October 1990 HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN Vol

October, 1990 BULLETIN 1 HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

t 7 dume 33 rmber 2

CHECK OUT THE CARBONATE FIELD TRIP! Seepage12 GCAGS CONVENTION See pages 8 & 40 HGS SHRIMP PEEL See page 32 IN THIS ISSUEoo. - Deep Oil Prospects in Trinidad ...... Page 16 - RCRA: A Historical Perspective ...... Page 22 - Re-evaluating the Potential of Old Plays ...... Page 25 - Energy and Destiny: We Must Control Both ...... Page 29 - Chainsaws and Computers ...... Page 42 PL US MORE! (For October Events, see page 1 and Geoevents section, page 33) E rom mne-wem to Atlas Wireline Services I

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7he Atlas Advmtage HGS OCTOBER EVENTS MEETINGS OCTOBER 8,1990 (Dinner Meeting) "Evaluation of Untested Stratigraphic Traps in a Pleistocene Canyon-Fill Complex, Offshore Louisiana" Jim Geitgey (see page 10) Westin Oaks Hotel, 5011 Westheimer Social Period 5:30 p.m., Dinner and Meeting 6:30 p.m. Reservations made by name only, telephone 785-6402. Must be made or cancelled by noon Friday, October 5. OCTOBER 10, 1990 (Business Meeting) HGS ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS "The Proposed Commercial Hazardous Waste Incinera- tion Facility Located in Jacintoport Industrial Park in East Harris County Along the Houston Ship Channel" (see page 20) Kay Crouch Charlie's Hamburger Joint, 2222 Ella Blvd., about 1/4 mile south of the 610 Loop. 6:00p.m. (Buyyour own dinner) OCTOBER 16, 1990 (Dinner Meeting) HGS PERMIAN BASIN/MID-CONTINENT EXPLORATIONISTS "Geology of the Cottonwood Creek Field, Carter County, Oklahoma" Michael Roberts (see page 24) Westin Oaks Hotel, 5011 Westheimer Dinner and Meeting 5:30 p.m. . HGS Explorers "On Top of Ole Smoky," Clingman's Reservations made by name only, telephone 785-6402. Must Dome (see story on page 35). be made or cancelled by noon Monday, October 15. OCTOBER 17, 1990 (Dinner Meeting) HGS INTERNATIONAL EXPLORATIONISTS "Rift Basins of Chad" Gerard J. Genik (see page 14) Westin Oaks Hotel, 5011 Westheimer Social Period 5:30 p.m., Dinner and Meeting 6:30 p.m. Reservations by name only, telephone 785-6402. Must be made or cancelled by noon Monday, October 15. OCTOBER 31,1990 (Luncheon Meeting) "Eustatic and Salt-Tectonic Controls on Sequence Development, Northern East Texas Basin" . Ken Ehman (see page 10) Houston Club, 811 Rusk Social Period 11:30 a.m., Lunch and Meeting 12:00 noon. Reservations made by name only, telephone 785-6402. Must be made or cancelled by noon Monday, October 29.

SEMINARS, COURSES, AND ENTERTAINMENT OCTOBER 12, 1990 (Entertainment) HGS SHRIMP PEEL Knights of Columbus Hall, 607 East Whitney 5:30 p.m. (see page 32) OCTOBER 22-25, 1990 HGS FIELD TRIP "Holocene Carbonates of The South Florida Keys" (see page 12 for more information) OCTOBER 27,1990 (Education) HGS SHORT COURSE "Trap Analysis of Faults" Urban S. Allen (see page 37 for more information) Shell Oil Training Center, 3837 Bellaire Blvd. 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Explorers break up day hike with a swim in Abrams Creek near Cades Cove, Tenn.

Houston Geological Society Bulletin. October 1990 HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN Vol. 33, No. 2 October, 1990

BULLETIN COMMITTEE CONTENTS EDITOR: George E. Kronrnan, 556.4452 Amoco Production Co. MANAGING Jo Ann Locklin. 954-6262 DEPARTMENTS EDITORS: Texaco Sue van Gelder, 466-3348 President's Comments ...... 7 Consult~ngGeologist Society Meetings ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Evaluation of Untested Stratigraphic Traps in a Business Louis Bertoli, 968-6821 Pacific Enterprises Oil Co. Pleistocene Canyon-Fill Complex, Southwestern Louisiana, Computer Mark W. Hodson, 629-6600 JimGeitgey ...... 10 Marathon Editorial Mary Jo Klosterman, 973-3112 Eustatic and Salt-Tectonic Controls on Sequence Exxon lnternatlonal Development, Northern East Texas Basin, Ken Ehman ...... lo Mindy Kronman, 531.7424 Rice University Rift Basins of Chad, Gerard J. Genik ...... 14 Donna Davis, 961-0141X374 P.I. Exploration Systems Proposed Commercial Hazardous Waste Incineration Larry Levy, 728-0008 Facility Located in Jacintoport Industrial Park in LSL Resources J. Todd Stephenson, 556-2929 East Harris County Along the Houston Ship Channel Amoco Product~onCo. KayCrouch ...... 20 Janet B. Thornburg, 589-2640 Geologist Geology of the Cottonwood Creek Field, Environmental Glenn R. Lowenstein, 460-4015 Carter County, Oklahoma, Michael Roberts ...... 24 Geologist Events David C. Callaway, 584-3445 Arco Oil & Gas International Explorationists...... 14 Sandi Barber, 623-8000 XI545 Unocal On The Move ...... 15 Donna Fouch.Flores, 531-5135 Lou~s~anaLand & Explor. Co Environmental/Engineering Geologists ...... 20 Exploration B~llElsenhardt, 774-6669 Permian BasinIMid-Continent Explorationists ...... 24 Review Consulting Geologist International Hugh Hay-Roe. 358.5871 Geo-Events and Calendar ...... 33 Consultant Committee News...... 34 Planning Bruce L. Grethen, 940-4053 Sonat Exploration Co. AAPG Delegate Corner ...... 38 John Hefner, 468-9495 Consulting Geolog~st GCAGS News ...... 40 Technical William H. Roberts, 465-2228 Trader's Column ...... 45 Articles Hydrexco Company Nelson C. Steenland, 666-0266 Houston Geological Auxiliary...... 46 Geophys~cist Manuscripts, inquiries, or suggestions should be New Members ...... 49 directed to Editor, c/o HGS Bulletin, 7171 Harwin, Suite 314, Houston, TX 77036. Deadline for copy is six weeks Exploration Activity Review ...... 50 prior to publication. All copy must be typewritten and double-spaced on standard white paper. Line drawings and other illustrations must be photo-ready. If prepared PRICE SCHEDULE- RESERVATIONS POLICY on a word processor, please send a copy of the computer Reservations are made by calling the HGS office disc, preferably in e~therPagemaker or Ventura format. OCTOBER MEETINGS (785-6402). At the meeting, names are checked against Photographs submitted for publication are welcome, (Non-members: $2.00 to meal price) the reservation list. Those with reservations will be sold but cannot be returned. add the HGS Dinner Meeting tlckets ~mmed~ately.Those without reservations will be asked to wait for available seats, and a $2 ADVERTISING COMMITTEE Westin Oaks Hotel, Oct. 8...... $20.00 surcharge will be added to the price of the ticket. All Please call Permian BasinIMid-Continent who do not honor their reservations will be billed 785-2885 Explorationists for the price of the meal. If a reservation cannot be for information about advertising. Dinner Meeting kept, please cancel or send someone in your place. Westin Oaks Hotel, Oct. 16...... $20.00 International Explorationists Dinner Meeting Westin Oaks Hotel, Oct. 17...... $20.00 located at 7171 Harwin, Suite 314, Houston, HGS Luncheon Meeting Texas 77036. The telephone number is (713) 785-6402. Houston Club, Oct. 31 ...... $15.00

Houston Geolog~calSoclety Bullet~n,October 1990 Page 16 International Brief Deep Oil Prospects in Trinidad, Suhas C. Talukdar, Wallace G. Dow, and Krishna M. Persad 22 Environmental Review RCRA: A Historical Perspective, U.S. Ojfice of Solid Waste 25 Business of Geology Re-evaluating the Potential of Old Plays, Richard Nehring 29 Opinion Energy and Destiny: We Must Control Both, Michel T. Halbouty 42 Digital Digest Chainsaws and Computers: Parables on the Appropriate Use of Tools, Mark W. Hodson 44 Feature Article "Holographic" Science To Meet Energy Needs, Richard F. Tucker

COVER PHOTO Pleistocene coral from a quarry in San Salvador is shown in the photograph. Similar fossils will be viewed on the "Holocene Carbonates of South Florida" HGS field trip on October 22-25. See page 12 for more information.

- CORRECTIONS In the September Bulletin, the caption on page 1 should have read: Underwater photograph of the reef crest at Grecian Rocks, one of the outer platform-margin reefs which will be visited during the HGS Carbonate Field Trip to Florida this month. The reef crest is dominated by the large massive branching moosehorn coral, Acropora palmata. The water level over this layer is only one foot. On page 13, Gene Trowbridge's name was inadvertently left off the bottom left photo. I

FUTURE HGS MEETINGS AND EVENTS (November)

NOVEMBER 10, 1990 (HGS Field Trip) NOVEMBER 17,1990 (HGS Field Trip) "Core Analysis Laboratory; Special and Petrographic HGS ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING Facilities, Core Laboratories" GEOLOGISTS 5925 Hollister Road The Trinity River Basin (see page 12)

NOVEMBER 20,1990 (Dinner Meeting) NOVEMBER 12,1990 (Dinner Meeting) HGS PERMIAN BASIN/MID-CONTINENT "Sequence Stratigraphy of Plio-Pleistocene Strata in the EXPLORATIONISTS South Additions; Offshore Louisiana" "Wrench Faulting, Central Basin Platform, Texas" Jory Pacht Westin Oaks Hotel Westin Oaks Hotel NOVEMBER 21,1990 (Dinner Meeting) NOVEMBER 13,20 and 27,1990 (HGS Short Course) HGS INTERNATIONAL EXPLORATIONISTS "Resume Writing for the Technical Professions" "Tectonic and Stratigraphic Framework of East Yellow Jungman Branch, Houston Public Library Sea Basin: Implications for hydrocarbon exploration" Joe Lambaise Westin Oaks Hotel NOVEMBER 14,1990 (Business Meeting) HGS ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NOVEMBER 28,1990 (Luncheon Meeting) GEOLOGISTS "Structural Styles: Arkoma and Ardmore Basins and Committee Meeting Arbuckle Mountains" Charlie's Hamburger Joint, 2222 Ella Blvd., 6:30 p.m. William G. Brown (AAPG Distinguished Lecturer)

Houston Geolog~calSociety Bulletcn October 1990 HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 7171 Harwin. Suite 314 Houston. Texas 77036 (713) 785-6402

.EXECUTIVE BOARD . President ...... Ronald W . (Ron) Harlan. BHP Petroleum (Americas) Inc. President-Elect ...... Cyrus (Cy) Strong. Shell Western E&P Inc. Vice President ...... Patrick T . (Pat) Gordon. Arkla Exploration Secretary ...... Martin J . Oldani. Sandefer Oil & Gas Treasurer ...... DeniseM.Stone.AmocoProduction Executive Committeeman ('91) ...... Richard R. (Dick) McLeod. Independent Executive Committeeman ('91) ...... Joseph S. (Scott) Laurent. Preston Oil Executive Committeeman ('92) ...... Barbara P. Bentley. Amoco Production Executive Committeeman ('92) ...... Sam H . Peppiatt. Horizon Exploration - COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN - Academic Liaison ...... John Chronic. Consultant Advertising ...... W . Don Neville. Independent Arrangements ...... Doug Selvius. BHP Petroleum Awards ...... John Adamick. TGS Offshore Ballot ...... NancyT. Benthien. Marathon Oil Boy Scouts ...... Dan Helton. Natural Gas Pipeline Bulletin ...... George Kronman. Amoco Production Computer Applications ...... Bruce Grethen. Sonat Exploration Cont~nuingEducation ...... James R. (Jim) Lantz. Amoco Production Directory ...... Richard T . (Tom) Clark. Pennzoil Entertainment ...... Robert Ahlborn. Diversified Energy Mgmt. Environmental and Engineering ...... Robert B . (Bob) Rieser. Groundwater Technology Exhibits ...... Gerald A . (Jerry) Cooley. PetCons & Assoc Field Trips ...... Paul W . Britt. Elf Aquitaine Petroleum Finance ...... David A . Fontaine. Consultant Historical ...... David Shephard. Amoco Production International Explorationists ...... Pinar 0 . Yilmaz. Exxon Prod . Research Co . Library ...... Evelyn Wilie Moody. Consultant Membership ...... Bruce Falkenstein. Amoco Production Midland-Midcontinent Explorationists ...... Andrew C. (Andy) Lattu. Columb~aGas Nominations ...... Richard S. (Dick) Bishop. Exxon Prod . Research Co . Office Management ...... Gerald A . (Jerry) Cooley. PetCons & Assoc . Personnel Placement ...... Steven H . Brachman. Wintershall Energy Publications ...... William A . (Bill) Hill. ARC0 Oil & Gas Publication Sales ...... Thomas T . (Tom) Mather. Columbia Gas Public Relations ...... Gerald D . (Gerry) Prager. Energy Development Corp . Rememberances ...... Renee Elosegui. Petroleum Information Research ...... Kathy McDonald. Exxon Co.USA Technical Program ...... Patrick T . (Pat) Gordon. Arkla Exploration Transportation ...... Gaylon Freeman. BHP Petroleum - SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES - Advisor. Museum of Natural Science ...... Morgan J . Davis. Jr.. Consultant GCAGS Representative ...... Ronald W . (Ron) Harlan. BHP Petroleum GCAGS Alternate ...... Cyrus (Cy) Strong. Shell Western E & P AAPG Delegate Foreman ...... Carol M . Lucas. ARC0 Oil & Gas AAPG-DPA Representative ...... Daniel L. (Dan) Smith. Texoil Co . AAPG Group Insurance ...... Barbara & John D . Bremsteller Memorial Scholarship Board Cha~rman...... C. R . (Chuck) Noll. Jr.. New Bremen Corp . HGS Foundation ...... Merrill Haas. Consultant Engineering Council of Houston Representative ...... Claudia P. Ludwig. Consultant Houston Geotech Representative ...... F. Kenneth (Ken) Aitken. Pennzoil - HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL AUXILIARY - President ...... Mrs.Stuart(Mary)Folk President-Elect ...... Mrs. Jim (Kathryn) Bennett First Vice President (Social) ...... Mrs. P . W . Jim (Daisy) Wood Second Vice President (Membership) ...... Mrs. Richard (Janet) Steinmetz Third Vice President (HGS Rep.)...... Mrs. John (Edie) Frick Secretary ...... Mrs. Don (Gwen) Caussey Treasurer ...... Mrs.Bill(Fran)Roberts Historian ...... Mrs.Bruce(Susan)Forney Parlimentar~an...... Mrs-Jim(Jerry)Wheeler

