Where Istanbul's Heart Beats Istanbul by GRESI SANJE* Illustrations ERGUN GUNDUZ -ULTAN^Hmer /Vteydanl'wn

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Where Istanbul's Heart Beats Istanbul by GRESI SANJE* Illustrations ERGUN GUNDUZ -ULTAN^Hmer /Vteydanl'wn Where Istanbul's heart beats Istanbul By GRESI SANJE* Illustrations ERGUN GUNDUZ -ULTAN^HMEr /VteyDANl'wN . BiZANï» DÔN6/HÎ HlRiDKOM MAU O lVlLi TA y l At-? lA AVAloc yA -/A b aaAn YUZÙ < Æ > M.fe-324 6 - ^ w ^ % çok büyük sarnıç inşa ettirmiş. Bazilika Sarnıcı 6. yüzyılda İmparator Jüstinyen ta­ rafından yaptırılmış. Osmanlılar ise şehre yerleştikten tam yüzyıl sonra bu sarnıcı fark etmiş, sonra da bahçe sulamada kul­ lanmışlar. Ben bütün bunları Ergiin’e anla­ tırken, o benim yerime kapanışı yapıverdi. Efendim, eskiden bu sarnıç bir sandalla gezilirmiş, üzerinde yürüdüğümüz bu yol­ lar ise ancak 1980’lerde yapılmış. Çıkışta sağda duran Milion Taşı takıldı gözüme. Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu zamanında bu nokta dünyanın merkezi olarak kabul edi­ lir ve tüm yollar bu merkezden ölçülür­ müş. Ne güzelmiş! Dünyanın merkezi so­ rununu kökünden çözümlemişler diye dü­ şünürken, Bizans’ın Hipodromu, Osman­ lI’nın At Meydanı, benim içinse Sultanah­ met Meydanı olan alana vardık bile. Bizans’ın Hipodromu, halkın imparatorla tek yerdi. MSı .196 yılında Septi- tarafından uriŞasınmJjaşlanan inen bitişi- / Öylesine gizemli, öylesine çekici bir şehir ki İstan­ Istanb ul is a city of such mystique and bul, ona kapılmamak, bağlanmamak mümkün de­ magnetism that it is impossible not to ğil. Ben İstanbul’u lezzetli, ama büyülü bir meyve­ be captivated by it. Ergün's illustrations ye benzetiyorum. Ergün’ün İstanbul’u ise fazlasıyla reflect this charm with a magic o f their cazibeli, bir o kadar da zeki bir Harem gözdesi gi­ own. Both o f us believe that the city is bi. İkimiz de bu şehrin yavaşça ve hissettirmeden gradually and insensibly habit-forming, bağımlılık yaratıp, kendini vazgeçilmez kıldığına i- making life without Istanbul inconceiv­ nanıyoruz. able. İstanbul’un da bir kalbi var elbette; bugün değilse When I speak o f the heart of Istanbul, I bile yüzyıllar boyu şehrin nabzını tutan Sultanah­ refer to Sultanahmet and the headland met ve Sarayburnu’ndan, yani ‘Tarihî Yarımada’dan on which Topkapi Palace stands within bahsediyorum. Güneşli bir günde attık kendimizi the historic walled city, which is where tarihî yarımadaya. Önce Yerebatan Sarayı. Burası, the city’s pulse throbbed for centuries. Bizans döneminde Bazilika Sarnıcı olarak anılırmış. One sunny day we made our way Şehir kuşatma altına alındığında karşılaşılan en ö- there, and first visited the cistern nemli sorun known in Turkish as the Sunken Palace, primarily. The Ottomans discovered this cistern a century after yiyecek ve i- and in Byzantine times as the Basilica conquering Istanbul in 1453, and used it for watering gardens. As I çeceğin tü­ Cistern. The Byzantines built numerous was telling Ergun this, he took over and finished the story for me, kenmesiymiş huge cisterns to provide water for the explaining that the raised walkways along which we were strolling ve Bizanslılar inhabitants o f the capital when it was dated only from the 1980s, and that previously it had only been bu soruna ça­ besieged, and the Basilica Cistern was possible to explore the cistern by boat. As we emerged into