Table of Contents Publisher’s Note...... ix Editor’s Introduction...... xi Contributors...... xv

War Crimes and Tribunals

Executive Order 9547...... 1 Nuremberg Code. 4 Establishment and Proceedings of the Tribunal...... 7 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide...... 15

The New World Order

Preamble of the UN Charter . 23 Potsdam Agreement ...... 26 Statement by General MacArthur on the Occupation of Japan...... 40 No Sacrificing of Basic Principles for Expediency...... 43 Complete Integration of Military Operations. 48 The World Needs the Tonic of Universal Truth ...... 52 No Country Fears a Strong America...... 61 The Sources of Soviet Conduct ...... 67 Truman Statement on Immigration into Palestine...... 79 Truman Doctrine Speech. 83 Speech on the Marshall Plan. 89 Vyshinsky’s Speech to the UN General Assembly...... 94 NATO Treaty . 98 Memorandum on Lifting the Soviet Blockade...... 102

American Alliances

Act of Chapultepec. 107 Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance...... 112 Pact of Bogota...... 120

v Address by Secretary Acheson, September 19, 1949 . 132

Atomic Policy

Atomic Energy and International Trade...... 143 Atomic Explosion in the USSR. 149 International Control of Atomic Energy...... 152

The Red Scare

Executive Order 9835...... 163 Testimony of J. Edgar Hoover before the House Un-American Activities Committee...... 171 Ronald Reagan’s Testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee...... 176 Testimony Regarding Communist Investigations . 181

Domestic Affairs

A Reason Must Be Substituted for Force. 189 22nd Amendment ...... 195 Taft-Hartley Act...... 198 Practical Peacetime Applications . 211 Truman’s State of the Union Speech . 220

The Rise of Civil Rights

Mendez et al. v. Westminister School Dist. of Orange County et al...... 231 Morgan v. Virginia (1946). 241 Report of the President’s Committee on Civil Rights ...... 250 Shelley v. Kraemer (1948). 263 Executive Order 9981...... 274 Southern Legislators Protest Proposed Antilynching Legislation . 278

vi Appendixes

Chronological List...... 291 Web Resources . 293 Bibliography...... 295 Index...... 301

vii