The Houston Geolog~calSoc~ety Bullef. n IS publtshed monthly September through June by the Houston Geolog~calSociety 7171 Harwln Sulte 314 Houston Texas 77036 Subscrlpttan to the Bullet. n IS ~ncluded~n membersh~pdues ($18 00 annually) Subscr~pt~onprlce for non members wlthln the cantlguous U S 1s $18 00per year and $36 00per year for those outslde the contiguous U S S~nglecopyprtce 8s $2 50 Subscr~pt~onsrece~vedafterMarch 1 wlll beapplledto the rema~nderofthef~scalyear (endrng wlth theJune !ssue)andalso to the lollow~ngyear The Houston Geolaglcal Soc~etywasfoundedin 1923and ~ncorporated~n 1975 The Soclety sobject~vesaretastimulate~nterestandpramotetheadvancementaf geology In th~sarea to d~ssemndte and fac~l~tated~scuss~on of geologxal ~nformat~onand to enhance profess~onal~nterrelat~onsh~ps among geologists The Soclety mcludes over 5 000 members locally and publtshes specla1 sclentlflc publ~cat.ons In addttlon to a monthly Bullet.n The HGS also prowdes student scholarsh~psand contlnulng educafton programs for professdondl geolog!sts

Houston Geolog~calSoclety Bullettn . October 1990 4 "Support those who support our Society." MNI Petroleum Services, Inc. * * CORE ANALYSIS * * Professional, experienced analysts Sidewal I, conventional & unconsolidated analysis Servicing East Texas and the Gulf Coast Prompt, personalized service

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5 Houston Gcolog~alSociety Bullet,n October 1990 "Support those who support our Society."

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Houston Geological Soc~etyBullel~n. October 1990 6 PRESIDENT'S COMMENTS

Since last month, America's role in the protection and distribution of the world's energy supply has expanded significantly. Only time willdetermine how this energy crisis willbe resolved. Any comment on a situation that records dramatic changes daily would be inappropriate, even if I knew of something sage to say. . However, this sudden turn of events causes each of us to reflect on the importance of a dependable and affordable. energy supply. Remember after Hurricane Alicia when you or someone you know spent several days without power? Remember the gasoline shortage and the anxiety we felt when our cars' gauges fell below the 1/2 mark? Affordable energy is the essence of the quality of our lives that we all hold so dear. Every American has a huge stake in our recent energy crisis. Because most of our membership devoted our careers to the petroleum industry, we hold a special stake. We all desire a quick and peaceful resolution, but this outcome is not assured. Even though shortages have not occurred, we've all noted an increase in the price of oil. While this sounds friendly to a battered oil and gas industry, the long-term effect on our oil-thirsty nation (where imports exceed production) is less than friendly, especially if the price should soar. Our national deficit and inflation would likely soar as well. Do you remember when we began stockpiling oil in the National Petroleum Reserve at a cost of more than $30 per barrel? Why did we stop when the price fell to $15 per barrel? Maybe Star Wars was more important than purchasing cheap oil, or maybe it was because money spent at home in defense build-up created West Coast jobs. Or, maybe we reallybelievedthe MiddleEastwould remain stable and benevolent indefinitely.' If we get through this crisis and continue to enjoy bountiful quantities of cheap energy, willwe be any wiser concerning our national energy policy or lack thereof? The real question is: What will YOU and I do about this problem? * * * * * * * * * *

I wish to take this opportunity to welcome the Permian Basin and Mid- Continent group of explorationists to the HGS fold. Because a number of oil and gas companies consolidated their exploration activities in Houston during the last two years, our membership now includes a number of explorationists who explore in the Permian Basin and Mid-Continent area every day. Andy Lattu (Columbia Gas Development) perceived the need and made arrangements for these explorationists to meet and share their geological knowledge on the third Tuesday of each month. Several outstanding talks have been scheduled for your benefit, so join old friends and meet new friends at these meetings. October is a very busy month for HGS members. Besides the five regularly scheduled technical meetings, we willoffer a short course and John Gorman has arranged another Shrimp Peel (October 12th). Remember, the Shrimp Peel is held jointly with the Geophysical Society, so you may want to make up a party. * * * * * * * * * *

Gaylon Freeman (Transportation Committee) has arranged bus transportation to the GCAGS convention (October 17 - 19)in Lafayette. Why not enjoy the safety, refreshments and fellowship provided by this service? Meet me in Lafayette,

/fth7 ~ Ron Harlan

7 Houston Geological Society Bulletin, October 1990 GCAGS GCSISEPM 101 Technical Papers, I00 Plus Exhibitors in 42,000 Posters & Core Sessions sq. f?. CAJUNDOME 5 Short Courses 7 BIG Social & Spouse Events 3 Field Trips Golf-Tennis-5K Run Al E. Gator sez: "Take planes, trains, automobiles -and pirogues to . . .9, he Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies and The Gulf Coast Section of SEPM 40th ANNUAL CONVENTION

Lafayette, Louisiana October 17-19, 1990 Hosted by the Lafayette Geological Society

L iHouston Geological Soclety Bullet~n,October 1990 "Support those who support our Society." A World of Opportunities

Oryx Energy Company Our Goal is Growth. Our Method is Excellence.

9 Houston Geological Society Bulletin, October 1990 MEETINGS NOTE RESERVATION POLICY HGS DINNER MEETING- OCTOBER 8, 1990 ON PAGE 2 JAMES E. GEITGEY-Biographical Sketch Jim Geitgey, with were encountered. Examination of the well location on ARCO Oil and Gas Com- seismic data indicates that the #1 well T.D.'d in the canyon pany, is currently complet- flank, updip (presently) from and laterally adjacent to the ing a two-year staff assign- high-amplitude events. The interpretation is that the oil ment as Coordinator, Ex- saturated section penetrated in the #1 well is representative ploration Recruiting and of the seal facies, deposited along the flank of the canyon. Training at the company's The integrated analysis outlined above suggests that headquarters in Dallas. He the highest amplitude events identified in the seismic data graduated with B.S. and are associated with hydrocarbon-bearing turbidite sands M.S. degrees in Geology deposited within a submarine canyon-fill sequence. How- from the Ohio State Uni- ever, concerns about reservoir quality and heterogeneities, versity. as wellas total reserve size of the accumulations, led ARCO Mr. Geitgey joined to elect to not test the turbidite sands. ARCO Oil and Gas Com- pany in 1984 and completed an initial assignment at HGS LUNCHEON MEETING- the company's PIano facility. In.1986 he was assigned as an OCTOBER 31, 1990 Exploration Geologist to ARCO's Southern District officein KENNETH D. EHMAN (Speaker)- Houston. During three years in Houston he worked in the Offshore Plio-Pleistocene group, on Louisiana shelf and Biographical Sketch deep-water projects, as well as the Miocene group of Dr. Kenneth D. Offshore Texas. Ehman's interest in geology began at a very early age EVALUATION OF UNTESTED STRATIGRAPHIC when his father, Don TRAPS IN A PLEISTOCENE CANYON-FILL Ehman of ARCO, would COMPLEX, OFFSHORE LOUISIANA come back from summer field seasons in the Arctic Eugene Island Block 390, located approximately 100 miles offshore Louisiana, was acquired by ARCO Oil and with stories and pictures of Gas Company in 1983 in order to test upper Pleistocene spectacular outcrops. A amplitude anomalies located on the faulted northwest flank native of Michigan, Kenn of a diapiric salt structure. While drillinghas established the has spent most of his lifein , CaliforniaandTexas. Kenn presence of oil and gas in that original objective section, an received his B.S. degree in attempt to delineate further reserve potential on the block Earth Sciences from the was made by evaluating additional amplitude anomalies located downflank, in an adjacent syncline. University of California, Santa Cruz in 1980 where Seismic stratigraphic analysis indicates that the anomalies are located within' the confines of an erosionally he was first introduced to the geology of the Great Basin. He incised submarine-canyon complex, approximately three went on to study problems of stratigraphy and Paleozoic miles wide and five hundred feet deep. A number of high- orogenesis in northern Nevada and received a Ph.D. from the University of California, Davis in 1985. amplitude events located in the upper portion of the fill Kenn joined Exxon Production Research Company in complex are indicative of relatively coarser-grained sandstone bodies, in contrast to the majority of the fillwhich is 1985 and is currently a Senior Research Geologist in the thought to be fine-grained. In map view the high-amplitude Basin Tectonics and Sediment Fill research group. Since events are axially-elongated, dip-trending bodies that were joining Exxon, he has worked on a variety of projects deposited laterally adjacent to one another. including a hydrocarbon migration study in the East Texas Velocity and density data for equivalent shales, and Basin, an integrated regional geologic study of the western water, oil, and gas-bearing sands in offsetting wells were United States, and a detailed study of the basin fill and used as input for simple two-dimensional modeling of tectonic evolution of the Ridge Basin, the classic example of amplitude strength and character. The modeling suggests a "wrench basin" in southern California. Presently, Kenn is that the highest amplitude events in the canyon-fillsequence involved in a detailed study of the Ivishak Sandstone, the main reservoir at Prudhoe Bay. are most similar in character to models of hydrocarbon- bearing sands, not thick water-bearing sands. Additionally, JAMES M. DEMAREST (Co-author)- amplitude versus offset analysis of the highest amplitudes is Biographical Sketch positive for the presence of hydrocarbons. In the deepest portions of ARCO's #1 well, stratigraph- Jim received his Ph.D. and M.S. degrees from the ically below their original objective, approximately fifty net University of Delaware in 1981 and 1978 respectively. His feet of oil saturated but very low permeability silt and shale primary area of study was nearshore to coastal stratigraphy

H"uston Geological Society Bulletin, October 1990 10 and how Pleistocene sea level change has influenced Geological Society of America stratigraphic development. During the last nine years with Exxon Production Research as a seismic stratigrapher, with assignments in Houston and Stavanger, Norway, Jim has worked in areas as diverse as seismic modelling, facies prediction, frontier exploration, field development with 3-D seismic, secondary migration research, and basin analysis. In April, 1990, Jim accepted a position with Santa Fe Energy Resources. as District Geolo~ist- in the International District. where he is responsible for geologic evaluation of exploration opportunities worldwide. Dallas, ?exas ' October 29- November 1 EUSTATIC AND SALT-TECTONIC CONTROLS ON SEQUENCE DEVELOPMENT, Registration and Housing Information Available NORTHERN EAST TEXAS BASIN August 1 Detailed log and seismic interpretation of the Technical Program Schedule Available Woodbine/Eagle Ford interval in the vicinity of the Haines- September 1 ville Dome of east Texas resulted in the recognition of Preregistration Due salt-tectonic and eustatic controls on depositional pat terns. September 28 Major cycles of transgression and regression within this interval correspond to eustatic cycles recognized world- Symposia, theme and discipline sessions wide. The Late Cenomanian lowstand resulted in the Technical and scientific exhibits deposition of fluvial Woodbine sandstones above the marine Maness Shale (93 Ma). Transgressive and highstand marine Field trips, short courses, workshops shales of the Eagle Ford rest above the fluvial Woodbine Call for Information Today sands. A Late Turonian sequence boundary (90 Ma) separates the highstand shales of the Eagle Ford from the GSA Meetings Department lowstand and transgressive marine sands and shales of the P.O. Box 9140 Sub-Clarksville. The section is capped by the transgressive Boulder, CO 80301 Austin Chalk. Between the Woodbine (92 Ma) and the (303) 447-2020 Sub-Clarksville (90 Ma), the Hainesville Salt Dome evolved from a nonpiercement to a piercement salt dome. This evolution of the Hainesville dome caused the area adiacent to the present-day dome to change from astructural high to a rapidly subsiding basin adjacent to the dome. With the I rapid loss of salt into the piercement dome around 92 Ma, conditions adjacent to the dome changed from subaerial i ! AWG onlapping of the Woodbine fluvial facies to distal down- lapping of the Eagle Ford marine shales into the center of the Hainesville withdrawal syncline. Thus, the detailed timing of ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN salt movement is recorded in the thickness and facies distribution around the salt dome within the context of major global eustatic cycles. RnnOunFIment Lois Ongley IS HONORED 0s HOUSTON~SRW~ "Women Who Made A Differencew at the FEDERRTION OF HOUSTON PROFESSIONRL WOMEN - 1990 RWRROS BRNOUET OCT 2 - 6~00-k00JANET BAUDER THORNBURG 'DEPOSITIONAL ENUIRDNMEMS RND SEfl LEVEL CHRNGES INTHE 9FTELEDYNE PERMIRN PHOSPHDRIR ROCK COMPLEH, SOUTHWESTERN MONTRNR" At - 12 Greenway Plaza 11th Floor ste. 1100 6:OO-8:00 PM Dlnner and Speaker EXPLORATION S 12.00 Student--SlS.OO Member--$17.00 Guest add $3.00 for Checks postmarked after SEPT. 27

Meetings are the flrst Tuesday of each month. JOINUS AS A MEMBER OR GUEST AND BRING FRIENDS! ...... RETURN BY -CHECK PAYABLE TO AWG FOR OCT.2, MEETING TO: HOUSTON: 5825 Chimney Rock Rd. - Box 36269 FLORENCE ARYA, 818 IVY WALL, HOU..TX 77079, (71 3) 496-0864 Houston, TX. 77236 (713) 666-2561 - NAME ADDRESS Tel. - Fax (713) 666-5017 PHONE I -$12.00 STUDENT -1 15.00 MEMBER -$17.00 GUEST

Houston Geological Soclety Bullet~n October 1990 HGS FIELD TRIPS*

HOLOCENE CARBONATES OF SOUTH FLORIDA

DATE & LOCATION: Monday, October 22 - Thursday, October 25, 1990, Florida Keys SCOPE OF TRIP: Holocene shallow-marine carbonate sedimentary facies of the South Florida Platform serve as one of the classical models for hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. The goal of this field trip is to systematically evaluate changes in facies and reservoir potential from the outer edge of the South Florida Platform to Florida Bay. You will examine via snorkeling in shallow water the following environments: classical outer platform margin reef systems; back-reef oolitic-skeletal grainstones, platform-interior patch reefs, a skeletal-mud mound at Tavernier Key, and impressive mud banks of Florida Bay. These environments will be related to comparable ancient facies and pertinent petroleum case studies. A Pleistocene reef exposed in a quarry on Windley Key will also be examined at the end of the field trip. TRIP LEADER: Dr. Jeffrey Dravis, Dravis Interests, Inc. (529-9028) COST: $400.00 Participants must provide their own snorkeling gear, including a personal safety floatation device.

