' F ’ H I STORY O ST . PAT RI CKS CHU RCH ,

C A R Ll S L E , P E N N S Y LVA N I A .

R GA N BY E V . H . G . SS .

I N R D T I N T O U C O .

“ ” Go tea ch a l l n a ti ons The divine commission , , has been one to which the Catholic Ch u r c h has ever been true and faithful one woven like a tissue of gold in her nineteen centuried history ; one inseparably connected with the h er t h e divinity of organization and existence . After pentecostal outpouring of the Holy S pirit, she entered upon her stupendous mission with marks and prerogatives in which the whole human family from the uncultured

Lombard and Goth to the erudite Greek and Roman , dis cerned the presence of gifts which belong to th e super natural order and of graces which connect her by an almost visible bond with the unseen world . These gifts and r graces , as histo y records , have been her inheritance , not only in apostolic ages , but are poured out as lavishly in our own generation as in any that preceded it . It is by h t is token , and not by numerical success , that we recog n ize the apostolic commission . 4

’ S t . Paul s mission was the same when pursued and m ob stoned by the at Lystra , as when his disciples

’ ‘ embraced and kissed him s or r o wz ng t/z a z zk ey sh ou l d see ’ ” bzs a ce no mor e f .

o f The Church never changes , is the complaint her adversaries . They might with the same truthfulness say that her apostles and missionaries likewise never change , t to from S t . S tephen and S . Paul the sainted successors

e whose careers may be touched upon in th se pages . The missionary spirit is the outgrowth o f Christianity

e f the missionary the lin al descendant o the apostle . In rea ding profane history we n ever encounter that yearning e e n ot desire , unsw rving z al , tireless energy , to mention the spirit of total self- abandonment and absorption of t o of every personal motive, to bring men a higher sphere m o r T o o ne orality spirituality . save soul the missionary T h e cheerfully makes the sacrifice . ancient philosophers , n o matter h ow enthusiastic in the advocacy of their l a of or doctrines , never left the p easant h unts Academus a of d o f the alluring ple sures Athens , under the gui ance a e humane , sublime impulse to instruct the ignorant, consol

e the sorrowing , ameliorate the wr tchedness of the th e of oppressed , lift up downtrodden , or sow the seeds peace and tranquility among hostile nations . This has been the divinely ap pointed mission o f the —a Church mission in which she has been always faithful , n or has ever faltered . Her ambassadors paled before no 5

no obstacle , shrank from no danger, were disheartened by

f . s ailure Neither oceans nor tempests , neither the ice ” h eat o f z of the pole nor the the trop ics can damp their eal , h i s says Chateaubriand . They live with the Esquimaux in seal - skin cabin : t hey . subsist on train - oil with the Green lander : they traverse the solitude with th e Tartar or the Iroquois : they mount the dromedary of the Arab or afir accompany the wandering C in his burning deserts ,

Not an island , not a rock in the ocean , has ‘ as of escaped their zeal ; and old , the kingdoms of the earth were inadequate to the ambition of Alexander, so ” th e globe is too contracted for their charity . With t h e first settlement of this newly disc overed country , actuated by the dream of wealth or the excite i n ment of adventure , in search of social advancement or pursuit of political ambition , fleeing from religious perse u ti on c or fugitives from political tyranny , naturally a heterogeneous element crowded our sh or esfir Cut from th e h secure moorings of godly omes , untouched by o fl religi us in uences , unhampered by legal restraints, d a midst environments calculated —to sound the manhood a n search the faith of the strongest many souls were swer v

h ate a u b r i an en i u s o Ch r i sti a n i t Bo o I V . . C d G f y , k , p 557

' 1' T yr a n ny a n d i nj u sti c e peopl ed A mer i ca wi t h m en n u r t u r ed i n s u ffer i n g a n d " i t T h e h i st o r o f u r o i z ati o n i s th i s to r o fth e c r i es o f u r o e . a dve r s y . y o c lon e h y m E p f ’ Ba n cr o t VI I 1 . T h r o u ou t t h i s P a er th e ost on 1 8 edi ti on o f Ban cr o t s f , , 4 ( gh p B ( 79) a s n u s e W or k ) h bee d . 6

t a ing in their loyal y , wandering in a st te of religious i ndiffer despondency, infected with the incipient stages of enti sm , that would finally culminate in unbelief and

a . apost sy Nor is this to be wondered at , taking in view the well-nigh insurmountable obstacles that awaited the “ ” papist, the barriers both legal and social that handi capped his material prosperity , and the blandishments and inducements held out by worldly considerations that tried his soul .

To the ministers of the true Faith , this sight aroused anxiety and caused alarm . They turned their eyes to the th e on of distant shores , saw soul in peril account the lack r of spi itual sustenance , saw many unable to cope with the ou t o f temptations held on the verge apostasy , saw others with their dying lips pray for the sweet consolations of T h e Holy Church which came not . missionary spirit at once grasped the situation ; its agents were true t o their holy vocations and apostolic traditions . .They came fired with burning zeal . Though they had to encounter cruel and superstitious peoples ; had to enter into the midst of barbarism and savagery ; had t o run counter to the p r ej u dices of jealous nationality and fierce bigotry ; though they had to penetrate trackless forests , wade through mephitic swamps , cross foaming torrents , ford treacherous rivers , climb inaccessi—ble mountains , face griping hunger and parching thirst, benumbing cold and exhausting heat , they came full of sweetness and charity . In face of all , we find them ever dauntless , hopeful , patient and perse ver i n — h g, with the crucifix in their ands , and the image f s o the Cr u c i fied in their heart .

In the annals of early American history , surely the missionary will be awarded a high niche . His conquests though unseen were none the less factors in the develop ment , peace and prosperity of the country . Or is not he whose life is spent in the recesses of the forest , who per of forms works the loftiest heroism without applause , dies a painful death without a spectator, is consigned to his grave without a tear, and lies buried without an epitaph — , his name even not in the ken of mankind , all to procure v — eternal happiness to some unknown sa age, does not such a one point out to us the loftiest type of humanity which we are able to conceive ! “ The salvation of one soul is worth more th an th e con o f quest an empire , says the heroic Champlain . It was s i the keynote of mis ionary to l , prayers and martyrdom , and though undertaken by foreign priests having fr e quently but a most imperfect idea of the language and d customs of the people whose hardships they share , and m u nfitted from a hu an standpoint of calculation , totally for the work before them , in the Providence of God they th e brought about most brilliant achievements , and laid n the foundation deep and stro g , of that spiritual edifice i which now challenges the admirat on of the nation . Alone and u naided they had to scale an almost immovable of s breastwork oppo ition under a galling fire of invective, calumny and persecution . How they fulfilled their mis s ion , how they accomplished their task , and the abiding a nd permanent result of some of their labors , can be gleaned from the few fragmentary a nd discursive pages that follow .

T CHAP ER I .

F I N I A — S TATUS O CATHOLICS COL ON L TIMES . DISABILITIES OF EARLY CATHOLIC SETTLERS . One of the most perplexing problems that confronts the c ursory reader of Catholic history in colonial times , is the d oubt, uncertainty and mystery that shrouds the original of s ettlers its creed in this country . The scant data that have been preserved and rescued , at times make the per l exi t p y all the more impenetrable, and when the meagre traditions a r e stripped of the glamor of romance and the a ccretions of years , they are found at times lamentably d ff efective in historic truthfulness , and a ord but the faint est clue to historical research . In a measure this may be accounted for by the anoma

o r c o - lous position u religionists occupied . Their numerical s mallness ; the studied secretiveness that frequently s u r r ounded their movements , was more a matter of necessity t han choice . Again it may be explained by the poverty a n d helplessness on the one hand , and the covert antagon 9

th e ism , if not open hostility , on other, that dogged their

‘ A anf nt d to every footstep . n intol erant bigotry that ou e virtual ostracism kept them from the more pop ulou s towns ; penal laws that in effe ct made th em disfranchised aliens , prevented their acquisition of property or bar red the way to civic or mil itary preferment ; an iner adicable

c e . ar e prejudi e coupled their nam . with disloyalty They

i denounced as the creatures ofa fore ign potentate decr ed as abettors of the French ; branded as the, ever helpful allies of th e marauding and massacring Indian ; watched f om ntor s . as e of discord , sworn foes of the State The birth of religi ous toleration was typically a nd spe c i fic al l e n f y the outgrowth of American id as , a d orms one of u the pro d achievements of our national ch arac ter, as s well a an absorbing chapter in our history . The univer sal e toleration , both civil and religious , which was herald d to the four quarters of the globe , and which Lord Brougham ” e o d clared to be the noblest innovation f modern times , th e t l though exclusive produc of American ideas , had al th e i a e same when closely stud ed , nothing mor e th n. a mer

- factitious existence . In incul c ating this h eaven born prin i l e i d c p , expediency d not always go hand in hand with s i t ju tice , nor was the law meted out w th any pretence o equity . Poper y and treason were still universally accepted s e t e a c onvertible terms. Th orists and philosophers in h eighteenth century descante d garru lously a nd metaphysic h e ally on religious liberty , and in lurid colors portrayed t I O

’ evils of intolerance and persecution for conscience sake , but no approach towards such a consummation was ever seriously attempted . However, it was reserved for the framers o f our National Constitution to formulate and of promulgate the fundamental principle government , that every man should be at liberty to worship God a c ” t of cording to the dic ates his individual conscience, and that a perpetual divorce between the national government and every form of religious establishment should be en n forced . America was the first ation to enunciate the two

c on laws of civil and religious liberty , the two greatest tr i bu tor s t wo to modern civilization , the most important factors in the growth and prosperity of the nation , the of evangel that made it the home the oppressed , the o f h i l o so asylum of the persecuted , the Utopia poet and p a d pher . S , however, is the reflection that in spite of vehement protests and diplomatic advocacy , it required nearly two centuries to vitalize thes e human e laws and make them embrace in their scope a nd comprehensiveness those for whose amelioration and protection they were

first enacted . Nominally , religious liberty was permitted th e in a few colonies , but summarily denied in majority of o f them . In all them , however, the Catholic was spe c i fic al l y excluded from the rights and immunities of full

n ot o r citizenship , in so far that he could hold a civil mili

ofic e w n or a tary ithout committi g perjury postasy . With some qualifications the humane intentions of benefic ent I I

lawgivers were thwarted and made nugatory , not only by d h local enactments , but by an inera icable bigotry , whic even legal claims could not override . What William

Penn , the most august and imposing figure of colonial d ' times , could not succee in bringing to the minds and hearts of the American people, a less devout man but more ff e adroit statesman , Thomas Je erson , finally engraft d on the constitution of the country . Could the former have brought his conceptions of universal toleration , civil and religious , to a successful termination , which , handicapped as he was by local obstacles and hereditary prejudices , seemed almost impossible , he would literally deserve the ” title of emancipator, which now an admiring and grate ful posterity can only acclaim him figuratively .

The evolution of religious toleration , from the vague promises held out by pioneers in this country , to its full and radiant accomplishment after nearly two centuries of strife and opposition , is a story particularly interesting to 1 60 the Catholic . From the settlement of Virginia , in 9, ’ e R down to the period of the Am rican evolution , a man s full enjoyment or complete abridgement ofhis civil rights was entirely dependent on his ready conformity to the establishe d religion dominant in the Province in which he T h e lived . humane enactments of a Lord Baltimore, a on Roger Williams and a William Penn , which the most e th e fulsome praise is lavished , and which even then mad heart of humanity throb in . admiration and pride , left no 2

o r on en trace vestige colonial legislation . During the tire colonial period the Catholic was almost as much an of alien , disfranchised and scorned , in this boasted land liberty , as he was in his native country , from which he fled with a view o f escaping the iron hand of persecution and eluding the espionage which would tear him from his altar and wean his children from the faith of their sainted ancestors . As long as he remained in a state of unoh served quiescence no attention and opposition was enc ou n

' ter ed , but as soon as he wished to verify the vaunting boast that liberty was after all no empty phrase , he was confronted by a clamor of protest and rese ntment that taught him the prudential lesson that flight was at times f the better part o valor . During the entire colonial period “ we were essentially a nation of Protestants and took similar (European) methods of maintaining and perpetuating our

Protestantism , excluding those who dissented from it from sharing in th e government and frankly adop ting the policy which had prevaile d in England from the time of Q u een In other words the obnoxious and inhuman penal laws were transplanted to this new country f and enforced with a pitiless severity , as far as civil pre er n the ment, was co cerned , only equalled by that of countries from which the refugees had fled in quest of peace and liberty . — n R l u T t i n w n za l P e nns l va n i 1 0 S t i e e o s es : P r o c a . . igi y , p 1 3

a h In Virgini , where the English C urch was established a d s w e by law n sumptuou ly endo ed , all men were oblig d under severe penalties , vigorously enforced , to have their children baptized . Quakers and Catholics were expelled; and upon returning the third time were liable to capital punishment . In New England no quarter or mercy was e 1 6 1 ver shown to the Catholic . In 9 , a law was enacted in Massachusetts abrogating the barb—arous . brutalities perpetrated under the old theocracy , permitting all — Christians the exercise of their various beliefs excepting , of course , Roman Catholics . However, only a Congrega ti onal i st could be a freeman , whilst all , irrespective of f church a filiation , had to pay a tax to support the ministry on of that particular denominati . In Maine , New Hamp e shire , and Connecticut the same syst m of intolerance was religiously in vogue , and conformity to the dominant sect was the pledge of civil ‘ liberty and the stepping stone to fli i al o c . life and business emoluments In New York , di s Catholic priests were not permitted to set foot , and if c e , e n nd ov red were escorted to the stat bou dary , a only s r u reptitiously , at the peril of their lives, could they bap

i z e t or administer the consolations of holy religion . The th exer c i se h i s l Catholic , though denied e of faith , was al th e same compelled to pay an annual tax toward the s th e upport of Episcopal rectors, who had charge of s —a legally con tituted parishes , charge having a mere

at . geographical existence times In New Jersey , when 1 4

1 02 the colony was under royal authority , in 7 , with much of parade and display , liberty conscience was trumpeted throughout the land to attract emigrants . Papists and * a n Quakers were again specific lly excluded . In Maryla d 1 6 6 the English Church was established in 9 , and its first official act was t o disfranchise the very Catholics and their children wh o were the first to proclaim religion on these 1 6 1 0 shores in 49. In Carolina an act was passed in 7 4, requiring all members of the Assembly to partake o f the ’ sacrament ofthe Lord s Supper according to the rites o f f n the Church o E ngland . Georgia followi g the precedents established , gave religious freedom to all sects — ” and denominations but withheld it from the Papists .

Thus we see in all the colonies , he who did not conform to the established religion o f the colony in which he lived , whether it was Episcopalianism or Congregational

n o t ism , had his liberties only curtailed , and his way

T h e Ca t h ol i c P r o pr i et a r i es i n M a r yl a n d we r e t h e fir s t t o gr a n t r el i gi o u s t ol er a ti on ( 1 666) a n d e mi gr a n t s a r r i ved fr om ever y cl i m e ; a n d t h e c oloni a l l egi s l atu r e ext en e i t s a th i t a n i o s a l l a s t s Fr o Fr a n c e c a m e d d s ymp es o m y n at n s we s ec . m H u u en ot s fr o G er a n fr o H ol l a n r o S e en r o Fi n n l a nd I el i ev e g , m m y, m d , f m w d , f m , b fr o m P i edm o n t t h e c hi l dr en of m i s fo r t u n e s o u ght pr ot ec ti on u n der th e t o l er a n t — —“ s c e pt r e o ft h e R o m a n a n d fift een ye a r s l a t er R om a n C at h ol i cs w er e di s fr a n c h i s ed i n th e pr o vi nc e t h ey h a d On th e s o i l whi c h l o n g b e or e o c k e l e a de fo r t ol er a t i o n o r P e n n fo r r el i i o u s fr e e o a a th ol i c r o r i e f L p d g d m , C p p t a r h ad o en e d t o P r ot es t a n t s t h e a th ol i c i n a i t a n ts e c a e t h e vi c ti o f y p , C h b b m m A n l i c a n i n t ol er a n c e Ma ss m i h t n o t be s a i u l i c l N o a th o l i c i h t te a c g , g d p b y. C m g h n th a i l m e a n a e e l a w th e o u . I f e a r d c o f a a i s t ou l b u t e c o o st at th y g w yw h d p p w d b p , r est e fr o h i s a r en ts a s ar e o ft e i r r o er t S u c er e th e e th ods w d m p h h p p y. h w m ” a do t e t o r e ve n t t h e r o t o f o er p d p g w h p p y. 1

ft v l I I . i n r I b d 8 . bi d 2 1 2 a c o o . . I . . B , . , p 4 1 , p . 1 , p . f barred to civil o fice or military promotion , but was at the same time compelled to support by irksome taxation the arbitrary despotism that oppressed him , which was all the more galling, cloaked as it was in the garb of religion . i n As for the Catholic , like the negro slavery days , he had no constitutional rights that need be respected . He was disfranchised and allowed to eke out an existence more from motives of pity than love of justice . He could ffi neither vote nor hold o ce , was compelled to support a creed and ministry , both of which he held in abhorrence and detestation . He was the sport and victim of the most contracted bigotry , which at times assumed the attitude of bitter hostility and cruel persecution . But was there not a more tolerant and friendly spirit manifested in Pennsylvania towards the Catholic and dis senter Was not the land of Penn during the provincial period heralded throughout the civilized world as th e classic land of religious liberty , where liberty of con science was the corner—stone of the foundation upon which the commonwealth was erected ! Was it a vain boast or rhetorical bombast when Edmund Burke said All per sons who profess to believe in one God are freely tolerated , and those who believe in Jesus Christ , of whatsoever de nomination , are not excluded from employment and posts ! It is true th at in Pennsylvania an ameliorated and more just condition of affairs presents itself. Dissenters and 1 6

n ot Papists were burned because they were heretics, no r banished because they were schismatics . It is again n o true , there was established Church to be supported by of legal taxation , and the public exercise religion met n with a charitable co nivance if not tacit toleration . At ’ ’ t h e this period modest St . Joseph s Chapel , in Willing s

Alley, Philadelphia , was used for Catholic services , and “ there can be n o doubt that it was the only place in the original thirteen States where Mass was permitted to be publicly celebrated prior to the R evolution ” Yet this reluctant toleration was permitted more in the nature of a favor than granted as an inalienable right . All prospects of the Catholic sharing in the full rights and privileges of citizenship were set at naught by o ne insuperable bar — 1 6 t 1 . o rier the obnoxious Test Oath From 93 775 , both u n o h nder the Crown and Proprietaries , one could old o fli c e in Pennsylvania who was not obliged , as an indis pensable condition precedent, to take and subscribe to the i following oath , which , after swearing alleg ance to the or e o n m a reigning king qu en , goes circu stanti lly to state “ We do sol emn ly p r omi s e a nd decl a r e th a t we fr om ou r h ea r ts a bh or a n d detes t a nd denou nce a s i mp i ou s a nd h er eti ca l th a t da mna bl e doctr i ne a nd p os i ti on th a t P r i nces excomm u ni ca ted or dep r i ved by th e P ope or a ny a u th or i ty of th e S ee of R ome may be dep osed or mu r der ed b th ei r s u b ects or a n er son wh a tsoev r A nd e . y j , y p we do decl a r e th a t no or e n r i nce er son r el a te , f i g p , p , p ,

1 8 could any foreigner be naturalized unless he wa s a Prot * esta n t . For this anomalous and inconsistent status of Catholics

Penn was in no way responsible . He was the sworn champion of religious liberty, and this in the face of the N or most vehement opposition . did he ever swerve for a moment in his advocacy of principles which he must have realized would eventually prevail . His intentions were so transparently pure that only the blindest bigotry i m

u ned . p g them His intuitions , in the line of conduct of mapped out in pursuit of liberty conscience , seemed visionary and chimerical under the trying circumstances in which they were first proclaimed , but his unerring faith in the justice and wisdom of his cause must have foreshadowed the consummation that in the course of time would eventualize . His mild but unshaken faith on this subject exposed him to misconception and denuncia tion . He was stigmatized as a Papist , a Jesuit , a pupil of

St . Omer , an emissary of the Pope. Could Penn have

- pursued his own mapped out course , untrammeled by

- trans Atlantic influences , unhampered by the hereditary o f ff prej udices his subjects , he would have e ectually silenced the low mutterings of di sa fle c ti on stirred up by o ne his humane conduct , and lived to see his sublime idea an accomplished fact .

I b d . 1 i . , p 5 . I 9

Unhappily i n the charter granted to Penn by Charles

II , which invested him with well nigh plenipotentiary of powers government , both civil and ecclesiastical , an I I h ambuscade was laid for him in S ection V , by whic all laws enacted by the Provincial Assembly must receive the approval of Privy Council in England , which reserved for itself the right of adopt ing or repealing them for a space of five years . It was this veto power of the Privy Council in addition ‘ to the sectarian bias that frustrated the most chivalrous , wise and humane effort ever made to give to every man the indefeasible right of worshipping God according to th e dictates of conscience , a tolerance that has since its adop tion been an exhaustless channel of spiritual grace and n civic virtue and patriotic stre gth to our country . 1 6 th e As we intimated above , it was not until 77 that War of Independence gave us both civil and religious liberty, and by some strange irony of fate , the first civil ofli c e ever held in Pennsylvania , was held by a priest , and

a esu i t of he J , Fa ther Ferdinand Farmer, who by an Act

Assembly reorganizing the College of Philadelphia, in 1 —th e A c t 779 , was appointed a Trustee of the institution , describing him “ as the S enior Minister of the Roman Churches in That the above assertions are borne out by histori c

— ’ S ti l l é R el z ou s Tests i n P r ovi n ci a l P en ns l va n i a . . ig y , p 39 20

evidence , we will glean from a few data gathered at random t o prove that the Catholic . in colonial times simply could not make the rapid strides in social life,

e business prosperity , civic pref rment , military achieve ment, educational advancement, as his more fortunate

Protestant neighbor, and this owing to adverse circum stances beyond his power o fcontrol . “ i s R He who known here as a oman Catholic , says “ A c r el i u s - , is hated as a half devil , but he who has no ' esteem ed for religion is just as much it , as though he thereby showed himself quite

The pious , humane and tolerant Penn himself was coerced by so strong and aggressive a pressure against his i Catholic subjects , that at least ostens bly to silence the t o i rasping clamors of bigots , he was compelled wr te to 2 1 08 James Logan , his colonial Governor, July 9, 7 , There is a complaint against your government that you ” su fler to ma nner public Mass be said in a scandalous . T He subsequently recurs to the same subject “ It has become a reproach to me here with the officers of the ff o f crown , that you have su ered the scandal Mass to be ” publicly celebrated . I The pious zeal of the holy missionar ies in reclaiming the Indians from heathenism and savagery to Christianity

H i s tor o N ew S weden . 2 . y f , p 35

m n na v l 2 M o H i t c o P e . o I L . . e . s . S o . . f f f , , p 94 ’ — n o i l a I W a tso n s A na ls f P h . 2 1

—an h and civilization , act of heroism , that was accomplis ed by jeopardizing their lives , is attributed to treasonable d u . esigns , and at once they become objects of s spicion When Father Molyneux was acti ng as interpreter for the Indian s of the Six Nations at Lancaster during June and 1 th e July , 744, following accusation is at once formulated “ cer ta i n a and circulated . It is th t at the time of our i x treaty with the Indians of ye S Nations at Lancaster, h Father Molyneux , ye principal of our Jesuits , was wit them and there is grave reason to suspect that he went there for no othe r reason than t o dissuade ye Indians from ” making peace with us . On his return to Maryland he w as h arrested , only to be honorably disc arged with these “ n grudging words of rehabilitatio , The council called m Mr . Molyneux before them a nd after having exa ined w him privately , discharged him ithout any public mark of The first Catholic we encounter in Cumberland County

e n is under the ban . Gov rnor S harpe , of Maryla d , in his m P enns l co munications with Governor Hamilton , of y 1 f 0 o . vania , as early as 75 , speaks a Mr Campbell , who “ n lived in S hippensburg, as a dangerous man , bei g a R m o an Catholic , and on that account likely to sympa ” th i z e with the French Though Governor Hamilton replies that “ there is one Francis Campbell who was said

M r l m l th r l o H a l a x a y a n d Me or i a to e E a f i f . 2 2

for n R to have been bred the church amo g oman Catholics , ff but he has the character of an honest , ino ensive man , and it is n ot likely that he concerns himself with the

All the same, Francis Campbell was an o f attainted man in the eyes his neighbors , an object of espionage and suspicion .

1 e In 754 a society was established in Philad lphia , called the German Society , by such patriots and sober minded R . ev. . citizens as Dr Franklin , Dr Muhlenberg , patriarch R ev . of the Lutheran Church in this country , and the Dr . th e e w Smith , provost of Coll ge , with the sole object in vie to establish schools for the children of German settlers o n th e be u frontier of the Province , where they might ta ght o f o f the knowledge God , and be made loyal subjects what “ was termed The Sacred Protestant Throne of Great ” “ Britain , and thus be saved from the machinations of French and Popish 1 P e nns l In 754 Dan . Clause warns Governor Morris of y vania against a certain man as a very dangerou s character —“ for he was see n making his confession to a priest in ” n da Ca a . I

1 In the following year, 755 , five Justices of the Peace in

Berks County , sent a most alarming manifesto to the of Governor Pennsylvania , asking his immediate inter

P nn a r clz z v v l I I 1 - 1 e . A es o . 1 1 , . , p 4 5 .

l l — l i ou t n l nn l a S t i é R e i s T es s i n P r ovi c i a P e s v n a . 8 T g y i , p 3 .

P enna . A r ch i ves Ol d er i es vo l I I . 1 6 . I , ( S ) , . , p 7 2 3

“ venti on to enable us by some legal authority to disarm or otherwise disable the Papists from doing any inj ury to wh o the other people are not of their vile principles , for in the neighborhood of the chapel (Gosh enh opp en) it is reported and generally believed that thirty Indians are lurking with swords and guns and cutlasses . The priests at R eading as well as Cu ssah opp en [old n ame of Gosh e nh opp en] last Sunday gave notice that they could n ot come to them again in less than nine weeks , whereupon some imagine that they ’ve gone to consult with our enemies at Fort Although the Provincial—Council tries to disabuse their minds and calm their fears by telling them that there is very little foun ” d th e ation for their representation , and although 88 — Catholics in the entire county only numbered , their anxiety was hardly allayed , and the stigma on their

Catholic brethren certainl y not effaced . In the same year Governor Morris writes to Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia concerni ng the helpless condition of the country in the event of French invasion , that the enemy might be strengthened by the German and Irish

” ’ Catholics who are numerous here . 1 The latter is evidently alarmed , though the Catholics scattered over the vast territory hardly amounted to fifteen hundred , includ h — ing women and c ildren , yet he replies reassuringly

“ - ol R ecor d v l VI n na A r ch ves vo l . I I . 0 C . s o P e . . . 0 . , , p 5 3 533 1 i , , p 39 . 2 4 that in the next session th ey will seriously consider the R dangers we are in from the German oman Catholics , and make some alteration in your o u r a th o The alteration came in due time , and placed C n ot t o li es in a still more embarrassing, say distressing , “ for R situation . It was the celebrated Act egulating the ” a 2 Militia , p ssed by the Provincial Council , March 9, 1 n o f 757 . The Act provides that a census be take all “ for i or persons fit military duty , except relig ous societies congregations whose tenets and principles are against

o r . o n arms , and all Papists reputed Papists It goes to “ state that no Papist o r reputed Papist sh all be allowed o r admitted to give his vote o r be chosen an officer of t h e ” o f militia within any the districts within these provinces . “ v e or o n E ery mal Papist reputed Papist , ( account of his exemption from performing military duty) — between the age o f seventeen and fifty-five years must ” L o f sh i ll i n s pay the sum twenty g . 1

—1 —a n a In the same year 755 article in an English p per,

i n u n reproduced an American j ournal , gives a true and varnished description o f t h e real status o fCatholics in the “ e Colonies and the feelings ntertained about them . But I ” e o n carefully observed , the writ r goes to state, that no

Ca th ol i ck o u r - Roman in Colonies , can claim the partien t o lar privileges , thereby allowed others ; and indeed no

nn r h v v l I I 2 n r P e a . A c i es o . . . P e na . A ch ves vo l I I 1 20 , , p 4 3 f i , . , p . .

