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No. ICC-02/05-02/09 24 September 2009 1 Original
ICC-02/05-02/09-91-Red 25-09-2009 1/33 EO PT Original: English No .: ICC-02/05-02/09 Date: 24 September 2009 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER I Before: Judge Sylvia Steiner, Presiding Judge Judge Sanji Mmasenono Monageng Judge Cuno Tarfusser SITUATION IN DARFUR, THE SUDAN IN THE CASE OF THE PROSECUTOR V. BAHAR IDRISS ABU GARDA Public Redacted Version of Prosecution’s “DOCUMENT CONTAINING THE CHARGES SUBMITTED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 61(3) OF THE STATUTE” filed on 10 September 2009 Source: Office of the Prosecutor No. ICC-02/05-02/09 1 24 September 2009 ICC-02/05-02/09-91-Red 25-09-2009 2/33 EO PT Document to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to: The Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for the Defence Karim A. A. Khan Legal Representatives of Victims Legal Representatives of Applicants Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants for Participation/Reparation The Office of Public Counsel for Victims The Office of Public Counsel for the Defence States Representatives Amicus Curiae REGISTRY Registrar Defence Support Section Ms Silvana Arbia Victims and Witnesses Unit Detention Section Victims Participation and Reparations Other Section No. ICC-02/05-02/09 2 24 September 2009 ICC-02/05-02/09-91-Red 25-09-2009 3/33 EO PT I. THE PERSON CHARGED................................................................................................................ 5 II. STATEMENT OF FACTS .................................................................................................................... 6 A. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ -
Nasty Neighbors Resolving the Chad–Sudan Proxy War
www.enoughproject.org NASTY NEIGHBORS Resolving the Chad–Sudan Proxy War By Colin Thomas-Jensen ENOUGH Strategy Paper 17 April 2008 t’s bad enough that the international commu- Peacemaking: The United States and key part- nity has failed, five years in, to end the geno- ners—such as France, the United Kingdom, China, Icide in Darfur, and worse still that it reacted the European Union, the United Nations, and the with no urgency when the Darfur crisis bled into African Union—must commit adequate diplomatic neighboring Chad. With the root causes of conflict and financial resources to a major peace initiative in each country still untended, this regional crisis for Sudan and Chad. A full-court diplomatic press is poised to deepen. to resolve the conflict in Darfur must be matched with efforts to bring about profound political The agreement signed on March 13 in Dakar, Sen- changes inside Chad and, ultimately, end the proxy egal, between Chadian President Idriss Déby and war between Sudan and Chad.1 Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir might have ap- peared a spot of good news for a part of the world Protection: The international community must that has been on a steady slide toward chaos. It take steps to protect civilians by expediting the wasn’t. Relations between Chad and Sudan are so full deployment of the joint U.N./EU hybrid mission volatile and international diplomacy so feeble that to Chad and the hybrid U.N./AU mission to Darfur. a non-aggression pact between the two countries The U.N. -
Local and Regional Dimensions of Chad–Sudan Rapprochement
25 Renouncing the Rebels: Local and Regional Dimensions of Chad–Sudan Rapprochement By Jérôme Tubiana Copyright Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva 2011 First published in March 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organi- zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. Small Arms Survey Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Edited by Diana Rodriguez and Emile LeBrun Copy-edited by Alex Potter ([email protected]) Proofread by John Linnegar ([email protected]) Typeset in Optima and Palatino by Richard Jones ([email protected]) Printed by nbmedia in Geneva, Switzerland ISBN 978-2-940415-48-9 2 Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 25 Tubiana Denouncing the Rebels 3 Contents List of abbreviations and acronyms .................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive summary ..................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Darfur Peace Process Chronology