CORE ANALYSIS LABORATORY; ROUTINE, SPECIAL, AND PETROGRAPHIC FACILITIES

DATE & LOCATION: Saturday, November 10,8:30 - 12:30, Core Laboratories Facility, 5295 Hollister Road, ousto on. SCOPE OF TRIP: This trip is designed to familiarize the participant with the analysis processes applied to sidewall and conventional cores. The tour will view the Houston Core Lab facility, which has three labs that specialize in routine, special, and petrographic core analysis. The Routine Analysis Lab is where tests are made for porosity, permeability, and fluid saturations. In the Special Analysis Lab, tests are done to determine electrical measurements, fluid sensitivity, and simulated overburden conditions. The Reservoir Geological Lab is where thin section, X-ray diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscope work is done. Each lab will be presented by its respective Core Lab specialist. COST: $2.00 in advance, $4.00 at the door. Refreshments and snacks will be provided. Maps will be mailed to early registrants. Registration limited to the first 40 applications.

THE TRINITY RIVER BASIN (ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS) DATE & LOCATION: Saturday, November 17,1990; assemble in the parking lot of the Holiday Inn, at 7:3O a.m., located at the Mercury Drive Exit of I-lOE, just east of the 610 East Loop. SCOPE OF TRIP: Trinity River flood of May, 1990, Geology of the Beaumont Formation, as well as the general geology of the Coastal Plain, entrenchment of the Beaumont and Deweyville, deep sea fans constructed in the Gulf during lowstands, Holocene Delta of the Trinity River, impact of the Galveston-Trinity Bay oil spill, proposed toxic waste facility near Liberty, Wallisville US Corps of Engineers salt water intrusion project, Spanish Mission/Presidio near Wallisville. SPEAKERS: Rufus LeBlanc, Sr.; Saul Aronow, Lamar University; Carl Norman, University of Houston; DeWitt Van Siclen, Consulting Geologist; Dick Gregg, Shell Oil Company; Mark Hainley, Emergency Coordinator for Chambers Co., Anahuac for May 1990 flood. COST: $30 HGS members, $40 non-members A lunch and soft drinks will be provided. $40 late registration, after November 5, 1990.

*See Registration form on page 13.

Hdslon Geolog~calSoclety Bullet~n,October 1990 HGS FIELD TRIP REGISTRATION FORM

NAME: Check appropriate boxes for registration.

ADDRESS: Core Analysis Laboratory; Routine, Special, and Petro- graphic Facilities (see page 12)

Holocene Carbonates of South Florida (see page 12) PHONE (home) The Trinity River Basin (see page 12) PHONE (work)

Enclose check payable to HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Return with this form to: Houston Geological Society, 7171 Harwin, Suite 314, Houston, Texas 77036

****** HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETV MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION ** 1990 ** 1 PLEASE PRINT M HGS PROCESSING ONLY

UST NAME FIRST lNlTlAL MEMBERSHIP CHAIRMAN: TM mrnt b. endomod bl hro Ktlw men. Nw(pcinl): S~gnature: EXECUTIVE BOARD: Nam (pW): S~gnature

Ma¶ DmmumY. YEYnERIW FILE To the EXECUTIVE BOARD: I hereby apply for membership in the HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY and pledge myself to abide by its Constitution LSINAME FIRST INIIIAL NICKNAME and Bylaws. ACTIVE COMPANV POSITION OA TllLE In order to be eligible for active membership, you shall: (1) have a degree in geology or an STATE ZIP CODE COMPANY PHONE I cMIp*NV MAILING AWRESS CITY allfed science from a recognized college or university and shall be directly engaged in the f WE *WAEES CITY STATE ZIP ram WEPHONE ~PPIicatfon of geology or shall (2) have been engaged In geological work during at least the Y- - := preceding 5 years. ipY g- ASSOCIATE 1"--~*)(I*L AAPQ: ACTIVE OTHER:' AFR~UTK~S O- In order to be eligible for associate membership, PREFERRED HOME o you shall (1) be directly involved with the SPOUSES NAME MAILING ADDRESS BUS o application of the earth or allied sciences or (2) be a student enrolled in geology or a related OUTLINE OF EXPERIENCE: science in a recognized college or university --- granting degrees in earth sciences. Annual dues, $18 must accompany Sin8Wfe application. Full-time students who Houston Geological Society are associate members may pay only one-half of regularannualdues. HGS 7171 Harwin. Suite 314 operates on a fiscal year: July 1 - MTE June 30. Houston, Texas 77036

-~ -~-- -

13 Houston Geolog~calSoc~ety Bullet~n. October 1990 INTERNA TIONAL EXPLORA TIONISTS

Chairperson'sColumn Most of us have heard of W. Edwards Deming. He NOTE RESERVATION POLICY vitalized the Japanese industry in the 1950's by using quality . ON PAGE 2 and continuous improvement concepts. The U.S. business community has taken up Deming's work in the 80's. Ford Motor Company advertises that "Quality is Job #1". As HGS INTERNATIONAL EXPLORATIONISTS defined by Deming, quality is achieved through the never- COMMITTEE 1990-1991 MEETINGS ending improvement of the customer needs. Customer satisfaction is the ultimate goal. Management is responsible All meetings will be at Westin Oaks Hotel in the for the process and is charged with continuously improving Galleria. it. We will meet every third Wednesday of September Management is improving the quality process in many -November and January - May, except for two months: ways. One is by empowerment, allowing creativity and February 13 and March 6, 1991. innovation to vitalize the way they look at business. Webster's Thesaurus gives the following synonyms for these words. Create: bring about, cause, design, engender, INTERNATIONAL EXPLORATIONISTS fashion, form, formulate, generate, invent, make, originate, DINNER MEETING-OCTOBER 17, 1990 produce, appoint, ordain, etc.. Innovation: addition, GERARD JULIAN GENIK-Biographical Sketch alteration, change, introduction, invention, modification, newness, novelty, remodeling, variation, etc.. Geologists Gerry started his geo- are creative and innovative. The science requires it. A logical career in 1947work- geologist originates ideas, formulates concepts and develops ing summers as a miner for techniques to solve complex exploration and production Sherritt Gordon Mines problems. Plate tectonics theory and its corollaries could Ltd., then as a field geolo- not be developed without creativity. gist for the Canadian and Some of the decade's significant discoveries are in Manitoba government geo- mature areas with established plays. Utilization of advanced logical surveys. He obtain- exploration techniques made the difference. Last year's ed a B.Sc. in Honors technical presentations on Thayyem field, Syria; San'a 'Geology from the Univer- Basin, Yemen and Peatl River Mouth Basin, Offshore China sity of Manitoba in 1951 are some examples. As we look at exploration plays in and an M.Sc. from the Mongolia, Chad and offshore Korea, we'llsee more evidence same school in 1953. of creative and innovative methods of the international He joined Imperial Oil explorationists. Limited in Calgary in 1952 PINAR O. YILMAZ working field geology and wellsite. From 1955 until 1983 he had broad ranging foreign Reference: Gitlow, H. 5., and Gitlow, S. J., 1987, The Deming Guide to experience holding various geological positions with several Quality and Competitive Position, Prentice-Hall Inc., 247p. Exxon affiliates in Colombia, Canada, France, Algeria, Spain and England, working primarily the regional geology of circum-Mediterranean and African basins. INTERNATIONAL EXPLORATIONISTS From 1983 to the present he has concentrated on COMMITTEE MEMBERS 1990-1991 African exploration with Exxon Company International in Chairperson & Technical Program: Houston. Currently, as Geological Scientist, he focuses on Pinar Yilmaz, Exxon Prod. Res. Co...... 966-6033 Niger, Chad, Gabon and Tanzania. Hotel and A/V Arrangements: George Tappan, RIFT BASINS OF CHAD Geoservices International...... 358-4061 Ten Cretaceous- Tertiary rift basins in Niger, Chad and Ticket Reservations and Finances: the Central African Republic (C.A.R.) are defined and their Don Young, Petro Val 783-1248 petroleum geology is overviewed. This paper is based on Membership: proprietary exploration results derived from more than one Kumar Bhattacharjee, million square kilometers of aeromagnetics, 10,520 line Sita Oil Exploration House...... 999-6957 kilometers of gravity profiles, 49,721 kilometers of reflection For ticket reservations please call HGS 785-6402. seismic and 50 exploration wells. The data were acquired by

Houston Geological Society Bulletin. October 1990 14 Exxon with partners Shell, Chevron, Elf, Conoco, Texaco APGE EXPLORES and Amax Oil Gas Inc. during the years 1969-1989. THE BERING SEA, ALASKA The ten rift basins described make up a major part of Rice University, October 15, 1990 the Western and Central African rift system which extends 4,000 kilometers from Mali to Kenya. This system is divided The Houston chapter of the Association of Petroleum into two subsystems, West African and Central African. Geochemical Explorationists (APGE) is pleased to The former subsystem traverses Niger, Chad, Nigeria and announce that its October presentation will be given by Mali; the latter subsystem crosses Chad, C.A.R., Sudan and Mike Abrams of Exxon Company USA. Mike will discuss Kenya. "Geophysical and geochemical evidence for sub- In Niger and Chad, the West African rift subsystem surface hydrocarbon leakage in southern Bering Sea, includes the extensional basins of Termit, Tefidet, Tenere, Alaska."The talk emphasizes the importance of integrating GreinIKafra, N'Djel Edji and Bongor. These rift basins near-surface geochemical data with seismic data for contain up to 15,000 meters of Cretaceous to Cenozoic maximum information about the nature and origin of the continental and marine clastics. Key exploration elements hydrocarbons. The presentation will be given on Monday, are Tertiarv and Cretaceous fluvial to tidal sandstone October 15 at 4:00 PM in Room 106 of the Rice University reservoirs, Tertiary and Cretaceous marine to lacustrine Geology Building. Attendance is free and open to all shale source rocks and seals, with traps in normal fault interested persons. Due to possible last minute class blocks and anticlinal closures. There are six oil discoveries scheduling changes at Rice, we ask potential attendees to in the Termit basin. call 546-4028 or 785-6402 during the week before the talk to In C.A.R., the Central African rift subsystem incorpo- confirm meeting time and place. rates the extensional Doba and transtensional Doseo and Salamat basins flanking the Borogop dextral wrench fault. These basins contain up to 7,500 meters of chiefly Creta- ceous continental clastics. Key exploration elements are Lower and Upper Cretaceous fluvial to lacustrine sandstone reservoirs, Lower Cretaceous lacustrine shale source rocks, lacustrine to flood plain shale and mudstone seals, with ON THE MOVE traps in mainly faulted anticlinal closures. There are six oil discoveries in the Doba Basin and three in the Doseo Basin. Susan M. van Gelder has joined L. A. Martin and Associates as a geological consultant for a joint venture field The studied petroleum geology in the rifts of Niger, development project in Western Siberia. Previously geo- Chad, and the C.A.R. indicates that potentially commercial logical consultant, Sonat Exploration Co., Houston. volumes of oil remain to be discovered. Pittman Calhoun to Exploration Geophysicist, Cougar Exploration, an affiliate of Paramount Oil Co., Jackson, Mississippi. Previously, geophysicist, Hughes DALLAS SOCIETY PLANS Eastern Petroleum. DIPMETER PUBLICATION Ray Whitman to associate attorney in the Commercial Litigation and Oil & Gas Sections of Elkins & Yount, The Dallas Geological Society is soliciting dipmeter Houston. Previously, Consulting Geologist, R. Brewer and interpretation papers for a planned book tentatively entitled Dipmeter Casebook. Company, Inc., Houston. For additional information contact: Dale 0. Reese Marilyn M. Gruebel to Geologist/Engineer, Tech (214) 991-9117 Office (214) 387-1482 Home, or Robert W. Reps, Inc., Albuquerque, NM. Previously, Senior Geologist, Richter (214) 670-2883. Enron Oil & Gas, Houston.

DESCO OIL COMPANY

Seeking Oil and Gas Prospects for Participation 5934 Bingle ~d,. oust on, TX 77092 Tel.: (7131 462-7847 Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast 1. Standard Geological Mud Logging 2. Total Computer Loggmg Service Contact: 3. Pressure Evaluation R. L. (Dick) Davis 4. Wellsite Geolog~st (713) 461-3566 Jackie Small. President Ned Cobb, V.P.

Houston Geologvxl Soclety Bullet~n.October 1990 -- -- - 1NTERNATlONAL BRlEF

DEEP OIL PROSPECTS IN TRINIDAD*

By Suhas C. Talukdar and Wallace G. Dow, DGSI Krishna M. Persad, Petroleum Consultants Trinidad, Ltd.

