity to Rome (T. no. 256). This letter makes no allusion to William as being elect of Glasgow. Probably Se. is incorrect in using the word postulated instead of elected, for the former word would not bave been appropriate in the case of one who bad not been actually consecrated already, unless he suffered from some other canoni· cal impediment, which is not alleged in this case. The consecration of William took place at Scone, on Oct. IS, 1273 (F. vi 43). This works out, as one might expect, as Sunday. William Wiachard died on May 28,1279, at Merbotill (in the deanery of Teviotdale), and was buried on June 2, in the 'new church' at St. Andrews, before the altar: Se. (vi 43), which points out that the day of his burial was the anniversary of his election; but, as we have lleen, this Ja in error. Lanercost (103) agrees as to the year of his death. 1 Lanercoat (84) la wrong in placing his death in 1268, for he confirms a charter April 14, Jl71 (North Berwick, 23). Two eharten (Kal. Aug. 12411, and iv Non. Sept. 1248) make mention of Gamaliel (w) bishop or St. Andrews (R. P. S. A. I U, 174)' The dates (if genuine) are fatal to Identlrylnr GamaUel and Gameline. But one cannot bnt suspect that the charten (If not whoUy forpries) belong to the time or Gameline, and were subsequently fumllhed with dates by some ignorant scribe who wrongly expanded a contracted form or the name Gamellne. I Sc. (vi 43) says the postulation was on June 2 (iv. Non. Iunii); but we are 110 fortunate as to poIIeSl the draf\ of the letter of the chapter annonncing the election and prayinr for the Pope's confirmation (RoM. 338). There it is said that the ....nt of the kin, having been, • iusta regni conslletudinem,' lIOugbt and obtained, thoJ appointed the __ of SS. "arcellinus and Peter (which feast is on June J) 1171, beina WednC!lday, for the election. Now, the Sunday Letter for 1270-1 ~inr D, June J fell on Tuesday, which fits in correetIy with the statement of the letter or the chapter. The ~ __ri; were seftJl in n_her, six of the canons ~ineludlq John, the prior) alld the archdeacon of Lothian. Having goae aput tbQ were uoanimous in choosiQr 'W. the archdeacon or our chun:h.' Digitized by Google NOTES AND STUDIES II7 WILLIAM FRASER, chancellor of the kingdom, dean of Glasgow. On the day of SL Nicholas (Dec. 6) 1279, WiUiam Fraser, dean of Glasgow (he does not style himself elect of St. Andrews), obliges him­ self for a debt of 2001b. sterling incurred by the chapter of Glasgow • pro arduis nostris negociis· in Curia Romana promovendis.' His brothers, Sir Symon Fraser, knight, and Andrew Fraser, are his 'fide­ jussores' (R.G. i. 193-5). We cannot but conjecture that this money was for expediting his bulls. Elected August 4, 1279 (Se. vi 44). The letter of confirmation from Pope Nicbolas Ill, dated May 21, 1280, relates that the election was per viam compromissi. The 'compromissarii' were the prior, the sub­ prior (the text reads probably in error C superiori '), six canons, and the archdeacon of SL Andrews, all named. They unanimously chose WiUiam, then dean of Glasgow. Proctors were sent to Rome, and, according to custom, the decree of the election was examined by three cardinals. The election was confirmed by the Pope (T. no. 276). According to Se. (vi 4) Fraser was consecrated at the Roman court by Pope Nicholas on May 19, 1280. The letter of confirmation already referred to, dated May 21, contains the expression C tibique !DUnus consecrationis nostris manilms duximus impendendum.' This is worth noticing; for sometimes the expression that a consecration was by the Pope means no more than that it was by his command or commission I. Fraser died Aug. 20, 1297, at Artuyl (in France), and was buried at Paris in the church of the Preaching Friars (Se. vi 44). His heart was brought to Scotland, and by his successor, Lamberton, was deposited in the wall of the church of St. Andrews near the tomb of bishop Gameline (ibid.) '. WILLIAM DE LAMBERTON (Lambirton, Lambyrton), then chancellor of Glasgow. Elected Nov. 5, 1297, C exclusis penitus Keldeis tunc, sicut et in duabus electionibus praecedentibus' (Se. vi 44). The election was per mam comjro11l;ssi, the C compromissarii' being the prior, the sub­ prior, the archdeacon, and four others, being. canons, all named. The J He bad served as envoy to England July 10, 1277; and again Feb. 20, 1278; and agaiD April 10, 1279 (B.C. ii pp. '3, ,.., 48). Oct. 3, u89, he and others were accredited to treat with the ambassadors of the king of Norway (iWJ. ii !}6). At the end of 1290 the seven earls of Scotland and the community of the realm complain of W. bishop of St. Andrews and John Comyn as guardians (;bitJ. ii 109). He had • brother Simon (;bitJ. ii 103). • On JIarch '3, 1277, Master William Fraser, dean of Glasgow, chancellor or Alexander, king of Scotland, receives from Nicholas III a dispensation to hold one benefice with cure of souls iu addidon to the deanery and the church of Ar. (Arr)' C.P.R. i 454. Digitized by Google I la THE JOURNAL OF THEOLOGICAL STUDIES votes were given unanimously for Lamberton, chancellor of the church of Glasgow, who consented within the lawful time, and went to the Apostolic See, with three canons as proctors of the chapter. The election was confirmed by the Pope (Boniface VIII), who caused Lamberton to be consecrated by M[atthew J, cardinal bishop of Porto 1.
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