DARFUR PEACE PROCESS CHRONOLOGY 2006 5 May: The predominantly Zaghawa Sudan Liberation Army-Minni Minawi (SLA- MM) and the Sudanese government sign the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) in Abuja; SLA-Abdul Wahid Mohamed al Nur (SLA-AW) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) do not. Limited support for the agreement and a failure to sell (or even explain) it to civil society, Darfur’s Arabs, and the masses in the displaced camps, plus scant attention to implementation as insecurity deepens, condemn it to irrelevance. A decision to seek wider support by allowing splinter groups to sign Declarations of Commitment backfires, encouraging factional splits and divide-and- rule tactics. In September United Nations (UN) special envoy Jan Pronk will tell the UN Security Council: ‘In hindsight, maybe we should have taken more time. Not to get a better agreement, but in order to bring on board all parties.’ 30 June: Non-signatories, including JEM, form the National Redemption Front in Eritrea, creating a military alliance that hands the army a number of crushing defeats before it breaks apart at year-end. 16 November: The African Union (AU) and UN decide to ‘re-energize’ the peace process by organizing talks between the government and non-signatories. Tanzania’s Salim Ahmed Salim, chief mediator in Abuja, and Jan Eliasson, a former Swedish foreign minister, are appointed joint mediators for the AU and UN, respectively. 2007 8 June: The mediators announce a three-phase ‘road map’ that consists of aligning regional initiatives; uniting the rebel movements; and holding new talks. In July, Chad, Eritrea, and Libya agree to coordinate with the ‘hybrid’ mediation and phase one is declared a success. -
Annex B (Confidential)
ICC-01/11-01/11-640-AnxB 08-06-2018 1/356 RH PT ICC-01/11-01/11-640-Conf-AnxB 06-06-2018 1/356 NM PT Pursuant to Pre-Trial Chamber I's instruction, dated 08/06/2018, this document is reclassified as "Public" ANNEX B (CONFIDENTIAL) ICC-01/11-01/11-640-AnxB 08-06-2018 2/356 RH PT ICC-01/11-01/11-640-Conf-AnxB 06-06-2018 2/356 NM PT Pursuant to Pre-Trial Chamber I's instruction, dated 08/06/2018, this document is reclassified as "Public" ICC Restricted Draft Translation of Evidence Original Document ERN Range LBY-OTP-0051-0004 Source Language Arabic Number of Pages 354 Translation ERN Range Translated LBY-OTP-0051-0004 Target Language(s) English Number of Pages 355 ICC Restricted LBY-OTP-0062-0280 ICC-01/11-01/11-640-AnxB 08-06-2018 3/356 RH PT ICC-01/11-01/11-640-Conf-AnxB 06-06-2018 3/356 NM PT Pursuant to Pre-Trial Chamber I's instruction, dated 08/06/2018, this document is reclassified as "Public" ICC Restricted NH/3 1 Libya Ministry of Justice In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate Tripoli Court of Civil Appeals The Fourteenth Criminal Circuit [stamp] Libya Ministry of Justice Tripoli Court of Appeals Deposited at the Registry of the Tripoli Court of Appeals Date: 28/7/2015 Corresponding to: / / (3) Secretary: [signature] At the public session held on 12 Shawwal 1436 AH corresponding to 28/7/2015 AD. At the headquarters of the Tripoli Court of Appeal, presided by Counsellor Naji Muhammad al-Amin With the membership of Counsellors Mr. -
The Implications of the JEM Attack on Omdurman
Implications of JEM attack 120508 The Implications of the JEM Attack on Omdurman Introduction 1. The dust has not settled after the fighting in Omdurman on 10 May. The full implications of the attempt to capture the national capital will only become clear in the weeks ahead. Nonetheless it is clear that the attack will have immense reverberations in Sudanese and regional politics. The game has changed. 2. At the time of writing, the rebels have withdrawn from Omdurman and the government is in control of most of the city. But there are JEM units at large in Kordofan which may have other targets in mind, possibly including al Obeid and locations in the Northern State such as Dongola or the Kajbar or Meroe dams. 3. The attack appears to have been a joint exercise by JEM and the Government of Chad. The two leaders—Khalil Ibrahim and Idriss Deby—have become increasingly close and Deby’s denials do not carry credibility. Sudan is now at war with Chad. A third internal partner within the PCP or army is probable though unspecified and unconfirmed. 4. The Sudan government and especially its security leaders have been embarrassed and humiliated by the attack. The al Bashir government is a national security regime and its failure to prevent the attack will undermine its credibility. The security leadership will pay a price in the months ahead. But it is probable that internal reckoning will wait until the government has regained its internal confidence with decisive military action. There is much fighting to be done and in the meantime international leverage is modest. -
Darfurian Voices
DARFURIAN VOICES Documenting Darfurian Refugees’ Views on Issues of Peace, Justice, and Reconciliation A Project By 24 Hours For Darfur DARFURIANVOICES.ORG Documenting Darfurian Refugees’ DARFURIAN VOICES Views on Issues of Peace, Justice, and Reconciliation Authors, Jonathan Loeb Contributors, Benjamin Naimark-Rowse and Matthew Bowlby Ethan Siller Field Researchers Chad Hazlett Mohialdin Abdullah Abdelbagy Abushanab Elnour Adam Hissein Idris Adam Basmat Ahmed Abdelkerim Bachar Zuhair Bashar Khamis Hassan Djime Awad Hassan Anders Hastrup Dr. Siddick Adam Issa Aziz Idriss Mahassan Izzadine Abdelrahim Kadok Suad Mansour Munira Mohamed A Project By 24 Hours For Darfur Djafar Abakar Mohamed DARFURIANVOICES.ORG Chama Hassan Mohamed Mahamat Al-Fatih Oumar Collin Raymond Aziza Al Sheikh