INTRODUCTION some immediate exploration questions: (1) "Can oils be Oil and gas accumulations in Trinidad occur in both present in these areas?" (2) "Should we drill to greater onshore and offshore areas, mainly to the south of the depths to find it?" In this brief note we show how geo- Central Range (Figure 1). The Columbus Subbasin off the chemistry provides incentives for deep drilling for oil in the east coast contains both oil and gas-condensate fields, but offshore Columbus Subbasin. only gas-condensate deposits were discovered in its deeper Prolific oil source rocks were deposited in marine offshore areas. North of the Central Range, gas discoveries environments during the Late Upper Cretaceous along the were made along the trend of the Carupano Uplift off the entire passive margin of the northern and northwestern north coast of Trinidad and within the Caroni Subbasin. South American continent in what is now Trinidad, The lack of oil in the eastern Columbus Subbasin, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Foreland basin where only gas-condensate deposits are known, poses *Published with permission of DGSI, The Woodlands. TX

Figure 1: Oil and gas fields and subbasins of Trinidad and offshore areas.

Houston Geological Society Bulletmn. October 1990 16 conditions developed during the Oligocene-Miocene period Evolution of Oil and Condensate as a result of the oblique collision of the Caribbean Plate Alteration processes that changed the composit~onof with the South American Plate. The fold-thrust belt of the oils in Trinidad include thermal maturation, microbial de- Central Range formed as a result of Middle Miocene gradation; water-washing, and evaporative fractionation. deformation. During the post-sutural stage in the Pliocene- The first three are widely recognized processes, but Pleistocene, embankment took place off the east coast of evaporative fractionation, as first defined by Thompson Trinidad, depositing very thick suites of deltaic and associ- (1987), is less well known. It leads to oils and condensates ated sediments. Syndepositional structures, as well as with abnormally high concentrations of light aromatic and wrenchand other associated structures, were developed at naphthenic hydrocarbons relative to paraffins in oils that are this time. simultaneously depleted in light ends. Progressive gas loss Most earlier workerssuggested that the oilsof Trinidad from gas-saturated oil is suggested as the mechanism. are of asingle genetic type (Leonard, 1983; Ames and Ross, A gas chromatogram (GC) of an unaltered, original oil 1956; Ross and Ames, 1988; Rodrigues, 1988). With the from Trinidad is shown in Figure 2A. Biodegradation has exception of Leonard (1983),all also considered the Upper affected many of the Trinidad oils from depths between 800 Cretaceous shales and limestone of the Na~arimaHill and and 7,500 feet, and is recognized by extensive removal of Gautier Formations as the most likely source. Our work n-alkanes and isoprenoids (Figure 2B). An anomalous indicates that oil generation and expulsion from Upper feature in many of the biodegraded oils is an abundance of Cretaceous source formations took place mainly during the light hydrocarbons which biodegradation and water- Late Upper Miocene-Pliocene. Excellent reservoir sands washing should have removed completely. This can be accumulated within the Oligo-Miocene through Pleistocene explained by introduction of natural gas or condensates that formations and structural traps developed during the were introduced into already biodegraded heavy oils. Oils Pliocene-Pleistocene wrench tectonics. that are neither original nor biodegraded show a characteristic deltoid profile in the n-alkane distribution, where the dominant n-alkane is commonly between nC6 and nC15. This appears to indicate partial light-end loss (Figure 2C). Figure 3 was used by Thompson (1987) to classify oils and condensates according to four types of alteration processes. High paraffinicity (F value) indicates thermal ECL STRATIGRAPHIC SERVICES LTD. We are a UK-based consultancy (formerly Stratigraphic Services International) operating worldwide. B - BIOOLGRADED OIL We offer a full range of services in PLUS CONDENSATE Biostratigraphy, Sedimentology, Log Analysis and Geochemistry. For services contact: John Shorthouse - Managing Director Ray Bate - Marketing and Director Lesley Sheppard - Director Janice Weston - Manager Biostratigraphy Dave Jutson - Manager Software Development Deryck Bayliss - Manager Sedimentology Gareth Archard - Head Log Analysis C - PARTIAL LIGHT END LOSS Mark Bagge - Manager ECL Geochemical Consultants We provide quality integrated exploration and development reports using USA software pack- ages for biostratigraphy and geochemistry. Address: Chancellor Court Surrey Research Park Guildford, Surrey GU2 5YL England Tel: (0483) 506605 Figure 2: Capillary Column Gas Chromatograms of oils Telex: 859032 SSI UK G from Trinidad. Fax: (0483) 31106 (A) An original oil (B) A biodegraded oil plus condensate (C) An altered oil that partially lost light hydrocarbons

Houston Geolog~calSac~ety Bullet~n. October 1990 maturity and the opposite is due to biodegradation. High Impact on Deep Exploration aromaticity (Bvalue) is caused by evaporative fractionation Gas-condensatesare common in offshore Trinidad and and the reverse by water-washing. Light ends from bio- are predominant in the eastern half of the Columbus degraded oils have both low Band F values. This plot clearly Subbasin. They are found in reservoirs at relatively shallow shows that lower-molecular-weight hydrocarbons in many depths and within younger stratigraphic and higher struct- Trinidad oils and condensates are increased in aromatics ural levels compared to most crude oils. These gas- and hence owe their origin to evaporative fractionation in condensates appear to be derived through the process of the gas phase. evaporative fractionation and are neither mature gas- Some Trinidad oils exhibit biodegradation of the light condensates as Leonard (1983) believed, nor were they ends (Figure 3) and loss of normal paraffins. Others have derived from a more terrestrial organic facies. as Barker lost their heavier normal paraffins through biodegradation (1979) suggested. but have abundant, aromatic-rich light ends due to mixing The Columbus Subbasin shows evidence of very high with later migrating evaporative gas condensates. A very rates of subsidence and heating during hydrocarbon few are thermally mature (Figure 3). generation. As a result, Upper Cretaceous source rocks The history of oils in Trinidad is quite complex. A few generated oil during the Late Upper Miocene-Pliocene and oils retained their original composition, but most were went through the gas generation phase very rapidly during affected by biodegradation, mixing and evaporative frac- the Pleistocene. Active tectonic conditions prevailed tionation. An early phase of biodegradation removed most throughout the Pliocene-Pleistocene. Faults developed of the n-alkanes and isoprenoids from some oils, and a later during this period and provided avenues for vertical migra- phase affected the light hydrocarbons that mixed with tion of deep thermal gas into overlying oil (earlier-migrated) earlier biodegraded oils. Evaporative fractionation changed reservoirs. The gas selectively removed light hydrocarbons the composition of many of the oils. It was caused by from the oils and led to tertiary migration and accu!nulation migration of gas into oil pools and subsequent loss of of evaporative gas-condensates in shallower reservoirs. selected hydrocarbons in gaseous solution from these oils. Evaporative gas-condensates in the region implies the

A Evaporative fract ionation

B Maturation

C Water washing

D Original oils

8 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2-8

n-Heptane/methylcyclohexane (F)

Figure 3: Toluene/n-Heptane (aromaticity) versus n-Heptane/ methylcyclohexane (paraffinicity) for oils from Trinidad

Houslon Geoloq~calSociety Bullettn. October 1990 18 existence of deeper residual oils and possibly thermal gas- condensates and gas deposits at even greater depths. Exploration for deeper targets therefore looks very Biostratigrapherl promising. Micropaleontologist

REFERENCES BP Exploration is inviting applications forthe position of Micropaleontologist in our Houston organization. The Ames, R. L., and L. M. Ross, 1986, Petroleum geochemistry successful candidate will be a self-starting innovator applied to oil field development, offshore Trinidad: with at least an MS in Geology or a related subject and Trans. First Geological Conference of the Geological 5-10 years industrial experience focused on the Gulf of Society of Trinidad and Tobago, p. 227-236. Mexico. Familiarity with the stratigraphic and Barker, C., 1979, Organic geochemistry in petroleum paleonenvironmentalapplications of Neogene planktics exploration: AAPG Continuing Education Course Note and benthics is essential. Use of computer-based bio- Series #lo, 159 p. stratigraphic techniques will be an asset, as will a firm Leonard, R., 1983, Geology and hydrocarbon accumu- graspof the sequence approach tostratigraphicanalysis. lations, Columbus Basin, Offshore Trinidad: Bull. We offer competitive salaries and a comprehensive AAPG, v. 67, p. 1081-1093. benefits padtage. For consideration, please submit your Petroleum Consultants Trinidad Limited, 1989, Treatise resume and salary history to: of Trinidad, Petroleum - Atlas of Stratigraphy, v. 1-4. Rodrigues, K., 1988, Oil source bed recognition and BP Exploration crude oil correlation, Trinidad, West Indies: in Ad- Attn: EBDUIHR vances of Organic Geochemistry, 1987, Org. P.O. Box 4587 Geochem. 13, n. 1-3, p. 365-371. TX 77210 Ross, L. M., and R. L. Ames, 1988, Stratification of oils in Houston, Columbus basin off Trinidad: Oil and Gas Journal, Sept. 26, 1988, p. 72-76. BP EXPLORATION Thompson, K. F. M., 1987, Fractionated aromatic petro- leums and the generation of gas-condensates: Org. Iwe mm n.qud oppor~nity nnployr, ~fm. Geochem. v. 2, n.6, p. 573-590. ~~puyingrHw@--. Your Search Is Over. 7 With Just One Phone Call. Only Petroleum Information offers you the most complete collection of well logs - some 2.4 million are available from our extensive log archives. And, only PI has a proven log accumulationlretrievalnet- work in place, right now. So, If you're searching for a particular log, PI either has it, or we'll find it. And, you'll know within 24 hours - guaranteed. So, don't spend your valuable time searching for a hard-to-find log - let PI do the search for you with Logsearch. Because the fact is, the log you're looking for may never have been released, or it was overlooked when your file was first assembled. It's even possible you're looking at a location for which there were no logs filed. C Now, if you call PI requesting a log and it's not in our file, we'll institute Logsearch. Within 24 hours of your inquiry, PI will notify you whether or not the log is available, and if so, when it will be on your desk. And remember, all logs are available either in hard copy or monthly microfiche updates. Don't waste another minute searching for missing data. Call the industry's most complete well Log resource, today. Call Petroleum Information. Midland, TX (915) 682-059 1 Bakersfield, CA (805) 398-0551 Houston, TX (7 13) 688-2999 Denver, CO (303)740-7 100 Customers in Texas can call toll free 1-800-592-1424 petdurn ~nformatm lm &%?'-m PO. Box 2612, Denver, CO 80201-2612

19 Houston Geological Soc~etyBullet~n. October 1990 ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS

HGS ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING THE PROPOSED COMMERCIAL HAZARDOUS COMMITTEE DINNER MEETING WASTE INCINERATION FACILITY LOCATED IN OCTOBER 10, 1990 JACINTO PORT INDUSTRIAL PARK IN Time: EAST HARRIS COUNTY ALONG THE 6:00 p.m. Social HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL 6:30 p.m. Speaker Today, virtually all manufacturing operations, and 7:30 p.m. Business Meeting many small businesses like dry cleaners and auto repair Location: Charlie's Hamburger Joint shops generate what is defined by law as hazardous waste. 2222 Ella Blvd. Old paint, solvents and cleaners used by industry, (approx. 1/4 mi. south of 610 N. Loop) spent acids and other byproducts of the manufacturing (Buy your own burger, if you wish.) process are examples of wastes classed as hazardous. If a KAY CROUCH-Biographical Sketch waste has one ofthe followingcharacteristics - corrosive, explosive, ignitable or toxic (poisonous) - it is listed as Kay Crouch is Presi- hazardous. dent and Chief Executive Because these wastes represent potential harm to Officer ofAmerican Enviro- humans, animals, or plants, or can contaminate surface or tech, Inc., Houston, Tx., ground water, they must be managed and treated properly. which she co-founded in This can best be accomplished in a modern facility designed 1988. specifically for that purpose, using the latest technology for American Envirotech waste analysis, storage, handling and destruction. The San was founded to provide Jacinto facility will not accept all types of waste. Wastes new, safe and efficient containing PCBs or dioxins, radioactive wastes, infectious facilities for the treatment wastes, explosives, gases in containers and municipal of hazardous waste. The garbage are specifically excluded. company currently plans a The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and others $60-million commercial have identified incineration - which offers permanent hazardous waste incinera- destruction - as the best method available for treating tor in Jacintoport Industrial certain wastes. A report by the Congressional Office of Park in East Harris County. Technology Assessment stated: "It is preferable to per- As a professional environmentalist, Ms. Crouch has manently reduce the hazardous character of the material, worked in both pri~ate industry and government on a broad than to rely on long-term containment in land-based disposal range of environmental projects. structures. " At the Texas Water Commission, where she worked Utilizing twin rotary kiln incinerators, the San Jacinto from 1985 to 1987, Ms. Crouch managed several different facility represents a $60 million investment that combines activities. She served .on the Enforcement Screenings the latest incineration technology with stringent operating Committee, a group that reviews possible environmental procedures. It is capable of treating both liquid and solid violations. As Section Chief of the Information and Tech- wastes and removing at least 99.99% of the organic wastes nical Services Section, she set policy relating to recycling introduced. Annual permitted capacity is 160,000 tons per and waste minimization. She also worked on RENEW, the year. Water Commission's program to assist industry in waste The facility includes special laboratories to analyze and minimization. characterize wastes so that they are properly handled and Previously, she served as an environmental consultant destroyed. Wastes arriving are weighted, sampled and to private industry for more than six years, working at analyzed to be sure they match identifications on the Bovay Engineers, Inc., Houston, and EMANCO, Inc., transportation manifest and on the shipping containers. Not Houston, an environmental management company she until all of these precautions are taken, are the wastes joined in 1979. unloaded and sent to their proper storage area. During this time, she conducted numerous site Liquid wastes are stored in either of two tank storage selection studies, authored many Environmental Impact areas with a total capacity of 700,000 gallons. Solids are sent Reports and helped obtain operating permits for a wide to either a bulk or drum storage building. The storage variety of industrial facilities throughout the southern and buildings are specially designed so that wastes are prqperly eastern United States. segregated and contained and so that no waste ever Ms. Crouch, a native of Pasadena, Tx., holds a touches the soil. Master's degree in Aquatic Ecology and a Bachelor's degree "Best Available Control Technology," represented by a in Biology from Stephen F. Austin State University, where three-stage wet scrubbing air poltt;ltion control system, she also taught and worked as a research assistant. ensures that emissions remain well within the strict limits