2 6

p atriots , Thomas Fitzsimons , of Philadelphia, and Daniel

Carroll , of Maryland , that at the suggestion of Charles i o f t th e of P nkney, Sou h Carolina , in face clamorous pro tests, the obnoxious religious test oath was abolished , and “ th a t no r e the VI Article of the Constitution adopted , l i gi ou s tes t sh a l l ever be r equ i r ed a s a qu a l ifica ti on to a ny ” ce o u bl i c tr u s t ofi r p . Only after years of forbearing patience , petty prosecution and enforced privations , all the time exhibiting the most indisputable and pathetic

e evid nces of loyalty to the cause of order and freedom , wa s r e this sacred right common to humanity , secured , e t d s p c e and enj oyed . o f In the march progress and prosperity , however, the

Catholic was far in the rear . The most productive land h a d already been taken possession of, the remunerative o fli c es , civil or military, had long been filled , and from the

e r eb u fls i low st round of the ladder , amid , d scouragements n f and almost i superable di ficulties , with laborious toil he had to climb to success . n o w Even , however, living and breathing the atmos h er e o f r i m p liberty , the p iesthood could hardly claim an n munity from persecutio . The priest was still a curiosity t o e be watched and feared , no more to be tolerat d than

- o r o u r mber l a nd the small pox cholera . In own Cu Val l ey we find this anti - Catholic epidemic raging at times in a m 1 8 . ost violent form , as virulent as it was in 94 Father Farmer was obliged to visit the bedsides of the sick and 2 7 d — ying in the attire of a Quaker, and in many instances

. 1 6 c onfine his travels to night only From 7 4 , when the holy Father Schneider was obliged to pay surreptitious visits to his scattered flock in the d i sgui se of a peripatetic 1 physician , his life at times in peril , to 795, when Father

Brosius was obliged to flee from our neighboring town ,

Chambersburg, pursued by a hooting and infuriated mob , a nd only save—d himself from bodily injury by the fléet ness of his horse , the brooding spirit of persecution cropped

o u t . again and again Nor can we , at the end of the nine teenth r century, in the fierce light of modern prog ess and s cientific achievement , boast of an ameliorated condition ff o f . a airs , as far as Carlisle is concerned Thus we see the incentive for Catholics to settle in the n — States, the prospects for betteri g their condition , the pleasinghope of civil liberty and the absence of religious not s persecution , were precisely the mo t encouraging and a llu ring added to this the deprivation of all the consola tions of Holy Church , which only the Catholic can realize a n d feel , we are not surprised that in spite of the enticing placards posted conspicuously in villages and towns of the L European Co nti nen t ] to inveigle Irish and Germans to h hasten to the new Eldorado , t ey failed to come in great m nu bers until the War of Independence . — i e o a l l i tz i n b r o n s on . 1 00 . L f f G , y B w , p 99

n Dr h o 0 E i ne R ei se du r eh ei n i e der mi ttler en u n d s d l i c /zen ver S ta a te . S c . 1 g . , pf, p 9 , ’ h l z er s B r i e wech sel I I N o 0 S c o f , , . 4 . 2 8

e l Then sudd nly the Catho ics sprang into prominence , and the gallant and invaluable services rendered by a du du Lafayette , Kosciusko , Portal , Pulaski , Coudray , among the French , a Colonel Moylan , Captain Jack Barry ” o f . Father the American Navy , Colonel Doyle, Capt Mc u i r e Michael G , among the Irish , and the rank and file

th e of sturdy soldiers among Germans , are emblazoned in the history o f the country and treasured in the hearts of all patriots .

R CHAP T E II .

— OF T H CUMBERLAND COUNTY. HISTORY E COUNTY . — CARLISLE . FIRST SETTLERS . Cumberland County was the sixth in chronological o f order erected in the Province Pennsylvania , and was in i n territorial extent the largest . The three or gi al counties of Philadelphia, Berks and Chester, having been estab l i sh ed 1 68 1 a nd 1 2 2 . in , Lancaster in 7 9 , York in 749 Cumberland was separated from Lancaster by the action n of Governor James Hamilton , as will be see from the “ of . 2 1 0 : provision the Assembly, Jan 7 , 75 That all and n singular lands lying within the Province of Pennsylva ia , e S e to the w stward of the usqu hanna , and northward and o f l d westward York , be erected into a County to be ca le

Cumberland . Its southern limit was the dividing line v between Maryland and Pennsyl ania . 2 9

This geographical apportionment gave the county more

- than two thirds of the Province . Until the formation of i 1 1 the adjoin ng counties of Bedford in 77 , Northumber 1 2 Mi fll i n 1 8 1 8 land in 77 , in 7 9, Franklin in 7 4, and Perry 1 8 0 in 2 , its history is that of the whole western half of the

Province of Pennsylvania . The promi nent a nd impo rtant part it occupies in colonial history the thrilling scenes enacted here during the Indian wars the patriotic share it took in the War of of o u r Independence is a matter history , and is not prov ffi ince to enter upon . Su ce it to say that at one time , i n especially during the Valley Forge campa g , it was a pivotal factor in the War of Inde pendence . l The natural beauties of the Cumber and Valley , the o f a fertility the soil , the v st woodlands , the abundant

- es e c i al l th e streams , the ever varying scenery , p y summer n and autumnal splendors , have bee enjoyed by genera tions a nd elicited rhapsodical pictures from the mind of the poet , while even the cursory observer could not fail to be charmed . Encircled by the great Appalachian moun n tains , which skirt it like a atural fortification from the u Susquehanna to its extreme southern bo ndary , it has , R not inaptly , been compared to the sunny vale of asselas . In prehistoric times it was the battleground of the warlike

Iroquois and Algonquin , celebrated in Indian legend and

t h e n story . L ater adventurous and explori g white man n r e entered the territory to i qui into its resources for trade. 30

In the Indian and R evolutionary wars it wa s the centre whence issued successful expeditions for the extermina

e tion of the one enemy and conquest of the oth r.

Carlisle, the county seat , named after the town of Car lisle in England , is situated eighteen miles west of Harris o ne burg, hundred and eighteen from Philadelphia , and

- one hundred and seventy eight from Pittsburgh . Its loca tion is most admirable and picturesque , nestling as it does in the very heart of the beautiful valley . The site of the town was selected because the place is convenient to the new path to Allegheny , now mostly used , being at a dis tance of four mil es from the gap (Croghans) in the Kit t o h i n a c t y (Blue) Mountains . the l nds on both

o n d i net sides of the C o ogu are thickly settled . As the lands are settled it should be thought a proper situation ” for the town . In compliance with this petition Gov . James Hamilton sent a letter of instruction to Nicholas ve o f Scully , S ur yor General the Province , to lay out the

T h I s t 1 1 . . e e town letter is dat d April , 75

FIRST SETTLERS . The first settlements made west of the S usquehanna now were in the limits of what constitutes York County,

1 by Germans , about 7 2 5 . They were shortly followed by the Irish . The influx of German emigrants was so great even then as t o arouse considerable alarm lest eventually the colony would endanger the interests, if not the exist I

a b . e ence , of the English spe king colonists The relations tween the two nationalities were never friendly , and in time became more strained . The stubborn pertinacity and phlegmatic cynicism of the one , the exasperating wit and innate pugnacity of the other, produced at best an armed neutrality , interrupted by occasional collisions and outbreaks that necessitated vigorous governmental inter l a position . Nor did these racia animosities bate in time nor grow less in acrimony . The attitude of the Germans and Irish continued so belligerent that an enforced separa tion was imperatively demanded and brought about by confining the former to York and the latter to Cumberland T h e County . racial amalgamation seemed impossible, “ and in 1 750 the Proprietaries in c o nsequ en c e of the fr e quent disturbances between the Germans and the Irish , gave orders to their agents to sell no lands in either York ad or Lancaster Counties to the Irish , and also to make va n tageo us offers of removal to the Irish settlers t ofler s n to Cumberland County , whi h bei g liberal were ” accepted by many . Both submitted to law only when its majesty was invoked . In the meanwhile all seemed to “ ” of live in an exciting time luxurious outlawry . m Many , if not the ajority of these settlers came with l n roseate prospects and attenuated purses . Many were di gent to a degree that obliged their indenturing them

’ u n t 88 R u s H stor o a nca s ter Co . 2 . p p i y f L y , p 3 2 selves as servants for three or four years many could not pay the twenty shilling tax imposed on servants and had fl n a to e ec t their la ding by stealth . Many gain were liter ally inveigled by the most E l dor a dean promises of c on sc i en c el ess agents , who scurried through Germany and Ireland and brought the unfortunate victims here only to nd fi themselves sold as bondsmen to the highest bidder . These poor wretches were called Redemptioners their marketable price was usually ten pounds and the

e t o . R e term of servitude from thr e four years The v . G . “ ” n o f e R Muhlenburg, speaki g these G rman edemptioners , “ : says When the Germans arrive here from their ships , all wh o cannot defray the expense of their passage from ow n their means must sell themselves and their families , enter a term of service to pay off their passage ; such per sons are called servants . After they paid their passage and earned something in addition , they emigrate up the coun try and make This pass ingly as a possible solution why we find so many German and Irish i ntr u d ” ers (squatters) on unpurchased Indian lands , and why n l wh o the ames of so many Catho ics , , with the exception o of those in Maryland , were among the po r, cannot be found in early records , such as tax lists , etc . The early settlers in the Cumberland Valley were the — r b R H i t o Da u /z i n H a l l i sch e N a ch i ch ten . u ot e u s or a n d o th er ou n , p 54 , q d y pp y f p C ’ ’ r h l V n e l i e i s e h l o z er s B e wec se I . o . 0 R u t i es . S e S c 4 ezse d r ch e n i e der , p 45 . k w i f , ; i g f l n e n mi ttl u n d s d l ver . S ta a ten . S c o E r a . h p , ( g ,

4

e mod st little cemetery adjoining the church . A mute , but none the less pathetic spectacle , are the graves of these‘ patriots ’ f e s During the many years o the littl St . Patrick ’ e church s exist nce , it all the same owes much to the t of ou r sympathe ic , encouraging and helpful bounty non

Catholic citizens , and the little congregation was never d chary in making its grateful acknowle gements . The tide of emigration was so strong between the yea rs

1 2 - 1 u 7 5 735 , and with such avidity was the land taken p o f of regardless the rights the Indian , and with such Cromwellian volubility were the Holy S criptures quoted “ ” th e S am against the heathen , that Proprietaries gave Bl u nst on 1 1 uel a commission as agent , dated January , 1 — t o to 733 34 grant licenses to the settlers , and take up a of e l nds west the S usquehanna . These licenses wer to mere permits take up land and cultivate it , with the understanding that possession and a clear title should be ’ given , when the Indians claims had been satisfied . The Maryland Catholics by this time came up the S u s qu eh an n a ; the incoming v essels poured o u t streams of 1 —1 emigrants . As early as 730 3 with the Indian still to dwelling in their midst , and nothing but his trail guide emigrants , they pushed westward ; every available acre of “ ” arable land is taken ; clearings and burnings are made, and the first settlements formed . The Irish and S cotch Ki ttoc h ti n settlers locate in the y Valley (North Valley), ’ 35

1 Falling Springs and many other places . In 729 according to the P ennsyl va ni a Ga z ette there arrived in New Castle 4500 persons chiefly from Ireland a nd at Philadelphia in one year 2 67 servants were sold to serve a term of three or four years .

CHAPTER III .

— D EARLY CATHOLIC SETTLERS . THEIR THRIFT A N

PATRIOTISM .

Evidence i s at hand that before 1 745 a number of Irish Catholic families settled on the Tuscarora Path (Path Valley) and formed the nucleus of a settlement still i n existence , and in which we not only find lineal descend of ants the original settlers , but a community which in spite of the vicissitudes of time , the frequent depredations e of the Indian , the gr at distance from a church and the fe w sadly visits of priests , the Catholic faith is still found as firm and intact as was that of the holy ancestors who planted it more than one hundred and fifty years ago . This settlement not only was the o n e that lay further west than any hitherto attempted on this side of the Alle

h a ni es - e g , but even ant dates as far as documentary evi dence goes Conewago .

Conspicuous among these was Thomas Doyle , who on 1 o f l . 2 0 Nov 9 , 737, took up 53 acres and , part of which is T h e still in p osses sion of some of his lineal descendants . area of land he takes on a Bl u n ston license see ms to give 36

color to the surmise that he must have been accompanied f by su ficient hands to partially cultivate it , and since he had no neighbors * a settlement of some pretension had evi e n dentl y been effected . In the lapse of a few years we

counter the names of Felix Doyle , presumably a relative ’ O N ei l l Mc Mu l l en of Thomas , Patrick , Shields , , Logan , 1 who all located there before 744 .

The Doyle family enjoyed considerable prominence , as

may be inferred not only from its landed possessions , but even more from the conspicuous and patriotic part it sub R e sequently played in volutionary times . The town of

Co . Doylesburg, Franklin , is named after this family and possesses a substantial brick church dedicated to Our R e S Blessed Lady, efug of inners , where Holy Mass is ff e o ered up monthly, it b ing a mission attached to Cham b r ber s u g. It scarcely admits of a doubt that this colony was the first in what then constituted the extreme West of L P ennsyl va ni an

1 R h e t 2 0 o Go v. e In July , 75 ic ard P ters reports Jam s “ ” o f Hamilton , that a number intruders (squatters) among ’ whom was Henry Gass , living on S herman s Creek (Little Juniata) six miles over the Blue Mountain (in the present on Perry County) had erected log cabins Indian lands . With others he was obliged to give a bond o f g500 that “ ” w d and e n he ould epart never return , his cabin b i g first

i stor o Fr a n kl n Co . F R i c h a r ds . H y f i J . . v i n f m t i o n h r i e r i s n e e Fo r t h e a o e o r a t e i d t d t o Mr F . l b w t b . ! . Dec k e m a e r 1 y , h a m e r s u r P a C b b g , . 7

burnt to the ground . He as well as Benjamin Gass were a o C tholics, and after the dispossessi n settled in Falling

Springs . He is presumably the father of Patrick Gass , who 1 2 1 1 was was born at that place June , 77 , and who one of the first white men to make an overland trip to the Pacific , a detailed account of which he gave in A j ou r na l of th e Vo a e a nd Tr a vel s o a Cor s o Di s cover y g f p f y (Pittsburgh , Th e L i e a nd T i mes o P a tr i c h a ss See likewise f f G . Another Catholic pioneer of whom we have information is Francis Campbell , of S hippensburg . Gov . Hamilton replying to inquiries of Gov . Sharpe of Maryland about one Francis Campbell whom he suspects of disloyalty “ being a Roman Catholic , and on that account likely to sym ” ath i z e p with the French , allays his fears by replying that “there is a Francis Campbell who was said to h ave R been bred for the church among the oman Catholics , but i noflensi ve he has the character of an honest , man , and it is not likely that he concerns himself with the

Of this Campbell all traces are lost , he must have removed from his uncongenial surroundings , where his faith was not only a stumbling block in the way of his ma ter i al prosperity, but exposed him to the petty annoyances h i s and wanton espionage of neighbors , not even escaping the surveillance of the chief executive of the Province . The other family of Campbells in Shippensburg were then as they are now strict adherents of the Presbyteri an church .

- n n v Vo l I I 1 . P e a A r ch i es . 1 . , . . pp 4 5 38

Among the earlier Catholic inhabita nts of Carlisl e we

e n o find the P ndergrass family, who doubt were among the th e pioneer settlers in borough , and whose name will be found identified with almost all the larger settl ements ’ * Ca r l i s l e Ga z ette o of . west Carlisle In Kline s , we as er “ d N 1 1 ov . tain that Philip Pendergrass ied 7 , 797, in the

e - o f ol d sev nty second year his age , and was an inhabitant ” n o of this borough . This Philip Pendergrass is doubt o n ofT a xabl es ' the same , whose name is found the list i in 1 62 a to 7 , and who gain took part in the expedition Kit t anni n 1 6 t o n gi in 75 , repulse the I dians , whose bloody massacres at this tim e sent a thrill of alarm along the wa s of d — entire frontier . It this Pen ergrass family , Gar fR t r . . 1 0 o a s ow n ret J , who in Feb 77 , while a resident y (Bedford) purchased the ground n ow occupied by Alle h a n i x o f S . g y City , from the Nations A copy this quaint ’ n H i s tor o P en ns l va ni a conveya ce is found in Egle s y f y . ! This last Pendergrass was n o doubt the same alluded ’

Gov . Gov . to in Hamilton s correspondence with S harpe , u in which he is mentioned as being an innkeeper, thoro ghly reliable and capable as a guide , and with a most minute d f f t knowle ge o the topography o the coun ry . I]

o l d o n e The Pendergrass homestead was Pomfr t street ,

. n ow u e near Hanover The house occ pi d by the family , th e opposite the rectory , was built in last century by

‘ — N o v 2 1 W i n i s t u nz . 6 1 1 i d 6 H . b. Co . b . 6 . . 9, 797 . 1 g C p I p 54 ap 3 l n Vo I I . 1 1 P e n a A r ch . I . . , p 4 , 39

another Catholic family named Byrns , who intermarried ’ with the Pendergrass s . This home , still in a good state of th e preservation , was built from logs cut and hewn on

e . premises , it b ing part of a dense piece ofwoodland The families have both long since drifted away from their a n c estr a l faith , and recall it only as a tradition . One of the last members of whom we have any kn owledge as dying d in the faith was Johanna Pendergrass , who eparted this 1 8 2 d life July 9 , 3 , and attached to whose eath notice in the Parochial Register we find these touching words : Mor tu a es t i n odor e sa ncti ta ti s i eta ti s et devoti oni s , p She ” died in the odor of sanctity , piety and devotion . No doubt a most deserving eulogy . The name of James Pendergrass is found as late as 1 843 1 11 the Parochial

Records , but no evidence is at hand to prove that he died a Catholic . The names of John and Charles Mc Man u s are found 1 6 contemporaneous w ith the foregoing . As early as 7 2 * John Mc Manu s has a place on the list of Taxables . Mc Ma n u s 1 8 Charles , who died on August 2 9, 79 , was not only one of the oldest, but most progressive and successful business men in the community . The large and commo dions home he erected on East Street , which still remains

- as a monument of post colonial massiveness , spaciousness

‘ and solidity, with its marble slab conspicuously placed in 1 the second story , bearing the date of its erection , 797, — m o . 62 W i n H s t Cu b. C . . g i . , p 40

n o t o f and the name of its builder, gives evidence only enterprise and wealth , but cultured taste . Originally he was proprietor of one of the largest distilleries in the county and amassed a sufficient competence to permit him

n o t a . to live , if in luxury, at le st in ease and comfort T h e n ot n ow avocation he followed was then , as it is , looked upon as debasing and immoral : but then it was universally adopted and countenanced as a most lucra 1 8 tive business . As late as 35 more than eighty dis ti l l er i es paid taxes in Cumberland County alone and manufactured more than a million gallons o f whisky an n al l w en ch a n t u y. Cumberland County al ays had a p for good whisky , and the consumption of ardent spirits was l always in prop ortion to the output , if re iance can be n d d a placed o local tra ition . After the eath of Mrs . M ry Mc Ma nu s 1 0 1 t h e (born 7 3 , died December 5 , at o f 1 0 e patriarchal age 3 years , the name becom s less o n prominent , although that of Charles is still found the

1 e d t o pew rent list as late as 82 3 . The d scen ants drifted o f Mexico and Philadelphia . The former branch the family in the course of time founded the prosperous and e n f M M n f o c a u s o . u o fam d banki g firm C , an instit tion international reputation and the largest a n d most promi

o u r R e nent in sister epublic . The Philad lphia family

e likewise achieved more than ordinary success in lif . Jeremiah S ullivan and James Costello were tw o Catholics wh o ff a e a 1 e ected a settlement in C rlisl bout 774 , and came

42 — th is land to the Cer fou mont tract only about four miles distance , gives weight to the presumption that the former

P l l ntz was likewise held by Father e e . That the Sullivan a nd gift was beneficial to the church added to its revenues , R e we can learn from the letter of Bishop Carrol to v. h * Debar t . Mr . Father Zocchi was the bearer of this letter to Father “

Debar th on . , and his receipt is still hand Received from R Debar th 1 0 fo r of n ev . . 2 Mr dollars , the purpose providi g a part of the salary for the attending pastor o fthe Catholic f I s t . o congregation of Carlisle , this day the December Z o f OCCHI , Pastor Carlisle . R The l and was subsequently sold by ev . F . X . Brosius L h a tto T 8 1 0 . to Anthony S i for 75 2 3 s his occurred o n April This sum was converted into bonds bearing inte rest and left in the custody of

z . George Met ger Esq of Carlisle . In a letter dated th 1 8 1 1 2 5 May , the latter speaks of some funds collected on notes due Rev . Mr . Brosius , and explains that he paid R Z e l ev . n various sums to Mr . occhi , und rstands that the t er es t on the money is to go to the support o f the ofli c i at “ ing clergyman of the T h e R oman Catholic Co ngregation ” of Carlisle He holds at the time in hand , also j udgement-bond which he holds for the use of the ” e Roman Catholic Congregation of Carlisl . d These bon s , as Mr . Metzger receipts show , were given

’ W a s i n to n Oc t . 1 80 a t e a R e d a te u c . . 1 . . 1 0 D d h g 7 , 7. T Ch , Bk Q p . 3 . 43

to Bishop Carrol . Among the attorneys papers we find A n Received from Rev . Mr . Marshall three bonds from R nd th o n ev . . . a y and Michael Shatto to the F X Brosius ,

h m . i . by assignedto the Right Rev Dr Carrol . Each bond 2 1 80 2 bearing date 7 April , and conditioned for the pay 1 1 8 1 0 1 8 1 1 ment of J£2 , each on the first day of April , , ’ 1 8 1 2 3 ’ A tt a t L a w G O . Z . E MET GER , y How long the revenues went to the church cannot be as c r t ai n d f e e . And since there appeared to be some di ficulty about the title , and perhaps the trustees being more than ofli c i ou sl S ordinarily , if not y solicitous , ullivan who had a f long since left for Philadelphia , made out an

fida vi t . , dated Philadelphia , Jan 7 ,

With this , all traces of the bequest are lost , and though careful search has been instituted, no information could be obtained . T h e Jeremiah S ullivan here alluded to is no doubt the

T h e u n er si n e er e i a h S u l i van o es h e r e c er ti f t h a t th e tr a c t o f l a n i n d g d J m l d by y , d

' R e T o ns i u be r l a n Co . P a w as i ve n b h i m a n d h i s ar t n er a es os t el l o y w h p . C m d , g y p J m C

th r t o f t h e R ev P a s to r at te ndi n th e R o a n a t h o l i c Con r e . t owar ds e su ppo . g m C g ga t i on of Ca r li s l e an d by n o mea n s t o b e at th e di s pos al o f a n y tr u s t ee o r l a yman o f a n n l d b v Mr Br os i u s su cc es so r i o n r e a ti on T h e a ove t r a c t h vi b ee so R e . . sa d C g g . b g y M P el l en t z th e o n e r esu ti n r o th e sa l e o fs ai l an ta ti on a n d h ei r t o th e R ev . . , m y l g f m d p ou gh t t o be la i d o u t for th e s a me pu r po se a bove s p ec i fied i n th e ma n n er th e s u c c es so r

f h e R ev r os i u s at o ne a o h u r c h th i nk s i s ost t o t h e a va nta e o f th e R ev. o t . B C w g C m d g F h r f ar i sl e " at e o C l . N JER EM IAH S U L L IV A .

A c n o l e e b . S . be or e A l er a n k w dg d y J f d m , H N G Y R P h i l a el h i a . JO E E , d p 44

one whose name occurs so frequently in the annals of St . ’ h R Mary s Churc , Philadelphia ( ecords of the A . C . H . 6 Society , p . 2 4 , whilst James Costello is identically the same who in 1 793 bequeathed all his property; with ’ the exception of a few private bequests to St . Mary s n Church , Philadelphia , amo g other purposes , for the main ten an c e t o o f for of a school , keep a supply oil the lamp ’ ” ’ old R which burns in the Chapel in Willing s Alley ( ec d .

. . . S . 0 . A C H ociety, p 3 9 ) etc In chronological order the Faust family comes some

' e effic i en tl i den what later, but was mor prominently and y ’ ti fied with the prosperity and vicissitudes of S t . Patrick s a n congregation , for more than fifty years, than probably y other single family up to recent times . It was a family in which a high order of intelligence was always coupled

u ndemonstr a with a fervid piety , an active zeal with an

e f tive charity, and a st rling aith with a most exemplary conduct . The ideally Catholic life of this family h as not only been a heritage religiously preserved by its d escend

e o f ants down to the last bear rs the honored name , but it never failed to be a sourc e ofedi fic a ti on to their brethren in o f the household faith , whilst the lofty spirituality was a f e t o o . r velation those outside the fold To Jacob Faust , as

S r . well as John Faller, , who came several decades later ,

f - o S t . a the words Clement , the Martyr Pope, can most p “ os i tel : n ot p y be applied , when he says Who is struck

i or n th E st C . p . i 45 with beholding your lively faith : your piety full of sweet ness : your generous hospitality the holiness which reigns within your families : the serenity and innocence of your conversation ! ” The family must have settled here ec h l er s shortly after the Revolutionary War , with the L , n o doubt related to the Philadelphia and Lancaster fami f lies o the same name . Eventually they intermarried ec h l er s ec h l er s with the L , though the L seemed not to pos sess the vigor and vitality of faith that ch aracterized the th e Fausts , for they gradually strayed from Church , a fli l i a ti n though seldom g with the sects . Valentine Faust , u a printer, died suddenly and rather mysterio sly on April

1 1 8 1 1 . 7, He was a son of John Faust, Sr. John Faust , r J . , was married to Miss Eliza Fetter at Harrisburg, No vember 0 2 , Jacob Faust , who was so conspicuous a n factor in the growth and development of the co gregation , 1 8 0 enters upon the scene of church activity about 2 , and till his death was one of the great benefactors of the church , and one of the most helpful allies in keeping alive the faith at a period when priestly visits were of intermit u tent occurrence , and urgent press re was brought to bear in weakening the faith of the small congregation . At the present there survive three of his children , the Misses A ' A M Mary and Lizzie Faust, Carlisle, and . J . Faust , . . , D h . . . P . , of Washington , D C

Ca r l i sl e a z ette ove be r 2 6 1 8 1 2 . G , N m , 46

“ The Schwartz family must likewise be enumerated d among the pioneer stock . One of the ol est monuments

in the cemetery, in fact the oldest decipherable , records h t edeath (in quaint German) of Nicholas Schwartz , who 2 1 8 l o died August 3 , 7 4, the year in which the g chapel was built. The monument is a pretentious one for the n ot time in which it was erected , and is only in a good state of preservation , but will last a century or two more ,

unless ruthlessly broken or mutilated . Tradition has it , ffi that he was a Hessian o cer, captured at the Battle of or Brandywine Trenton , and brought here as a prisoner to R the barracks . He espoused the cause of the evolutionary a nd party, did active gallant service in the cause of Inde enden c e a p , and was univers lly esteemed as a good citizen

and brave soldier. The name was subsequently angli

c i z ed to Black , and figures in the church records as late as 1 8 2 3 . Michael Dawson must have settled here shortly after o f d 1 8 the Declaration In ependence, and in 79 was the posse ssor of considerable farming land in what n o w be longs to Perry county . He attained more than local prominence as a builder and contractor and was in good “ circumstances . James Dawson while employed in erect

- ing the penitentiary or work house in the gaol yard , was * i s a fl l di n c o 1 1 8 1 . suddenly killed by a fall ng g, June 5 , 5

Ca r l i sl e Vol u n teer u n e 2 2 1 8 1 J . , , 5 47

Michael Dawson was a candidate about the same time for ff sheri , but failed to secure the nomination by a piece of political jugglery that would have done no little credit to the adroit achievements of modern politics . The family u e a few years later moved into Cambria co nty . Both wer 1 8 1 2 soldiers in the war of , and the former, as far as s known , was probably the first oldier buried with military honors in our cemetery . The absence of all church records covering this peri od precludes all possibility of ascertaining with any degree of certainty , the names of other Catholics perhaps prominent in their day , who may have settled in Carlisle or Cumberland county and who perhaps yielded to none in zeal and generosity . Unfortunately until that historical — m treasure trove the Conewago Baptis al Record , and that i ts a fli l i at ed m of issions is unearthed , we must content ourselves with the fragmentary data and names p er p etu d ate by the court records and local history . I n this connection , it would be a most fascinating study to trace the vestiges of Catholic missionary labor among — the original owners of the land the Indians . It is more than an assumption , that the ubiquitous and irrepressible h h a d no t Jesuit, w ether of Canada or Maryland , long since h only studied Indian customs , but acquired t eir language , and gained many a joyful spiritual conquest longbefore the l — white man , with the implements of civi ization , oftener those of war, drove them from their old haunts . The 48 kindness with which the French always treated the In dians , the integrity displayed in their petty commercial for transactions , the respect they entertained their national customs , above all the intense eagerness and loving con descension of the Jesuits in attending their spiritual wel o f fare , made a lasting impression on the untutored child the forest . There can be little or no doubt , that Canadian missionaries at some peri od or other had visited the I n u s u e dian settlements , especially those bordering the S q R o f hanna iver , where a number Catholic Indians dwelt . o f Moreover the interchange tribal courtesies , and the C fealty owing by an immemorial custom to the hieftains , makes the visits to Canada on the part of the P enn syl vania Indians more than a mere presumption . Again there is direct evidence , that the most prominent chiefs in Pennsylvania in the early colonial period , were then , m or had been , me bers of the Church . Foremost stands the imposing and heroic figure of h i k el li m one S y, the Oneida chief, of the most august and impressive characters found in colonial times , who at this period resided at S hamokin (S unbury). A man of fear less intrepidity and dauntless courage , he yet had the o f ingenuousness of a child and the heart a woman . His n transparent ho esty, uniform kindness , unquestioned e o f truthfulness , and instinctive lov justice, makes him

fel i ef m e of stand in bold , as the dia etric opposit what t o T h e legend and history usually ascribe his race .

50

wh ich she and her adopted people had been the recipients . She was held in such high esteem that when her husband Car a ndawana was killed in a war with the Catawbas ,

Thomas Penn , then Proprietary , saw fit publicly to ex press his condolences to The settlement sh e founded “ ” Ostonwak i n F was variously called , rench Town , or “ ’ ” French Margaret s Town , and was situated on the area covered by the Seventh Ward (Newber r y) in Williams Z port . When Count inzendorf, the Moravian missionary ,

first called on her, thinking him a French priest , her joy “ ” was great , for now she could have her child baptized .