Zeinab Suleiman Jérôme Tubiana Iridimi Refugee Camp, eastern Chad. Woman and baby prepare for a sandstorm, Gaga Refugee Camp, eastern Chad. Women carrying water from a water point, Djabal Refugee Camp, eastern Chad. Soccer game, Djabal Refugee Camp, eastern Chad. A Project By 24 Hours For Darfur In Collaboration With: Res Publica The Darfur People’s Association of New York The Darfur Rehabilitation Project The Genocide Intervention Network The Lowenstein Human Rights Project at Yale Law School The information provided and views expressed in this report are those of 24 Hours for Darfur alone and do not necessarily reflect those of its collaborating organizations. darfurianvoices.org 13 Contents Authors, Contributors, and Field Researchers 3 Background Notes Partner -
Sudanese Role in Libya 2011 REPORTS
African Perspectives REPORTS Sudanese Role in Libya 2011 Asim Fathelrahman Ahmed Researcher and Strategic Expert in African Affairs Introduction: Sudan Played a pivotal role in the Libyan crisis in 2011, and has had a significant impact on the process of change that took place in Libya during that period, which brought radical changes in the equation of governance in Libya. With the arrival of the rebels in Tripoli, on 21 August of the year 2011, the National Transitional Council (NTC) assumed power control in most Libyan areas, fol- lowing a grinding war involving the international community, rep- resented by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), as well as the involvement of other individual countries such as the Sudan with its security and military forces, and Qatar using its own money, for the benefit of the National Transitional Council (NTC) to overthrow the Gaddafi regime. Colonel Muammar Gad- dafi himself, who had governed Libya for a period of 42 years, was killed on October 20, 2011, allegedly by Libyan revolutionaries inside the Libyan territories. The events that started in February and ended in October 2011 had a substantial impact on national, regional and international levels. The relationship between Sudan and Libya was important for both govern- ments. The Sudanese actions arose as a result of the negative effects of the Gaddafi regime policies towards the Sudan, especially its impact on its na- tional security, as the Gaddafi regime used to provide logistic support to the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) and other Darfur rebel (1) move- ments, as well as the Gaddafi regime’s threats to the Sudanese-Chadian rela- tions and to Sudan's relations with other neighboring states. -
The Killing of Khalil Ibrahim: Repercussions and Implications for the Conflict in Sudan
Position Paper The Killing of Khalil Ibrahim: Repercussions and Implications for the Conflict in Sudan Al Jazeera Centre for Studies Al Jazeera Centre for Studies Tel: +974-44663454 19 January 2012 [email protected] http://studies.aljazeera.net Crucial developments marked the scene in Sudan in 2011. The beginning of 2011 witnessed a referendum around self-determination for the south. This referendum saw popular support in favour of the secession of South Sudan, with South Sudan officially become an independent State in mid 2011. Innumerable challenges saw a series of political, military and economic crises erupt as a result of the country’s division. With the return of conflict in what is known as the ‘new South’, that is in Southern Kordofan and the Blue Nile area, chances for a sustainable peace were dealt a severe blow. Additionally, the formation of the Coalition of Revolutionary Forces resulted in the spread of armed opposition. This latest rebellion extends from the Blue Nile on the eastern border, to Darfur on the western border. In the midst of these rapid developments that flagged the failure of peace in favour of the division of Sudan, heralded the worst-case scenario: an end to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement witnessed both a loss of the country’s unity and of sustainable peace. The conflict was reignited, and with an announcement by the armed opposition that its goal is to overthrow President Omar al-Bashir, suggestions are that the conflict will be wider and closer to the centre of power. While the Darfur Peace Agreement was plodding its way towards confirming its feasibility, the killing of Dr. -
CHAPTER III the Conflict in Darfur Is Not Happened in One Night, It Has