Houston Geological Society Bulletin, October 1990 20 established to protect human health and the environment. International Center for the Solution of Environmental After being cooled, the gases from the incinerator pass Problems, the Northeast Solar Energy Assn., and others. through a hydrosonic scrubber where particles and gases He has authored or co-authored the following books: The are removed. A polishing unit, or cross flow scrubber, then New Wind Power, Your Space, Living in One Room, provides final treatment before the cleansed gas is dis- Design for a Limited Plantet, and The Faith of Graffiti. charged through a stack that has separate and redundant For more information contact the C. G. Jung Center at equipment to continually monitor emissions. (713) 524-8253. AEI's scrubbing system removes in excess of 99.896 of the hydrochloric acid gas and 9596 of the sulfur dioxide in the exhaust. Particulate removal will exceed the strict FIFTH ANNUAL GROUND WATER Texas standard of 0.03 grains per dry standard cubic foot. PROTECTION SEMINAR All ash from the incineration process and solids collect- The Fifth Annual Ground Water Protection Seminar ed from the treated wastewater will be sent offsite for will be held by the Texas Water Commission in cooperation disposal in a properly permitted landfill. Clarified water will with those agencies participating in the State Ground Water also be sent offsite to a permitted wastewater disposal Protection Committee. The goal of the seminar this year is facility. to educate and inform attendees about protecting their There are standing contingency plans in the event of an ground water supply from contaminants that could ad- emergency and a detailed inspection schedule to monitor versely affect public health. Topics at the seminar will key areas on a daily basis. In addition, a computer control include delineation of wellhead protection areas, nonpoint system will continuously monitor various operating con- source contamination, local emergency spill response, and ditions. The system automatically shuts down waste feed to ground water protection strategies. There will also be a the rotary kiln should any single operating condition not be discussion on basic ground water fundamentals. This free met. Operating personnel are assigned 24 hours per day, seminar is open to anyone concerned with protection of seven days per week at the San Jacinto facility. ground water, including representatives of local munici- palities, industry, water districts, and interested members of the public and environmental community. Date: October 16, 1990 C. G. JUNG CENTER ANNOUNCES Time: 7:30 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. - Registration ENVIRONMENTAL OFFERINGS 8:00 a.m. to 4:45 p.m. - Seminar Location: Rice Memorial Center Grand Hall The C. G. Jung Center and the International Center for Rice University the Solution of Environmental Problems will sponsor a lecture and workship series by Jon Naar on dealing Cost: Free effectively with environmental problems. The upcoming lecture is described below: RICE UNIVERSITY SHORT COURSE Taking Responsibility for the Environment UNDERSTANDING FEDERAL We can deal more effectively with environmental ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS problems like toxic waste, air pollution, or global warming AND REGULATIONS by listening to our inner self. Jon Naar will discuss the positive acts, both personal and collective, that combine to Lawyer James Blackburn, a specialist in environmental form an integrated program of positive action and change. law, will explain federal environmental laws and regulations He will show how such change is accelerating as we move to civil, chemical and environmental engineers, chemists, towards the year 2000. The change he perceives is coming consulting engineers, government officials, business not from the orthodox leadership (in politics, education, managers, compliance personnel and staff attorneys seeking business) but from the grass roots (poets, playwrights, training in environmental law. Mr. Blackburn will pay special artists), the Collective Unconscious and thus from our- attention to recent amendments to the hazardous waste selves. The lecture will be illustrated with color slides and superfund programs, proposed amendments to the selected from Naar's own photographs. Federal Clean Air Act and their implications for future compliance. Other topics include The Federal Clean Water Date: Friday, October 19, 1990 Act, The National Environmental Policy Act, The Endangered Species Act, hazardous waste and hazardous materials requirements, federal wetlands law, and water Location: Rooms 11 and 12 law. The C. G. Jung Education Center of Houston 5200 Montrose Blvd. Date: Wednesday-Friday, November 14-16, 1990 Houston, Texas Time: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Cost: $10 regular, $8 members Location: Rice University Cost: $545 ($495 per person for each additional JON NAAR, is an author, photographer, and environ- registrant from the same company). mental professional and activist engaged in a wide range of FOR MORE INFORMATION call the Rice University ecologically related projects with the Cousteau Society, the Office Continuing Studies, (713) 520-6022.

2 1 Housron Geological Society Bullet~n.October 1990 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW

RCRA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE* Following World War 11, our nation's phenomenal What is a Hazardous Waste? industrial growth was matched by a surge in consumer Hazardous wastes come in all shapes and forms. They demand for new products. The country seized upon new may be liquids, solids, or sludges. They may be the by- "miracle" products such as plastics, nylon stockings, and products of manufacturing processes, or simply commercial coated paper goods as soon as industry introduced them. products (such as household cleaning fluids or battery Our appetite for material goods also created a problem: how acid) that have been discarded. Whatever their form, to manage the increasing amounts of waste produced by however, proper management and disposal of hazardous industry and consumers alike. wastes are essential to protect our country's valuable In 1965 Congress passed the Solid Waste Disposal Act, resources. the first federal law to require safeguards and encourage The RCRA law provides a general definition of the term environmentally sound methods for disposal of household, "hazardous waste" (see Inset). However, in order to regulate municipal, commercial, and industrial refuse. Congress hazardous wastes, EPA first had to determine which amended this law in 1970 by passing the Resource Recovery specific wastes are hazardous. Since there are tens of Act and again in 1976 by passing the Resource Conservation thousands of wastes that can be hazardous for many and Recovery Act (RCRA). The primary goals of RCRA are: different reasons, this was not a simple task. The definition To protect human health and the environment from of hazardous waste had important economic ramifications. the potential hazards of waste disposal. Only wastes determined to be hazardous would be subject TO conserve energy and natural resources. to RCRA's hazardous waste regulations. To reduce the amount of waste generated, including The EPA spent many months interacting with industry hazardous waste. and the public to develop a definition of "hazardous waste" To ensure that wastes are managed in an environ- for its regulations. As a result of this work, RCRA regulations mentally sound manner. identify hazardous wastes based on their characteristics As our knowledge about the health and environmental and also provide a list of specific hazardous wastes. impacts of waste disposal increased, Congress revised RCRA, first in 1980 and again in 1984. The 1984 Characteristic Wastes amendments-referred to as the Hazardous and Solid A waste is hazardous if it exhibits one or more of the Waste Amendments (HSWA)-significantly expanded the following characteristics: scope of RCRA. HSWA was created, in large part, in response to strongly voiced citizen concerns that existing Ignitability. Ignitable wastes can create fires under methods of hazardous waste disposal, particularly land certain conditions. Examples include liquids, such as disposal, were not safe. solvents that readily catch fire, and friction-sensitive RCRA, including its 1984 amendments, is divided into substances. sections called Subtitles. Subtitles C, D, and I set forth the Corrosiuity. Corrosive wastes include those that are framework for EPA's comprehensive waste management capable of corroding metal (such as tanks, con- programs: tainers, drums, and barrels). EPA's Subtitle C program establishes a system for Reactivity. Reactive wastes are unstable under nor- controlling hazardous waste from generation until mal conditions. They can create explosions and/or ultimate disposal. toxic fumes, gases, and vapors when mixed with EPA's Subtitle D program establishes a system for water. controlling solid (primarily nonhazardous) waste, Toxicity. Toxic wastes are harmful or fatal when such as household waste. ingested or absorbed. When toxic wastes are dis- EPA's Subtitle I program, established by HSWA, posed of on land, contaminated liquid may drain regulates substances and petroleum products stored (leach) from the waste and pollute ground water. in underground tanks. Toxicity is identified through a laboratory procedure Problems associated with past mismanagement of called the Extraction Procedure (EP) toxicity test. hazardous wastes are covered by RCRA's companion law -the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com- [EPA will replace the Extraction Procedure leach test pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) of with the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure 1980 -- which addresses the cleanup of inactive and (TCLP) for identifying wastes. The EPA will also add 25 abandoned hazardous waste sites. organic chemicals to the list of toxic constituents of concern The term "RCRA" is often used interchangeably to and establish regulatory levels for these organic chemicals. mean the law, the regulations, and EPA policy and guidance. The compliance date for large quantity generators is September 25, 1990; for small quantity generators, the *Excerpts from the EPA Booklet 530-SW~86~037,published November compliance date is March 29, 1991. Contact RCRA/ 1986 by the U.S. Office of Solid Waste, Wash~ngton,D.C. Reprinted with Superfund Hotline (800) 424-9346 or Steve Cochran, EPA permission Office of Solid Waste (202) 475-8551. 55 FR 11798.1

Houston Geolog~calSociety Bullelfn October 1990 22 EPA regulations require that all waste generators However, if a company can demonstrate that its specific evaluate their wastes to determine if any of the four waste is not hazardous, the waste may be "delisted" and is hazardous characteristics are exhibited. Wastes exhibiting then no longer subject to Subtitle C requirements. A these characteristics are subject to EPA's Subtitle C delisted waste is still covered by Subtitle D solid waste hazardous waste regulations. management requirements.

Selected Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies Hazardous Waste: Biological treatment uses micro-organisms to degrade The Definition in the RCRA Law organic compounds in a waste stream. Carbon adsorption is a process in which substances To Be a Hazardous Waste, a Waste adhere to the surface of specially treated carbon. This Must Be a "Solid Waste"... method is particularly effective in removing organic com- ... defined in RCRA as "garbage, refuse, or sludge or pounds from waste liquids. any other waste material."According to RCRA, a solid Dechlorination removes chlorine from a substance by waste can be a solid, a semi-solid, a liquid, or a chemically replacing it with hydrogen or hydroxide ions. contained gas. This process is used to detoxify chlorinated substances. ...And It Must Meet These Criteria ... Incineration destroys or makes waste less hazardous "Because of its quantity, concentration, or through burning. Incineration is frequently used to destroy physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics, (it) organic wastes. may cause, or significantly contr~buteto, an increase Neutralization decreases the acidity or alkalinity of a in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or substance by adding to it alkaline or acidic materials incapacitating reversible, illness; or pose a substantial respectively. present or potential hazard to human health and the Oxidation detoxifies a waste constituent by combining environment when improperly treated, stored. trans- it with oxygen. This process is used to treat wastes such as ported, or d~sposedof, or otherwise managed." cyanides, phenols, and organic sulfur compounds. Not Included in RCRA Hazardous Precipitation removes solids from a liquid waste so that Waste Regulations Are ... the hazardous solid portion can be disposed of safely. Domest~csewage. Solidification and stabilization remove wastewater Irrigation waters or industrial discharges permitted from a waste or change it chemically, thereby making it less under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. permeable and less susceptible to transport by water. Certain nuclear material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act Houselhold wastes, including toxic and hazardous Types of Land Disposal waste. Landfills are disposal facilities where solid hazardous Certain mining wastes. waste is placed in or on land. Properly designed and Agriculturi wastes, excluding some pesticides. operated landfills are lined to prevent leakage and contain Small quantity wastes (that is, wastes from busi- systems to collect potentially contaminated surface water nesses generating fewer than 220 pounds of hazard- run-off. Most landfills isolate wastes in discrete cells or ous waste per month). trenches, thereby preventing potential contact of incom- patible wastes. Surface im~oundmentsare natural or man-made depressions or diked areas which can be used to treat, Listed Wastes store, or dispose of liquid hazardous waste. Surface EPA has ziready determined that some specific wastes impoundments may be any shape and any size (from a few are hazardous. These wastes are now incorporated into lists hundred square feet to hundreds of acres in area). Surface published by EPA. The lists are organized into three impoundments are often referred to as pits, ponds, lagoons, categories: and basins. Source-Specific Wastes. This list includes wastes Undergound injection wells are steel-and concrete- from sp~cificindustries such as petroleum refining encased shafts placed deep in the earth into which and wood preserving. Sludges and wastewaters from hazardous wastes are deposited by force and under pres- treatment and production processes in these indus- sure. Liquid hazardous wastes are commonly disposed of in tries are exnnlples of source-specific wastes. underground injection wells. Generic Wastes. This list identifies wastes from Waste piles are noncontainerized accumulations of common manufacturing and industrial processes. solid, nonflowing hazardous waste. While some are used for Gener~cwastes include solvents that have been used final disposal, many waste piles are used for temporary in degreasing operations in any industry. storage until the waste is transferred to its final disposal site. Commercial Chemical Products. This list includes Land treatment is a disposal process in which hazard- specific comm~rcial chemical products such as ous waste is applied onto or incorporated into the soil creosote and some pesticides. surface. Natural microbes in the soil break down or All "listed" wastes are resumed to be hazardous immobilize the hazardous constituents. Land treatment regardless of their concentrations and must be handled facilities are also called land application or land farming according to EPA's Subtitle C hazardouswaste regulations. faciliries. PERMIAN BASWMID-CONTINENT EXPLORA TIONISTS