Her loyalty to her faith and to the French , both of which seemed synonymous terms at this period , caused no little t o th e irritation and fears government . Montour county , i and Montoursville in L ycom ng county , are named after Madame Mon to u r d’ e c a nd Fr n h Margaret was a niece of Madame Montour, da r o was likewise famous in her y. She was the first p h i bi ti o n i s t a n of whom we have y record in Pennsylvania . S h e had proh ibited the use of liquor in her little village

e and claimed her husband , Pet r Quebec , had not drunk rum fo r six yea r s i In 1 754 French Margaret and her v Mohawk husband , and two grandchildren tra eling in

M i n n e s 1 02 H i st W st B r a nch . B c G s . e . y , p .

M m r l th e [ Mor a vi a n h u r ch 20 e t s e e o a s o C . T i f , p 3 , q

H i t t r nch 1 t n s . W es B a . oo o t e . I , p 35 , (f ) 5 1

- si x semi barbaric state, with an Irish groom , and relay and pack horses , emigrated to New York . A h ndrew Montour, whose name is always coupled wit that of Conrad Weiser, is another name figuring frequently and prominently in the colonial history . He was the son of Madame Montour , and acted as interpreter for the Eng lish . Whether he remained steadfast in the Faith is ex mel 1 tr e . y doubtful In 755, he lived on a grant of land

800 . 1 ( acres) given him by Gov Hamilton in 752 , ten miles th e Conodo u i n et northwest of Carlisle , between g , a creek

near Carlisle , and the mountain . He was naturally of a

- roaming character, and freebooter like sold his services to ol oni a l R ecor ds the highest bidder, though the C bear evi dence to the invaluable serv1 0es he rendered the govern

ment, and the extremely hazardous missions he undertook

. we in conveying despatches , etc However, one moment 1 00 hear that the French set a reward of £ on his head , a nd shortly after he leads a ban d of warriors in capturing

the Gilbert family in Lehighton . From these random citations it will be seen that thor ough historic research in this unexplored field would yield

some strange and astonishing data . S ome future historian, with ready access to the Jesuit R elations and Canadian az church records , will no doubt throw light on this h y s ubject , and prove that before the Catholic white man set f n oot in Pennsylva ia, his Catholic brother of the house h o f old Faith had already glorified God in his own simple, l but none the ess fervent and Catholic manner. 5 2

R CHAPT E IV .

—R P T — R V. N Z . E M E L L E S J . PIONEER P IESTS — JA ES , HIS G C ! T LAR E PARISH HIS HEROI— E PLOI S AND ENDURING MONUMENTS . FIRST VISITS

TO CARLISLE .

One of the most illustrious champions of ou r holy r e l i i o n i oneeer o f g , a p in laying the foundations Catholic settlements , a veritable apostle in the magnitude and fruit R P el l en tz . f ev . . ulness of his labors , was James , S J He was not only o ne of the forerunners of Catholicity in P en nsyl vania, leaving an honest fame and precious memory w herever he set foot in his extensive wanderings , but one f ’ T o t . o o f the actual founders S Patrick s Congregation . f Go d him next the Providence o , the Cumberland Valley ,

York and Huntington Counties , in short the whole of Western Pennsylvania and Maryland owes a debt o f u n u nfla i n dying gratitude . In his gg g zeal and consuming

o f - love souls , he stands pre eminent as an ideal priest ; in his austere virtue , inexhaustible patience , unwearied t i c a l ' son charity and invincible courage , he was a yp of a S t . Ignatius in his quick apprehension and lmost intui i onal o f t t knowledge the eventual grow h , development

and p rosperity of the new country , he proved himself the

. d hopeful , unerring patriot The record of his in efatigable

zeal , his extensive wanderings , his childlike faith and his

burning charity , recalls and compares favorably with the 3 brightest pages of missionary toil and achievement in this country . When the history of the Catholic Church in Pennsylvania shall be written from better authenticated sources than the fragmentary and scattered data , necessity compels us to accept now, the name of P ell entz will receive its due measure of r ec ogn i u tion and e logy , and hand it down to coming gene rations i n prayer and ben edi c ti on . Time will only i ts add to lustre .

l l en z . P e t Rev James ,

S . J. , was born January 1 1 9 , 72 7 , in Germany ; entered the S ociety of 1 Jesus in 744, and made w 1 his vo s in 756 . He was sent to this country from

P N T Z S . 1 8 R e v R E V. E L L E England in 75 with . JAMES , J James Augustine Fram * T e bach and two other Jesuit fathers . A ccording to r acy he t en P a . spent years in Lancaster, , and a year and a half at

Frederick Town , Md . , before he assumed charge of Cone

Old Ca th ol i c M a l a nd 1 ry , p . 77 54

wago . In all probability he was sent to Conewago and from there attended Lancaster as circumstances demanded . n ot At all events , like the apostles of old he was to confine o ne his labors to city or community, but the scene of his ’ forty years activity was to embrace an entire country , the o f was whole of Pennsylvania , west Philadelphia . Never e u missionary more ardent in his zeal , mor cheerf l in his sacrifices , more hopeful in trial nor courageous under perse c u ti on , than this stranger in a strange country , speaking a strange tongue . From our modern standard of measuring S u n heroism , his position seems imply to have risen to the

attainable . no t Old settlers were accustomed to relate , without a

glow of admiration and a heart swelling with gratitude ,

how this holy priest traversed the whole country, pene

' ' tr a ti n c l ear i n even g every settlement and g, crossing the A l l e h an i es of g in search the scattered Catholics , whom stress o f circumstances obliged to seek this enforced * on oot isolation , f . If we bear in mind that this country R ed was still infested by the Man , that in territorial extent the missions covered more than a hundred and thirty

o r miles , that the bridle path Indian trail , was frequently l the only road that could be traveled , (the new mi itary of 1 road 755 was still almost impassable), that the luxury e of bridg d streams was as yet unknown , that shelterless nights and exhausting days were more the rule than the

S t . Vi nce nz i n P en na . . 6 . , p 5 55 e — h xception , and bearing in mind that in addition to t is P el l entz f Father carried all the requisites . or saying Holy — i n Mass , the altar stone , missal , vestments , chalice , etc . , a bundle strapped to his back , we leave the reader to draw his own picture of this missionary in his holy wanderings . r i m Every rude hut would serve as a temple, eve y r i sed p ov table as an altar . The manger at Bethlehem was fully as decent as many places where the Unbloody Sacri ff fic e was o ered up . 1 8 It took the first wagon that went West in 7 9 , drawn n by four horses from Hagerstow to Brownsville , more than two weeks to get to its destination . The progress made 1 by a solitary traveler on foot in 758, weighted with a heavy burden and at times faint from fasting , is a picture ’ ’ worthy of a poet s pen or painter s brush . Pennsylvania is mark e d with the footprints that attest i i n c on his pious zeal , and dotted with landmarks that g ve f testable evidence o his prudent foresight . For it must be borne in mind that the whole State of Pennsylvania from the Delaware to the Ohio was territorially apportioned to R but five priests at this time . Revs . obert Molyneux and Ferdinand Farmer (S tei nmaye r ) were stationed at Phila delphia Luke Geissler, of whom we will presently hear

. Gosh enh o en again , at Lancaster John B De Ritter , at pp ,

P el l n z and James e t at Conewago . In his apportionm e nt Fath er P el l en tz had the whole of n Pennsylvania west of the S usquehan a as his parish . 56

of th e o f The magnitude the task , inaccessibility the settlements , the hardships and privations of travel did not dampen his zeal ; for what were these di fli c u l ti es com pared t o the poign ant sorrow of seeing souls perish for want of spiritual nutriment ! The number of Catholics . was pitifully small their mode of life for obvious reas ons n ot e gr garious , and consequently they were scattered promiscuously if n ot fortuitously wherever an asylum was ff o ered from religious persecution o r marauding Indians . As late as 1 784 the census of souls gives us this startling f revelation of the number o Catholics under the P—rop ri et ar i es : Philadelphia and adjoining counties on e th ou s a n d Gosh enh o en s ; pp , even hundred , and Conewago

and missions only five hundred . These five hundred were

scattered from the S usquehanna to the Ohio , the only e m known —Catholic s ttle ents being Conewago and Path Valley , with an increasing population in Carlisle , S hip n b r o n e s u R a st w . p g, Huntington and Bedford ( y ) What i n ot o ne and now compr ses New York S tate had church ,

e the city which th n was the capital of the country, had o f only eighteen communicants whom three were Germans , n and o nationality ascribed to the others .

The following letter written by one of his companions , * his sacristan , may lift the veil and give us a passing glimpse o f the arduous toil and sore hardships that formed

* Ma i n z er M ona tsch r i t van ei s tl i ch en S a ch en . u ot ed b R ei l i n h i s , f G , p 457 ; q y y

R ecol lec ti ons i n th e e o Ca r d na l i bbons . 6 . Lif f i G , p 5 3

58

under the shadow of the cross ceases to be a nomad , fells e the tre s , clears the land , tills the soil , erects his log cabin , and establishes his home .

O F T H E P A . CHURCH E SACRED H ART , CONEWAGO ,

1 8 e e a In 7 4 he s nt Father G issler, his ssistant at the e t o tim , money purchase a house at Carlisle to hold ser ” e vice in , of which we shall hear mor presently ; in the 59 same year he secures a building at Little stown for the first church in that community in the same year he paid £ 3 1 for a church site at Standing Stone , the present Hunting 1 ton . In 785 he began and finished the massive stone n structure, which has the enviable distinction of bei g the first church erected in honor of the Sacred Heart in this

e country , at Con wago . He improved the place by the

' of erection a commodious and substantial parsona—ge , with the necessary adjuncts indispensable at that time a 1 86 capacious barn and extensive farm buildings . In 7 he was one of the main factors in the establishment of

Georgetown College , and was appointed one of its direct 1 ors . In 791 he was one of the attendants at the First d V Provincial Council of Baltimore, and was appointe icar

General by Bishop Carroll . He was likewise one of the ' promoters and subscribers to the first Catholic Bible 1 8 published in this country in 7 9, it being a reprint of ’ Ch a ll o ner Bishop s revision , issued from the press of

Mathew Carey . Human activity and physical endurance could not hold out long under the ravages of such rigorous and incessant toil ; the inadequacy of the laborers , the vast extent of the vineyard , the inclemency of the weather and the cli matic changes , could not fail but undermine the most ru gged health and daunt the most courageous spirit . It was the crying demand for more help that not only urged

‘ him to make frequent appeals to Germany for priests , but 60 found him ever ready with the necessary funds to defray the expenses of the wearisome and certainly n ot i nexp en

P el l en tz sive voyage . Father himself writes , under date h 1 n . 2 0 t 8 t o o of Aug , 7 5 , in a letter forwarded Coblentz the R hine I pray you do everything in your power to e t o send me two pri sts America . S ince my last letter aflai r s o u r have gone considerably worse here , as dear Father Luke Geissler is at present so weak that we fear he cannot live long . I myself have also a fever which oppresses me greatly , and from all appearances will render me unable to continue my great labors that I have until m i ssmn now undergone . I have a flourishing and from the number o f those wh o receive the Blessed n o of Sacrament, there is other in the whole North

America which will compare with it . It is a great pity n ot that we have more priests . They could bring back to wh o the right path many have strayed away , since we ” now have full religious liberty .

1 we e P el l en tz . In 795 find Fath r at Port Tobacco , Md , and the newly ordained Prince Demetrius Gallitzin as his efli i n t most capable and c e assistant . — After forty years of arduous , but fruitful labor, laying

the foundation of Catholic faith in Pennsylvania , he went

e N ov. I st 1 to his eternal r ward on 2 , 799, dying at Cone

m c a n t t r h s u l 1 8 1 V l VI I I 1 2 A er Ca /z . H s . R esea c e . o . . . i i , J y , 9 , p 3 6 1

wago , where his remains were interred, and where this beautiful epitaph commemorates his holy career

R B S M T EV. J A P ELLENTZ S ECU R U S OR l U R FEClT S E CO U , M ORT E R EN ASC I NON EA R S I I S ED VA VITA P T EST M O D C , NO O NOM EN P ELLENTZ I S T E T ER Q U E Q U AT ER Q U E MOR ET U R H OS P ES ! U BI JACIT H I C ET DOM U S ET DOM I N I T EM PLU M ! Q U ODQ U E S U U M FEC IT ZELO PI ETAT E U P L T ENE S B G I T O P U U M AT U R EM O ECC LES IAE.

P el l e nt z Rev. James dies in peace by the grace of

Him who by His death regenerated him . Not death , but

be e l e rather life should it called . The name of P l ntz has many claims to consideration . A stranger in a strange land , he erected this the temple of God , and with zeal and piety made it the object of his life to gather men within the It falls to few men to make and leave such a noble record . His work will forever remain a monument of zeal , determination and genius . His purity of life , good efli c ac ness of heart , pervasive y ; his discipline and labor h in the churc ; the breadth of his knowledge, the grandeur of his ideas concerning the future of the church in this n cou try , form together a combination of character i sti c s worthy of the most glowing pages in the history of h missionary ac ievement. 6 2

T R CHAP E V . — R V. E E . . N A T E CHARL S S WALL , S J , ATTE DS CARLISLE . T H E TENDS MISSIONS ATTACHED TO CONE WAGO . MAKE S THE FI R ST PURCHASE OF PROPERTY 1 — R T FOR A CATHOLIC CHURCH IN 779. F1 S R I A A ES DENT P STOR OF B LTIMORE .

HIS LABORIOUS LIFE .

The next priest o fwhom we have definite and tangible h e R e e t v. S . . evidence in Carlisl , is Charles ewall , S J , an t o e P el l e ntz e assistant Fath r , imbu d with the same zeal , inspired by the same Charity and rewarded by the sam e r e N o a su l ts . doubt the latter had taken more than a casu l of survey the territory that composed his parish , discerned the possibilities that lay hidden in the different towns and

e settlements , and at the proper tim adopted the necessary measures to eflec t purcha ses which eventually would lead

th e o f of to formation parishes and construction churches . The unobtrusive and efficient m a n ner i n which the former o u t de o f d carried the signs his superior , the metho ical

of ff e plan adopted in the formation these di erent charg s , and the generosity with which they were assisted and

e of a b maintained , gives but another evid nce the total

sorption of self in the apostolic work before them . In this formative state o fsociety the poverty of the faithful pre cluded all possibility o fthe ir making purchases either of land or property , therefore the priest came not only with 63

s an open heart to minister to their spiritual want , but with n a open purse to supply their material resources . The h first sites for churches , and the first c urches were built without entailing any pecuniary responsibility on the faith

h . ful . The court dockets give ample testimony of t is truth Where did the financial aid come from 1 The S ociety of Jesus was suppressed in 773 , its mem u bers exiled from Catholic countries , while only Pr ssia under Frederic the Great ofler ed an asylum to preserve ” “ a the seed , as he facetiously writes to Volt ire , that he might at some time furnish it to those who S hould desire ” to cultivate so rare a plant . The Empress Catharine likewise invited them to Russia and gave them charge of the four colleges respe ctively at i sk Di mabo r te u . Polotsk , V p , Orcha and g Flattering and c h honorable as these a ts may ave been , they certainly were not remunerative , nor adequate to supply the individual wants much less the increasing expenses of the mi s sions . v It is probable, in fact strong presumptive e idence is at m hand , that the support of these missions was derived fro

an endowment made by Sir John James of Heston , Mid d ex 000 l es . , England By its provision £ 4 was held by the r Vicar Apostolic of London , with the proviso, that fo ty

pounds be annually applied to the Catholic poor of London , the balance to support the indigent missionaries in Penn h sylvania . It was regarded as annexed to the churc at 64

an Lancaster, and for many years gave twenty pounds nu al l y to four missions in Pennsylvania . Was Carlisle one o fthese !

R e v. S S . . Charles ewall , J , the actual founder of the Car t ’ lisle parish was born in S . Mary s County, Maryland , July ’ th 1 o n e Ma tt a a n P a tu x 4 , i 744 , his father s estat at p y on the ent R iver. He came from good old English stock . His ancestors came from England with Lord Baltimore in

1 6 . 34, and of course were devout Catholics T h e environments of his childhood , the atmosphere of piety in which he spent his boyhood, the association and intercourse with the holy m e n who then ministered to the spiritual wants of the Catholics throughout the broad o f domains Maryland and Pennsylvania , could not fail but make a forceful and salutar y impression o n the mind of o f t a d the susceptible youth . The church S . Nicholas ’ e join d his father s estate , which was but twelve or fifteen ’ S t . o n e of th e miles from Inigo s , — sacred landmarks of Catholicity in Maryland , attended then as it is even now by the fathers of the Society of Jesus . It is very likely that he made his pre paratory studies at of h a d Bohemia Manor, a seat learning which the Jesuits established in S pite of penal laws . He entered upon his ’ 1 8 collegiate course at St . Omer s in France , in 75 , when

m a th i t r Vol V N A C H s R esea ches . o . . . . , , 4 .

J Th e th r n t D Ca . Ch u ch i h e U S e ou r c . . r . . C y, p 543

66

the widely scattered missions in Maryland , were the ’ theatre of this man s z eal .

The hardship , exposure and privation of such a life , not ” to dwell upon the soli ci tu de j or th e ch u r ch es threatened h i s to cut short active career, and his health caused his of superior no little concern and anxiety . A change

ff o f climate , and a life di erent from that an itinerant mis si onar 1 8 1 y was necessary. From 7 2 to 793 we find him in ’

t . . charge of S Peter s Church , Baltimore , Md , being the

first resident pastor of that city . From a letter of Father “ P el l entz : to Dr . Carroll we glean the following I am ’ i fied e entirely sat with Mr . S wall s resolution to stay in

Baltimore , as I always thought he would not live long ’ for here , and that he would do more God s greater glory

and the salvation of souls in Baltimore than here . For that reason I advised him in his trouble to have patience

and to take courage. To the same intent I called to his remembrance that Saints Ignatius and Theresa expected always great success when they met with serious obstacles

in the beginning of a new college or monastery . The ff hardships Mr. Sewall su ered made me think that Balti

more would be a very flourishing mission . I beg of your w Reverence not to be uneasy for keeping Mr . S e all from

me. I am fully persuaded that he is more necessary where he is than

R ev l V R ev . Dr r r o l l Feb . 2 1 86 P e l en t z t o . . a . . J . C , 7, 7 67

His career I n Baltimore did not disappoint the hopes n centered in him . His labors extendi g over ten years a were rew rded beyond his most sanguine expectations , and the prophetic foresight of Father P el l entz as to th e religious p ossibilities that lay hidden in Baltimore more than verified .

Though a man of scholarly attainments , a versatile linguist , a profound theologian , a capable business man , his success as a pulpit orator seemed hardly to rise above * the level of respectable mediocrity . This was more than ordinarily disappointing to the poor father, living as he did in a community where all the n iceties and graces of oratory h ad been cultivated as of paramount importance by the Protestant ministry . How i n afle c ted ever this deficiency no way his usefulness , nor the impression he left on his people . A man whose aus tere , pure life , could not escape the observation of even — the unthinking world was the most persuasive of sermons in itself. When eventually Dr. Carroll took up his home 1 86 ff with him in 7 , and his own simple , unctuous e orts were inadvertently pitted against the transcendent elb ’ qu enc e of one of America s most luminous intellects and most magnetic orators , the line of demarcation being more conspicuous than ever was not disheartening or depressing to him . Full of sweetness and charity , he still continued unremitting in his holy work .

— m S ch a r Ch r on i cl es o B a lt or e 2 1 . f f i , p . 5 68

Every enterprise t o ameliorate the condition of his people and further the ends of Holy Church found in him a ready advocate and a gallant champion . Whether it was his missionary exc u rsions through Pennsylvania from

1 to 1 2 or S o f 774 79 , his presence at the First ynod Balti i n 1 1 o r o f more 79 , when he acted as one the incorporators 1 86 or of Georgetown College in 7 , temporarily supplied i n 1 o r for Bohemia Manor 793 , acted as agent the Corpora

1 or C S t . tion of Clergy in 797 , built the hurch in Thomas anor in 1 8 or was o n e o f the first to r e- enter the M 79 , — Society ofJesus upon its restoration I n h e was

e r of ever active and eag r in the se vice God , ever ready to o n assume any work allotted to him . He worked modestly

e —on e and unobtrusiv ly , unerring and deep searching

Eye alone penetrating his heart and soul , seeing its secret

motives , reading its unpublished thoughts , divining its

unrevealed desires . His health never robust was rapidly failing under the h 1 f o n . 2 t 80 strain o incessant labor , and Feb 5 , 5 , he

t o S e S . . writes his brother , Father Nicholas wall , J , who onthe restoration of the Society o f Jesus entered the “ for English Province , that six weeks past I have been

confined to my room and unable to say mass , but I hope ” fli i a e to be able to o c t in the church next Sunday . e e Whether his pious wish was gratified w cannot asc rtain .

* Ma r a u e S to n e a l t o . 1 80 . B a r r ol l t o Fr . p . C m d k , B , 5 69

r 1 80 On the following tenth of Novembe , 5 , he surrend ered his soul to God at St . Thomas Manor, where no doubt he was buried . T h e fact that he was assistant to Father P el l entz i m plied that his parish embraced the Province of P ennsyl S vania , and we can trace his career as far as Standing tone n t t e (Hunti gton), where he sugges ed h advisability of hav ing his superior purchase a place to hold service in , R 1 8 ev. which was actually done in 7 5 , when he paid Luke

Geissler 3 1 with this object in view . There can be little doubt , that like his superior he penetrated even the remotest missions and settlements that were in the vast f o . territorial jurisdiction Conewago In doing so , like the r v p udent and farseeing obser er Father Sewall was , he could not fail but detect the possibilities that lay hidden

in the embryonic towns , which in the Providence of God

might become important and populous cities , in which the

- i m Church of God , might become a factor of soul saving

portance in the promotion of virtue and holiness , and con

currently , thrift and prosperity . Therefore we see that

unaided , though no doubt encouraged by the pioneer set t l er s P el l entz , he , and especially Father , made a careful survey of th e advantageous lands and eligible sites that t were cons antly in the market , purchased them and thus

laid the foundation of the future parish . In many enter s ff prising localitie free sites were o ered for churches , con di ti on ed upon an obligation to erect a church within a 70

- specified time, this evidently more to be an encourage ment to colonization than a promotive inducement to morality . of c o n Carlisle as a bustling frontier town , the centre si der abl e e commercial activity , with abundant ducational — f facilities , one of the main arteries that carried tra fic — to west , south and east , not mention the increasing and n ot highly progressive population , could fail but create the hope that the future had promising realizations in prospect . No doubt fully impressed with these sentiments , e h e 1 n ne f t b . o o o Father S wall on the 5 F , 779 , his periodic visits , made the following purchase in Carlisle * D e ed This Indenture made th e fifth day R e" Gu m "! o f February in the year o f ou r Lord on e afe you n ger t o thousand seven Hundred and seventy Ch a r l es s ewa “ nine Between R obert Guthrie the of of o f of younger the town Carlisle , the County Cum S of of one berland and tate Pennsylvania , joiner the part , And Charles Sewall o f Heidelburg Township of the County o fYork and S tate aforesaid of the other part Wit nesseth that the said R obert Guthrie for and in Considera tion o f the sum of T hirty Pounds Lawful Money of Pennsylvania to him in hand paid by the said Charles Sewall at or before the execution hereof the receipt and e payment whereof is hereby acknowledg d , and the said

* at e Feb 1 R ecor d B ook E . . 0 . D d . 5, 779 , p 3 4 7 1

Charles Sewall th ereof forever acquitted and Discharged R h by these Presents , he the said obert Guthrie Hat granted , Bargained , S old , Released and Confirmed and by these presents Doth grant and Bargain , S ell and Release and Confirmed unto the said Charles Sewall and to his Heirs and Assigns a Certain Messuage and Lott of Ground Sit uate and being in the Town of Carlisle in the County of

Cumberland aforesaid . Bounded on the North by Pom fret Street on the East by a Lott the Property of R obert Cummins on the S outh by a Twenty feet alley and on th e West by a Lot of Robert Guthrie the Elder Containing in front on the said S treet Sixty feet and in Depth to the said

Alley two hundred and forty fe et . Known in the General plan of the said Town by its No 2 74 Together with all and singular Buildings and improvements thereon and Premises with the appurtenances whatsoever thereto belonging or in any ways appertaining and the R eversions and R emainders Rents Issues and Profits thereof and all Estate R ight Title Interest Property Claim Demand Whatsoever both at L aw and in equity of h i m the said R obert Guthrie of

e in and to the same and very part thereof. To have and to hold the said Messuage and Lott of Ground hereby granted and released or meant mentioned or indented so to be with the appurtenances unto th e ' s ai d Charles Sew all his Heirs and Assigns . To the only proper use benefit and Behoof o f the said Charles Sewall his Heirs and Assigns for ever S ubject to the Quit rents due and to 72 become Due to the chief Lord of Lords of the fee and the said Robert Guthrie for himself and for his Heirs Doth hereby Covenant promise grant and agree to and with the said Charles Sewall his Heirs and Assigns by these pres ents that he the said R obert Guthrie and his Heirs the above Mentioned and Described Messuage and Lott of Ground with the appurtenances unto the said Charles Sewall and his Heirs and all and every other person or persons whomsoever lawfully Claiming or to Cl ai me the same or any part thereof from by or under him the said Robert Guthrie and his Heirs shall and will warrant and

forever Defend by these Presents . In Witness whereof the said parties to these Presents have hereto interchange ably set their hands and Seals the Day and year first above

e Writt n . Signed Sealed and Delivered R obert Guthrie in the Presence o f [SEAL ] John Gray n J o . Steel junr . Received the Day o f the Date o f the above Indenture from the above named Charles Sewall ’ the sum o f Thirty Pounds Lawful Money a ss d being the

full Consideration therein Mentioned . Witness my hand

the same day and year first above written . PVi tness p r esen t JOHN GRAY R OBERT GUTHRIE

JOHN STEELE , Junr. [SEAL ]

74

h ave been to enter the more prominent streets . The church was still looked upon with a di sdai n ' n o t untinged of r emu n er with suspicion and fear . Even the prospect a ative investm ent may have been counterbalanced by the latent bigotry , which made the Catholic more an object o f vi gi l a nt tolerance than that o f a pure patriotism which e resp cted his rights as an equal . The second barrier in o f c o nvi n the way going up town , and perhaps the more

o ne e o f cing , was the depleted exchequ r the poverty s tricken missionary .

H er e th en th r ee ea r s a ter th e Decl a r a ti on o [ nde nd , y f / p e e n ce ten e a r s be or e th e ons ti tu ti on h a d been r a med , y f C f , w i th a u th or i ty s ti l l ves ted i n th e S up r eme E xecu ti ve Cou n c i l wi th Gen er a l Wa shi n ton i n comma nd o th e Con ti , g f n en ta l or ces B enedi ct A r nol d i n comma nd o th e mi li ta r f , f y a t P h i l a del hi a L i eu t Gen er a l S u l l i va n ca r r i n a wa r p , . y g o exter mi n a ti on i nto th e cou nt r o th e S i x N a ti ons f y f , Col onel B r odh ea d h ea di ng a mos t s u ccessfu l exp edi ti on up th e S u s u eh a n na a a i nst th e M u nc towns wi th th e cou n q g y , t r di vi ded i n to c l a mor ou s T or i es a nd bel li cos e R o a li s ts y y , w i th no na ti ona l cu r r en c a s et i n s i h t th e r s t ou nda ti on y y g , fi f b Ca th ol i i t a s l a i d c w es t o th e S u s u eh a nn a w . f y, f q , 75

CHAPTER VI .

R V. H E U G S . . T E F L G C L KE EISSLE—R , J , BUILDS IRST O H—APEL IN I S . E . CARLISLE , 7 4 NE D OF GERMAN PRIE STS PUR CHASES A HOUSE IN HUNTINGTON TO HOLD SERVICES I — N . CARLISLE CHURCH THE ONLY ONE BETW EEN —R LANCASTER AND ST. LOUIS E V. STANISLAUS R M N T — C FOU O . E HIS HISTORY—. VERIFICA F N R E V. TION O AN —OLD TRADITIO LOUIS DE BARTH . ERECTION OF FIR ST BRICK 1 CHURCH AT CARLISLE 806. The next priest of whom we have any authentic inform ation as being closely identified with Carlisle , and who

s of belonged to that zealou band Catholic pioneers , whose work and foresight now elicits our admiration , as it no doubt earned the gratitude of their contemporaries , was

Father Geissler. L ike the former he belonged to that of intrepid band Conewago Jesuits , whose labors were as incessant as their presence was ubiquitous , when souls l T o were to be saved and God g orified . their admirable tact , consistent prudence and uniform harmony w hich guided them in their scattered labors and which permeated the little society on the frontier of civilization , may be a scribed much of the success and certainly the perpetuity ff of their e orts .

R ev . 1 Luke Geissler , was born in Germany in 735 , S 1 6 entered the ociety of Jesus in 75 , became a professed 76

1 on 6th father in 772 . He landed in Philadelphia March 2 , 1 F r i h 769 . o a number of years he made his home w t

P el l en tz Father as an assistant, and from Conewago as the

e centre missionary work radiated , reaching very known

Catholic settlement , even family in the Province . At this time the urgent need ofa German priest was more —n ot on keenly felt , only account of the increased emigra o n of t o tion , but in Carlisle account the recent accession its population by transferring many of the captured Hes For of sians to this frontier town . after the capture Tren th 1 6 ton Dec . 2 s , 77 , a large number of these poor Hessians o were sent to Carlisle , and were employed in the erecti n o f of the stone military barrack , a part which are still in

existence . Ou t of the that were hired to England by Land

grave Frederick II of Hesse Cassel , although almost all n ot wh o Protestants , a few Catholics were to be found , no l oth o f doubt were to return to the life serfdom , when such

glorious prospects of liberty were within reach . In Phila > mar r i ed I< delphia alone more than six hundred were , in

many instances to Catholics . At all events the fact that only returned gives strong color to the p r es u mp

tion that many deserted and settled down in America . o f n o Out the Carlisle prisoners doubt many , pitied and treated with great kindness by i t s citizens who realized the

R or m . i t V l I I 0 ec ds o th e A Ca th . H s . S oc . o . . 0 . f , , p 3 7

unwilling role they played in the War of Independence , preferred to share the hopeful future and promising antici p ati ons of this country to the certain penury and servit u de of a bankrupt petty German principality . Our cemetery gives evidence that some of them either by birth or con version were Catholics , and their bodies lie interred in consecrated ground . 1 8 In 7 4 Father Geissler was sent to take charge of St . ’ Mary s Church , Lancaster, then known as the Mission of e m ne s o u c e . u St . John N p It was hortly after he ass med charge of this parish , that he must have built the first log chapel which tradition mentions , and which was then ” - commonly known as a Mass house, located about midway between Pomfret St . and what on account of the ” a s building , has ever since been known Chapel Alley . As usual in establishing new churches the faithful were for not called upon financial aid , and the money for the lot on which the building was erected , as well as the

i i i e building itself was advanced by the m ss onar s .