CHAPTER III THE DYNAMIC OF DARFUR CONFLICT The conflict in Darfur is not happened in one night, it has long story background. Thus, the chapter will explain the history, introduce the actors involved in the conflict, examine the dynamic of the conflict, and give the impact of the conflict. A. History of the Land of Fur Figure 3.1 The Map of Sudan; Darfur and Khortum Source: https://www.hmh.org/ Darfur, (Arabic: Land of the Fur) also known as the Western Darfur, historical location of the Billād al-Sūdān (Arabic: “Land of the Blacks”), generally comparing to the western of Sudan. It placed between Kordofan to the east and Wadai to the west and amplified southward to the Al-Ghazali River and northward to the Libyan Desert. Darfur consists of a very wide plain that has approximately 170,000 square miles (440,000 square km). The volcanic highland of Marrah Mountains dominate the central part of this plain. The Marrah Mountains have an average height of 7,200 feet (2,200 meters), with the highest peak rising to 10,131 feet (3,088 meters) (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britania, 2015). In another part of Darfur that had fewer populations are relatively arid areas, especially within the north nearby the Libya Desert territory. In ancient times the northern occupants of Darfur were related to the pre dynastic people groups of the Nile Stream valley. From generally 2500 BC Darfur was probably within the circle of the Egyptian caravans that traded southward from Aswan. Its first begin with conventional rulers, the Daju (Dagu), may have been associated with old Egypt and the trade was conducted from Darfur with Egypt during the New Kingdom and with the cities of Napata and Meroe within the Kingdom of Kush (Cush; presently in northern Sudan). -
International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General
Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1564 of 18 September 2004 Geneva, 25 January 2005 1 International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur Report to the Secretary-General Executive Summary Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, on 18 September 2004 the Security Council adopted resolution 1564 requesting, inter alia, that the Secretary-General ‘rapidly establish an international commission of inquiry in order immediately to investigate reports of violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law in Darfur by all parties, to determine also whether or not acts of genocide have occurred, and to identify the perpetrators of such violations with a view to ensuring that those responsible are held accountable’. In October 2004, the Secretary General appointed Antonio Cassese (Chairperson), Mohamed Fayek, Hina Jilani, Dumisa Ntsebeza and Therese Striggner-Scott as members of the Commission and requested that they report back on their findings within three months. The Commission was supported in its work by a Secretariat headed by an Executive Director, Ms. Mona Rishmawi, as well as a legal research team and an investigative team composed of investigators, forensic experts, military analysts, and investigators specializing in gender violence, all appointed by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. The Commission assembled in Geneva and began its work on 25 October 2004. In order to discharge its mandate, the Commission endeavoured to fulfil four key tasks: (1) to investigate reports of violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law in Darfur by all parties; (2) to determine whether or not acts of genocide have occurred; (3) to identify the perpetrators of violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law in Darfur; and (4) to suggest means of ensuring that those responsible for such violations are held accountable. -
FIL-45-2007 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation June 6, 2007 550 17Th Street NW, Washington, D.C
Financial Institution Letter FIL-45-2007 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation June 6, 2007 550 17th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20429-9990 OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons Summary: The Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control has added new entries to its Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons list. Distribution: Highlights: FDIC-Supervised Banks (Commercial and Savings) • On May 29, 2007, the Department of the Treasury’s Suggested Routing: Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) added new Chief Executive Officer entries to its Specially Designated Nationals and BSA Compliance Officer Blocked Persons list, under the DARFUR and SUDAN categories. Related Topics: • The new entries are attached. Office of Foreign Assets Control • OFAC information also may be found on the Internet at http://www.treas.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac. • Please distribute this information to the appropriate Attachment: New Entries List personnel in your institution. • For further information about Executive Orders, the list of blocked accounts or the procedures to block Contact: accounts, please call OFAC’s Compliance Programs Review Examiner Eric S. Walker at Division at 1-800-540-6322. [email protected] or (202) 898-3673 Note: FDIC Financial Institution Letters (FILs) may be accessed from the FDIC's Web site at www.fdic.gov/news/news/financial/2007/index.html To receive FILs electronically, please visit http://www.fdic.gov/about/subscriptions/fil.html. Paper copies of FDIC FILs may be obtained through the FDIC's Public Information Center, 3501 Fairfax Drive, Room E 1002, Arlington, VA 22226 (1-877-275-3342 or 703-562-2200).