Permian Basin and Mid-Continent WEST TEXAS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Exploration Meeting FALL SYMPOSIUM Tuesday, October 16,1990 PERMIAN BASIN OIL & GAS FIELDS: 5:30 p.m. - Westin Oaks Innovative Ideas in Exploration The second dinner meeting of the Houston Geological and Development Society Permian Basin and Mid-Continent group will feature November 1-2.1990 an exciting talk by Michael T. Roberts and David L. Read. MIDLAND CENTER, 105 N. MAIN, MIDLAND, TEXAS The results of the Interest Survey from the first meeting will Approximately 20 professional papers be reported and there will be an opportunity for recom- Transactions included in registration fee mendations from those attending. Approximately 20 poster displays Michael T. Roberts will present his highly acclaimed Exhibit hall paper, Geology of the Cottonwood Creek Field, Carter Keynote address: Mike McElwrath, Principal Deputy County, Oklahoma. Assistant Secretary, US Department of Energy Reservations must be made by Friday, October 12, The approximately 20 papers include the spe'ctrum of 1990, by calling Margaret at Houston Geological Society recent geologic thought in the Permian Basin, from before 4:00 p.m. Dinner is $20 and no-shows will be billed. surface and subsurface exploration methods to detailed reservoir descriptions. These papers emcompass new thought, both of old methods and of new ideas, a GEOLOGY OF THE COTTONWOOD CREEK FIELD blend that has resulted in profitable discoveries and CARTER COUNTY, OKLAHOMA development in the Permian Basin. Field Studies include: In late 1987, the Cottonwood Creek field, Carter Salt Creek Field County, Oklahoma, was heralded by flows of nearly 4,000 Spraberry Trend Area Field BOPD and 3 MMCFGD from the upper Arbuckle Group. Three Bar Devonian Chert Field The field structure is part of the buried Criner uplift along Amacker-Tippett Wolfcamp Field the southwest flank of the Ardmore basin. The uplift formed B C Canyon Field during a Late Mississippian/Early Pennsylvanian episode of W. Pardue Field bidirectional thrusting (northeast and southwest) probably Cordona Lake Field related to convergent strike-slip faulting. The basic field Subjects include: structure formed as a northeast-directed thrust plate, cored Silurian-Devonian exploration with Arbuckle Group carbonates and cut by a backthrust. Grayburg "re-exploration" The Cottonwood Creek anticline was near the crest of the Reservoir Geology uplift. It was erosionally denuded of its Simpson through Reservoir Heterogeneity Caney cover and karsted to depths of at least 1600 ft. Stratigraphic Facies Control Subthrust strata include the Woodford source rocks. Surface Exploration Methods In the Middle to Late Pennsylvanian the uplift was Atoka Detrital buried by clastics (about 8,000 ft. thick over Cottonwood Old GR-N Logs Creek). Culminating in the late Pennsylvanian, a second Seismic Developments episode of wrench faulting sliced through the Criner uplift. Remote Sensing in W. Texas About 3 mi. of left-lateral slip occurred on this Criner- Horizontal Drilling Healdton fault, which alsodropped the anticline about 3,000 Structural Subprovinces ft. relative to the block to the south, completing the trap at Submarine-Fan Complex Cottonwood Creek field. Strategic Infill Drilling Fourteen wells have found oil in the anticline over an Use of Formation Microscanner approximately 2.5 by 0.5 mi. area. The oil column is at least For More Information Call WTGS @ 9151683-1573 900 ft. thick. Eight of the wells tested for 1,200-3,700BOPD or write plus associated gas from a complex of fractures, Brown WTGS, P.O. Box 1595, Midland, TX 79702 Zone dolomite, and karst-enhanced porosity in the West Spring Creek and Kindblade formations. Advance registration $85.00 On site registration $95.00

Housron Geolog~calSomety Bullef~nOctober 1990 2 4 BUSINESS OF GEOLOGY

RE-EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL OF OLD PLAYS

By Richard Nehring Nehring Associates, Inc., Colorado Springs, Colorado

The inspiration for this paper comes from two quota- contribution by eliminating one of the most common tions. The first is by Wallace Pratt. "Oil is first sought in our excuses for not thinking. ("I didn't have time to think it minds .... One indispensable attribute of the successful through. 1 had to spend too much time collecting the data!") oilfinder is vision ...discovery must wait on our mental The procedure is oriented toward the evaluation of visualization - our imagination" (Pratt, 1942, 1952). The known exploration plays. The play is used as the basic unit second is by Parke Dickey: "We usually find oil in new of analysis because it usually corresponds to a single places with old ideas. Sometimes, also, we find oil in an old exploration concept. (A play is normally defined as a place with a new idea, but we seldom find much oil in an old geologically related group of accumulations and prospects.) place with an old idea. Several times in the past we have Plays thus provide a coherent basis for developing and thought that we were running out of oil, whereas actually we evaluating exploration hypotheses. were only running out of ideas" (Dickey, 1989). The first step - description - focuses on under- At first glance, the distance between these philosophi- standing known accumulations in a play and reconstructing cal observations on petroleum exploration and a practical the exploration concept(s) that led to their discovery. The discussion on the use of computerized geological data in primary information resource used in this step is a field/ evaluating the potential of known productive plays may reservoir data base that has the following characteristics: seem impossibly large. However, these observations pro- it incorporates or permits play definitions with each vide a context that can facilitate some of the most effective major reservoir assigned to a play; uses of such data. That context can be summarized as it provides field and reservoir discovery histories; follows: it contains field and reservoir size data; (1) Successful exploration is the result of creative it provides field and reservoir characteristics; and hypotheses that have been carefully evaluated and com- it indicates field and reservoir location. petently implemented. In our own play evaluations, we use our Significant Oil (2) Petroleum exploration should always be oriented to and Gas Fields of the Unitedstates data base, which covers the new, whether these are ideas about new plays or new more than 10,000 known oil and gas fields in the U.S. (all ideas about old plays. those with one million BOE or more known recovery). (3) Because new plays are becoming increasingly rare, Every major reservoir in those fields is assigned to one of the primary foc~~sfor domestic exploration must be on approximately 475 plays. A sample description of one of rethinking old plays. these plays is shown in Table 1. The paper outlines a procedure for the systematic re- Such a description summarizes key information about evaluation of old plays. The procedure incorporates three a play - - its location, reservoir(s), depth range, trap type, steps: hydrocarbon type, and amounts discovered to date. More (1) Description - understanding known accumula- detailed information can be obtained by creating distributions within a play and reconstructing the exploration con- tions of various characteristics. The information provided in cept(~)that guided their discovery; either the summaries or the printed distributions can also (2) Correlation - relating known accumulations and serve as useful screening guides to determine whether the exploration failures within a play to the geological controls play merits further scrutiny. of petroleum occurrence in that play; and This basic description and characterization of the play (3) Interrogation - examining where possibilities is one aspect of reconstructing the exploration concept under- may still exist in the play. lying the play. The other aspect is the examination of the The procedure corresponds to several stages of the discovery history of the play. Three elements of the process of creative exploration as described by Norm discovery history are particularly useful: timing, duration Foster (1989). The first two stens flesh out what he has and cyclicity. The time period in which discovery occurred termed the saturation stage. he third step incorporates indicates the state of geologic knowledge and the capabilities much of what he includes in his illumination and verifi- of the exploration, drilling, and completion technology used cation stagks. in the discovery process. It also indicates whether or not The procedure is based on the extensive use of com- there have been any recent discoveries in the play and thus puterized geologic data, primarily a field/reservoir data whether new concepts are currently being pursuedsuccess- base. The use of computerized geologic data is proposed fully in it. The duration of the discovery process indicates not as a substitute for thinking and imagination, but as an aid both the complexity of the exploration concept and the to them. Besides providing information that is organized to capabilities of exploration technology relative to the facilitate evaluation, good data bases make their most useful characteristics of accumulations within the play. The

25 Houslon Geologxal Soclety Bullel,n, October 1990 - source, mlgrat~on.reservoir, trap Table 1. A SAMPLE PLAY SUMMARY and timins.-. seal., ereservation. and Cluster Code: 203 recovery, and the summary of all of Trend Name: Central Powder River Frontier Oil and Gas these - are listed in Table 2. To this list Province(s): Powder River (515) I would add another mappable factor - Sub-province(s): Powder River Basin (62) basement structure - because of its Location in Province: NNW.-SSE trend across basin center often pervasive effect on secondary State(s)/District(s): Wyoming (49) migration, reservoir development, and Counties: Campbell (49005), Converse (49009), Johnson (49019) trapping. Major Reservoir Age(s) Upper Cretaceous Frontier (603FRNR, The sources of information that and Formation(s): 603FRNR1 & 603TRNR) can be used to construct such maps are Reservoir Lithology: Sandstone (10) the usual ones - well data bases, log Reservoir Depth Range: 8,889-12,400-12,702 data bases, geophysical data, geo- Predominant Trap Type(s): Stratigraphic (Facies Changes) chemical data, core data, and the geo- Hydrocarbon Type(s): Oil and Associated Gas logic literature. Two important cautions Known Recovery Crude Oil (Mb) - 46,175 need to be observed in using this data to as of 12-31-85: Natural Gas (MMcf) - 221,886 create geologic control maps. The first NGL (Mb) - 1 1,620 is the extent of emeirical data available BOE (Mb) - 94,776 for any given factor. Typically, geo- Major Reservoir Largest - Powell-Ross: 603FRNR-1 (49,100) logists are all too ready to interpolate in Size Distribution: Median - Sand Dunes: 603FRNR-1 (1,930) areas of little or no data., a erocess. that Smallest - Mary Draw: 603TRNR-2 (330) is influenced by current prejudices. The Discovery History: Initial - Shawnee: 603TRNR-1 (1936)-New Fields result is either an exaggeration of or an Porcupine: 603TRNR-1 (1972) ignoring of the remaining possibilities. Peak (Amount) - 1972.1975 (76,740 MBOE) Secondly, the scale of mapping can be Peak (Number) - 1982-1985 (6 major reservoirs) crucial, particularly with structure and Latest - Sand Dunes: 603FRNR-1 (1985) isolith maes. Contour intervals drawn Fields: WY; Finley Draw (515982070), Mary Draw (515982150), Moore too broadly can easily overlook favor- (515984230), Phillips Creek (515980070), Porcupine able areas or potential prospects. (515969170), Powell-Ross (515954030), Sand Dunes The purpose of this mapping effort (515981090), School Creek (515980090), Spearhead Ranch & is to identify the particular regional and, South Taylor (515973130), Taylor (515979090), and Trabing where possible, local controls of hydro- (515975170) - [I1 major reservoirs total] carbon occurrence that enable one to New Fields: WY: Avery Draw (515984010), Shawnee (515936030), and distinguish between success and failure Tuit Draw (515985430) within the play. At the least, one would Date: June 6, 1988 want to distinguish among areas with relatively differentsuccess rates and to cyclicity of the discovery process (single-peaked or identify the factors that create such differences, thereby multiple-peaked) indicates whether the development of the setting the stage for the final step. play was affected by changes in knowledge, technology, or The culmination of this process is the step I call economics, as well as providing another potential indicator interrogation. This is nothing more complicated than of the complexity of the play. asking questions about the information developed in the Mapping the discovery history of the play can be first two steps. The purpose of this exercise is to stimulate particularly insightful in understanding how the exploration new ideas about the play. concept of the play developed. Mapping indicates the extent This step incorporates two sets of questions. The first to which geographic trends are present in the play, the set relates to the potential within the established play correlation of these trends with the order of discovery, and the relationships between the duration and cyclicity of the discovery history and the location and other characteristics (such as size, area, depth and trap type) of reservoirs in the WESTWIND EXPLORATION play. The anecdotal history of the play, if any is available in the literature or in company files, can be quite useful in deciphering why the play developed the way it did. ACTIVELY SEEKING PROSPECTS The second step - correlation - relates the known Operating and nonoperating Interests All depths accumulations and the exploration failures within the play to Onshore and offshore Domestic and International the geologic controls of hydrocarbon occurrence within it. This essentially entails mapping the basic geologic factors controlling hydrocarbon occurrence and combining these John Shipley maps into an overall play summary map relating known 5152 Broadway Ste. 205 reservoirs and dry wildcats to these factors. This process San Antonio, Tx. 78209 has been so admirably described by David White (1988) that my own discussion of it can be relatively brief. (512) 820-3133 The basic controls of occurrence that are to be mapped

Houston Geolog~calSoc~ety Bulleun. October 1990 26 boundaries; the second to the potential arising from an this year there has been a mushrooming of horizontal expansion of those boundaries. The discussion of each set drilling plays. of questions is illustrated by brief examples of various new Are some exploration failures attributable to a faulty developments in known plays that have occurred during the concept which, if altered, could result in success? In the past decade. If the interrogation process produces useful Updip Smackover Trend in southwest Alabama, operators leads, a more quantitative appreciation of play potential can achieved high success rates by drilling on the crests of be determined using any one of several resource assessment low-relief anticlines, but encountered tight or absent reser- techniques. voirs on the crests of high-relief anticlines. The interrogation stage first focuses on the area within In some of the latter structures, production was the known play boundaries (as defined by the geographic however, subsequently found on their flanks (Schneeflock, limits of accumulations within the play). 1989). Have all the potentially favorable areas within the play The interrogation stage next focuses on the possible been adequately explored? A surprising number of plays expansion of the play boundaries (again, as defined by the nationwide are still not fully tested. limits of accumulations within the play). Has exploration been constrained by the unavailability Do the limits of the accumulations within the play of key acreage? correspond to the boundaries of favorable geologic con- Are there any adaptations to the historic exploration trols? If not, what possiblilities suggest themselves? Are some perceived boundaries of geologic controls not boundaries at all, but merely transitions to another type of favorable environment and thus a potentially new play? Table 2. MAPPABLE GEOLOGIC The most common example of this is the transition from one HYDROCARBON-CONTROL FACTORS* depositional environment to another. An excellent example SOURCE of a new play recently discovered in this way is the Downdip Yegua play in the Texas Gulf Coast, a shelf/deepwater Bed Thickness and Area sandstone play in contrast to the older Yegua fluvial-deltaic Total Organic Carbon play updip (Whitten and Berg, 1987). Organic Matter Type This procedure for re-evaluating old plays as presented Maturity Combination of Above here has been described as applying to individual plays. MIGRATION However, it can obviously be repeated for any number of Secondary Migration RESERVOIR Gross Thickness Net/Gross Ratio Porosity Permeability TRAP AND TIMING Closure Area Timing SEAL Thickness Lithology Modifiers (Faulting, Fracturing, Hydrodynamics, etc.) PRESERVATION AND RECOVERY Flushing Biodegradation Inert-gas Dilution Insufficient Concentration 1978 PLAY SUMMARY TEXAS, LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI LOGS Hydrocarbon Occurrence BASE, LEASE AND ZINGERY FIELD MAPS Exploratory Drilling Density DRILLING AND PRODUCTION REPORTS Key Boundaries * SCOUT TICKETS AND PALE0 DATA FAX AND MAIL SERVICE *Adapted from D. A. White (1988) "Oil and Gas Play CONFERENCE ROOM Maps in Exploration and Assessment", AAPG FOR INFORMATION ABOUT OUR STOCK. ASSOCIATE Bulletin, Vol. 72, No. 8 (August, 19881, p. 945. OR POOL MEMBERSHIPS CONTACT: BARBARA KNOX concept used in the play suggested by recent advances in SSPLA geologic knowledge, exploration technology, or drilling and 350 SAN JACINTO BUILDING completion technology? There have been numerous plays HOUSTON. TEXAS 77002 rejuvenated in the past decade by advances in geophysics, (713) 225-2175 such as the Minnelusa play in the Powder River basin. Just

2 7 Houston Geological Socrefy Bullettn. Ocrober 1990 plays. Evaluation of numerous plays enable them to be compared systematically and provide a rigorous basis for selecting the more favorable ones. New ideas are essential to keep domestic exploration viable. The procedure outlined here has been suggested with the intent of sustaining the supply of new ideas for exploration No procedure can, of course, guarantee creativity. But, to the extent that any systematic framework can help stimulate the imagination, the procedure suggested here can set one off in the right direction.