The chapel was no doubt long in contemplation , and its —a erection , modest , plain and ungainly though it was , i neflabl consummation y sweet to the Catholic heart . Its e n ow presence was an assuranc that , regular spiritual ministration was in prospect, and that at least Holy Mass

might be celebrated in a house , which belonged to Our

l n z P e l e t . Lord alone . Father writes to Very Dr Carroll “ e of I st 1 8 : from Con wago under date Oct . , 7 5 I paid Mr. 78

Geissler ninety-six pounds 96) for a house in Carlisle to keep service in ; thirty- one pounds 3 1 ) for a house in ’

w . Standing S tone bought with Mr . S e all s advice T h e structure must have been o f a most unpretentious to e n e kind , and furnished m et o ly the most pressing n eds Of e the p ople , the priest making his abode as usual with o f some the faithful . The temporary character of the h - for structure must have been very muc in evidence , the influx of Catholic emigrants , the growing prosperity of the Old settlers , the more tolerant attitude Of Protestants , o f and especially the increasing prominence Carlisle, would hardly warrant these prudent clergymen t o imagi ne for a moment that the primitive structure would n o t be N O or soon supplanted by a more worthy edifice . trace f l d t vestige o the o chapel remains . Only a remo e tradi tion has kept alive th e fact that the chapel was built o f

e a nd logs , and that it was situated betwe n Pomfret S treet a to Chapel Alley . Death , emigr tion the west , and loss h ff n of faith , ave been perhaps more potent in e aci g these

h o f e old traditions , t an the removal the hallow d land

e marks themselv s . T h i s ch ap el wa s th e fir s t Ca th ol i c h ou s e of w or s h ip e r ected

s t o th e u s u eh a n na A t th e ti me o i ts com l ti i we f S q . f p e on t w a s the on ly bu i l di ng sp ecifica l ly s et a s i de for Ca th ol i c h i be tw ee n L a n ca s ter P a a nd t ou wor s . S . L i s o M . p , , In

l v l l v l e n z to V . R D a r r Oc t R e a s . P e t e . r . o . I st 1 8 . J C , , 7 5 . 79 chronological order it ranks fifth in the State of Penn sylvania , outside of Philadelphia . The churches at Lan osh enh o en a d caster, G pp , Conew go and York alone ante ate it . At this time there was a crying need of priests in Phila delphia . The Catholic population since the Declaration of Independence was increasing rapidly ; new settlements were effected contiguous to the city the priests were gr ow Ol d ing and feeble , unable to cope with the engrossing cares and everchanging di fli c u l ti es that cropped out at every stage of the work . Father Molyneux and Father Farmer toiled unsparingly for years, and with increasing years they felt i nfir mi ti es increasing , or as the former sententiously puts i t every day the labor increases and my ability de ” th e creases . Father Geissler himself was to step into f of breach , though already eeling the hand death . Father R e Molyneux writes to Very v. Dr. Carroll for an assistant * “ ” and singles out Father Geissler. I hope , he writes , “ you will consider us and order Mr . Geissler to our assist ance if possible . It is pleasing to me , to Mr. Farmer, and he himself is sensible of the necessity . For my part I have no private views , the public good is all I seek . To S hirk duty or be dilatory in obeying orders in emergencies of such a nature are delinquencies that can d — seldom be laid to the charge of the priesthoo , to the

R v R M l n V R v l - e . . o eu x Dr a r r o l . W ood t t o e . . s oc k etter s 1 . y . C L , pp . 93 94 80

ff l Jesuit never . Though su ering from a ma ady, which as n t o we saw above caused considerable a xiety his superior , to Father Geissler went Philadelphia , and with Father

Beeston assisted Father Molyneux . However he remained — only for a short tim e His illness assumed such a stage t o that he hurried back Conewago , where he finally suc c u mbed on 1 0 th , dying August , o f Speaking him and Father Farmer, S hea says Both were Of that band o f excellent missionaries whom the Jesuit provinces in Germany had sent to America t o attend n their countrymen , but whose labors were given u stintedly ” f t o all Catholics . His twenty years o missionary work i m displayed the tireless energy , the heroic courage, and h be perturbable determination , t at seemed to the pro i d i l f r er v ent a o c ol a bo s . endowment all his L ike them , o f his disinterested love souls , his intrepidity in confront f a nd ing the manifold di ficulties that beset his path , his “ triumphant assertion o f divine truth in season and out ” of o f r edomi season , were the mainsprings action , the p nant attributes of his character. Like them , we find him or t identified with every religious , educational moral en er prise that wa s calculated t o l ead men to holiness and peace . Like them , his prayers were heard , his labors d God . blessed , and the glory of promote

l d 1 T r eac O d Ca th ol c M a r l a n . 1 8 y, i y , p .

8 2

f R letter quoted by Maes in his Life o ev. Charles ” i n k x o f e on N er c . Speaking Con wago , the letter goes to “ state A beau tiful chapel has been erected in the

P ell entz neighborhood by a Jesuit, ( ) and in the pastoral residence I found a precious library ofFlemish and Dutch t of e wh o books lef by a Franciscan missionary Li ge , had resided T n o er fou m on t ol d his doubt was S tanislaus C , since an

‘ tradition connects his name with large contributions to the i r r l b a y. T Whether he subsequently joined the S ociety of on n o Jesus , i—s likewise a mooted point which light can be thrown though in the mind of the writer it is highly

improbable. R er fou mont f ev. Stanislaus C was born in the diocese o

h e 1 e t 1 . Li ge in year 75 Of his career , until he came to 1 8 this country in 7 5 , little is known . Like all mission one aries who entered this vineyard , he attached himself to f of the larger missions in the capacity o assistant . His field ofactivity was virtually the same as that o f his holy

companions , whose hardships and privations he shared . Traces o fhis itinerant career can be discovered in all the

outlying missions of Conewago and Lancaster. His name is likewise found in Maryland and at the First of Synod Baltimore . T wo incidents in his career we beg to call especial atten

Ma es i o R ev h a r r i n kx Ma 6 1 806 e C les N e c . , L f f . , y , ' Mc h e t t h i l s r r H s . S . A lo si u s Ch u r c tt estown 6 1 y , i y , L , p . 4 . 83

to t ion to . The one reads like a romance , and if it goes establishing anything , it is the trustworthiness and veracity of local traditions . ’ Shortly after the writer s ordination (1 877) he was

L P a . . . assigned to ykens , , as assistant In his parochial work he was frequently summoned to Millersburg, Dauphin i o . . C , Pa His intercourse with some of the ntelligent non- Catholics of that community disclosed the existence of an old tradition, that at one time a priest had lived on r the other side of the river in Per y County , and as a con mati on fir of the truthfulness of the report , it was alleged “ ” r that some of his sacred robes were still , in a rathe ’ tattered condition , in the supposititious priest s house . Th ere was such a delicious flavor of mystery about the narrative on the one hand—that almost set an immediate investigation in progress , but on the other hand there was such an air of romantic improbability, that the matter was left in abeyance , at least for the time being . More persistent and veracious witnesses however led the writer

‘ to make cursory inquiry before entering upon a search .

A clergyman of the diocese , in whose knowledge of dio cesan history it was thought implicit confidence could be placed , dismissed the matter summarily by maintaining “ that it was probably a vestment , forgotten by some priest while saying Mass for the Catholics employed in the con ” struction of canals . Our knowledge of the topography of Perry County was so childishly imperfect at the time 84 that we never investigated whether the county had any R ’ canals or railroads, or like John uskin s ideal country was free from “ these curses of modern money making ” tr afli c . so At the time the opinion seemed reasonable , th at the matter was dropped . h In searc ing the court dockets of Cumberland County, by the merest accident , the writer to his amazement, h w ich resolved itself into joyous gratification , discovered th is deed : JAMES R EENEN TO THE M ” R R FO ON T . E V. STANISLAUS CE U

on th e 1 6 1 8 It goes to state that on th August, 79 , K n n e ee e o . James of Juniata Township , Cumb rland C , in consideration of the sum of thirty pounds, Gold and S ilver, er fou mont sold to Rev . S tanislaus C of Heidelberg Town

Co . ship , York , a certain plantation and tract of land in

Juniata Township , comprising one hundred and fifty acres

of land , buildings , barns , stables , etc . etc . This deed seems to be a complete verification of the ” “ ” priest and sacred robe tradition , both of which had an actual existence, the memory and locality of which the but lapse of a century may have somewhat dimmed , fl d certainly not e ac e . Juniata Township was located near Mi ffli n the present village of , Juniata County, and the priest whose history was veiled in so much exasperating

Deed B ook M 2 1 , . p . 7 . 85 m ystery , clearly revealed . Whether more Catholics than Keenen James had settled in that locality, research fails to e h stablis . Old parishioners recall the family traditionally as being related to the Very Rev. Bernard Keenan , for ’

t . more than fifty years pastor of S Mary s Church ,

Lancaster . In spite of painstaking research here and careful inquiries in Perry County , aside from the tradition , no evidence co uld be discovered which would lead to a confirmation that Fa ther Cer fou mont at any time resided on this planta

for tion , or any intimation what purpose he made the pur

. a t e chase Being Franciscan , and it being an oppor un s time for the founding of a ettlement , both on account of the cheapness of la nd and the increasing influx of immi l n grants, no doubt he had view the nucleus of a Catholic osh enh o en settlement , not unlike Conewago , G pp and ’ n Sportsman s Hall . The distance from the mai artery of trade—the turnpike—and the unproductiveness of the soil not to allude to the inaccessibility of the place , may have frustrated all designs in that direction . The date of the pur chase lends color to the surmise that Father Cer fou mont was on one of his periodic visitations , and that James

K eene n ! , no doubt a Catholic , came to Carlisle to attend

o . 1 Holy Mass on the Feast f the Assumption Aug 5th , the initiative taken then and the sale consummated on the f ollowing day . A strange and melancholy feature connected with this 86

purchase is , that most minute search instituted and con ducted by experienced attorneys and local historians , fails H ow to establish a legal sale or transfer of this property . i n ever, the work is still prosecution and some future day may shed more light on this tradition . The other incident fraught with so many blessings to er fo u mo n t our Catholic emigrants , was that Father C was the instrument in bringing to this country a man whose o f transparent purity life , inexhaustible zeal , and heroic devotion to duty , not to touch upon his ripe scholarship o f and luminous intellect, made him one the grandest figures in the beginning of this century and acclaims him f R o ev. the Apostle Kentucky . We refer to the Charles N er i n c k x , the virtue and faithfulness of whose life is fully recorded by Bishop Maes , in his interesting and edifying * biography of that apostolic priest . 20th 1 80 1 It was in a letter dated Conewago , July , , writ

- ou i S ten to his half brother, Father G p p , ecretary to the of e Cer fou mon t Bishop Li ge, that Father gave such a vivid and pathetic recital of the missionary needs of this er i nc k x country, that Father N , to whose attention the

letter was brought , resolved at once to come over and join n of the gallant ba d intrepid priests , who did such invaluable service in the early church of the United

Stat es .

Ma s i o v r l es N r i nchx e e R e . Cha e . , L f f 87

After ni neteen years of missionary labor in America, d 1 80 er fo u mont C . 2 n Father C died at onewago , Aug , 4,

- aged fifty three years .

R D . E V. LOUIS E BARTH

h Cer fou mont The death of Fat er , left Carlisle as before a fli l i ated an mission to Conewago , only that now we find it ff occasionally attended from Lancaster . In Carlisle a airs were evidently assuming a more prosperous and enc ou r aging aspect ; success rewarded some of our Catholic set tl er s in business and public life religious intolerance had lost much of its oldtime aggressiveness and virulence .

The respite was a source of gratitude and thanksgiving, and the warmest expression of such a feeling was found in the new church about to be erected . The log chapel had not only outgrown its usefulness , but was no doubt a secret cause Of keeping many of the vacillating spirits from a t

r v . tending divine se ice With the growing population , there was a corresponding growing desire to have a place of worship more in consonance with the prevailing pros

r i t p e y and more adapted to the service of God . The faith ful , though few, were fervent though composed of various nationalities were united though still of meagre resources e th e and attenuated purs s , were all more generous and

- self denying. It only needed the guiding hand and con trolling spirit of a capable and zealous pastor, to bring n about the most sangui e realizations . 88

The man providentially sent to inaugurate this work ,

not only in Carlisle , but in all the adjacent missions , was not only adapted by nature , but endowed by divine grace to bring about the most marvelous results . A churchman n in the fullest acceptation of the word ; a shrewd , kee , alert business man —the possessor of rare administrative ability coupled with the most engaging manners . Withal there was found in him singular concentration of patient z eal and sweet piety , that could not fail to attract , and attract only to challenge admiration and reverence . His suave and courtly manners evidenced the gentleman by e e birth , his holy and succ ssful care r the priest by the grace of God . t h e R e S v. . I s t uch was Louis De Barth , born Nov ,

1 6 . 7 4 , at Munster , Germany He was the second son of R oh mer Count Joseph de Barth and Maria Louisa de . From earliest youth he S howed unmistakable predisposi

tion for the priesthood , and the whole intellectual trend of his earlier years seems to have been a preparatory

advance to it . He made his collegiate studies at Bellay S in Belgium , and his theological course at trasburg, 1 0 T h where he was raised to the holy priesthood in 79 . e R terrors of the French evolution , forced him , as it did

thousands of the nobility and priesthood , into exile .

Unlike many , who were awaiting the termination of the

saturnalia of licentiousness and blood , he did not go to of — England , the welcome home the refugee , but he

90

inviting lowlands and rich and promising mountainous

districts of Pennsylvania . The accession of Father De Barth to the pastorate of Lancaster signalized a n ew era in the history of the church in Pennsylvania . A new impulse was given to — a . religious life , more vigorous vitality to Catholic faith The congregations already existing were annealed into a a nd a more compact and concrete , coincidentally a more energetic and assertive body ; the provisional l og chapels were being rapidly supplanted by substantial stone and brick structures ; a more systematized mode of procedure o f was adopted in imparting knowledge Catholic doctrines ,

- by catechisation ; the monthly , semi annual and annual visitations to the various settlements opened th e channels of sacramental grace ; the contagion of schism and i nsu b ordination , which , already showing its malign influences ff ex i n Philadelphia , was e ectually stamped out by an em

t p la y life that commanded respect , by an eloquence that

- e o f - w as soul thrilling, by h roic acts self denial that were p athetic . With the princely Gallitzin colonizing the of A l l e h ani es n u nbroken wilds the g , and threadi g his w a through craggy defil es and tortuous br i dl e ath s y — p , living in abject poverty , but ever a ministering angel to — of consolation and grace the isolated settler, and the noble De Barth exchanging his ancestral home for the l og o f cabin the pioneer, leading a life of ceaseless toil and hardship in the fertile and teeming plains adjoining the I

u u of S sq ehanna , one the most inspiring spectacles in the

church history of the S tate is revealed to us . In the men m enduring work of these two apostolic , ani ated by benefic ent the loftiest ambition , fired with the most zeal ,

striving for the consummation of the same eternal ends , we have an achievement that must not only leave its i impress on the eccles astical history of the state , but one that will ever be treasured in the heart of every devou t

Catholic . Their deeds of heroism are still a living and hallowed memory ; the monuments wrought by their hands still remain to attest the prudence and zeal of their u of cond ct, the holiness of their lives , and divinity their

mission . Father De Barth ’s eminent and commanding abilities h were of so transcendent a nature , t at in spite of a shrink ing modesty he could not escape the attention of his

ecclesiastical superiors , nor shun the unwelcome applause 1 h 1 0 i n u . t 8 of the faithf l On January s , 4 , we find him o f stalled as the superior Conewago , a position that attached to itself both the administration of its temporali bei n a ties and spiritu alities . The selection besides g most memor j udicious one , was one that was soon to be made able by results that surpassed the most sanguine expecta

tions . Until now , Conewago was in charge of the Jesuit

Fathers, which though sup pressed kept up the community life and discipline as much as circumstances would war

rant . His appointment was made by Bishop Carroll , him 92

a esu i t h i s e m e s self J , and most of subordinates w re emb r of the S ociety . Father De Barth was a secular priest . That the most implicit confidence was placed in h i s prudent foresight , transparent honesty and consummate administrative skill , is amply attested by the public acknowledgement recorded in the Anna ls of the Society of

. C. Jesus , at Georgetown , D , which proclaims the integrity and fidelity with which he acquitted himself in the dis

charge ofhis arduous and exacting duties . His departure from Lancaster led to great internal dis sension in that parish , which at one time assumed an 1 806 alarming aspect, so that in he paid a long visit to

r e- the place , placated the rebellious Germans , and estab i l sh ed peace . ofli c e It was , whilst exercising the of administrator at

Conewago , and being brought in closer touch with the small missions , that the brick church was built here in

1 806 . , under his supervision 0 The structure was still small , about 4 x 35 feet , almost on painfully plain , but in any event a vast improvement the old log chapel . All the same, the undertaking was

one that - must have taxed the scant resources of the few

Catholics to their utmost , for now they were called upon

to contribute . The structure was nondescript in style , T h e with no architectural pretensions whatsoever. 1 monotony of the two lateral walls , about 2 feet in height, was relieved by four unsymmet rically large windows (two 93

- h . m on eac side) The modest front , Quaker like in its pri e l e demureness , had a central entranc , flanked by two arg l n windows . The corner stone by some inexplicab e tur of ff a airs was placed above the central entrance , and consisted L n of a plain solid brown sandstone , with the atin inscriptio neatly and correctly carved P ta e i n er i non r a eva l ebu nt a dver su s ea m or f p . D V] M . CCC (“ The gates of hell shall not prevail against

There was no receptacle for documents , coins , etc . , nor h i any evidence , outside of the inscription to indicate t at t was to serve the purpose it did . Of the interior of th e church we have no information . No doubt it had th e customary plain wooden altar, plainer pews , and the his

ten l a te . . toric p stove , etc , etc How and where the funds were secured for this building is a matter of mere conjecture . Church records of th at h period ave been destroyed , and newspaper files shed no light on the matter . During these widely scattered missiona ry excursions th e Father De Barth had assistance of men , all of whom e for a nd left an enviabl reputation learning piety . In fact, if we view these men in the light of intellectual attainments , we cannot fail to be surprised to find them in the wild and arid wastes of an unbroken wilderness a nd frontier civilization instead of filling some professori al

chair in a European college or university . Father F. X . 94

Brosius was an eminent scientist and profound theologian . In 1 796 he issued a R eply of a R oma n Ca th oli c P r i es t to a * P ea e- l ovi n P r ea ch r th L u th er a n h u r h 1 6 c g e of e C c ( mo . 1 6 1 8 1 T h e E l ements o N a tu r a l or E x er i 9 in 3 , f p men ta l P h i l os o h — 1 8 1 A N e w p y , Cavallo Brosius ; and in 5 , a nd Conci s e M e th od of Fi n di ng th e L a ti tu de by dou bl e L a ti tu des o th e u n f S . It was he who gave George Ticknor his first instruction in German , preparatory to his going to

' o f Otti n n the University G ge . T R The other assistant was Father Gallitzin , the ussian wh o Prince , in joining the Church , renounced a mapped out course that would have paved the way t o the highest r distinctions Of diplomatic o military life . The formidable a nd o f trenchant pen he wielded , the logical grasp mind of and vivid directness style , and his thorough equipment De ence o as an astute polemic , is in full evidence in his f f Ca th oli c P r i nci l es h i s A ea l to th e P r otes ta nt P u bli c p , pp , which n ot only summarily effected the complete di s c om fit u r e of his opponent , but have ever since, by their lucid o f presentation Catholic doctrines , been of incalculable — t service , transla ed as they were into almost every modern tongue . His life has formed the subject of a most inter esting and readable volume , by Miss Sara Brownson . I T h e e wh o c onse oth r assistants were Father Egan , was

i B i bl i o r a h z a 2 2 B i n ott . . , g p , p 5 ’ r e T i c n o r s etter s a nd o u r n a l vo l I 1 1 G e o e . . . 1 g k Lif , L j , , p th R v D A l l tz n b i e o e e . a r o n s o n . 1. L f f . G i i , y B w 95

h . 8th 1 8 1 0 crated First Bishop of P iladelphia , Oct 2 , , Rev Z * Nicholas occhi and Rev. Adam Marshall . There seems to be little doubt that all these alternated with their superior in attending Carlisle , at intervals sometimes long, sometimes short , when a sick call imperatively demanded their service , etc. The query naturally obtrudes itself how could these men , with their manifold and fatiguing e h a labors, their distracting and harassing duti s , wit no p p r ec i a—bl e time for literary recreation or concentrated study, how could they find time to cultivate the graces of literature, follow their bent for scientific investigation , or delve in abstruse theological p roblems !

In attending the missions , Father De Barth usually “ went on horseback , and no one was better known or more beloved than Father De Barth , whose coming was always ” n i nfir mi ti es hailed with delight . In later years growi g

e probably more than improved roads , made him indulg in a less exhausting , even if more dangerous and expensive mode of travel . The two following letters, now published for the first time , show the care and solicitude exercised in the construction of the conveyance adapted to these o n r ads , which incidentally gives an insight into their u safe and perilous condition . The first letter is addressed to the

R ev. . . Mr Byrne , pastor at Lancaster No doubt like the

’ Fat er Zocc h i s n o l e e o f n l i sh w as ver e ec ti ve H i s vo ca bu a r ai h k w dg E g y d f . l y f l h i m n e da i n r i h i n f th V M at r l i s e a e h i m sta r t l i n o eci t n t e ta o e . . Ca e g y g L y B . , l , m d “ h i s c on r e a ti on b c l osi n th e i ta n i th s o e h e si ta n c mou tons o f God wh o g g y g l y w m y , , ” a wa th e s i ns of r l n tak es t y th e wo d 1 H e di ed a t T an eyt ow , Dec . 1 9th , 1 845 . 96

’ - m deacon , in Holmes wonderful one hoss shay , any annoying accidents and exasperating experiences , taught “ ” him to have his conveyance built in a logical way . It was evident he knew that

Th er e i s a lways s omewh e r e a wea k es t sp ot I n h u b t r e fe e s r o r t , i , llo , in p ing hill , I n a e o r r ssba r o r fl r o r s p n l , c o , oo , ill , I n s r e b t t r u br a e—u r k s t c w , ol , ho o gh c l ing ill . and therefore gave such circumstantial and minute i n s tr u ti ns o ne e c o about this wonderful hors gig . We produce it ver ba ti m et l i ter a ti m

. 1 6 1 8 1 CONEWAGO , Dec th , 2 . ’ R MR EV D . . BYRNE “ R I R E V. 81 E S D AR , As I expect to be in Littleyork on S unday the 24 of January may be I will come myself o u for for the gig, y are so obliging as to procure me . As the double joints are said to be much better than the sin gle I give preference to the former. They may be plated if you think it best . In everything do as you would for yourself. As I am often riding on the side of hills , it would be best to have the tyres of the wheels hollow On the outside . As Mr. Brown T prefers the steel springs I

T h e au th or i s i n de t t o M en er s a n c a s t er P a . w h o h l h r i i b ed S . . S , E q , L , , o ds t e o g al l r s a n d i n l fu r n i s th e c o i e s n ette k d y h e d p .

M r r o n w as a n ol d a n ca s ter c a rr i a e u i l er . f . B w L g b d

98

beneath the shafts . I think it would be best to have one ” on each shaft to a proper length . I remain R evd and Dear Sir Your Obedt 8c Humble servant

i n . [S g ed ] L . BARTH t o of The other letter is addressed Anthony Hook , one the Old Lancaster Catholics and a warm friend of Father

De Barth . It is dated , and runs thus

1 8 1 . . 2 CONEWAGO , Feb 4 , 3 DEAR S I R

I fully intended to get to Lancaster tomorrow, but I hear of so many accidents happening to those who attempt

to cross the river on the ice , that I must give up my i i l r k . Ofli c ate tt e o e plans I am to at L y next Sunday , and if there be at that time no danger in crossing I a d will send a man n horse to take the gig . Mr .

Metzger in Hanover is intimately acquainted with Mr . l Swartz in your town . I wil next Friday propose to him 60 to accept from me about $3 , and give me an order upon

his friend Mr . Swartz , who I hope will accept it . The R or h i s order will be payable to evd Mr . Byrne to you in

absence .

The balance after paying the gig is for Mrs . Michen

felder and Christina . ’ I don t remember if I mentioned to Mr. Byrne to pro cure a horse collar of a large size and a buckle to enlarge

or shorten it . The horse I intend to use in the gig is a 99

stout and able animal . God grant that I may have good luck with him . “ ’ From Mr. Byrne s account of the gig I am sure I i t shall be pleased with it . I am in the greatest need of , after a long ride and even a short one if the horse makes a blunder I am obliged t o keep my room . I am much obliged to you for the trouble you have taken in e this business , and shall forever r main as I always have been Your sincere friend and servant

[S i gned ] L . BARTH . To Anthony The t wo preceding letters give us a passing glimpse of the missionary equipage in the early part of the century . t es A gig that was vir ually a chapel , containing all the senti al s for divine worship , such as vestments , missal , altar stone , chalice , etc . , securely stowed away under lock and key ; with straps securely holding the body of the

- gig to the running gear, to keep the trundling , top heavy conveyance from tilting over on those perilous mountain roads that even now endanger the ' most expert horse m a n b . Anyone who has travelled the highways and y ways of the interior of the State even at the present d i time, especially when the vernal sun sen s teeming l fe through nature ’s arteries ” will pardon the circumstantial instructions , nor smile at fears that were anything but groundless .

T h o as H ook w a s n h ’ i th ol i cs m a ot er o fLa nc as t e r s p on e er Ca . 00

2 th 1 8 1 On July 9 , 4 , Father De Barth was promoted , o f by his whilom assistant , Bishop Egan , to the position a dmi ni s Vicar General , and after his death , was appointed Of trator the diocese by Archbishop Carroll , to exercise “ all the authority of the deceased until the Holy See ” appointed a new Bishop .

His mild sway, coupled with prudential insight , that of seemed a characteristic attribute his character, averted dire calamity in the diocese . The seeds of revolt had I i — been sown , and a destructive schism was mm nent, but o f the tact, forbearance , magnanimity the administrator ,

e averted what seemed inevitable . His judicious and ben fic ent course as administrator could n o t fail to single him of — out as a worthy successor to the See Philadelphia , and

' é Ch ever u s though both Archbishops Mar—chal and were urgent in having him accept , and though it is claimed of the Bull Investiture had already reached Philadelphia , t o he gently, but peremptorily refused entertain the acceptance H I S i i i i r o adm n strat on , extend ng over three years was p du c ti ve of u n i el d much good ; his diplomacy , mild but y

ing, holding in check the clashing elements , that embit t er ed of the dying moments Bishop Egan , and were a

“ * i l n t a i l n eel o n a nd evou tl u t t h e u l s i n th e fir I o cc e t bu t e . w l p , w l k d w d y p b l T hen I wi ll m ak e ou t t es t i m on i a l s for mysel f si gn ed i n m y r e al na m e a s Vi c a r G en er a l a nd i ve s el a not er na e i n th e bo d o f t h e a er an d t en ar e el l Mon sei n g my f h m y p p , h f w . g

u r . ei t e r ou n or a n on e el se s al l ever k n o t h e c o r n er of th e l o e h er e I ! e N h y , y , h w g b w ” —V R v D h t A r c bi s h o s h al l ve eta t e th e few ea r s l e t m e t o l i ve . e . e ar t o g y f . L . B , h p

Mar h al u ot ed b ea H tor o th e a th h Vol I I I 2 22 éc S . s C C . . . . , q y h i y f . , , p

I OZ

A str ong personality is disclosed to us in Fath er de

Barth , where quickness of decision , concentration of pur pose and fertility o f resources are most admirably blended

of f o f with true depth humility , total forget ulness self and an insatiate thirst for the salvation of souls. A person ality that combined marvelous enthusiasm with disere tion , bravery with coolness , piety without obtrusiveness — , zeal without presumption , and above all an inexhaust h n o ible charity , whic failure could dampen , no trial en i danger, no disappointment ext—nguish . Had he accepted the bishopric of Philadelphia , the onerous responsi—bility alone made him recoil from entertaining the idea , per haps the scandal and schism which ensued could have been averted .

T CHAP ER VII .

’ C ES T o R E V. . V BISHOP ARROLL REPLI — DR DA IDSON S C C C H F ATTA KS ON THE HUR TH—E EDITOR RE USES T o PUBLISH HIS LET TER CHIEF JUSTICE

TANEY ATTENDS DICKINSON COLLEGE . TOUCHING OBITUARY NOTICE ON ARCHBISHOP CARROLL BY A

PROTESTANT .