the Print Photobank Turkey re bulmak a- constructed in the 6th century by the sunlight, my eye was caught by the Milion Stone, which during the macıyla bir- emperor Justinian to supply the palace time of the Eastern .Roman Empire marked the centre of the world, Senket D ilb er/ 6. yüzyılda imparator Justinyen tarafından sarayın su ihtiyacı ipin yaptırılan IV. Haçlı Seferleri sırasında yerle bir olan Hipodrom’dan geriye kalan Dikilitaş (üstte). Yerebatan Sarnıcı (üstte). Roma imparatorluğu’nun ‘Arz’ın Merkezi’ olarak 19. yüzyılda Alman İm paratoru II. W ilhelm ’in hediyesi bugünkü adıyla Alman Çeşmesi kabul ettiği Milion Taşı (solda) / The Basilica Cistern built in the 6th centu­ (solda) / The obelisk stood in the Byzantine hippodrome which was razed by the ry by the Emperor Justinian to supply the palace (above). The Milion Stone, Fourth Crusaders (above). The German Fountain which was a gift of the Emperor which during the time of the Eastern Roman Empire marked the centre of Wilhelm II in the late 19th century (left). the world (left). SocTM/^err ATmE^pm /i 17 SKYLIFE TEMMUZ TEMMUZ JULY 2001 ^ ÜT.--- - ğindeydi. İmparator, yarışları sarayın içindeki ‘kat- and was the starting point for measuring distances. How hisma’ denen locasından seyreder, halk da tezahü­ satisfying, I thought, to have resolved the question o f the rat yapardı. İlk zamanlarda dört takım halinde ya­ centre of the world once and for all. pılan yarışlar, beyazlar ile kırmızıların etkinliğini By this time we had arrived in Sultanahmet Square, kaybetmesiyle geriye kalan iki takımın gövde gös­ which was the Hippodrome of the Byzantines and terisi yaptığı siyaset kokan bir arena haline gelmiş. known to the Ottomans as A t Meydanı (literally Horse Hipodrom, kendilerini yoksulların koruyucusu ilan Square). Construction o f the Hippodrome commenced eden ve monofizizmi savunan Yeşillerle Ortodoks­ in the year 196, during the reign of Septimus Severus. It ları temsil eden ve zenginlerden destek gören Ma­ stood right next to the Great Palace, where the vilerin çekişmesine sahne olmuş. MS 532 yılında Byzantine emperors, who appeared in public on no bu alanda 30 bin Bizans­ other occasions, lI, Kraliçe Theodora’nın would watch kurnazlığı sonucu katle­ the chariot dilmiş. Tarihe ‘Nika A- races from a yaklanması’ olarak ge- balcony known çen bu ayaklanmayı baş- | as the kathisma, latanlarsa Yeşiller ve ta- | while the com­ raftarları olmuş. 4. yüz- § mon people yılda en parlak dönemi- ~ gathered in the ni yaşayan Hipodrom, hippodrome 1204’deki Haçlı Şefe- | and cheered on ri’nde yerle bir edilmiş | the contestants. ve geriye sadece hâlâ a- I Originally there were four com­ peting teams, but in time the Sultan Ahmed Camii (en Whites and the Reds declined in importance, leaving the üstte). Bizans Sarayı’ndan Blues and the Greens, which at the same time repre­ kalm a m ozaikler (üstte). Os­ sented political and religious factions. The Blues were manlI sarayının bahçesinden geçen demiryolunun bağlan­ supported by the poor sector of the populace and dığı Sirkeci Garı, Şark Eksp- upheld the doctrine of monophysitism, while the resi’nin de son durağı (sol- Greens supported by the rich took the part o f orthodox | da). Şark Ekspresi’nde Ci- doctrine. In this way the Hippodrome became an arena s nayet’ adlı romanın yazarı where political and religious struggles were played out. ° Agatha