REFERENCES Dickey, P.A., 1989, quoted in AAPG Explorer, v. 6, n. 8, p. 14. Foster, N. H., 1989, Creativity vital for successful expio- They're also hard workers with proven track ration: AAPG Explorer, v. 6, n. 5, p. 1, 8. records. For your next technical temporary or permanent Pratt, W. E., 1942, Oil in the earth: University of Kansas placement need, call us at 861-2108. Press, Lawrence, p. 49. Pratt, W. E., 1952, Toward a philosophy of oil-finding: AAPG Bulletin v. 36, p. 2236. Schneeflock, R. D. Jr., et al 1989, Updip Smackover hunt heating up in U.S.: Oil & Gas Journal v. 87, n. 16 (Apr. 17), p. 52-57. White, D. A., 1988, Oil and gas play maps in exploration assesment: AAPG Bulletin, v. 72, p. 944-949. Whitten, C. S., and R. R. Berg, 1987, Depositional environment of downdip Yegua (Eocene)sandstones, Jackson County, Texas: GCAGS Transactions v. 37, p. 513-519.

6619 Fleur de Lis Drive New Orleans, Louisiana 70124 (504) 488-3711

T. Wayne Campbell John B. Dunlap, Jr. Francis S. Plaisance, Jr. Arthur S. Waterman Albert F. Porter, Jr. Michael W. Center Norman S. Vallette supports the

HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETV

Houston Geological Society Buller~nOctober 1990 OPINION

ENERGY AND DESTINY: WE MUST CONTROL BOTH

By Michel T. Halboutyl Chairman of the Board and CEO, Michel T. Halbouty Energy Co.

This is my 62nd year as a practicing geoscientist would never have been a reason for us to become dependent specializing in petroleum exploration. I started my career on unstable foreign oil supplies. We would have been able to before a large majority of the members of the Houston supplement our oil requirements by establishing a Western Geological Society were born. 1 have witnessed the ups and Hemisphere energy coalition with the North and South downs of our industry and, sadly, also of our profession. American countries. What I have seen happen to petroleum geologists since the Tragically, that plan was not used. Each administration deplorable recession in domestic exploration which began that followed was beset with the same problems. There was in the early '80s is enough to force me to sit day after day and desire but no action. Every time an energy policy was literally cry. attempted, it failed. Thousands of petro-professionals-geologists, geo- This lack of a workable energy policy has permitted the physicists, petroleum engineers, landmen, and their associ- "open sesame" procedures of raising our imports and ated assistants - are out of work and seeking any kind of discouraging exploration by leveling unnecessary and puni- job, even the most menial ones, to make enough to just feed tive taxes which caused the independent segment of the their families. They have taken their children out of colleges industry to drop from 62,000 in April of 1980 to 610 today - and univershes because of lack of sustained earnings to a 99% drop in the number of real explorers for petroleum. keep them there, and they've lost homes, cars, and During the late '70s boom it was difficult to find a rig to possessions because of the inability to pay their mortgages. drill a prospect although there were 4,500 running every This decimation of our profession as well as the US. day. Now it is still difficult to find a rig quickly because there petroleum industry occurred because of many reasons. A are less than 1,000 operating and 85?h of those are drilling significant factor was the rash of hostile takeovers and in-fill production wells and there just are not any exploratory threats of takeovers to companies by professional raiders rigs available. which forced reductions in operations and employment The American Association of Petroleum Geologists because of huge debts that were fostered during the recently stated it has lost 24% of its total membership since buyouts, mergers, or takeovers. Where two companies 1986, from a peak of 44,700 to 34,000. The decline in the might have planned to drill 300 or 400 wells each, after the number of student memberships was more dramatic - takeovers there wasn't enough capital for the new company from 2,242 in 1986 to 276 in 1989, mainly because there are to drill any welis. The same was true for those companies very few students inclined to forge a vocation in the who took on huge debt levels to avoid being taken over. The geosciences because they see the high rate of unemploy- takeover-merger impact was a major factor in decreasing ment and the apparent lack of a future in the petroleum our exploration efforts. industry. But the most obscene of reasons for the state of the Over the past five years, our petroleum production has industry is the absolute omission of a workable, viable declined from 9.1 million barrels per day to 7 million barrels energy policy for the United States. For decade after decade daily, and our imports have increased by 4 million barrels a Congress has acted as though the petroleum industry was a day over the same period. That is a negative turn-around of nuisance at best and an evil force at worst. The fact is that 6 million barrels a day. Congress has chosen to ignore the this nation has never had a viable, workable energy policy. fact that these imports have lopsided our foreign deficit and In the early '50s 1 was asked to serve on the very first have placed our economy in a recession or depression national energy committee ever created in this country. The mode. Eisenhower administration recognized a need for an energy Estimates are that we will continue to increase our policy, and tried to put together a plan for energy security. dependence on imported oil from our current level of 50% Those of us on the committee drafted policy recommenda- today to a hazardous 75% by the end of the 1990s. If this tions that, had they been enacted, would have led to occurs, it would be suicidal to our economic and strategic continuous exploration in the United States, plus developing security. and producing our other energy sources, which would have What can we do about it? Plenty! We don't have to wait given us a most respectable self-sufficiency in energy. There until December to get a look at the study the Department of Energy has had almost two years to come up with. We can Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, Michel T. Halbouty Energy Co., Houston. Texas. start now - with leadership in Congress. Edltor's Note: The follow~ngarticle was written exclusively for the HGS First, we can begin fast-tracking everything that's Bulletin and was received on August 28, 1990 currently being held up in congressional committees.

29 Houston Geologtcal Soc~etyBullet~n October 1990

-- -- There's probably no one person who knows all of the Second, we can cut through the congressional red tape legislation and regulatory mark-ups waiting for House and concerning existing nuclear power plant licensing and Senate attention, but it doesn't take an Einstein to figure out regulations. Congress is going to have to put aside special- that if each committee or subcommittee cut through the interest considerations and face the issue squarely. No posturing for the cameras and the media and actually sat constituency is rushing to the halls of government begging down and worked through their differences, we could have for a nuclear power plant. But the facts are plain - 100 more new, productive energy legislation in short time. nuclear plants, all built with one standard design, will And by short time, I don't mean next year. There's no contribute enough additional power to preclude our import- rule that says legislation has to take six months to a year or ing 3 million barrels of oil per day. That's a lot of energy. And more before being signed and enacted. We've just gotten just think what that would do to our high foreign deficit: it used to the snail's pace that Congress has set. would substantially lower it! This alone would provide a The most important immediate action the Congress respectable energy self-sufficiency and stabilize and improve can take is to restore the independent segment of the our economy. industry by providing tax credits for domestic exploration We can go forward with our clean coal technologies and production. And the Congress can and should provide instead of shelving the plans. We've got more coal reserves workable, accountable agreements for cooperation between than any other country in the world. And we can use this industry and environmental groups, and it requires the full coal efficiently, effectively, and cleanly. We can clear the cooperation of the executive and congressional branches of path by proper legislation for development and increased our government. Someone has to take charge and stop the production of our other energy sources such as geothermal, bickering. This coordination is a must, otherwise nothing oil shale, solar, wind, biomass, hydropower, and alcohol will be accomplished. fuels. All of the research done during the late '70s and early In this case, access to the Arctic National Wildlife '80s on alternate energy sources hasn't disappeared. Much Refuge in Alaska and our other premier domestic potential of the technology we need to start generating these supplies oil exploration areas should top the list and environ- has been tested and proved. But the regulations and mentalists should be invited to stand shoulder to shoulder restrictions prevented economic development. with the oil industry. The industry can take care of the So it's not a matter of capability, It's a matter of environment and produce oil at the same time. The industry capacity. It's a matter of investment. It's a matter of national can prove that to the environmentalists if they would just security. It's a matter of doing it! listen to reason. We must have a strong, viable energy policy. Not one

A 5-day course that develops the skills needed to interpret commonly run logs and tests. The course is intended for geologists and engineers who need to understand and apply openhole measurements.

Rock properlies Soft-rock case study Fundamental relations Hard-rock case study Basic interpretation procedure Shaly sand interpretation Invasion effects Computed logs Spontaneous potential and natural gamma ray logs Special applications Fresh-mud resistivity measurements - Fresh water, dielectric logging Salt-mud resistivity measurements - Oil-base mud Porosity measurement -density, neutron, and sonic - Low-resistivity and laminated sands Lithology identification - Repeat formation tester INSTRUCTOR: John T. Dewan I 11 Houston Session I October 1 - 5 1 Log Interpretation and Applications 1 $850 /

Houston Geolog!cal Society Bullel$n.October 1990 that is fractionated, pitting one source of energy against the MICHEL T. HALBOUTY-Biographical Sketch other. It must have substance - one that willbe consistently followed from one administration to another. The policy Michel T. Halbouty is ,must provide core pieces of legislation through which we an internationally renowned earth scientist and engineer can rationally evaluate our energy-resource options. Such a whose career and accom- policy should be truly bipartisan, formulated solely for the protection and best interests of the national welfare. It must plishments in the fields of be viewed as a means of survival for this country. geology and petroleum engineering have earned him Since August we have all seen daily reports of U.S. troop movements into Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf. the recognition as one of the world's outstanding geo- We've watched as oil prices skyrocketed and the stock scientists. market plummeted. More and more people are asking: why He holds Bachelors and are we in the Middle East today? I say we're there in great Masters degrees in both part because we don't have a healthy domestic petroleum geology and petroleum en- industry, we don't have an energy policy, and we unfor- gineering, a Professional tunately don't have a congressional plan to rectify the situation. Geological Engineering degree from Texas A&M Uni- Our problems in that part of the world didn't begin with versity, and a Doctor of Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait - they began almost Engineering degree (HC) from Montana College of Mineral 40 years ago during the Eisenhower administration, when Science and Technology. In addition, in 1990 he was the first attempt at an energy policy failed. America's awarded the degree of Doctor of Geoscience (HC) by the continued desire for cheap oil and the inaction of Congress USSR Academy of Sciences for his many contributions and for almost four decades to proviEiefor energy security have achievements in and to the science of geology, the only such helped to place our armed forces in the Gulf region. honor bestowed to a scientist outside the Soviet Union. But that oil isn't so cheap anymore. Our imports of He is a staunch supporter of the geological sciences Middle East oil don't cost $18 a barrel or even $30 a barrel. and contributes his time and financial support to increased Because of the tremendous cost the taxpayers willincur due excellence in geoscience research, education and appli- to the deployment of American troops to the Middle East, cations. He has provided numerous scholarships and there is no question that the real cost of Middle East oil AS fellowships at Texas A&M University for more than forty OF TODAY is somewhere around $1,000-1,200 a barrel. years. As a strong advocate ofcontinuing education, he has And the cost is still climbing. over the years researched and kept abreast of techniques I wholeheartedly approve of President Bush's decision and concepts of advanced oil and gas exploration, product- to send troops to the Middle East. America could not have ion and development. One of these concepts which he done otherwise. We have interests far beyond oilsupplies to strongly supports is the use of remote sensing from protect. spacecraft to enhance the overall global petroleum anc:~ But, we do not have to continue to be dependent on mineral exploration effort. Halbouty has contributed several this part of the world for whatever our oilneeds may be. We books and more than 290 articles to the literature of can look elsewhere to fill those needs. Our multinational petroleum geology and engineering. He has lectured companies can explore in other regions for new reserves throughout the world to geoscientists on the philosophy of and our import needs could be supplied from those areas. exploration and the adoption of new techniques and We could bypass the Middle East entirely. concepts. It's going to take more than converting cars to run on Halbouty chaired Governor Reagan's Energy Policy natural gas, limitingour driving, turning offlights, postponing Advisory Task Force and later was appointed by President vacations or changing the destination to somewhere closer Reagan as leader of the Transition Team on Energy. During to home, car pooling or taking public transportation, and the past 37 years, he has been appointed to many govern- yes, cutting back on air conditioning and, later, on heating. mental energy-related committees and commissions, and It's going to take new domestic or our foreign-owned oil has given much of his time and expertise to help ensure our supplies to bridge the gap while alternate energy fuels are nation's energy stability. being brought on line. He is a member of numerous scientific and technical We know what we, as geoscientists, can and have to do societies, has served as an officer of many of the organiza- to find the oil and gas America needs. We could find lots ofit tions, and is the recipient of many honors and awards. In ifwe had the political and economic climate to search for it. particular, he has received the three highest awards bestow- So, now it's time for Congress to do its part. It can start with ed by The American Association of Petroleum Geologists legislation to provide the first workable energy policy this (AAPG) as well as from the American Institute of Mining, country has ever had and that willstart us offon obtaining a Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers (AIME), and is the most respectable and acceptable energy sufficiency for the only earth scientist to have achieved the distinction of being future. so singularly honored. He was awarded the Hoover Medal, And once again our profession willbe re-vitalized and one of the world's premier engineering awards, by the we willbecome the human tools necessary to assist America American Association of Engineering Societies and was to become its own energy producer and free it from the chosen Distinguished Texas Scientist by the Texas whims of potentates of volatile areas. Then we would Academy of Sciences. He is a member of the National control our own destiny in energy supplies. (Continued on page 45)

31 Houston Geological Society Bulletin, October 1990 M A HGS SHRIMP PEEL K E FRIDAY, OCTOBER 12,1990 U P Knights of Columbus Hall 607 East Whitney A P 5:30 p.m. until ? A R $120° (Advance - per person) T TICKETS Y $2Oo0(~tdoor - per person)

DEADLINE FOR ADVANCE TICKET PURCHASE Friday, October 5 Wednesday, October 10

PURCHASE BY MAIL OR IN PERSON AT HGS OFFICE DOWNTOWN 71 71 Harwin, Ste. 31 4 Clyde Harrison Houston, Texas 77036 1100 Milam Bldg., Ste. 3460 785-6402 658-8115

Make checks payable to HGS ENTERTAINMENT FUND. Enclose a self addressed, stamped envelope for orders by mail.