Although the prevailing sentiment in Carlisle was thus far tolerant and never openly hostile to Catholics , occasional sporadic outbursts convinced them that the right of full and 1 03 unimpaired citizenship was accorded them rather g—r u dg i ngly by one of the dominant factors in those days the

Presbyterian clergy . There may have been a few notable — exceptions , but the uniform antipathy was so stern and unbending that they counted for little . To them the Church was still under a ban ; it was still th e ta rget at o f which the bolts impotent pulpit thunder, scriptural l a prophecy and imp ac ble denunciation was to be hurled . The annual recurrence of the sermon against Popery was I n n e u as unfailing maki g its app arance, as the ann al as spring doses of senna as a cathartic , manna a laxative , or sulphur and molasses as a blood purifier, with which e our forefathers religiously dosed themselv s . The clergy e felt , or pretended to feel that the Pope , aid d by some n a nd n h ad m l for mo archic satanic coalitio , atured p ans the establishment of th e Catholic Religion in America and mentally they dep icted the exodu s of hundreds of i s dissenting ministers , ejected from their pulp t , stripped oftheir livin gs and sent to starve a mong the Moh awks or n Iroquois on the frontier . The alarm was at times cha ged w ff to consternation , hen Catholicity e ected a foothold in o r some large community , gained a convert established a

nu nn er v. That the children of men , brothers in Divine h S n sonship , equal in t eir piritual ature , of indefeasible right , independent of all earthly power in the domain of conscience , each of them , even the humblest and most t degraded , independent in hat sacred sphere , and account 1 04

God n t o able to alo e , were be looked upon as equals , was an abstr ac t truth th at coul d be philosophically entertained n ot in private , but certainly theologically enunciated in public . But the Church which grew like an undyi ng plant n ot under penal laws and ostracism , did fail to thrive under bigotry and intolerance . Moreover the more intelligent and liberal church members , looked upon these annual atta cks o fsectarian rabies as they did upon h of do the supposed ygienic perils the g days . They had to b e no t i nn oc u t o come , they had borne , they were only m u s . o f o , but mildly humorous The ock heroic attitude m irascible inisters hurling bitterest defiance at a decrepit , o f poor , Old Pope , thousands miles away , and with gaudy

a e phr se , sp cious argumentation , illimitable confidence and s ec c l esi e bullient enthusia m , proving that this tottering

l o n e o f n o n th e ast e the v rge eternity , had sinister desig s peace and liberty of this country was s o deliciously ludic

e to I ous and picturesqu ly grotesque , as be looked upon as a most d elightful diversion from we arisome hours of I t n o expounding the sacred text . was doubt , more

e d an inherit d tendency , than a religiously groun ed I i d conviction that nsp red these ithyrambic diatrib es . But the minister had not fallen from the high estate into which P u r itanism had hoisted him . He was still looked r x o f upon with some uno thodo reservations course , as the “ t o f j us man made perfect , the oracle the divine will , the

1 06

school . He had written a rhyming geography, which as well as I can remember containe d about fifty

o f printed pages , printed in This geography

which he was very vain , had to be memorized by the n m on a e . students , even the acrostic his own T N o one but a man ofsuch mental calibre and theologi ’ Kli ne s Ca r l i s l e Week l cal oddity, could have issued in y Ga z ette l the following production , whose quaint and comprehensive title we reproduce in full Th e S i gns of th e T i mes : or th e Over th r ow of th e P ap a l Tyr a n ny i n Fr a nce th e r el u de o destr u cti on to P o er a nd Des oti s m , p f p y p ki nd B i h M a n B T . c eno bu t o P ea ce to . th j y (4 Edition ,

E i tomi z ed b th e R ever end R ober t Da vi ds on London) p y , D D. .

The epitome exte nds through three weekly issues a n d

M m r r B r ok T a ne L L 2 e oi of R o e o e . D . , p . 4 . g y ,

J R o u n th e l o e n o w t o r o v e a n d i t s s u r ac e s u r ve r d g b , f y ,

h o u t fA m er i a a s te n a a O , y h o c , h w y B i d a i eu fo r a i l e t o t h e t o s o u de i r e d wh y y s , ’ E a r t s e a u t i es t o v i e a n d i t s o n er s a dm i r e h b w , w d

f tr u c t i n i m r ve l l u r ti m R e u s e n o t i n s o , p o we yo e T e a r e a i n a e w h o a r i s e i n e i r r i m h y h ppy g e w t h p e .

’ ’ Del i h t l l a s s s ea s c n ti n t d w e p o ent s h r ou gh , g , A n d i s l e s w i th c u t n u e r t h e o l d a n d th e n e w mb , ; Va s t o c ea n s a n d s e a s t o o s a l l a ve t ei r du r , , h h h e p a i s e

I n c l u di n t h e r i ver s t h e l a e s a n d t h e a s g , k b y at i t at i t -x

" Th e r est sa s Ch i ef u s ti c e T a n e o m w e a r u ti n h , y wh e o g a t t e a e o f ea r s J y , q g 77 y , " h a s dr o d r om m memor pp e f y y .

1 Ju l 2 9 1 7 y , 95 I O7

covers eleven columns of closely printed matter . It cer ta i nl y must have made the geography class chuckle with delight . It is a most quaint and ingenious literary and biblical production , couched in an archaic and portentous th e diction , in harmony with momentous subject . Pro fu sel y interlarded with scriptural quotations , drawing h liberally on astronomical , c ronological and historical data to bolster up the theological manikin . The argu n mentation is abstruse to ebulousness . The subject itself d seemed to evade all i eas of perspicacity . An evident predilection obtrudes itself of delving in metaphysical

a subtlety and obscure mysticism , rather th n allow full play of the searchlight of honest inquiry, or be guided by th the accepted canons of logic . The trend of e whole

a o f scriptural interpretation , with the Be st and Dragon — B ook o R evel a ti ons a the f as a basis , the stronomical , chronological and historical data a r e all marshal led up in O serried array , to proclaim to an ppressed and yearning mankind , that the year in which spiritual and civil

e i ts dea th k n el l Tyranny was to hav sounded , was now ” 1 ( 795) dawning yea even at the door . A t the present time the whole production would be

- ‘ l u c u br a classed in the category of mild curiosities , the of m d tions a theologically stunted in , like the acrostic arouse a sympathetic smile , and charitably be consigned a n to the wastebasket . Not so in age when the minister was still the visible mouthpiece of Divine truth . No doubt 1 0 8 th e production would have remai ned unnoticed were it n ot fo r the extremely bitter and inflammable tone in t which it was written . Its spiri would have done no mean

t o o r —a credit a Cotton Hooker, spirit which burned the d o u t R Catholics at the stake , rove the Quakers , sent oger t o n Williams find an asylum amo g the Indians , and sat in judgment on the witches Of S alem and Andover . o f e It was the incendiary character the epitom , with its

for a on of uncalled spersions the Catholics this country , f wh o were just beginning to show sign s o life and activity a fter the removal Of the disabilities and proscription w so efle c tu al l hich y hampered their careers , that inspired Bishop Carroll t o whom the article was referred to issu e the subjoined letter . The letter without entering into a c e o f s at gorical refutation the whimsical ebullition , point o u t th e undercurrent o f bigotry and persecution which

a — lies conce led in the whole document , and which was

f T h e liable t o injure the cause o Catholicity and liberty . l etter is addressed

T H Z * T o THE EDITOR OF E CARLISLE GA ETTE .

' Living at a great distance I have seldom an o pp or t u ni t t o y of reading your p aper, but I chanced this day th o meet with that o f Aug . 5 in which y u communicate t o b o f e the pu lic your idea a fr e press , and inform them

e t o o f the rules by which yo u propos conduct it . Every

m th t R r h V l xi A Ca H s esea c es o . . 1 . i , , p 33

1 1 0

But to return to yourself, Mr. Editor, after having disseminated seeds of violent hatred against R oman Cath ol i c s o f , as forming the very kingdom antichrist ; could ou y in j ustice refuse them the rights of defence , and even o f retaliation against their adversaries if they insisted on " it ! If they were to ofler for publication writings tending 8th to prove that Luther and Calvin , and Henry the , and Archbishop Cranmer, and John Knox began to spread o f the reign antichrist , and that their followers support h it until t is day , and share their guilt ; (and I assure you that this m ay be done with much better arguments than those of Duumvirs Bi c k no and his epitomizer) would you. admit those writings as fit for insertion in your Gazette ! In my opinion yo u would n o t and whatever you might t o now resolve do , after having sent forth the predictions Of prophet Bi c k n o and left yourself no fair plea for r e

ec ti n o f e j g a free examination them I am persuad d , that e you would have reprobat d and with great propriety , o n of similar inflammatory pieces , the Catholic side the question . I expect however the insertion Of this as a on o r of necessary animadversion the author , authors those inj urious extracts give n in your paper ; and shall estimate your fair de ali ng and impartiality by your r eadi h ” ness in complying wit a reasonable and j ust request . “ ” 1 1 i . S ned . Aug , [ g ] CATHOLICUS

The reply was never published . The motive that I I I prompted its suppression was more the fear of arousing th e animadversive consequences , than plea of rejecting it on the score of inutility . Had the letter been written i n 1 8 1 the year 95 instead of 795 , it could not be more o a pportune and apposite , nor reflect the w nton disregard — — o f all fairness and decency a century ago not even as t h e virulent as it has been of late , when Catholic was the butt of the foulest and most venomous attacks , and when s heets literally reeking with filth and obscenity , were r h scattered b oadcast throug out the country , and smug h gled into the omes of pure women and innocent girls . This under the cloak of religion Of Ga z ette The editor the , though not a most con s c i enti ou s h Of Christian , (for in searc ing the files his j ournal , we detect advertisements calling attention to ’ “ the printing omc e having on stock Tom Paine s Age of Reason ” side by side with the latest theological tract “ vindicating the Divinity of had not the cour ’ a e g to print the Bishop s letter , and had recourse to the following transparent evasion . “ The Editor acknowledges the receipt of the piece signed Catholicus . He can assure the writer, that the extracts from a pamphlet entitled the ‘ Signs of the Times ’ were not intended to give any offence to any society of Christians whatever ; but merely to inform such as might

' ’ K l i ne s a r l i sl Weekl a z ette e t 1 2 1 C e S . . y G , p , 795 1 1 2 be curious to inquire into the prophetic parts of S crip of ture , what are the sentiments some writers of the present day, respecting the fall of civil and religious tyranny in the Old World ; and what aspect th e revo lutions that have lately happened may have towards that fo r event . The Epitomizer made a few extracts his own use ; which being shown to some of his friends they d esired they might be printed . As to his o wn senti h ow ments of the work , far it agrees with the most c approved ommentators , and in what parts it may be

exceptionable, he has said nothing. He will neither sup nor c u o f port ondemn it thro gh the medium a newspaper , having done nothing more than faithfully made a few extracts from a work which the public is already in possession of as he would make extracts from any book i whatever, wh ch he might think curious and deserving — of attention , as the piece is far from being in the style

argumentation , the Editor begs to be excused from pub ” n l i sh i g it . R OGER BROOKE TANEY .

At the same time that Th e S i gns of th e T i mes was o n of luridly appearing the religious horizon Carlisle , probably a very interested party in the discussion was a Catholic young man wh o was pursuing his studies at a nd f Dickinson College would graduate in a e w weeks . T h e young student was descended from an old Catholic

1 1 4

gratitude. His talents already displayed themselves in a o f manner not only to merit the praise his teachers , the admiration of his classmates , but presaged a future that n ot could not fail to be successful , if brilliant . a o n 1 n He gradu ted October 7 , 795 , receivi g the degree o f of Bachelor Arts . Being elected by his fellow s tudents as valedictorian on commencement day he addressed a vast concourse in the Presbyterian Church “ with a brief account of the utility of S eminaries Of It is not our province to trace the unprecedented strides this young man made to success ; how by a succession of brilliant achievements he rose to the most distinguished honors in the nation ; what an important part he played in shaping its destinies and h ow he attained the highest o f eminence barring that President , and that in spite of factional animosities and political persecution and aboli ti oni st execration the name of R oger B r ooke T a n ey T will always remain one of the most honored in the history of

American j urisprudence and patriotism . An honor to his country and to his Church . . His devotion to his Church was that of the most devout

'

. I th a t and uncompromising Catholic Most thankful am , the reading , reflection , studies and experience of a long life have strengthened and confirmed my faith in the

a r l i sl e a z ette . Oc t . 1 . C G 9 , 795 ” — i n t d h i ef u st i c e Ma h 1 1 8 6 M a r c 1 I . A o e i o r n r c . D e Oct 1 2 1 86 1 B h 7, 777 pp C J , 5 , 3 d . , 4 , a ge d 87 ye ar s . I S

h as Catholic Church , which never ceased to teach her children how they should live and how they should

u as His humility was as profo nd his faith . and was ex e r c i sed in even the most solemn as well as tri vial circum “ n f sta ces o his life . Often have I seen him stand at the

e d out r oor leading to the confessional , in a crowd of peni col or ed tents , the majority , waiting his turn for admission . I proposed to introduce him by another door to my con fessi o nal c , but he would not ac ept of any deviation from m ” the established c u s to . T ’ t h e T a ne s n l At time of young y sojour in Carlis e , Dick

inson College was a small structure of four rooms , located i n e — Lib rty Alley, immediately back of Bedford street , e n (in the r ar of the present Cumberla d Fire Co . Engine fe w House ,) and was consequently only a hundred yards e from the chapel . His attendanc there whenever th e presence of a priest gathered t ogether the small congrega

tion in the modest log chapel , is more than a matter of

mere surmise , since in addition to his strong and vital f faith , which was the inspiration of his holy li e , he certainly must have had a personal acquaintance with m some of the Maryland missionaries , who at this ti e

visited Carlisle .

D. Memoi r o R o er B . T a ne . L L . . . f g y , p 475

' n D 6 moi r o R o er B . T a e L L . . . Me . 1 f g y , , p 47 1 1 6

R DE A T H OF ARCHBISHOP CA ROLL .

It was during t h e pastoral administration o f Fa ther De E ar th that Archbishop John Carroll was call ed to his

De 1 1 h e e c . 8 . T h avenly reward , 3 , 5 sad news filled the o f e — hearts the faithful with the most poignant gri f, and all Americans irrespective o f political o r church a ffil i a tion seemed to realize that in his death the Church had lost o ne of its most powerful champions and the Republic o f one its most loyal sons . His zeal and sincerity both as an ecclesiastic and citizen see med t o have made his death o ne —for n o w that all lamented , it was only , that the full sense of loss dawne d upon th e mind o f all lovers o fvirtue

th e e and liberty . Always foremost in ass rtion and main t ena n c e o f th e o f t o heritage liberty handed down us , he

e yet joined a childlike piety and an asc tic mode of life , that elicited the ven e ratio n o f all wh o came in contact n o t o with him . That this influence did c nfine itself to his immediate circle o f acquaintances o r local environ

e ment , is manif st from the eloquent and touching eulogy

a li s l e Vol u n te r De 1 c C r e c . whi h appeared in the , ( 9 , and which bears evide nce o f being written by a non

e Catholic . It is a great pleasure to r produce the obituary we in its entirety ,

1 1 8

so m o f never witnessed a funeral procession , where any w eminent respectability and standing among us , follo ed of s — of of t the train mourner Distinctions rank , weal h , a of religious opinion were laid aside , in the gre t testimony — e of respect to the memory ofthe man . Besides the num r th e e n e ous crowd who filled the streets , windows w re thro g d — for e r with spectators . The funeral service the dead was p formed a t the Chapel of the S eminary ; and the mind

already penetrated with regret and deepest sorrow, felt t h e ff e e ect of these religious ceremonies , which perform d

in the same manner, and chaunted in the same language and tone of voice through succeeding ages bring together th e o f 1 600 t o remotest periods years , and present the

o f —T h e mind , some faint image eternal duration . deep tones of the organ and the solemn chaunt of the choristers n ot seemed to the excited feeling , to belong to this world , o f but to be the welcome good spirits , who had gone before ,

and now solemnly saluted him , who descended through the of tomb to the bar eternal j ustice , to receive the reward t o apportioned a good and faithful servant .

According to the particular disposition of every one, have we —heard the venerable Arch - Bishop praised and lamented the extent o fthis knowledge and the enlarge of of ment his mind , fastened upon the men liberal science . The liberality o f his character and his christian charity t o endeared him his Protestant brethren , with whom he

dwelt in brotherly love. He was a patriot and loved his I 9 n ative land ; no r should Americans forget that his exer tions and benedictions , as a man and as a christian prelate , were given to the cause and the independence of his country . His manners were mild , impressive , and h i s urbane . The various stores of knowledge came from lips with uncommon classical grace and richness , which he gained from a perfect acquaintance with ancient languages and literature . His charities were only bounded w by his means , and they fell around him like the de s of n o t i Heaven , gentle and unseen . To those who stood n

need of the comforts of life , he administered the consola tion of his counsel and the weight of his character and

’ n reputation for erudition and p rofou d good sense, gave an v authority to his ad ice , which the proudest scarcely dared

to disregard . The veil of mourning that hid the tears of f h i s e the a flicted , covered many a heart not of own parti n

lar flock , which felt that it lost an inestimable friend . The character of Arch- Bishop Carroll seemed indeed to be ’ e filled up with wond rful care . Educated at St . Omer s , h e d was early disciplined in the exercises of the min , and

l e h deeply versed in classic ov . Becoming at Liege attac ed

e to the Soci ty of Jesus , he acquired that spirit of action , d of — ad that profound knowle ge the human heart, that

' afiai r s 2 00 mirable fitness for the of the world , which for years distinguish e d their order a nd spread its power to the

th e e remotest countries . When glories of the Jesuits wer

extinguished with the society itself, he travelled over 1 20

Europe as the friend a nd instructor of an English noble f ff man . Then he viewed the manners o di erent nations s a w o f e o f the courts kings , and me tings philosophers , and o f a c c om added the liberality a true philosopher and , the p l i sh m ents o f e to of — a g ntleman , the apostolic dignity his calling Temptation drew forth the purity o f his virtue

e e and lik S hadrach he walked erect in the flam s . He early marked the rise o f the baleful m eteor o f French

e Philosophy, and mourned wh n he saw the pestilences ” s n hook from its horrid hair , invade his native la d . But he gathered his spiritual children under his wings , and protected them in security and he was permitted to live ff to to see a di erent spirit. prevail witness a great revival o f ar ti c u of religion , and in the abundant prosperity his p

t o th e of o f lar church , reap harvest his toil and labor his e lif . When he was called to receive the reward of his e o f e ou t many virtues , the excellenc his charact r shone th e with fresher lustre , as he gradually set like sun in

e — mellowed s pl ndor Death , as if fearfully , attacked him T h e w a . with slo and cautious appro ches paralysis , and consequent mor ti fic ati on o f the lower extremities was

e e t o complete , b for his icy touch , ventured chill the — fa c u l heart and even until the last moment , the noble of ties the mind retained their pristine vigor . He enquired if a conveyance was prepar ed to take away his sister and we eping connections ; told them the scene was about to

t o . close, and requested them take rest and nourishment

1 2 2

CHAP T E R VIII .

R . H E BR ON T E V PETER L , A PIONEER PRIES OF WESTERN R PENNSYLVANIA DI E S ON HIS W A Y HOM E AT CA LISLE . HIS ASTONISHING JOURNEYS IN T H E DISCHARGE I —I N B OF H S DUTIES . HIS WILL HE E A T H QU E E S ALL HIS PROPERTY TO ST . ’ I O R E P R PATR CK S C NG GATION . U CHASE OF T H E BLAINE LOTS FOR A RECTORY BY

THOMAS HAGAN .

e o ne It was during the pastorat Of Father De Barth , that o n t o h Of the old pioneer missionaries , while his way P ila delphia in search o fmedical aid breathed his l a st in the f o . home Thomas Hagan , in Carlisle But few biographical data are available concerni ng this

for man , but those few stamp him as a fit companion men

like a Gallitzin , Barth and Brosius . Discomfort and hard t n Of ship , the restric io s a language whose unfamiliarity nar

e not e rowed his career and circumscribed his influ nce , ev n a flec te d the realization that he was with an acute disease , n o t which he , unskilled in the practi—se Of medicine , knew fully well would cause his death , deterred him from performing missionary work which even in th e light of

e e modern trav ling facilities , would seem simply stup ndous . The ready acquiesce n ce and u n r u fli ed cheerfulness with which he accepted the most toilsome and Obnoxiou s mis 1 2 3 — sions , with but one dominant thought in view the Glory of God and the salvation of souls , reveals to us the priest according to the heart of God . His sojourn in any mission ffi —was too brief to a x to it the impress of his individuality, but his unobtrusive and unsparing labors were none the less meritorious in the sight of heaven and salutary t o the souls entrusted to his care . R H l b n e e ev. e r o The ant c dents of Peter , before his arrival in America are involved in considerable mystery .

No doubt of German extraction , he must have known of the dearth Of priests in this country and volunteered to

e e join the self exiled hero s , who w re accomplishing such

e noble work . The first record we hav of him is that * b n l r n R e . H u l r R e . H b v u v . u u Petrus and the John Bapt , o n h arrived in Pennsylvania board the ship Dorot ea ,

e R t 1 w a s mast r, from o terdam , Oct . 4th , He at h nh o en — t o Gos e CO. once appointed pp , Berks for in the L R e wi s 1 88 ev . will Of the John L q made in April , 7 , Elk —h t o n e Co . . e . C cil , Md bequeathes all his property to Rev “ e I n Rob rt Molyneux , including all my estate Hereford

h e R t . . R township , save that in tenure of J Baptist De itter, ” R ev H el br o n now of . Peter , Berks county . 1 th 1 1 On Aug . 9 , 79 , we find him installed as the second of th e pastor the church of Holy Trinity , Philadelphia , e e n wher he succeed d his brother John Charles, who retur ed

P en n a A r ch i ves I I er i es Vo l VI I 2 . , ( S , ) . ! , p . 53 .

R ecor ds o th A m a t/z H i t oc V l I 1 1 f e . C . s , S . o . , p . 8 . , 5 1 24

1 a f t o to Europe in 1 7 . He w s o course elected the posi 9 — o f th e tion by the Trustees church , but since Bishop t o e Carroll cheerfully gave his a pprobation the sel ction , the impending storm which proved so harmful t o the

t o e o f Ca th o prestige , and mischievous the dev lopment l i i t l c o . e r ec o y, was temp rarily checked The Philad lphia lectio ns represent him as a man o fcul ture and refin ement punctiliously neat and precis e in h i s priestly attire and duties with a dignified and commanding presence ; sitting

' h i s h o r s e with a military grace and repose that formed an to unfailing source of admiration his flock , and perhaps was n o t untinctured with a little pardonable vanity o n the t h e T part Of rider . his accomplishment , which tradition

A ll e h ani es e recalls in the g as well as Philad lphia , is easily accounted for by the fact that Father H elbr on h ad done military duty in Prussia before his elevation to the e pri sthood . The scandalous and disastrous conflict o f the T ruste es Of Tri n ity Chu rch with eccl esiastical authority bega n ' on N ov . 1 6th 1 6 e o f , 79 , wh n in defiance episcopal authority fla i ti o u s f o w n th e T and in g violation o its laws , rustees

e R e a T elect d v . John N ep o mu c en Goetz as its p stor . his

m a n o t e e H el br on contu cious act , only displac d Fath r , caus e d Bishop Carroll an endless amount o f mo r ti fic ati on

e n e th e O and sorrow, disru pt d the precarious u ity , th n nly

e e a hope Of Catholic succ ss , but laid the se ds for that cal m i to u s —th T h e e epoch e H oga ni te schism . congr gation

1 2 6

From this we can date the beginning of his career on th e f A l l e h a n i s e other side O the g e . Familiariz d with his new charge he at once set about to build a home for him —a l o 8 2 6 e to self, g house 2 ! fe t , which the congregation , n o w d thoroughly enthusiastic did the best it coul , by

n e t o th e t o attachi g a rud shed house, answer as a chapel , until favorable circumstances would permit the erection of fo r ou r a more worthy habitation Lord . There was a super flu ou s d of n or abun ance wood , were joyous hearts and willing hands wantin g t o hasten the completion of this

— e primitive temple , but there was a deterr nt absence of

T e n nails . hey w re an expe sive commodity in those n d A l l e h a n i es so a . days , doubly in the wild primeval g But this did n o t balk the enth u si asi m Of o u r fervid Cath

f e o . On e o oli s their numb r, Henry Kuhn , took his horse

- a e th e and saddle bags , and came e st ov r mountains to

s u fli c i en t t o e N o raise funds purchas nails . doubt could

Ol d o f o ne the list contributors be discovered , more than i o n i t —fo r Carl sle name would be found , Carlisle was then th e c omm er i c al emporium west o f Philadelphia and

Lancaster, and actually had a brick Catholic Church

e e d a marv l in thos ays . 1 8 1 0 th e a s w . In , first church proper built A log strue o f u e — o f 0 ture co rse , with the cath dral like pro portions 4 f . o ! 2 7 feet It had the luxury a pine floor, but still e e remain d unplast red . ’ From S portsman s Hall Father H e lbr o n made those 1 2 7 astonishing and lengt hy excursions which would seem to us improbable , if not impossible , did we not know that he m was an expert horseman , and did not his il—itary nicety ever vi si t . O 1 80 h e of detail , record y, In ctober, 3 visited “ all stations beyond the Alleghany and Monongahela . ff nd . On Oct . 2 2 , he was in Bu alo N Y . and records

- da e no l ess than thirty eight baptisms in one y. In S p

1 80 e ff - tember , 5 , he again visit d Bu alo and forty one i n R 6th baptisms find an entry the egisters , for the 2 ,

8th oth . 26th 1 8 1 2 2 , and 3 of that month April , we again find h i m there baptizing fifteen persons on the same ” day . In the same year (1 80 5) he visited five counties bap ti z i n g ninety children , and even then , writing from Pitts R burg , he said he would visit Washington , oundstone, and York R iver before he returned H l br n . e o During all this time Dr , as he was familiarly called was on the most intimate and brotherly terms with

Father Gallitzin , his neighbor . Their mutual inter of change visits was frequent , and at times prolonged into

days and weeks . We can readily imagine the intercourse y of these hol souls , their minds fired with zeal , their hearts

aglow with love of God and man , their every action a

mute but prayerful adoration of the Providence of God , which had sent them into these uninhabitable surround

S ea i e o A r ch bi sh o Ca r r ol l 1 h , L f f p , p . 45 . 1 2 8 ings as embassadors of His Word and dispensers of His

e e t h e t of e wh o mysteri s . Lik Fa hers the Des rt , only

e e e h e brok their perp tual silenc , w n issuing from their

t o i to t th e solitude pay occasional v sits each o her , moments of h e t o th e o f whic wer consecrated discourse holy things ,

e e so e animating each oth r with intensifi d ardor , th se patri archs o fo u r holy Fa ith sought each other to find solace in

b t e e their tri ulation , counsel in h ir p rplexities , mutual inspiration in their discouragements . This was done n ot s o h e n e for e muc as an inc tiv m ntal diversion , as t o e e o f e e ext nd the scop th ir us fulness , increase the

f h e od o e e t G . ardor th ir zeal , and promot glory Of

Such visits could only accentuate their holy mission , e ff t o and redouble th ir e orts , reclaim and preserve the t f t widely scat ered flock o Chris entrusted t o their care .

e e His advanced age , d bilitated body , and abov all the —a o n e e fatal malady tumor his neck , which onc b fore ’ fe e n o w baffled the surgeon s kni , w re giving unmistakable indication s that h e could n o t enjoy a much more extended

o f f e n or lease li e . He never r ceived , for that matter

e e o r e s u acc pt d exp cted a alary , but s pported his frugal t m to th e wan s fro a small patrimony attached parish , and the profits accruing from its farm . His patrimony had

e undergone an ominous shrinkage , his exp riments as a e t o —th e farmer were d stined lamentable failure , malig

e n u d nant tumor was thr ateni g a fatal iss e . In this ire ex t r emi t e t y, his congregation raised a handsom subscrip ion

1 30

H el br u ne e n of I , Peter b i g sound and disposing mind

o t for e and memory , blessed be g the sam , and being duly sensibl e ofthe short continuance ofthis mortal life do make this my last will and testament in manner and form follow ing to wit : I give and de vice all my estate real a n d pe rsonal o f t o t o unto Mary Hagan , wife Thomas Hagan hold her heirs and assigns (in trust) for the u s e of the Catholic Church in the Borough (of Ca r l i s l e)* for ever after first deducting all expenses that she may be at in attending me in my last illness and the expenses Of my funeral : the money owing me from my estate to be applied to the said Church in such a way as th e trustees o f said Church

shall think proper, and do hereby nominate consti tute and appoint Thomas Hagan o f the borough of Car lisl e to be sole executor o f this my last said will and testament Interlineations made before signing Signed sealed and proclaimed t o be the said will and testament His H el br on of Peter , this day of 2 2 nd April 1 8 1 6 Mark in the presence of

John A . Black ,

W . Ramsey

W ds i n I a l i s er e i n l i or t c w te r ne d . o f ol d He was buried in the immediate rear the church , 1 8 2 and when the annex was built in 3 , it covered both it N O and other graves which surrounded it . tombstone

e marked his last resting plac , and the spot that contained his remains , was left undisturbed when the present church 1 was built in 893 . The spot is immediately opposite the

S t . . statue of Patrick , under the communion railing Though a man of scrupulous nicety and punctilious o f o f method in the discharge his priestly duties , the result thorough ecclesiastical training , as much as an outgrowth of e ff his military care r, in financial a airs , as well as farm ing he displayed an inaptitude and simplicity that would be droll , were in not that it caused him much anxiety in life , and resulted in litigation after his death . He seemed to lack all powers of adaptability to conform to the customs

e and languag of his adopted country . European methods s especially tho e in vogue in thrifty and frugal Germany , were utterly impracticable in this country with its u n broken forests and virgin soil . His ignorance of the

or n o English language , which he took little pains to a acquire , lead him to many misunderst ndings , and involved him in unpleasant collisions with those with whom he had commercial transactions . A giant in the service of God

Of T he was a child in the business activities life . his was s a e c c en especially conspicuous in the singular, not to y tric manner in which he managed his farm . An inventory of his estate at th e time of his death shows that he had no 1 3 2

e e o f e less than five hors s , seven h ad cattle , besides a larg

of . h e number sheep , hogs and calves All told , had thirty animals that n o t only n eeded feed and stabling and care in

e e th e e wint r, but which even und r most favorabl circum

e be o n n o t to stanc s would a drain his cash account , allude

t o e e e h e to the inadequat , ven expensiv shifts was reduced

e T h e e . k ep them aliv consequence was , that frequent and protracted absences from home obliged him t o trust to th e

e o f e th e o n e e capacity and int grity oth rs , which in cas

a e th e e e e was mispl c d , and in oth r rep atedly abus d , and

n e n o t aturally debts w re incurred which he could pay . An inventory o f his estate reveals the fact that it was appraised at o f this h e carried on his

person at th e time Of his death . Claims came from all

do e . On e directions , as they invariably in such cas s ’ H r o n e . e O a a of a note endors d by Gen Jam s , Pittsburg , amounted t o The balance found by the Orp hans Court for distribution amounted to but This

th e e was handed to xecutor Thomas Hagan . What dis

o f b e position was made this balance cannot ascertained , although the writer re calls reading som ewhere that Father Dw en in a l e tter to Bishop Conwell claimed that it was

th e appropriated as testator directed . Of this there can be

n o e o f doubt, since both Hagan and his wif were persons

e sturdy honesty , and most zealous Catholics besid s .

er li a s be The final disposition of the legacy , can p p

a for T r ccounted by a purchase homas Hagan made , a yea

1 34

R I ! CHAPT E .