Christie (altta). Sultan Ahmed Mosque (top). In 532 the Nika rebellion led by the Greens and their A mosaic pavement of the Byzantine supporters was crushed by a strategem orchestrated by Great Palace (above). Sirkeci Station the Empress Theodora, and thirty thousand rebels were was the last stop for the Orient trapped in the hippodrome and slaughtered. Express, which ran through the grounds In 1204 the hippodrome was razed by the Fourth of Topkapi Palace (above left). Agatha Christie, author of Murder on the Crusaders, leaving only the Sphendone Wall, which is Orient Express (left). still standing, a few columns and the obelisk. But the hip- 18 SKYLIFE TEMMUZ JULY 2001 yakta duran Bizans döneminin kutsal mekâ­ nı Aya İrini (solda). Saray du­ Sphendone Duva­ varlarına yaslanan Soğukçejme rı ile birkaç sütun evleri (altta). Sultanahmet'te ve ‘Dikilitaş’ kal­ bir gezinti (en altta). / The mış. Ama meydan Byzantine church of Haghia ne yarışa, ne de Eirene in the First Court of Topkapi Palace (left). The So- kana doymamış. g u k jq m e houses against the OsmanlIlar burayı palace walls (below). Women cirit oynanan, taking an excursion in Sulta­ görkemli sünnet e nahmet (bottom). düğünlerinin dü- | zenlendiği bir | meydan olarak yeniden yapılandırmış. Meydanın girişinde bulunan podrome had still not çeşme ise Alman İmparatoru II. Wilhelm’ın 19- had its fill o f competi­ yüzyılın sonunda Sultan’a armağanı. Kan bunların tion, pomp and blood. neresinde diye mi merak ettiniz? İlk yeniçeri isyanı The Ottomans used Fatih’ten yürüyüşe geçen yeniçerilerin burada top­ the area as a field for lanmasıyla başlamış. Sonuç; Genç Osman canından the equestrian game olmuş. Lale Devri yine bu meydanda toplanan ye­ of cirit (Jereed) and niçerilerin Sadrazam İbrahim Paşa’nın kellesini al­ splendid festivities cel­ malarıyla son bulmuş. Halide Edip Adıvar halka ebrating the circumci­ seslendiği o meşhur konuşmasını yine burada yap­ sion o f royal princes. mış. Ne meydan ama! The fountain at one Canım arkadaşım bunları anlatırken, ben Sultan end of the square was Ahmed Camii’nin yolunu tutmuştum bile. Sultan a gift of the German Ahmed Camii 1609 ile 1616 yılları arasında Mimar emperor Wilhelm II to Sinan ekolünden Mimar Mehmet Ağa tarafından the sultan at the end yapılmış, ancak mimari açıdan Sinan’ın dehasını o f the 19th century. yakalayamamış. Mavi Cami olarak da bilinen yapı- So where is the blood in all this you might ask. The first janissary rebellion took place hereJn the early 17th cetTtury and ended in the death of the young Osman II. The Janissaries from the district of Fatih and gathered in the hippodrome. A century later, during th e T u lip Era, the Janissaries again gathered here in rebellion, and were only appeased by the execu­ tion o f Grand Vezir Ibrahim Paşa. M oving on into the 20th century, it was here that the woman novelist and activist Edip Adivar delivered her celebrated speech in May 1919 on the eve o f Turkey's W ar o f Independence. From here we made our way to Sultan Ahmed Mosque, the Blue Mosque as it is pop­ ularly known on account of its beautiful tiles. This was 20 SKYLIFE TEMMUZ JULY 2001 Print Photobank Turkey E rd a l Y a z ıc ı / nın ihtişamı kuşkusuz mükemmel işçiliğiyle göze built between 1609 and 1616 by the architect Mehmed çarpan çinilerinden kaynaklanıyor.
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