R V. . I R E N R . E GEORGE D HOGAN , F ST R SIDE T PASTO

T H E ! R V . I I S c H I s E POSURE OF E W LL AM HOGAN , THE — R R B MATIC . INTERESTING CO ESPONDE NCE E TWEEN FATHE R HOGAN AND B I SHOP CON — E . R E S W LL ISAAC B OWN PARKER , Q , D — R S E N s ON AN AFFIDAVIT . FATHE

HOGAN AND CHI E F JUSTICE GIBSON .

a o f The increasing Catholic population , the form tion

e h of new settlements , the d art priests and the growing i nfir mi ti es Of those engaged in the vast and laborious

t o s ee e ffi e field , made it paramount that capabl , e ci nt and zealous men would come forward to step into the depleted r ranks . The dire need of p iests , both German and Eng

- e e lish speaking , grew daily mor appar nt , and only became more accentuated in View o f the stream o f immigration

e e e pouring its thousands on our shor s . Appeals wer mad

e to to Ireland and Germany , and were respond d most

- sa c r i fic i n o f m e n wh o readily by a self g body , were fully impressed with the magnitude of th e task that confronted

e them , but had barely an id a of the hardships and priva

tions that would have t o be endured . The conseque nce was that many a brave heart sank and fiery zeal dam — pened when the extreme poverty, the small numerical

strength , the vast distances separating the missions , the

heterogeneous nationalities constituting the parishes , the 1 3 5 — repellant attitude of sectarian bigotry were viewed for — the first time face to face and the abstract idea becam e a a T h e stunning re lity . Jesuits , inured to a life of depriva — tion and poverty bore the ordeal heroically , even cheer — fully but many of th e secular priests unconsciously o e rec il d from a work , which they had not unreasonably concluded would shorten their lives and perhaps be pro d i u c t ve o f little appreciable good in the end . Unfortunately the N e w World had already become an

f r th e asylum not only o oppressed , but for many who had th e choice betwe en solitary c o nfinm ent in some reforma

o r bec o m tory institution , precipitate flight to America , of ing a burden t o society in some workhouse or el eem osy

or e nary asylum , s arching for pastures new in this country o f the broadest liberty . Many availed themselves of the

e e latter alternative . Among the ccl siastical recusants who cam e to the new country there were found priests who at

e of times had been qu stionable ornaments their profession ,

wh o th e u and , having exhausted patience of their spirit al

superiors and being at the end of their canonical tethers ,

sought this new country , not so much for rehabilita ting their smirched character or atoning for their flagrant conduct as to have a n ew license and a more inviting field

r . to ply their avocation of scandal , greed , shame , and disg ace l This , to the inca culable detriment of religion , the irre parable scandal to non - Catholics and the irremediable

ruin of souls . America became not only the dumping 1 36

o f o f ground undesirable immigrants , but the refuge dis f a flec ted e . o and recalcitrant pri sts One these , and prob bably the most mischievous and abandoned that America

e e e t e th e had as yet se n , whos malign influenc re ard d n for work of the Church in Pen sylvania , more than

e o f e e tw nty years , at a stage her xist nce when a lasting a n d schism seemed both imminent possible , was a man whose name is alway inse parably conn e cted with that of

e e the first resident pastor , (resident pastor in a m asur , as

o f we shall see) Carlisle . ’ e f t A new era b gins in the history o S . Patrick s Congre h a ti on e o f t e R ev . g with the adv nt George Denis Hogan , e who was lit rally its first resident pastor , usually dividing

e e e his time betwe n York and Carlisl , with Con wago as

be e fo r n o f headquarters , if the term may us d , the wa t a

b etter . Formerly th e missionaries from Conewago atte nded all

e t o e e the church s that were attached it , by a pr ced nt

o r sanctioned by custom ecclesiastical authority , we are N e unable to state . o w th y seem t o have been apportioned o fl, and allotte d t o th e pastoral care Of duly appointed

r . to e p iests The method had much comm nd in it . It

e e o f e r liev d the priest fatiguing journ ys , brought him more

h i s n o t o e e in touch with co gregati n , study , feel and r li ve

t o a nd their necessities , attend their spiritual wants , per m i tted a more concentrated eflo r t in worki ng for the ma

e r i al of e t prosperity both church and p ople .

1 3 8

e a n d o f e a e mind , a r ady copious command unimp ach bl

E l a nd d e m e ng ish a stur y faith . Of a vacillating t mpera nt ,

e t h e o u t e disappoint d in prospects held , physically unabl to

e th e o f e p rform arduous work the mission , and abov all the impen ding e cclesi astical cata clysm eventu ally caused by his namesake o f unsavory reputation and inglorious m e m e t o e to ol d . mory , ade him y arn r turn his home Upon re peated application he received his dismissory

e exea t t o e n t o n at T l tter ( ) r tur his ive land . his he did in s e n s h two o n th e July , rvi g les t an years American i miss ons . In Carlisl e h e i s m ainly recalled by th e incide nts o f h i s arrest by o n e o f his parishioners for an unpaid boardin g — — bill which is narrated more circumstantially later and by th e fact that h e usually spent two weeks at Carlisle

e e and York alternat ly , thus b coming more intimately e acquainted with his parishioners , and l aving a proportion

e e e at ly bett r impr ssion o n th eir lives and faith . He however entered into historic prominen ce by his e x é h t f R e e o v . pos Of the lif and abi s his cousin , William

e e Hogan , whose malodorous reputation , scandalous car r

e e and calamitous r b llion , caused the first and most disas trous schism the Church eve r experienced in this country . ” R e n o f d a n te c e v . William Hoga was a priest sha y — e e h e to n o d nts b fore came this country , and doubt his

’ A i r h e di e d i n P a r i s t h s a m e a r c c o r di n g t o Bi s h op Ne wm a n s D o ) , e e y ;

P a r i s I 3 9 c onduct and history was such that he considered his career virtually at an end , as far as Ireland was concerned .

O n h i s e h e to e arrival h re , received faculties exercis

n t o be e priestly fu ctions in Albany , and n ar his kins m n N o t a t o . , sought admission the Philadelphia diocese having prop er letters o f dismissal (ex ea t) h e was a d m i tte d a dmi ni s conditionally by Father De Barth , the

th e trator. About same time Bishop Conwell was con s ec r a ted of bishop , and took possession his new see

2 1 8 20 . December ,

T h e o f R t o c nduct o e v . William Hogan was such as d n e n o t r e ema d eccl siastical censure , which was only

e e e o f i n di sented by him , but called forth a p rf ct temp st g

o u o f th e n i n nation the part parishioners , fa ned by the ’ c endi a f f r e o o S t . y harangu s the temporary pastor Mary s , which he claimed t o possess by canonical right . The ff whole a air is discussed more fully in the next chapter, b u t it is broached h ere to introduce some letters exchanged b the etween litigant parties , in which Father George

of e th e Hogan , while pastor Carlisl , did yeoman work in c o f e ause truth , and unveiled the masqu rading hypocrisy

r e o f and pe j ur d villainy his cousin , in a manner that should

e e e have prov d fatal to all his pret nsions . Ev ntually they

o f e d set the seal fals hood , and bran ed as a blasphemous o f apostate a man who like all his stripe , run their mete

o r i c course in the briefe st space o f time . In leaving th e C th e o f o f s hurch , anticipated secession Catholics cour e 1 40 fail ed to take place in marrying consecutively two ’ o w n h widows , he took God s punishments into his ands ,

o f e and in dying a death d spair , he but followed the foot

o f e steps his precursor in the Apostolic college , whos t o memory is held up eternal execration .

Bishop Conwell was n o t th e most approachable o f men . o f no t His assumption prerogatives , entirely Of an eccle si as ti c a l n nature , readily and revere tly accorded in Cath

e olic countries , was looked upon somewhat askanc in this e o f r e democratic atmosph re liberty and equality . His

e e e s rve and coldn ss and unsympathetic demeanor, mor than of or i f the exercise arbitrary dictatorial authority , chilled

e a fl c i n f m it did not alienat the e t o s o so e o fhis priests . At

a time when Catholicity was in its mere formative state , a punctilious observance o f all th e straitlaced proprieties

e e o f could asily have been disp nsed with , and the exercise

o f e a d the amenities a more fraternal nature , be n most

o l e t e va nta ge u s y cultivat d . However his was mor the

o f - t o result trans Atlantic training , than a desire be asser

r tive ofhis dignity o authority .

n e e In the followi g l tter, writt n whilst pastor at Carlisle ,

l e e as in fact all the fol owing letters wer , Fath r G . Hogan

i n e e takes the initiat ve in maki g a seri s Of disclosur s , that speedily and summarily brush away all Of William Hogan ’s

t o pretensions piety and learning , and would have sounded

e o f t n o t the death kn ll his shortlived populari y , had the o f th e obstinacy church Trustees , under the glamor and

1 4 2

e e i som beneficial consequ ences . But aft r much anx ous

a reflection and consult tion , I feel it still my painful duty

° t o advise with you r l o r dsh i p concerning the line o f c o n t e e t o . duct I am o pursu relativ Mr . Hogan Your lord

m a e e t o o u e ship y r collect that I mention d y , I perceiv d e t o f e last summ r , cer ain indications in him xceptionable n e conduct as a clergyma . But my suspicions have be n fully

e e e r alized, when last in Philad lphia , by an xplicit avowal of e e his s ntiments . W ithout entering into a further d tail for Me r es e n i e to n p , they are such as entitl me pronou ce

e him unworthy of c o n fiden e a s a Cath ol ic priest . Of th se

e a m t h e e o . Con se facts , however, I b lieve I sol deposit ry ’ qu ently they can be brought t o bear upon your lordship s e ‘ proc edings only as ex p os t fa ez o proofs against him . It n ow t o be m n e e remains deter i ed by your lordship , wh th r

a l l o r a e o e o n at , in wh t mann r , a discl sur my part would

e e o f a fo r on s rve the caus religion . We h ve lived years

e a r e terms Of the strictest intimacy . His fri nds aware that n ow Debar th I am in the same house with Mr . , whose

e e hasty proceedings I b efore cen sured with som asp rity . e H e . . App aring in th se circumstances against Mr , they will reproach me with ingratitude , with inconsistency , h w e . o perhaps also with interest d Views S uch obloquy ,

e d e e t o ev r, I disregar , only inasmuch as it may s m give

to e some colour th ir calumny , and render my depositions

. o f fruitless But if your lordship be a contrary opinion , e the only qu stion that remains , is , in what manner am I 1 4 3

to to proceed If I direct a public letter Philadelphia , I will be deprived of the opportunity and advantage of a timely reply , which probably may be requisite . Besides , I z will be stigmati ed as a mere tool , worked upon by Mr .

t o . D . B . If I were threaten Mr H . with my intentions , this intimation may enable him before the public to defeat the success of my endeavors . Now , my lord , it strikes me, that if I were to be confronted with two or three of his leading friends , and that we be sworn to secrecy , my depositions would prevail with them either to abandon him , or be guided by prudent measures but if your lord i n ship views the matter some other light , I am prepared to resign my conduct relative to this melancholy business , totally to your direction . I feel I am placed in a very t trying predicament , o herwise I would not presume to obtrude any of the above suggestions upon your lord ’ ship s consideration . It requ ires very little research to foresee the jealousies and angry feelings my conduct is i n likely to occasion our families at home, whilst the Ol d unthinking and malicious in the and new world , will show me little mercy . But I confidently hope that the Lord whom I fear, will assist and protect me . I still entertain friendly and charitable feelings towards Mr. H . w But my solemn duty to God , will al ays predominate over private considerations . I have now only to add , that if your lordship pleases , you may (under the veil of strict secrecy) show this letter to Mr . Cummisky 1 44

Y o u n o w to on e have only speak , and rely the r ady compli ’ a e e nc Of your lordship s submissiv subject ,

n d . S e . [ i g ] G D HOGAN ,

e . N ar Abbottstown , Adams County , Pennsylvania — to . S . P Perhaps it may be necessary mention , Debor th that Mr . is not at all concerned in this busi ness . T h e an t o following is answer the above letter , by the

R ev . e Right Bishop Connell , which many conjectur d

e might hav held ou t an inducement to the R ev . G . D . t o Hogan , make a subsequent disclosure .

I 2 1 8 2 1 . PHILADELPH A , January 7 ,

R V. R S I R E DEA , o f 0 th t Yours the 2 only came o hand this day . Your immediate compliance with my desire that yo u should to th e o f return Conewago , confirmed good opinion I had yo u before I saw yo u for I was previously led to believe by o f o u e the relation others , that y were und r the influence

o f of God e conscience , and had the fear in your h art , and nothing accordingly could induce me to signify the o so wish I had , that you should g back suddenly , except o u t o the circumstances which y knew the clergy be in here ,

for w t o o u for e other ise , I was disposed retain y a whil at

h e R t ev. . least, after conferring and consulting with Mr

e o u fo r e Barth . Consid ring that y were ordained the dioces

e o f Philadelphia , and ntertaining the above opinion , I

n o to o u thought it by means advisable part with y , when

1 46

d 1 8 2 1 . CONEWAGO , 2 February ,

MY LORD , I feel u na fle c tedl y grat eful t o your lords hip for c o n descending to honour me with your complimentary a n d friendly letter , and connecting your authority with its

e divine source , shall always feel it my sacr d duty to ’ to e T endeavour me t your lordship s approbation . hough your lordship has charitably overlooked my indiscreet

n o e on behaviour in Philadelphia , it is less imp rative

e a me to mak what atonement lies in my power. I p p r oa c h ed Philadelphia with a heavy h eart from various

e u n causes ; whilst subsequent appr hension , (perhaps warrantably indulged) aggravated my feelings and dictate d for no w certain irritable language , which I in the most ’ unqualified manner solicit your lordship s indulgent fo r

i veness . g After this digression prescribed by duty, I ’ shall now cheerfully comp ly with your lordship s wishes in the following communication

m e e t o to . Thinking unwilling go Philad lphia , Mr

e t o t o e Hogan wrot me , meet him in Lancast r, which I

e h e accordingly did . Awar that I was under t impression of e bad treatment , he imagin d that a fair opportunity offered of warping my religious principl e s ; with this View ‘ he ve ry artfully proposed to me t o accompany him to of o e r e Bishop Hobart New Y rk , who would v ry eagerly

ei e c v us into his service , and that in a few years we might ” e to n for be abl lay by a comfortable provisio life . At 1 47

the very mention of such a diabolical proposal , I got quite d confoun ed , which of course interrupted the conversation . o But after s me interval , he again urged it with the most crafty ingenuity. I only answered him by insisting to ‘ hear no more about it ; he then asked me if he went to ’ Hobart would I then Visit him ; I replied not ; he then ‘ ’ inquired would I speak to him , to which I replied , I ‘ might if I met him accidentally . He then observed , I

was like all young priests , pious for the first two years , but h e o n e that never met , who retained any faith , and that he ’ never knew an honest man among them but one , men ti oni n fox g his name , who by the bye was as vapid a as e of hims lf. This antichristian calumny course I repro i n e t bated his presence . All this I intend d o communicate to your lordsh ip when I arrived in Philadelphia ; on our ’ way he remarked , that he wanted sadly to procure Luther s T works . hough I had very little doubts of what he was

upon , particularly after reading only a few pages of his

pamphlet, yet to be fully satisfied , I asked him , did he since his suspension say regularly his office : to which he

replied not, even for some time before , and that he never a would In the st ge , some Protestants from Carlisle, male as as well female , traveled with us , who frequently heard ou r me expatiate on the sanctified life of clergy in general . e w as But his conduct in their presenc so gross , and so dis

e n n edifying, that I was fr que tly obliged to ha g down my

e head in confusion . Wh n your lordship refused to speak 1 48

onfi to me in private , I imagined then it was for want of c

me o e dence , which naturally mortified s rely ; I cam back to him and asked would he accompany me to Ireland , if I

exea t . obta ined my , he replied he would This I did with a view to prevent him from apost asy considering that if s he went there, the persuasion Of friends and remor e , might convert him . I however assured him , unless he disavowed o f o n all notions apostasy, I would abandon him , and lie

n : n ot s my ow oars he then said he was seriou , in alluding ‘ e to the apostasy alone , but in some tim after declared he offic i a te would not as priest , he said he would (knowing me n ot to have passage money) b ear m y expenses t o any ’

to o t o . diocese in the world , I chose g I have stated matters in order and even verbally as they occurred , that your lord ship may judge whether I was warranted i n deemin g him of unworthy confidence as a Catholic priest any longer, or is there any reliance to be placed o n his declaration in the n t o . Fo r circumstances I mention , that he was serious my part , I solemnly declare , that I think it was expressed solely with the design to moderate my evident horror o f the act , and I would be qualified to depose that I believe he is n o t tinctured with o ne remaining ray of Catholic ff faith . I di er in opinion in this , as well as in many other things , with Mr . Hannan , that he could prevent the pub

i o n . l i c a t Of the pamphlet , had he arrived in due time I am firmly persuaded (still I may be in error) that it was designed as a desperat e resource of conscious guilt in this

1 50 ati n l o f g y extensive , and the primitive mode travel too t irksome o warrant his continuing in this field , unless it would prove highly detrimental t o his health and thus n o t e impair his future usefulness , if ch ck his career t o entirely . By confining his work the Carlisle and York

to th e o f e parishes alone , exclusion the small r missions , physical recuperation o n his part would go hand in hand h v two wit the spiritual ad ancement of the parishes , and , f to there ore , he sent the following appeal his Bishop

2 0th 1 8 2 1 . CONEWAGO, February , Content to submit t o some occasional m or ti fic ati on s

e her , rather than perplex your lordship in the administra tion of your diocese , is the best p roof I can give that I am I n o t e . S actuated by a v xatious spirit ince was ordained , I h ave attend ed these congregations nearly thirty miles

. n ow asunder without a murmur I find , that consistent

e n o e e t o with my h alth I am long r qual its pressure, and therefore beg o f your lordship in th e most respectful

e t o e urgent mann r, exempt me from attending Littl York

e t o e in future . I am perf ctly satisfied attend Carlisl twice e S a month . By r maining in Carlisle from aturday until

e n o t e Monday we k , the ride will distress me, besid s I will have an opportunity o f forming them t o habits ofpiety in

e e e the interim , which could scarc be xpect d , if I were only

t wo or V . t o be among them as before , three days a isit Last week I received the following note from

Mr . H 1 5 1

1 1 th 1 8 2 1 . PHILADELPHIA , February ,

My Dear George , w n Doctor Con ell is handi g about a letter from you , in w i t hich you mention (as he expressed , ) that I intended to ’ r join Bishop Hobart . I don t believe you have w itten such a letter, as it would be false , or you misunderstood me .

Perhaps I might have said , that my persecutions might

t o r e almost drive any man to desperation . Write me by Of S turn post , a letter which I can how the public, saying , that I only said that my persecutions would drive any man to desperation . I thought you were the last to injure me .

You know well if I wished to join Hobart , or any other

Protestant bishop , I might have done it long since , but I

m lz onou r a . sh ll not sacrifice my faith nor y Are you too , one of my persecutors Let me know your answer by r e f O . turn post, and let it be what it ought to be “ ” WILLIAM HOGAN .

After due deliberation , I answered him in the follow ing manner

I only received yesterday , your strange call upon me

ou . to retract what I mentioned to Dr . Conwell about y I merely stated what literally occurred between us in Lan

o u caster and afterwards , to justify me in believing y were no l onger impressed with the principles and sentiments of

. n o a Catholic priest If I be mistaken , event ever occurred ff that will a ord me greater satisfaction , neither will I have any hesitation in retracting (only as to h i s future conduct) 1 5 2

sk onld l i ci s be ma de my opinion even before the public , ‘ ’ cer ta i n nod scr i s i scr i si on e , until then g p p . It appears of your friends has mentioned that he could prevent th e pub l i c a ti o n of your pamphlet , had he arrived in due time, by threatening to disclose some o f your misconduct in Ire

. T land his I denied in my letter to Dr . C . as far as I knew, neither need you be afraid that I will ever reveal what of r v passed between us in the moment unrese ed confidence , n t e (nothing regarding his character). In writi g hat lett r, e n o my object was to r form you , and matter who may blame

e of me , I shall always f el the consolation discharging a

an d . conscientious duty , both as a Christian a friend With the most sincere sympathy for your present unhappy situa ’ &c . & c . tion , I am , , “ OE Before I sent the letter, I consulted a discreet a d friend , and kept a copy , lest he might take an unfair o f vantage the words I used . Your lordship can easily

e m perceive my motive in r plying at all , and in the anner probably if I had seen his second pamphlet I would not

e notice his l tter, which is the last I shall ever acknowledge , ! unless a sincere conversion ensues . But (alas ) this I never expect, unless the Lord interposes in a very i nfini tu de extraordinary manner . In the of his charity , l may he avert the consequences to religion , which sha l ’ be the fervent prayer o f your lordship s ob edient sub ec t j ,

i ne . [S g d ] G . D . HOGAN

1 54 ing over dates and subsequent occurrences) you have endeavoure d t o pervert t o the abhorren ce o f “ i n . [S g ed ] G . D . HOGAN

J . A . Esq .

8th e 1 8 2 1 . LANCASTER , 2 F bruary ,

fi h e R e n o w ve a o t v. About years g , William Hogan , in R e e . . Philadelphia , was susp nd d by Doctor Tuohy , C o f few d e Bishop Limerick . In a ays after, he wrot a note f L t o . t o Dr Warbur on , the Episcopalian Bishop imerick , acquainting him that h e wanted t o s ee him upon co r ti c

bu s i n es s e n u l a r . Befor he sent him this ote , I happened to

for e e t o see it , and asked him what purpos he want d see h e e to e e t Doctor W . He replied int nded b com a Pro est

e ant clergyman , and that he called in person b fore upon t h e n o . Doctor W . but that was then at home I kept the

a t o . . bove note , and gave it my cousin Dr P Hogan , V . G . , o f di oc ess o f e wh o e s the Lim rick , I b lieve holds it till in R . ev . . e possession The P Hogan , and another cl rgyman , for d kept a strict watch upon him about three ays , lest he

e t o . might apostatize , until I w nt Dr Tuohy , upon his

to . visitation , have the suspension removed In about six

R ev . . weeks after, the W Hogan had some misunderstand R i n ev . . g with the P Hogan , with whom he lived as coad u tor e o f di fler en c e R ev j ; and in cons quence this , the . W . t o a l i Hogan mentioned me , that he would again make p p f cation t o Dr . Warburton or a living as Protestant minister f o . the result this threat was , that Dr Tuohy and Dr . P . 1 55

Hogan had to use extreme caution to prevent the R ev.

William Hogan from apostatizing then . “

81 0. & C . I am ,

S i n e . d . [ g ] G . D HOGAN

of R e One the . C . Clergym n at Conewago Church , ” Adams County, Pennsylvania .

s s Lancaster City , . “ R e The v . G . D . Hogan being duly sworn according to de oseth law , p and saith , that the foregoing as stated is cor r ec tl o f y true , to the best his knowledge and belief ; and n o t further saith .

i ne . [S g d ] G . D HOGAN . f 1 o 1 8 2 1 . Sworn and subscribed the st March , , before me “ ”

S i ned A lder ma n . [ g ] SAMUEL CARPENTER ,

R ev. P . S . In reading the third pamphlet of the

William Hogan , I see a reiteration of his aspersions on the

clergy of Philadelphia , maliciously derogating from their

reputation as men of talents . It may not be amiss to ’ apprise the public , that the learned gentleman s (William ’ ’ Hogan) almost mi r a cu l ou s course of theology did not exceed ten months ; and that the sermon on the Festival S of All aints , which he obtruded on them as his own pro M r R ev . c N a a a duction , was given him by the Justin m , of

Cork , with many other sermons . i ned S . . [ g ] G D H . Among the fellow- passengers alluded to in on e of the

foregoing letters was Isaac Brown Parker , Esq . , one of 56

’ Carlisle s most prominent and opulent citizens , who though a non- Catholic was always warmly identified with the interests of the Catholic Church . To strike up a casual

n ot acquaintance was unavoidable , if a necessity , when we take the mode oftravel customary in those days into con

. e sideratio—n Mr. Park r must have heard the heated dis c u ss i o n but since th e confidential part of it was discussed

n t - e e in Gaelic (Irish) and o intended for the fellow trav l rs , he may have bee n more Charmed by the en ph o ny of the language than interested in the burning questions dis cussed . William Hogan appealed t o him for a sworn state ment to rebut the evidence o fhis adversary and elicited the w follo ing reply . “ Cumberland County, e P nnsylvania . of Before the subscriber, one of the Judges the court of Common Pleas , in and for the county of Cumberland , n in the Commonwealth of Pen sylvania , personally came w Isaac Bro n Parker of the borough of Carlisle , Esq . who

w . being duly s orn , doth depose and say as follows to wit

o n 1 0 th o f That or about the day January last past , this deponent travelled in the public stage , from the city of

Lancaster to the city of Philadelphia, in company among e other passengers , with two gentlemen , whom this d po

R . nent subsequently learned , were the everend Messrs

B r i R l ' e e Cbc . i n th e os s essi on fth e mer a th . H i stor i ca l S oc i et . f p y p o A . C y

1 5 8 — his fellow- passengers and certainly at n o time during t o the journey did it occur this deponent , that any dis e or of pl asure was evinced , any remonstrance , by any the e o r of pass ngers , against the deportment conversation the

R e e said v rend gentleman . This deponent further states , ' * e to both entl em en in justic g , that their dep ortment and conversation was such as hi ghly became th eir sacred t o stations , and their bearings each other , marked with friendly attentions and mutual cordiality . “ ” i n e . [S g d ] I . B . PARKER

D . S w or n a nd s u bs cr i bed ti ze 1 l b da o M a r ch A . 7 y f , 1 82 1 be or e me , f , ” [S i gn ed ] JAMES ARMSTRONG .

’ n o f H o a n s a ett o r s a n d e h a m i s er r at i c c o n du c t i t O e g b , o n w o c h pi one d h w h l i ll n d e ffec t i v n e s ’ l H i s a m h l et i de r a e s a e s s w a R ev T h dd M e al . c on s . a eu s . O b k , J y p p ” A n A ddr es s E x l a n at o r a n l o v r i n 8 1 c l o s el e n ti t l e d p y d Vi n di c a t o r P hi a . c e g y, y , ( , r i n t e a es o nl i de n e d t h e r e a c a l r e a d e xi st i n et een t h e i s o a n d h i s p d p g , y w b h y g b w B h p ' h e s s u s en de n t M a s a t er h i s o r a m i at e a t . r fl oc . c u s e w a d er si s ti n t o o c S k Of p d , p g y f

h ti o w as e xc o m u n i c a t e d H e e n t t R o m e t o l e a d h i s c a u s e i n er so n . i n i bi n m . w o p p R o m e o i n t ed ou t th e er r o r o f h i s s c a n da l o u s c on du c t a n d i ns i s t e d u o n a u l i c p , p p b i n t o b e s i n d b h i m a n d l i H e m a de h i s s u bm i s r ec a n ta t o g e y p u b s h e d i n thi s c ou n tr y . s i o n a n d di d a l l h e c o u l d t o a e a m en ds a n d a t o n e fo r h i s di s o b edi en c e a n d r e el l i o n , m k b a n d s en t o n th e fol l o wi n g r eca nt a t i o n wh i c h r ea c h ed Bi s h o p Co n wel l a t Ca r l i s l e 1‘ on s i a l i s i a i on h W n t i t i t r u n s as on e o fh i e s c o v t t s er e e h a d i t u l i s e d . e r e r i p p , wh p b h p ; fol l ows ” D C L R T N E A A IO .

I th e u n der s i n e d T a deu s o s e 0 Me a l l r i e s t o f t h e di oc es s o f L i er i c . g , h d J ph y , p m k i n I r el a n r es i di n fo r s o m e t i m e a st i n P i l a d el i a o r t A m e r i c a u n de r s ta n di n d , g p h ph , N h , g th e er ver s i t o fm c on du c t b o i n i n t o s u o r t t h e s c i s m at i c a l fa c ti o n o fc er t ai n p y y , y j g pp h ’ r u s t e e s o fS t ma r s u r c th e c a t e dr a l o f t a t c i t i n u s u r i n th e r er o a ti ves t y Ch h , h h y , p g p g ’ o fa a s t or o fs a i d c u r c i n de fia n c e o f th e i s h o s an a t e t o t h e c o nt r ar t o th e p h h , b p m d y, r e at s c a n a l o ft h e su r r o u n i n nat i on s e s e ci al l t o t a t o f A er i c a a n d s i nc er e g d d g , p y h m , ly

’ Dr n l an d s W or k ec ti o n 2 2 0 1 . E g , S 8 , p . 1 , I S9

T th e his , as far as Carlisle is concerned , ends career of

Father George Hogan . His last entry in the Church R h 1 n t 8 2 2 . ecords is dated July 7 , Accordi g to the per s eu ma nn onal memorandum kept by Bishop N , he secured exea l his , left for France , and died in Paris the same year .

As for William Hogan and the schism he inaugurated , we shall encounter its malign and deadly work in the next c hapter .

AN EPISODE .

C FATHER HOGAN AND HIEF JUSTICE GIBSON .

n . It was duri g the pastorate of Father Hogan , that an episode occurred treasured up by tradition with mingled e —a n fe lings of indignation and admiration , instance of

a e nti n m i s c on u c t o n th at o c c as i on a nd t r u l en i t en t for th e sc a n al l m g y m d , y p d o r i n a t i n fr o t a t s o u r c e I a m n ow a n xi o u s t o r e a i r th e e vi l s I ave c o i tte g g m h , p h mm d , a s m u c h a s l i es i n m y p o we r ; fo r wh i c h p u r pos e I n ow pu bl i c l y pr o fes s a n d pr ocla i m t o th e o r l t h a t I h a ve r e n o u n c e d fo r e ve r t h e s ai fa c ti on a n d th ei r s c i s ati ca l w d , d , h m r o c eedi n s a n d t h a t I h a ve ab i c at ed a c c o r di n l t h e u s u r ed r i t of a s t or s i i n p g , d g y p gh p h p ’ Ma r s c o n o r m a l t o th e a o s t ol i c a l i n s t r u t i o n s c ont a i n e d i n th e br i f S t . y , f b y p c ef o H i s H o li ne s s P o e P i u s th e S eve n t o fs a n c ti fie d m e or at e th e 2 t h o fA u u s t 1 82 2 , p h , m y , d d 4 g , , a n d i m l o r i n a r don a n d fo r i v en e s s r o t h e Mos t R eve r en ed Fa t e r i n G od H e n r p g p g f m h , y on el l i s o o f P i l a el i a for a l l th e t r a ns r es si on s i c h I h ave c o i tt e C w , B h p h d ph , g wh mm d a a i n s t h i s a u t h or i t e i n a t th e s a e t i e fr o m h i m or r o t h e H ol S e e t o b e g y, b gg g m m , f m y , a bs ol ved fr om th e m aj o r exc o m m u n i c ati o n whi c h t h e bi s ho p h a d i nfli c t e d on m e wi th r de r ee o f a s t i c e n h i ar t A n d I er e s ol em n l s ea r to a i de fo r ever e ve y g j o s p . h by y w b by t h e r o fes s i o n i ch I no w ak e a nd t a t I s h a l l n ever u on a n a c c o u nt ats o p wh m ; h , p y wh e ve r r et u r n a a i n i n t o th e di oc e s s o f P i l a el i a a n d t a t a er e t u a l on u ent , g h d ph h p p m m o ft h i s m s tea d as t r es ol u ti o n a n d u r o s e m a o r ever exi s t a n d be r e c o r de I h a ve , y f p p y f d, s u s c r i e m n am e t o th i s d ec l a r a ti o n a n xi ou s th a t i t be r i n t ed i n o r er t at th e b b d y , p , d h e of i t m a be i f u s n d v r l l u l i sh e to th e l k n o wl e dg y d f ed a u n i e s a y p b d wo r d . “ ’ S i n ed T H DD U S S P H O ME A L L Y [ g ] A E JO E .

m e 2 u l 1 8 2 . R o , 5 J y , 5 1 60

heartless brutality, on the one hand , and the most humane benevolence , on the other. The sequel is almost as strange as the occurrence itself.

It appears that Father Hogan , with the scant pecuniary assistance derived from his church revenue , was in such financial straits as to be unable t o defray the expenses of his boarding h ouse account . The two weeks he usually d spent in Carlisle , found him lo ged with a Mr . M . The hospitality which every Catholic would consider the

e e highest honor to exercis , it s ems was the occasion of f — h on o M. w o a most dastardly insult the part , , by the of n e way , was a man some consequential importa c in his — n own little world bei g a constable . His action gives the keynote t o the sincerity and stability of his faith . “ ’ It was a time when the debtor s a c t was in full —a of force relic savage barbarism , which was enforced o f with a pitiless inhumanity , the recollections which should make us hang our heads in shame and confusion . “ N 0 crime known to the l aw brought so many t o jails and o f prisons as the crime debt, and the class most likely to ” e d d get into d bt was the most efenceless and ependent . Father Hogan was n ot in a position to pay h i s l a w — account . Mr . M . had recourse to the , and , serving the ’ - to writ himself, was taking the poor priest a debtor s cell

t H i s t o th l o t n i t d t t l . Ma s er . e P eo e he U e S a es . Vo . 8 Fo r a f Mc . ul l , f p f p 9 - es c r i ti on o f t i s l a w i n for c e see th e s a e o r . P . 1 00. d p h , m w k p 99

1 6 2 tu i tou s coincidence that subsequently two of Chief Jus ’ — tice Gibson s children Mrs . Gen . R . H . Anderson and 1 of th e 0 . C George Gibson , became members

Church . The present beautiful marble High Altar 1 h o to C0 . w is a memorial to Gibson , , in addition an

honored and brilliant military career, led a most edify ing life and died a most consoling death . A most tasteful

of oflfic er s of tablet brass , a tribute from the his regiment ,

conspicuously placed in the church , attests the reverence

ff e and a ection th y bore him in life . Perhaps it was more than a pure accident again—that on for when Mr. M . his deathbed clamored a priest though the utmost expedition was exercised in despatch to ing messengers Chambersburg and York , duty had m so called the elsewhere , that he died without the conso

lation o f Holy Church .

R CHAPTE X .

FATHE R B WEN ASSUMES CHARGE OF T H E CON GR E GA T I ON A N D I T I F R A R CONTROLS S DEST NY O FIFTEEN YE S . H E BECOM E S VE R Y POPULAR A N D INFUSES N E W T H R I LIFE INTO E PA SH . TOUCHING OBIT U A R I E S FR OM T H E YORK A N D CA R

LISLE PAPERS .

’ Fathe r Hogan s sojourn was t o o brie f to leave more than a m e re pleasant recoll e ction on the part o f t h e Carlisle 1 63

h ad Catholics , of having the consolation of a resident pastor with all the graces and blessings that are inseparably con ’ n ec ted ofli c e with his holy , and on Father Hogan s part ,

perhaps, the not too agreeable impressions formed of a

country that to him was undemonstrative , inhospitable ,

- and ultra democratic . He evidently never reconciled i m ec u himself to the primitive mode of life , the chronic p ni osi t y, the constrained intercourse , which only increased the unenviable lot of physical hardship and privation that was the heritage of every priest entering upon the Amer n ica mission . His ministry, however, had the result of forming the scattered and disintegrating congregation into efli c i ent a more concrete and body , and of reclaiming many

for n who , strangers to sacramental grace years , and livi g in

an atmosphere impregnated with suspicion , if not hostility ad to the Church , had lapsed into a state of mere formal h er en c e — , the border land of apostasy . His successor , how a ever, was more plastic character, and adapted himself so readily and completely to the new life he was obliged to one lead , that his career proved a most fruitful , and even h i s after the lapse of more than h alf a century , memory is

held in reverence and benediction .

. B S h r owl on Rev Patrick Joseph wen was born at , Parish

1 . of Athy , County Kildare , Ireland , in 795 He made his

studies, both preparatory and theological , in Ireland , and

like Father Hogan , came here fully prepared to enter the

. 1 8 2 1 holy priesthood He came to this country in , and 1 64

1 . 8 2 after a short probation , early in 2 , was ordained to the o f priesthood by Bishop Conwell , being one the first e aspirants that he raised to that dignity . Immediat ly after his ordination , the departure of Father Hogan caus t ing a vacancy , he was appointed to succeed him as pas or

1 8 . o f . 0 2 2 Carlisle and York He came to Carlisle , July 2 ,

A better selection could hardly have been made . Phys i c all e y a man of athl tic build and vigorous constitution , full of youthful enthusiasm and unquenchable zeal , the arduous labors and wearisome j ourneyings o f the mi ss1 on a were a mere bag telle to him . Endowed with magnetic

e social qualities , always scrupulously xercised within the — limits of gentlemanly propriety , bubbling over with scin ti l l ati n e g Hibernian wit , which nev r overstepped the o f e borders priestly d corum , he was readily admitted to

Carlisle society , in which he was looked upon as both an

e . acquisition and an ornam nt Filled with a broad charity,

e which disarmed intolerance , silenced s ctarian asperities , o f —h e t gained the hearts all , became a potent fac or in creating a more intelligent comprehension of the Church

o f and broadening the lines Christian fellowship . His social i ntercourse without obtruding the spirit o f polemics — e th e n i m or controversy , soften d erroneous and u j ust th e pressions harbored in hearts of many , impressions which could not have been dislodged by any other medium . Without deviating one tittle from the allegiance he owed his Church , or sacrificing even a shadow of the dignity due

1 66

His domestic arrangements at that time were presided wh o over by his sister Anastasia , marrying James Kiernan , 2 2 e (July , was succeeded by a fac tious character wh o named Biddy Logue , following the matrimonial precedent established in th e modest ecclesiastical house

— th e f hold soon became wife o a Mr . Sommerville . Dwe n S erving Carlisle and York conjointly , Father

usually alternated between the two places , devoting two

weeks to each . The presence of an active priest , with attractive social qualities and no little eloquence as a

e e — preacher, soon mad its lf felt, and the little church was uncomfortably filled on the S undays he spe nt in of Carlisle , so that the necessity enlarging soon became I n 1 8 an imperative duty . 2 3 , as will be seen later, t o the attempted enlargement began , only end in

discord , disruption and litigation . By the rights vested th e o f in Trustees , by laws and customs those days , — Dw en e t o Father was pow rless act, though an inflexible determination and resolute purpose on his part to

a n —o f bring end to—the parochial broil , which more shall be heard , would have been highly conducive to the peace o f the congregation and the authority t o of the pastor . However, the annex the Church was 1 8 finally completed and dedicated in August , 25 , by R e v . Bishop Conwell , assisted by Bernard Keenan , D n P a . we Lancaster, , Father , and presumably some

of the Conewago fathers . 1 67

The social qualities of the new pastor, his intimate associations with the more intelligent portion of non

Catholics , had the result of forming a new clientage which was both a friend to the pastor and an aid to the Church .

' This was seen in 1 8 28 when Father Dwen took an active and successful part in forming the Catholic Association m ” of A erica in Carlisle, enlisting the lively sympathy

z and generous cooperation of its most prominent citi ens , who being almost all of Irish extraction , though not

Catholics , were equally impelled by motives of patriotism , to assist in wresting Catholic Emancipation from reluctant and tyrannous England . A separate chapter details this incident of local history . After this no incident worthy of note o c c u r ed in Carlisle T h e during his pastorate . congregation under his wise a d ministration and prudent foresight , became unified and zeal

ous . The rising generation for the first time received that methodic instruction in Catholic doctrine and practice , that could not fail to lay the foundation for its future permanency and stability and make it a worthy exponent of its higher life and more lofty spiritual aims . The absence of this

e e prop r initiation into Catholic teachings , whil it seemed

flec t to a the adult population to no appreciable extent , for with them the foundation of faith was l aid dee p and — ff strong , had a most disastrous e ect on the youthful por

tion of the small flock . Nor should we underestimate the potent influence exercised by Father Dwen on those at 1 68

variance with Catholic faith . His intellectual endow o f ments, his executive capacity , his force character, his singleness of purpose , his unselfish devotion to his arduous of work , left an impression that gained the admiration all , and reflected a most flattering light on the priesthood . With such a leader Catholicity could not fail t o gain the respect of even those whose church affiliation diverged

e e most wid ly from it , and at the same tim the heartiest

of d e recognition its grateful chil r n . 1 8 0 Dwen n About the year 3 , Father cha ged his resi n o dence to York . This was doubt rendered imperative by its increasing Catholic population and the more success ful strides it h ad made in industrial prosperity . But his attachment for Carlisle was ever strong and sincere . With

' a r e u l ar i t n o g y that knew interruption , and a zeal that showed no moderation , he paid his fortnightly visit to e o f w th e Carlisle ; the incl mency the eather , execrable o f o f i m condition the roads , the premonitory symptoms

e e n or paired h alth , could not ch ck his ardor cool his sense

. S of duty ick calls , especially , were responded to with a cheerful alacrity , though covering a territory of thirty or e ou t forty miles , and more than aught else point d the true o f of shepherd his flock . His management the York parish proved him to have been a man o f piety and tact. The congregation there had a strong contingent o f Ger or mans , and not being familiar with their language cus i t toms , is a matter of much surprise how he made the

1 70

ripe age . But with indomitable zeal there was found blended in his character a dogged obstinacy , which derided all fears and lent a deaf ear to all kind remonstrance . On d 1 8 8 o fli c i a ted for February 3 , 3 , he at Carlisle the last time — to and it was be the last time that he would ever see it . His condition was such that he was obliged to be relieved of of the work attending Carlisle, in the hopes that by t o confining his labors York alone , his recuperative powers , of which had sustained him through a career hardship ,

worry , and privation , would again assert themselves as

they had done often before . His hopes were delusive and

his illness was rapidly assuming a fatal termination , which th 1 8 8 finally came on February 7 , 3 .

The death was a sore blow to his people , whom he served with the most fatherly care a nd unswerving fidelity for m more than fifteen years . His any Virtues as a priest gained him the affectionate and enduring love of his flock his manliness of character and rare social traits commanded the esteem o f all whom he came in contact

. to es with His early death was a heavy loss the dioc e, at a time when more than ever there was a crying demand T o d . a for priestly ministration the present y, the name of Dwe n e o ne i n Father is still a hallow d memory , that var i a bly evokes with its recollection an affectionate eulogy on the

o f n on - on part Catholics , and a devout prayer that of his

old flock . ’ S t . P a He was buried under Patrick s Church , York , . , 1 7 1

where a neat, but modest tombstone perpetuates his mem ory in th e following inscription I N M EMO R IAM

R EV. PAT R I CI I J . OWEN PASTO R IST I U S CONGR EGAT I ON I S MI GR I D I I I AVT A V FEB. DOM N U M . A S ALUT I S ! ! ! I I I N NO M DCCC V .

l ETAT E S UA ! LI I I .

ER ECT ED BY T H E CON GR EGAT I ON .

R D n ev. . we s (In Memory of Patrick J , Pastor of thi n Co gregation , Who went to his eternal reward Feb . 7 , In

1 8 8 d . the Year of Grace 3 , In the 43 year of his age Erected

by the Congregation . ) The following obituary notice appeared i n the Y or k “ a z ette G In being called on to record the death of Rev . D n s Mr . w e a , , eulogy and panegyric seem superfluous , for,

the Pastor and Shepherd of his flock , his actions and deeds

of charity are not written upon sand , but stand engraven

upon the hearts of his parishioners . Fifteen years of his ecclesiastical life have been given to the people of his

Church in the County of York , and whether among the rich or poor he was ever to be found ministering to the e spiritual or temporal wants of his congr gation . Amia bi l i t y of deportment , polished manners , and perfect charity

of feeling , have ever marked him out as the friend of man , wh o as the companion of those assented to his faith , or

Fe r 2 8 8 r u a d 1 . b y 3 , 3 1 7 2 of those who may have differed from him in matters of religion . “ a l l Beloved and regretted by , he has passed from a o f world care and temptation and trial , and gone to that ‘ o f for wh o i n haven rest , prepared the righteous shall ’ of od herit the Kingdom G .

A still more touching tribute , couched in terms both

th e warm and eloquent , is following , which appeared in Ca r l i s l e A m er i ca n Vol u ntee r 2 1 8 8 the , March 9, 3 , from a o f Protestant source , and which voiced the sentiments non Catholics about a man whom they all l earned t o revere and love .

“ D N R . I W . THE LATE E V PATR CK J . E

MESSRS . EDITORS : I observe by the late papers that

this unobtrusive man , exemplary citizen and pious divine , ‘ ’ ‘ has paid the debt o f nature and been gathered to his ’ o f fathers , while in the meridian life and in the midst of F r ofli c i ated his usefulness . o the past fifteen years he as th e ' P a stor o f the Roman Catholic congregations o f York

and Carlisle, during which period he labored zealously and e fficiently to promote both the spiritual and temporal

e of e welfar the flocks committ d to his charge . While he ‘ pursued the even tenor of his way ’ in inculcating and o f enforcing the doctrines that church , in which he was e educat d and brought up , and impressing on his hearers the n ec e ssity of pursuing a strictly virtuous and religious

1 74

ff estimable right of su rage, always supporting those whom he believed to be the most meritorious and competent candidates for public favor . It will no doubt be gratifying to to his numerous friends here , as it certainly was to me , know that his remains were attended to th e silent tomb in

w Y or k Gaz ette the follo ing order, as given in the

T h e r Cle gy. — a r Body Bor ne by Eight C r r ie s .

- Mou r n er s a nd Pa ll B ear er s . u d r Ofli c er s o f th e Bor o gh an Str a nge s .

F ema les .

r z T h e Cong egation a nd Citi ens . The body arriving at the church was placed upon a form covered over with white linen and having on it twelve ofli n tap ers . During the celebration of the Mass the c remained open—the body was clothed with the dress of

the priesthood , with white vestments . Mass was celebrated

R . ev. by the Mr Maher, of Harrisburg, and the sermon

R e . v . and panegyric were delivered by the Mr Dougherty, R of Conewago . The discourse of ev . Mr . Dougherty drew

forth tears from every eye and sighs from every bosom .

The panegyric was short , but it told all that could be told o f Ofthe virtues and merits the deceased . He spoke elo f f D n o o . we quently the charities and kindness Mr , and of

his humble and Christian deportment throughout life . After the Mass and Gospel had b een read the priests went to the sacristy and laid aside their vestments and returned I 7S

to perform the last offices for the dead . The obsequies being OVer the body was deposited in a vault prepared for it at the entrance into the sanctuary . The ceremonies throughout were impressive and solemn . The number of persons present could not have been less than two thousand in and around the church ; ” [SIGNED ] FIAT JUSTITIA .

Mi ni mor i l u cr u m The words of the Apostle , for

e me to die is gain , would have made a most fitting pitaph R e D en for v. P . J . w .

R CHAPTE XI . — T H E G C M E FF CT HO A—N S HIS ITS DISASTROUS E ON THE C U C T H OGA N I T E S V Y H R H HE H—A E THEIR BILL PASSED B THE STATE LEGISLATURE GOV . HIESTER VETOES — I T THE CARLISLE CONGREGATION TAKES AN ACTIVE PART IN UPHOLDIN G L E GI T I — “ MA TE AUTHORITY THE RELIGIOUS ” QUESTION IN POLITICS . In a cursory way we touched upon the disorder and s candal caused by the usurpation of ecclesiastical author t ity on the part of the Trus ees of Trinity Church , Phila d H el br on elphia , in arbitrarily ousting Father and violating o all canonical laws by installing G etz in his place . The t temporary success , hen still a sad recollection in the 1 76

of o f memory living man , and the aftermath the soul — blighting c onfli c t for the scandal struck hard and deep sm o u l d was apparently dying out , but there remained the

- di saflec ti o n ering embers of the old timed , which only needed a crafty leader to make h i m a veritable firebrand in stirring the ol d rancor and animosity into a state o ffren zi ed l d f e fier c eness . o o It was the story lay pretension , bolst red by recalcitrant priests , autocratically dictatorial and blindly

e obstinat , arrayed against lawful ecclesiastical authority, of m t tenacious its prerogatives , unyielding in its ain enance of them , guarding its ancient immunities as a sacred trust n o t o f that could be tampered with . The brooding spirit contumacy, openly and publicly renouncing allegiance to the Church , and antagonizing her authority in the spiritual n f o t o n e w . domain , was the new product a country The battle had been waged and fought in every country a n h e e where Christianity sought asylum . S n ver issued m n or do fro the conflict with trailing colors , would she so n in this instance . Only blind fanaticism and overwee ing

e vanity thought otherwis . To the Catholic they were try ing and disheartening moments , but he knew the Church

h er would issue from the conflict unscathed , purified , and

e e p restige mor assured than befor . h e f R e t o ev . . It was at instance Georg D Hogan , whose

e R e care r we have just touched upon , that his cousin , v. e to e William Hogan , cam this country from Lim rick , Ire i n land . After settling New York (Albany) for a short

1 78 by the Carlisle congregation in upholding legitimate authority and vindicating the imperilled rights of the f H ni . o a tes Church Su fice it to state , however, that the g were daily drifting further and further from their Catholic t moorings , un il the line of demarcation between rampant heresy and loyal faith could no longer be distinguished . The attitude of these men against lawful authority was so so stubbornly belligerent, relentlessly acrimonious and

s so ruinously di astrous to faith and morals , that Bishop

e e s o f Conw ll was at last compelled , by she r tress circum stances , to formally and publicly excommunicate Hogan and his abettors . Undeterred , the Trustees took possession o f the church , drove away the Bishop , installed Hogan as i nde en pastor, and by this formal secession established an p N e w dent Catholic Church . York , Norfolk , and Charles t o n e , had in the m antime become tainted with these schis mati c al e tendenci s , always zealously propagated by the

redoubtable Trustee, until it seemed the contagion would of permeate the greater part the ecclesiastical body . Not e i n satisfied with this internecine strif , the courts were ok ed t o v and the legislature appealed , to sustain the schis

e o f n . 2 0 1 8 2 maties in th ir war disruptio On March , 3 , a

bill was introduced , passing both houses with mysterious H o ni R i v1 n a tes . celerity , g g a legal status to the g abid

e e for fanaticism and fr n tic bigotry could hardly wish more . “ e S The bill was entitl d A upplement to an act entitled , An act to incorporate the members o fthe religious society I 79

of Roman Catholics belonging to the congregation of St . ’ Mary s Church , in the city of Philadelphia , passed the thirteenth day of September, one thousand seven hundred ” - and eighty eight . The bill was more insidious in its construction than sweeping in its enactments . As we saw , the church was i nc or or atedi n 1 88 p 7 by the legislature, and the charter of incorporation provides that the ofli c i ati ng pastor should be ” du l a oi nted y pp . This was the source of contention . th e Those who petitioned for an alteration in charter, alleged that its proper construction if it did not assert the right of the pew-holders of the congregation to elect their pastor, as is done in other churches , was at least extremely for doubtful , and therefore called the inter position of the legislature to clear away the doubt, and make that certain by legislative enactment which was obscure .

The church authorities , on the other hand , maintained that the meaning of the words du ly app oi nted was too obvious to admit of even a shadow of doubt ; that it had m reference to the im emorial custom in the Church , unde n niable and inco trovertible , which invests the appointing power in the Bishop , and the obedience of the priests was a matter of Church discipline which the Church never deviated from . The petitioners then took the characteristically Protes V tant iew, and here the animus of their action became apparent , that it was contrary to the genius of our insti 1 80 t u ti o ns and diametrically opposed to ou r laws t o admit foreign jurisdiction over the property and conduct o f

e — e e Am rican citizens , that the r fusal would be an impli d o f a recognition papal authority in the S tate of Pennsylvani , inasmuch as in that event th e Pope would continue t o h appoint the Bishop , and the Bishop the priest, and t at both would thunder their fulminations and e xc ommu ni c a tions against every dissenting Catholic . On the other hand it was urged , that the alteration would be impolitic th e — o f in extreme , that the States the Union were em of e c on sti t u phatically the protectors r ligion , and that its tion recognized the rights of conscience and universal — toleration ; that by holding ou t this inducement with h a d b of e others , her shores ecome the refuge the oppress d and the asylum of the persecuted ; and that it would be more than deliberate cruelty to allure and seduce from foreign countries and then abandon t o religious p er sec u e tion the victims nticed . n Most cunni gly framed , this bill would have made the o f T — r h clergy the tools the rustees, alte ed the charter wit o f n a nd ou t the full consent the congregatio , disturbed subverted fundam ental articl es o f faith in contravention

h e f . t o Catholic practices In short , it invested Trustees with plenipotenti ary powers as far as the government of

e n o f the temporaliti s , appoi tment pastors was concerned , — nd e a deliv red the Church , a fettered and manacled vic A . t tim , into their hands this date it is a matter of sur

1 8 2

In the Carlisle A mer i ca n Vol u nteer this card appeared

” CATHOLIC QUESTION .

The members composi ng the Cath olic Congregation of the borough o f Carlisle are earnestly requested to meet at ’ f tw o M o n e o . . S th ir place worship , at o clock P , aturday , 1 th for of e u bl i c the 2 instant , the purpose xpressing their p

/z a n ks o f S R t to the Governor the tate, and the epresenta ti y es of th e people wbo had th e ofici a l and constitutional fidelity and justice t o protect the R i gh ts of Cons ci en ce a nd

/z a r ter ed [ mmu n i ti es n C , agai st the contemplated violation

l a w o f r el i i o n . g , , and the constitution of the land S i ned [ g ] CORMICK MCMANUS ,

BERNARD CARNEY , Trustees .

WALTER E . ERWIN ,

2 . Carlisle , April

T h e result of the meeting is given in the Vol u n teer of 1 April 7th , and we will let the paper tell the rest

T H E MEETING

Ca tboli c con r e a ti on Ca r l i sl e Of the g g of the borough of , afte r h aving b een organized by appointing Cor mi ck

A r i l 1 82 p 3 3 . , 1 83

McMa nu s R i ch a r d Dou h er t oh n as chairman , and g y and j Fa u s t u n a ni mou s l as secretaries , y adopted the following proceedings

PREAMBLE .

Ci ted by the above call , and in cheerful obedience to Ca th ol i c con r e a ti on it , the g g of this church have met, at ti me l a ce for mer i tor the and p assigned , the grateful and d ious purposes therein specifie , and after a deliberate inter change of opinions upon this ser1 ous and interesting sub ec t u n a n i mou s j , it was ly recommended and acquiesced in , that a respectful l etter of th a n ks be addressed to Joseph

Hiester , Esq . , Governor of Pennsylvania, for the firm , dignified , and liberal protection with which he shielded Th e Gr ea t Cons ti tu ti ona l Qu es ti on of R el i gi ou s a nd Ch a r tor ed R i h ts veto g , by his correct and comprehensive , upon

u ncons ti tu ti ona l bi l l the innovating , improvident , and , passed by both branches of the legislature of this State , ’ S t . to alter the —charter of Mary s church of the city of Philadelphia a bill sweeping into destruction at one and de n ed a n d s ecz c contr a c ts o l a ws a nd the same time , fi fi fi f ‘ i mpr escr zjbti bl e r i gh ts cu consci en ce ; nor ought our grati tude and religious feelings ever cease to embalm the mem ory of those enlightened and faithful Representatives of

mons tr ou s bi l l both Houses , who virtuously combatted this ” in every step of its iniquitous march . 1 84

T A L E T T E R O F H N KS .

T o H i s E xcel l enc ose h H i es ter Gover n or o P en ns l y, j p , f y va ni a

S 1 R —W e Go d , all , thank , live in a country and under laws which have put the mark of Ca i n upon two o f the fell and impious instrum ents Of the p r i n ce of da r k nes s

B i otr a nd l i s n tol e r a n c u r i ou s a n a ti c g y R e gi ou I e . The f f

er z ea l ot e to may foam , and the fi y rave , but th ir inability

t o P er s ecu ti on dea th s ta b u e injure has given its , and s sp nds

e t e o f o it b fore the enligh en d eye mankind , as a hide us f t o o e . object indignation , d rision and scorn Eternal thanks th e i mmor ta l r evol u ti on a r ou n der s h r ea t R e u bl i c y f Of t is g p , e s n I e t o o for such c lestial and tran cendant blessi gs Her , in

n of r el i i ou s tol er a ti on r ofli a te this glorious la d g , the p g l i ber ti n e and th e impious latitudinarian are chained down by the sublime and awful edicts ofboth National and State

e va nda l constitutions , from p rpetrating an indiscriminate i s m r el i i ou s zvor sh i upon g p , and prostrating at their unholy e ffe du t i et to fe t , that filial and a ctionate y which p y owes its c a nd e canoni al enactments . The principles, prof ssions ,

o fth e R oma n Ca thol i c Fa i th a r e and practice , immutable

— — n th e universal eternal u iform all over world , in every

e o f cr eed di s ci li n e e practic , both its and p , nev r veering to th e o r o f e seductions delusions either fancy, infid lity , or caprice ; it is founded e ven in its most minute decree s and

e e e e a Observanc s upon the acqui sc nc and llegiance , in every

1 8 6

e o f V and a frozen evid nce utter insensibility, to iew in a nd h o u silence , the bright saving banner whic y have ‘ displayed over the S ecu r i ty (y R el i gi ou s E x er ci se A nd Th e

a bi li t ts h a r ter ed R i h ts [ n vi ol y Of I C g . And it only adds of ou r ofli c i al to the reputation y firmness and vigilance , that you have destroy ed th i s l i ce nti ou s a n d demor a l i z i ng e e bill , at that important and r sponsible post , assign d to

d e o f your care , ere it reached the formi abl barriers the

u di ci a r e j y, wher it would finally and inevitably perish beneath the austere and portentous frowns of that A ugu st bu n a l T r i . “ a f th e e S igned in b eh lf o m eting .

CORMICK MCMANUS ,

R R T r ees u s t . BE NA D CARNEY , R R WALTE . ERWIN ,

R es ol ved V en R e r e , That the irtuous and enlight ed p sen ta ti ves of the Houses o f the Legislature wh o opposed ’ C ofS t . r the bill , altering the harter Ma y s Church , receive o f for the cordial thanks this meeting the zeal , fidelity and talents with which they defended r el i gi ou s r i gh ts and

h a r ter ed com a cts c p . “ R es ol ved e , That the meeting disclaim all int ntion of for ou t o f creating any political ferment , party purposes ,

e e this subj ct, and earn stly recommend their Catholic e th e S to br thren throughout tate confer their votes , upon

r all occasions , upon me it , morals and qualifications only , 1 8 7 and to be guided solely in the exerci se of their suffrages by patriotic views and virtuous predilections . “ R esol ved h , That t ese proceedings be published through ou t the S tate by such editors o fnewspapers as are friendly th e to cause of truth and justice . R esol ved , That the Trustees of this congregation for ward these proceedings to the Governor and retain a copy of them in the archives of the church .

h i a C a r m n . CORMICK MCMANUS , G RICHARD DOU HERTY, S i ned ecr e a r s [ g ] S t i e . JOHN FAUST,

The open letter of the Carlisle and Lancaster congrega tions , in giving expression to that feeling which every Cath olic would h ave considered his bounden duty to express as a j ust appreciation of conduct on the part of Governor Hies — ter a conduct th at was more than diplomatic in being

simply heroic , was wantonly misconstrued , ruthlessly

dragged into the political arena , and made the campaign 1 8 of 23 , for Governor, more than customarily bitter and d fierce . The contending parties were the Fe eralists and

-R for : Democratic epublicans . Hiester was a candidate re a election , and side of the dignified and brave standpoint

he took in vetoing the bill above alluded to , was a man of

brilliant attainments and unswerving honesty . His oppo —nent , Schulze , though his character could not be impugned was the son of a Lutheran minister, and himself for six 1 8 8 years followed the same avocation until physical disability made him exchange the clerical fo r a mercantile career. But what aroused the antagonism and indignation of Cath ol i c s o f , was his advocacy the bill which the foregoing letter

e so scathingly denounc s . T h e papers which at that time devoted nearly all their

to available space politics , which was discussed with a vehemence and acerbity highly amusing t o us o f the for present day, took up the matter, and several weeks the

Catholic Question was thoroughly ventilated . F . P . S wh o o f S u n bu r E n u i r er chwarz , was the editor the y q , o f e e e and a Catholic very lib ral t nd ncies , j udging from his

e t e editorial utt rances , precipi ated matters by keeping aliv

- this religio political campaign . As usual in such cases wh ere the Church is dragged into th e of —i t of heat political discussion , was productive heap

o n a n d n to i n ing contumely her, subjecti g its members an

l o f e — i cessant fusi ade inv ctive , wh lst the political dema

o u es - g g carried their ends . The Hiester S chulze campaign however h a d aroused the Catholic mind t o the iniquitous

e o f e T e t o e proce dings the Philad lphia ruste s , the inad quacy

n of e and da ger the entire Truste system , and the disastrous — results o fantagonizing th e ce ntre o fCatholic unity a u thor ity . In bringing about this consummation the loyal faith , alert watchfulness and timely intervention o f the con r e a ti ons e o f g g outsid Philadelphia, had not a little to do o ne o f , and the fact that Carlisle was the first if not

I 90

CHAPTER XII .

H —T H R T O COL BUILDING OF T E CHURCH . E T USTE E S COME — — I I N . T H R CON L S O E CA NEY IMBROGLIO . N E WSPAPER T R — OVE R S Y . CARNEY COLLE CTS SUBSCRIPTIONS A N D P BY A —H OU T OF E W RENTS L W . E DIES H R T E CHU CH .

o f ol d 1 806 t S ince the erection the church in , Catholici y had made considerable strides in ways and importance that f r augured most auspiciously o the future . The gain was r ec o ni not only in numerical strength , but also in social g bec om tion and solid prosperity . The members were daily ing more imbued no t only with the privileges of their A citizenship , —but also with that impulsive merican pro gr essi veness which already was a marvel to Europe . E n ndowed by nature with a robust constitutio , inured to hardship from infancy , gifted with keen and sturdy honesty, the emigrant o fyears ago was gradually becoming no i n consequential factor in public life . This marked advance o u r was felt and noticed in Carlisle. Already some of prominent tradesmen and contractors were found among th e — Catholics , and even the poor laboring men though of still in a majority , in spite the beg—garly pittance they — e en earned three to four dollars a week , wer men who

e e o f joyed the confid nce and est em their emp loyers . In 1 82 2 we find th i r ty- ni n e pew holders crowded in the

little church without adverting to the women , adults and 1 9 1

children of the congregation . How they ever gained even m admi ssmn the erest , not to speak of accommodation is a problem , the solution of which taxed the minds of the

Trustees as much then , as its contemplation puzzles us now . No doubt the renting of the pews was a mere formal proceeding to insure a suitable revenue , whilst the most i liberal , communistic ideas preva led as to their occupancy . The visits of the attending priest and his semi - monthly sojourn in their midst helped not only to increase the — number of attendants at service, but more than ever urged the necessity of enlarged accommodation .

The first step in this direction , taken with evident hesi fancy was voiced in the following memorandum in the Church R ecords

1 st 1 82 2 . SUNDAY , July the 2 , At a meeting of the members of the Roman Catholic t o Church of Carlisle , held on this day in said church , take into consideration and adopt regulations for the Pro vision of a Clergyman , and also to elect four Trustees for — the ensuing year . After the election of the Trustees, the following resolution was adopted as follows That two additional pews be erected in front of the

existing ones at the expense of the congregation , and that the whole sh ould be rented by the Tru stees to the mem

bers , and the proceeds , with the rent of the house belonging R D en to the Church to be given to the evd . Mr. w as his h i s yearly salary, for services as clergyman of said church . 9 2

T h e e t o of P ws consist Twenty in number , the front

f r 1 th e 1 t o o . e t o Pews rent $ 3 a pair , succ eding ones fall t o dollar each , which will amount with the rent of th e e o be 6 dwelling hous in additi n , which will $ 2 , making o f 1 in all the sum $ 96 . yearly . for I MA Trustees the year, CORM CK MC NUS R R A R BE NA D C NEY , [S igned ] M . CR A MO R W , R W ALTE R . ERWIN . T h e pew holders in 1 8 2 2 wh o were to pay the ir rent

e t o th e e e w h o v quart rly Trust s , in turn handed it o er to

Dwen e e th e : Father , w r following Right Ais l e L eft Aisl e W a te r R r er ar a r e l . E win B n d C n y John Gille n Fr a ncis Mc Ma n u s Pa t r ick Philip s Edwa r d Hi ggins Pa tr ick Mc Gu i r e Pa tr ick Der s o n (D a wson) r Mr a t er s Co mick Mc Manu s . W John Fa u st H u gh Mc Cor m i c k i n l a es Mc I n ti r e N . G g y J m e a Mr er P te r Bl ck . Sigl Mi s s Mr Cr am o r Inder s . John Monks Pa tr ick Boyl e Micha e l D a ws on Micha e l Boyle Pet er Gilmor e E dwar d Fr i el R a l a r h a l l au h a L ewi s n c i e C . C g n Thomp s on Br own I o h n Ca r ney a Mc a P tr ick Smi th E d . L e r y Pa t r ick Mc Ma n u s E dwa r d Whit e Char l e s Mc Ma nu s Pa tr ick Mc A u l y Richa r d Dou gh e r t y Dominick Cor ny Jo s ep h Smith John Higgin s

1 94

Those intending to contract for said work will send in their Proposals on the 1 7th of March at the hour of 1 0 ’ o clock in the forenoon , at the Union Hotel , where the ” Trustees will attend for that purpose . The work begun under such favorable circumstances was ’ — not only doomed to more than a year s delay , but was the

origin of what , for want of a better name , we may call the

r es onsi bi l Carney imbroglio . Trustees , with the onerous p

ities of governing the Church , like the redoubtable speci mens above alluded to , were—no doubt duly impressed with the importance of their ofli c e but when it came t o internal on e n friction and strife , would thi k that policy would n ot prompt them , from personal if religious motives , to m aintain harmony by amicably adjusting their di fli c u l ti es

and burying their resentments , and above all to avoid the scandal o f making public exhibitions of their gri evances

e and misunderstandings . Unfortunately our Trust es h rus ed into print , made their quarrels common property , ” eflec tu al l for and most y, the time being at least, put a sum to m mary stop the work on the inco plete church . It took

to o f nearly three years accomplish what , with unity action

under skillful guidance , could have been done in six

months . Not to allude to the scandal and disaster this dif fic u l t y caused in the congregation , it shook the confidence

n - of n o Catholic ben efactors . The only feature worthy of some consideration in this quarrel was that its ventilation in the public prints enables the narrative of the annex I 9S

- building to be accurately given , for the Church Records

' a fl i r give us not a scintilla of information about the a .

The story runs that Barney Carney , one of the supplanted n e w Trustees , for at the annual election ones had been

elected , was either improvident or dishonest in handling

the church funds . It is not our province to sift the con

fli c ti n . gand meagre evidence The newly elected Trustees ,

upon their accession , discovered the supposed discrepancy ,

and demanded books , receipts , bills , etc . , from Carney . His r refusal , and the fact that he was no longe a member of

the Board of Trustees , prompted them to issue the follow ing advertisement

TAKE NOTICE .

All persons who have subscribed money to the Trustees R of the oman Catholic Church of the borough of Carlisle , t n ot to a i t to B ei her here or elsewhere , are requested p y er n a r d Ca r ne y, or any person else without the authority of

the undersigned Trustees of said church . In testimony 1 6 whereof we hereunto subscribe our names , this th day of 1 8 February , 24 .

JOHN GILLEN , S i ned W T r u s tees [ g ] ED ARD HAGAN .

PETER GILMORE ,

*A m er l ca n Vo u nt eer Feb r u a r 1 1 82 l , y 9, 4 . 1 96

Thus challenged , Carney had but two alternatives to

- ed es protect his impugned honesty , either by seeking r r s at law, or availing himself of a public vindication in the di d — h newspaper . He the latter and for more t an

n i o f Vol u n teer six co secutive ssues (weekly) the , imme ’ di at el d n e y below the above notice , stan s Car ey s count r blast

T o a l l th a t s u bs cr i bed tow a r ds th e er ecti on of a n a ddi ti on a l bu i l di ng to th e R oma n Ca th oli c Ch u r ch of

of The present Trustees said church , having thought e n o t proper, in an advertisem nt , to request said subscribers to pay me their subscriptions I therefore inform said sub

a r ti cu l a r l r e u es t n o scribers , and p y q , that they pay money or T th e moneys to the present rustees , as subscription book e m e f r c on has been transferr d to o collection . I have tracted fo r the building for the sum o f and the only

e h for s curity I ave said sum is the subscription book , the e money subscribed in which I must collect myself. I hav expended on said buildi ng more than I have c ol l ec ted o n a c k n owl , which appeared settlement , and was edged by said T rustees . I therefore protest against the pub

m e l i c ati on . made by them I submit the statement ad ,

e T acknowl dged and attested by Isaac odd , Esq. , and John

Higgins .

1 9 8

NOTICE

All persons who have subscribe d towards the erection of the additional building o f the R oma n Ca th ol i c Ch u r ch

t o th e of Carlisle , are requested pay me amount of their n f e subscriptions o Friday the 3 o th o April . I will att nd of d e o f at the house John S tock al in the borough Carlisle , ’ e e said day , from ten till tw lv o clock in the forenoon , and ’ from two till four five o clock in the afternoon , to receive T . h o do n payment hose w o t comply with this request ,

wi th ou t r es ect o er s ons will p f p , be dealt with as the law

1 t o e directs , as I am the only person authorized r ceive the ” same .

i ne [S g d ] BARN E Y CARNEY . 1 1 8 April 4 , 24 . — This was n o idle threat for Carney was both impulsive n s and obstinate , and two days later promptly i stituted uit

against James Boyle and Michael Dawson , in the former fo r e case a subscription and a ord r, in the

latter case for pew rent and a n subscription .

e o n e He ent red—judgment , which they waived , the pl a of insolvency and he actually had th em p u t to fa i l u n der th e ’ d btor s t e a c .

e The case appealed , the Court sustain d Carney , and * a ff e gain a airs assumed a most alarming attitud .

S e e n o s . 28 28 286 A r i l T r m 1 2 P u m e r l a n Co . 4 , 5 p e 8 . . b d , , 4 , C C I 99

B The pacific overtures of Father wen , and the concilia tory action of the old Trustees , headed by the prudent Mc Ma nu s Cormick , averted a calamity which might have r e resulted in irreparable spiritual harm . As it was , it tar ded the work on the Church , closed the channels of c f th e harity, omented discord , and was unquestionably s e ourc of grave scandal . As a final means of adj usting the difficulties it was con cluded to submit them to the arbitration of some di si n d — ter este th e . persons , and consider adjudication final u n This was done by mutual consent, and an opinion f en avorable to Carney handed in . Exasperated beyond "< durance Carney came out with the following manifesto z

TO THE PUBLICK .

“ It is with regret, I feel bound in vindication of myself, to publish my protest against the decision or the arbitra tors i n the case of myself against Cormick Mc Ma nu s and

Walter R . Erwin , former trustees of the Roman Catholic H er a ld Church in Carlisle , published in the Carlisle and

Ga z ette . t m All I will say for the presen is , I consider y self ungenerously and dishonorably dealt with , which I will make appear to the satisfaction of the public very shortly . It is true I signed an article to abide by the decisio n of the

A mer ca n Vol u n teer u n e 20 1 82 i , J . 4 2 OO arbitrators appointed to settle the amount of moneys r e c ei ved o n o f R and paid by me, account the oman Catholic e n ot n or Church , but , ther was a word in said article did e t o i u it com before the arbitrators , that I was g ve p the ’ building and receive nothing for a whole summ er s atte nd

e e anc and lost time . It is therefor my intention to have so justice done me fairly in doing , the public will be the better acquainted with the treatm ent I have re ceived from

of el l ows wh o e w e a set / , are w ll kno n for th ir deficiency ” o f n and want common sense and dece cy. ” [S i gn ed ] BARN E Y CARNEY 1 8 Carlisle . June 2 2 , 2 4 .

Carney ma y have found some justification in a destruct

e ive agitation , which from a Catholic standpoint s ems not m o f r h only unwarrantable , but ore worthy censu e t an sym T h e h e pathy . little Catholicity had , was unfortunately superficial and fee ble and proved unavailing in coping

a with his impulsive obstinacy . Apost sy seemed the inevi e o f no r tabl doom the arrogant Trustee at that time , was

t o 1 8 h i s n e n o Carney be an exemption . In 2 5 am longer

o n o f e —h e d appears the list pew hold rs , rifted further and ’ further from the moorings of his Childhood s faith until h e wound up his career by refusing priestly ministrations in

H e 1 a nd . 8 his dying moments died in 59 , lies buried in the Old (Protestant) Cemetery . e e e e s Under the new Truste s , with restor d confid nce

2 0 2 inform them that its doors shall be open to all denomina

tions of Christians who may think proper, at any time, to visit it , and conduct themselves while there as Christians . “ B — . Th e P ws wi l b n t d N . e l e r e e on the 7th of August w next , when all those ( ith no exception of persons) who

e e e s wish to s cur to th mselves a right to a eat , will please ” attend at the church . 1 1 th 1 8 Carlisle , July , 2 5 . ” S i ne [ g d ] TRUSTE ES .

n e As me tioned abov , the church was dedicated in August o by Bish p Conwell , assisted by Rev . B . Keenan , Lancaster, R e D n v. we of Father , and probably some the Conewago s Father .

R CHAPTE XIII .

CARLISLE IN T H E STR UGGLE FOR CATHOLIC EMANCIPA “ — I Z I TION . ORGAN AT ON OF THE CATHOLIC ASSOCIA ” R — TION OF I ELAND . PROTESTANTS GE NE ROUS — AND E NTHUSIASTIC IN THE CAUSE DANIEL ’ C E LL R M A s M M O ONN P OPOSES THE — E BERS OF THE A SSOCIATION THE R COR ESPONDENCE GIVEN .

’ When Daniel O Co n nel l inaugu rated his memorable fight — o r 1 800 h e i n f Catholic Emancipation in , had such an sti n c ti ve aversion t o the viol en t re volutionary spirit o fthat 2 03

“ - i period , that his well known say ng, he would accept of no d ” social amelioration at the cost of a single drop of bloo , was looked upon as the mere utterance of a political vision 1 8 1 8 ary . Yet from 2 2 to 2 9 there was a fierce though ” on e bloodless battle waged in old Ireland , which tried the hearts of Irishmen as much as those who fought at

Limerick or Fontenoy . The struggle was gallant, the victory brilliant . Years of harrowing care and persistent ’ disappointment convinced O Connel l that the battle must be a bloodless one , one in which the j ustice of the cause must be brought strongly and convincingly before the h eai r t — of humanity , one that must enlist the sympathy and aid 1 8 8 of every lover of justice and liberty . In 2 the agita tion for Catholic Emancipation reached the culminating point under the persistent and well - directed labors of the ’ O Conn ell Catholic Association , called into life by , with

s ramifications throughout the civilized Chri tian world . Ireland itself during this time was in a state of seething ’ . 1 8 2 8 t O Con nel l ed ferment It was in June of hat , elect by an overwhelming majority to Parliament from County

Clare , refused to take the Test oath , which was framed to o fli c e n d exclude Catholics from . Under his magnificent a inspiring generalship Catholic Emancipation was wrung from the reluctant Government . In his gigantic labors the

wa s e Agitator finally so successful that the Conservativ s , led by such men as S i r R obert Peel and the Duke of W e l i n ton 6 1 l 82 . g , conceded emancipation on February , 9 2 0 4

T h e eyes o f the world centered o n Ireland during this

- m n f r epoch aki g struggle . The heart o every I ishman went o u t t o his far - off home from whence persecution and p ov er t i n o w of y had ex led him , and that the fruits liberty were

a —h e within sight , within gr sp, would contribute his share

e e in hastening the bl ss d hour.

u o ne o f Carlisle , as sual , was the first inland towns to take the initiative in joining the Catholic Association , the potent factor that became an engine ofso much happi

t o n t a ness Ireland . It did ot wait to ke its one from larger t e t ci i s , but , fired with the patrio ism of its Irish citizens, it modestly but none the l ess generously sent its contribution t o l o fno t r e Ire and , and had the supreme satisfaction only c ei vi ng person al testimonials o fappreciation from the great as o f Agitator , by himself proposing them members the f o . Catholic Association , but seeing Emancipation granted In thi s e ffor t it will be noticed that creed or church a ffil i a

a th e tion are set side , that Catholic priest and Protestant

on f o f lawyer meet the same plat orm equality , and that all o f them con tribute cheerfully to a cause so dear t o their

e - o n e e of t h arts , and so charact ristic their na ionality . But w e will let the newspaper files tell the interesting a n d touching story I n the A mer i ca n Vol u nteer * we find the subjoined notice in t h e adve rtising column

Fe r u a r 2 1 82 8 b y 7, .

2 0 6

E th 1 8 2 8 . PHILAD LPHIA , January 4 ,

P r i ma r y objects of the New Catholic Association of of OF A L O Ireland , which is composed CHRISTIANS L DEN M I N A T I ON S ,

I T di fl e . o u s a liberal and enlightened system of edu cation throughout Ireland .

2 . To extend Irish commerce .

e 3 . To promot Irish agriculture .

T o o f manu fa c 4 . encourage the consumption Irish tures .

a s s e n 5 . To encourage , much as po sible , a free and to t o lightened press , circulate works calculated promote j ust principles , mutual toleration and kindness .

- r th e f t 6 . T o e o p eserv purity elec ions in Ireland , espe c i al ly bV supporting the for ty- sh i l li ng fr eeh older s in the f m aintenance o their just rights .

T o e o f 7 . d vise means erecting in Ireland suitable churches fo r the celebration o fDivine Wor ship and to p r o c u re and establish burial grounds wherein the dead may be interred without being liable to any species ofinsult or

contumely . 2 0 7

8 . To ascertain the number of the population of Ireland , th e proportion of Catholics and Protestants , and the num f ber of children of each in a course o education .

n i s l m n i a ti on Its principal aim is U ver a E a c p . one ou nd E! To constitute membership , p , Irish cur r enc y (according to the present rate of exchange about $5) must be paid on admission . “ e Any sum , howev r small , may nevertheless be contrib u ted f towards the funds o the association . “ T h e n followi g gentlemen are appointed Treasurers , to whom the collecting committees are to pay over the moneys t o c ontr i bu collected , and who are send the same and the ’ e R tors names to Ireland Gen ral obert Patterson , General

S . . William Duncan , ilas E Wier, William J Duane , Joseph

M . Doran .

Mr . Taylor then rose and offered the following pre amble and resolutions

Whereas , This meeting looks with great confidence to c ’ the New Catholic Asso iation of Ireland , and believes its object to be truly philanthropic and humane , and if liber i t ally assisted , as should be by every lover of freedom , and ffl every comforter of the a icted , would redound much to the tranquillity and happiness of that oppressed country but

‘ p er fec tl y a war e how unavailing will be its efforts without sufficient funds to enabl e it to carry its patriotic views into eflec t a a fiai r s and knowing it to be, in the present st te of , 2 0 8 totally inadequate to the accomplishment o fits multifarious objects , therefore ,

‘

1 . R es ol ved to t o , That encourage said association

e e c o m persev re in its gr at and laudable undertakings , a mi tt ee o f two for e eight persons , ach ward in the borough , e t o th e o f be appoint d collect names , places residence and subscriptions of those ge ntl emen in Carlisle and its vicin ity wh o may be desirous o fbecoming members o fthe asso i i n c at o .

R es ol ved e 2 . , That a treasurer be appointed into whos hands shall be paid all the money which the collecting e t o n committee may r ceive , and whose duty it shall be se d

e the same , as soon as possible, together with the nam s , o f e o f e o f e places birth , and plac s r sidence the subscrib rs , to of e r e the treasurer the Association in Philad lphia , equ st

t o e ing them forward the whole , together with the proc ed n o f n t o i gs this meeti g, the Treasurer of the Association in

e Ir land , by the first convenient opportunity .

R es ol ved e 3 . , That these proc edings be signed by the

a a n d e ch irman and secretary , be publish d in all the Carlisle papers . T h e above preamble and resolutions were seconded a n d a e t o dopt d , and the following gentlemen appointed act as collecting committee

2 1 0 that probably n ot one Catholic was unrepresented in that * e fil s coll ction . But we again will let the newspaper e nar rate the details

T H E CAUS E OF IR ELA ND .

A ’ U GH I N B A CH S I N N . , CARLISLE , PENN

1 8 8 . . 1 2 Sept 3th , In pursuance o fa notice a number of thos e wh o con ‘ ’ e t o tribut d the fund of the New Catholic Association , m e t e e . . w as t o this v ning James Givin , esq , called the h R . D . . en c air and evd P J . w appointed secretary “

. of f Isaac B Parker, esq . , Treasurer the unds collected i n t his place submitted the following statement , which

was unanimously adopted , and ordered to be published , o ’ t gether with the contributors names . “

. I n Isaac B Parker, account with the contributors to ‘ ’ the New Catholic Association ofIreland in Carlisle . “ To cash received from subscribers from the 9th of

1 1 8 8 February till the 4th of March , 2 Balance due Treasurer

m i n l v 1 2 8 A er ca Vo u n teer o e b er 6 8 . , N m , 2 1 1

1 1 8 8 . h h March 7th 2 By cas remitted to Josep M .

Doran , esq . , as per receipt

’ for By cash postage . 25

E . E . I . B . Parker h 1 1 8t 8 8 . Sept . , 2

S m 1 8 o 1 8 . Read and appr ved 3th epte ber, 2 “ i ned V h a i r ma n S C . [ g ] JAMES GI IN ,

B N S ec . . W Test . P . J E , y

Names of contributors copied from D ublin Weekly ” R e i ster s : . P . . B . g now in our pos ession Rev J wen , Gen M o es R c C . . ober y, Isaac B Parker , q , James Givin , George Mc Ma nu s r D . Foulke , M . D . , Cormick , Crawford Foste ,

Fa e r . Jacob ust , G orge Smith , J , Gad Day, Samuel Mc k os . . S C y esq , David S Forney , Robert nodgrass , John

Gillen , John Clark , John Taylor, Redmond Conyngham , u James Kernan , (Franklin County), Richard Do gherty , l h l a u er . . Gau . Hugh g , esq , George A Lyon , esq , James S w Bredin , Benjamin tiles , Jacob Bishop , John Ir in ,

William Irvine , esq . , Jacob Hendel , esq . , Seawright Ram

es . . s sey, q , George Metzger, esq , Thomas Henne sy, John

. . w . Philips , esq , Geo Leas , Andre Carothers “ f The ollowing correspondence, in possession of Mr. was John Taylor, read by him , and ordered by the meeting vi z to be published as a part of its proceedings, 2

1 1 8 2 8 . CARLISLE , March 4th ,

DR I R . S : In conformity with instructions received o f from Mr. Joseph M . Doran , your city, I have the pleas ure to forward you herewith a draft for One Hundred

e Dollars , payable to your order, contributed by the fri nds ofthe New Catholic Association of Ireland residing in

Carlisle, Pennsylvania , with a request that their mite be added to the funds of that benevol en t and praiseworthy e e t o association . You will hav the goodn ss acknowledge

' s the enclo ed , and to inform me whether a more particular n ec e designation than that herein noted , will be hereafter s

e sary to be transmitted to you . I have som small hop es m d that a farther subscription a y be obtaine .

Your obedient humble servant, “ ” S i ned . . [ g ] I B PARKER . ” S . TURNER CAMAC , E Q

1 1 8 8 . PHILADELPHIA , March 7th , 2

I R Ca r ma c t a c k n l D E AR S : I am requested by Mr. o o w

1 e edge his receipt o fyour letter of the 4th inst . nclosing a

for 1 00 th e draft $ , being the amount contributed by friends N ew o f of the Catholic Association Ireland , residing in d th e o f Carlisle and vicinity towar s funds that society . of He begs me to return to the citizens your borough , o f through your medium , the thanks of the friends Ireland s u bs ta nti a l of this city , for the ardent and manner in which the former have thus generously expressed their devotion

4

throughout the world , who desires the melioration of a

- condition of a very large portion of his fellow creatures .

Under this conviction , sir, and without intending in any l wise to interfere with the politics of Ire and , further than these , the expression of their feelings and opinions , they have made th eir contributions ; and there are thousands of l others in the United States , who are so disposed and wi l sh or tl —a n y do the same . One feature admirable feature i n the Catholic Association , has not escaped the eye of the people of this country , and indeed , has induced many who are not of the R oman Catholic persuasion to become its contributors that it is composed of persons of every r el i gi dei i ned ous denomination , and it is not g to give benefits and advantages to one sect at the expense of the rest ; but i t s is substantially, and in fact, in object and in its views , ’ —i n Catholic , the true sense of the word . Be assured , the society will have nothing to fear from its enemies , as long w as the liberal ork shall be impressed upon its front .

Perhaps it may be proper to remark , that these contri butions are by no means to be regarded as emanating from a body or society , they proceed from persons acting entirely a s i ndi vi du a l s , without the consent or connection with each other ; and i h ou l d it not be contrary to the rules o f ad the association , it would be gratifying to them to be mi tted members for one year, provided that no further payment should be required of them . Permit us now in the name of the Irish and their 2 1 5

descendants in the state of Pennsylvania , and for ourselves an d to heartily thank you , through you Shiel , and your illustrious friends , for the noble stand you and they have

e taken for the cause of persecut d Ireland . “ We remain with great respect , sir, your most obedient and humble servants . i ned A R MA [S g ] TURNER C C. ” JOSEPH M . DORAN . ’ ” S . DANIEL O CONNELL , E Q Dublin

1 1 8 8 On the 9th of July , 2 , upwards of one hundred and fifteen gentlemen of Philad elphia and Carlisle (whose i n names , birthplaces and residences were subsequently ser ted in the Dublin papers) were on motion of Daniel ’ n D nn el l ad O Co nn el l . Mc o , Esq , seconded by Sir Fra cis , “ mi tted member s of the Catholic Ass ociation of Ireland .

The following resolution was then unanimously adopted , vi z :

R esol ved , That the thanks of the meeting be tendered

P . a t to Isaac B . arker, Esq , for his f i hful and punctual attention to the business intrusted to his care at our former meeting.

i n e ma n S d V Ch a i r . [ g ] JAMES GI IN , D ’ . . W E N S ec . P J , y F M L H L C S C T N F L N D ACS I I E OF M EM B ER S H IP CAR D O F CAT O I A S O IA IO O IR E A .