REFRESHMENTS

Houston Grolog~calSoclety Bulletin October 1990 OCT. CALENDAR of EVENTS SUNDAY I MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY 2 3 4 5 6

AWG Dlnwr Janet Thornhurq

9 10 11 12 13 UH Geed Alunlnl ASSO< LUIK/IEOI~ HGS DINNER HGS MEETING SPLVLA Writdc SPWLA C~reenipmi~ SHRIMP PEEL Jim Geitgev Luni hem, L I>II( heoli Knights of Westin Oaks HGS ENVIR ENG Columbus Hall MEETING

16 17 18 19 2 0

HGS PERMIAN HGS INT'L EXPL SIPkS Lunc bt ,rn GSH Noon DINNER MEETING I DINNER MEETING Bill cr

23 24 25 2 6 27 SPWLA L~~ncher~n HGS Pulrnleum Cli~b SHORT COURSE Urban Allen Shell Trng. Cn~r. AAPG Computer Modelmg Short Coulse. Orloher 2226. 1990 d-, d-, HGS FIELD TRIP - Florida Keys, October 22-25. 1990 -h 1 I , I1 28 29 30 3 1 HGS ENVIR:ENG HGS LUNCHEON SHORT COURSE Ken Ehman Riser & Munsil Hous~onClub Paul Rewre H.S. SEG Contwuing Educat~~vSihool Dtgltill Process~ng.Orloher 31 November 2. 1990 LSA AnnM ?rlt.rttng, Ddllas. Tex,,,. OLId~cr 29 Nouernbrr 1. 1990 GEO-EVENTS MEETINGS SlPES Luncheon, Bill Crow, "An Affordable High- IN HOUSTON Tech Accurate Base Map", Petroleum Club, 11:30 a.m., AWG Dinner, Janet Bauder Thornburg, "Deposi- Oct. 18. tional Environment and Sea Level Changes in the Phos- SPWLA Luncheon, Petroleum Club, 11:30 a.m., Oct. phoria Rock Complex, Southwestern Louisiana", 12 23, Greenway Plaza, Suite 1100, 6:00 p.m., Oct. 2. HGS Luncheon, Ken Ehman, "Eustatic and Salt HGS Dinner Meeting, Jim Geitgey, "Evaluation of Untested Stratigraphic Traps in a Pleistocene Canyon Fill Tectonic Controls on Sequence Development, Northern Complex, Offshore Louisiana", Westin Oaks, 5:30 p.m., East Texas Basin", Houston Club, 11:30 a.m., Oct. 31. Oct. 8. SPWLA Westside Luncheon, Holiday Inn Houston AROUND THE COUNTRY West (1~10at Hwy. 6), 11:30 a.m., Oct. 10 IPAA Annual Meeting, Dallas, Oct. 21-31. UH Geological Alumni Association Luncheon, GCAGSISEPM Gulf Coast Section Meeting, Petroleum Club, 11:45 a.m., Oct. 10. Lafayette, La., Oct. 17-19. HGS Environmental Committee Meeting, Charlie's GSA Annual Meeting, Dallas, Oct. 29 Nov. 1. Hamburger Joint, 2222 Ella Blvd., 6:00 p.m., Oct. 10. SPWLA Greenspoint Luncheon, Baroid Industries Cafeteria, 12 Noon, Oct. 11. SCHOOLS AND FIELD TRIPS GSH Noon Luncheon, Marriott Brookhollow, 12:OO SIPES Short Course, Chapman Cronquist, H. J. Noon, Oct. 15. "Hank" Gruy, and Mike Black, "Production Appraisals". Permian Basin/Mid-Continent Dinner Meeting, Exxon Auditorium, Exxon Building, 800 Bell, 8:00 a.m.-4:30 Michael Roberts, "Geology of the Cottonwood Creek Field, p.m., Oct. 20. Carter County, Oklahoma", Westin Oaks, 5:30 p.m., Oct. AAPG School, Six Selected Speakers on: "Explora- 16. tion and Development Advanced Technology", Stouffer HGS International Dinner Meeting, Gerard J. Presidente Hotel, Oct. 2-5. Genik, "Rift Basins of Chad", Westin Oaks, 5:30 p.m., Oct. 17. (Continued on page 45) COMMITTEE NEWS

TRAVEL TO EUROPE OR BRAZIL IN 1991!!! Win Trip For Two To Europe From KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Or Trip For Two To Rio, Brazil, Courtesy Of American Airlines.

Last year's Membership Drive was very successful, and information. Rules of the contest are the same as for the I'm designing this year's Drive and Contest to be as good or previous 1989-90 contest, and my Committee is not eligible better! Total membership has already reached a new for any of the prizes. historical high of 5105, a good start for our drive. I want to Good luck in this year's contest. encourage all active members to do your part for the HGS, BRUCE A. FALKENSTEIN and also to work towards some great prizes. Now is a HGS Membership Chairman perfect time to begin endorsing new members so that you can take an early lead in the 1990-91 Contest. Remember, winners are not determined from a drawing, but are those who endorse the largest number of new members by May HGS UNDERGRADUATE SCHOLARSHIP 15, 1991. FUND ACKNOWLEDGES CONTRIBUTORS The contest is the same as last year's, except even The HGS Undergraduate Scholarship Fund gratefully better prizes than ever before are being arranged. Today, I acknowledges the following contributors: am proud to announce the details of two great prizes Dorothy Campbell, in memory of R. C. Bowles available in this year's contest. Walker H. Josselyn KLM Royal Dutch Airlines has a new concept in David Fontaine European vacations, called Europe by Design. This $3,000 James W. Jones prize includes a round trip for two from Houston to Deet Schumacher Amsterdam, then onwards to your next stop, selected from Don Scherer a list of over 10 cities in 10 countries. You will stay at the best Edward McFarlan, Jr. hotels, travel by your choice of car, train, or air, and Doris Curtis prearrange your daily activities out of dozens of exciting Gerald Cooley choices, called "unexpected pleasures". Spend up to 21 days seeing Europe the way you want to see Europe. These contributions will be used to help further the Another great prize available is a trip for two to Rio, education of outstanding students at several universities in Brazil, courtesy of American Airlines. Riois one of the most our area. beautiful and exciting cities in South America, and an G. LYMAN DAWE exciting place for a HGS member to vacation. American Treasurer, HGS Foundation Airlines has many new connections to South America, and Rio is one of the best. Already some members are establishing leads in the HOUSTON ASSOCIATION OF contest. Currently Gary Martens and Deet Schumacher are tied with 6 new members credited to each of them. Jerry WOMEN GEOSCIENTISTS (AWG) Coolev and James Porter are close behind. With 8 months The AWG plans to have scheduled (First Tuesday of still left in the contest, everyone has a chance to win. every month) dinner meetings with planned speakers each All active members CREDITED WITH 3 NEW month. The meetings will be held at 12 Greenway Plaza, MEMBERS WILL RECEIVE AN HGS LAPEL PIN. This is a Suite 1100 from 6:00 to 8:00 p.m. The charge will be popular award already received by 39 members. $12.00 for students, $15.00 for members and $17.00 for How do you enter the contest? It's easy. After locating guests. Reservations should be made and payments mailed a prospective member, just: by the Wednesday before the meeting to Florence Arya 1. Print and sign your name as the first sponsor (upper of 496-0864,818 Ivy Wall, Houston, Texas 77079. We will the two sponsor lines) on the application form. attempt to announce these meetings in the Bulletin one 2. Get a second HGS member to endorse the form (second month earlier than usual due to the very early (in the month) line). date for our meeting and the possibility that you could 3. Check with the new member in a week to be sure that receive the Bulletin too late to make plans. The speaker for they mailed it. the October 2nd Dinner Meeting will be Janet Bauder Remember: You must be an Active status HGS Thornburg, the subject, "Depositional Environments member to enter. and Sea Level Changes in the Phosphoria Rocks, All of my committee members and Margaret Blake, the Southwestern Montana". HGS secretary, will be available with application forms and FLORENCE ARYA

Housron Geolog~calSoclety Bullettn. October 1990 34 EXPLORERS GO TO wash, candy and T-shirt sales), a grant from Panhandle SMOKY MOUNTAINS Eastern, and the HGS. On August 4 thru 10, the HGS sponsored Explorer Explorer Post 2004 meets bimonthly on Thursdays at the Amoco Paleo Lab, 11411 W. Little York. Explorer Post Posts, 2004and 2005,went on a week longcampingtrip to the Smoky Mountains for their Superactivity. Activities on 2005 meets bimonthly on Thursdays at the Phoenix Tower, 3200 Southwest Freeway. Members and students are the trip included day-hikes, rafting on the Nantahala River, welcome to join in on the fun and should contact Dan horseback riding, and souvenir shopping in Cherokee, Helton, 963-3537 or George Krapfel, 989-2378. N.C. The trip was funded primarily by fund raisers (i.e. car DAN HELTON Boy Scout Chairman

IN MEMORIAM Malcolm M. Mulholland, died May 7,1990. R. C. "Cliff' Bowles, died June 23, 1990. Mr.. Bowles was one of the original members of the Houston Geological Society. W. Henry Cardwell, died July 6,1990. S. W. Schoellhorn, died October 25,1989. Wilbert J. "Mac" Mechura, died July 22,1990. William'L. "Bill" Field, died July 18, 1990. Explorers visited the Valley and Ridge, and Blue Ridge Provinces enroute to the Smokys. Olga Braunstein, died July 13, 1990.

Holland's presence may be easy to overlook Including a helpful, English-speaking ground st~ff in a world atlas. But not among the world's that makes some 75 foreign countries a little less airlines. foreign. Every day, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines All of which is reassuring when business calls blankets the globe with flights connecting over for a long-range journey into the unknown: KLM's 140 business capitals on six continents. global passenger network doesn't end at the In fact, we reach more cities in Europe, airport. Africa and the Mideast than all U.S.airlines Call your travel agent or KLM. The + combined. airline of the seasoned traveler. ~ The result is a truly global network watched over by more than 24,000 KLM employees. The ReliableAirline KLM Roval Dutch Airlines

35 Houston Geological Society Bulletin, October 1990 PERSONNEL PLACEMENT The committee could use your help in the comins year. If you feel you would be able o; willing to talk to any school The HGS Personnel Placement Committee has had a about the subject you know best, please call or write me, very active 1990. So far, we have responded to calls from and you will become a member of this committee; I will call potential employers to fill over 100 positions. This compares on you when the occasion arises. At present we have 32 with 102 positions for all of 1989. active participants in the program. Last year we made more This is how the Placement Service works. An unem- than 100 presentations, judged about 20 times in science ployed or under-employed HGS Member (we will verify fairs, and made a number of other appearances at in-service this), submits a resume and Personnel Placement Form programs and academic decathlon preparations. (PPF) to the Committee. About 10% of our members have Write or call John Chronic, 12402 Copperfield, sent us only a PPF, and about 5%, only a resume. We try to Houston, TX 77031; tel. 933-0371, or call the HGS office and get in touch with as many of these people as possible in leave a message. order to have them complete their files. A PPF can be obtained either from the HGS office, or directly from the Short Course on committee. As an aside, we have pulled from our files about "DETECTING BURIED METEORITE 15% of the resumes because they belong to individuals who IMPACT STRUCTURES" are not HGS members. An employer will call us directly, with a request to fill an sponsored by opening. They usually specify years experience (10-20, less The Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) than 5, etc.), area to be worked (S. Texas Wilcox, Offshore, November 9,1990 North Africa,...), type of position (geologist, geophysicist, A one-day short course on "Detecting Buried Meteorite geotech, petrophysicist, ...) and special skills (sedimento- Impact Structures" is planned for Friday, November 9, logy, seismic interpretation, development, knowledge of 1990, at the LPI. The short course, co-sponsored by the French,...). We identify potential candidates through the Lunar and Planetary Institute and American Association of qualifications and skills they have marked on their Petroleum Geologists, is an element of the Astrogeology Personnel Placement Forms. These candidates resumes Committee's continuing effort to bring together impact are then checked to ensure that they have at least mention- experts and petroleum geologists. ed the necessary skills requested by the employer. We try to The short course is designed to familiarize exploration send out no more than 20 resumes per position. Companies geologists with the characteristics of meteorite impact always request anonymity, so members are not contacted structures so they can recognize and distinguish them from when their resumes are sent. Favorable candidates are then other buried structures. A variety of geophysical and contacted directly by the employer. geological techniques will be discussed including seismic Next month's article will discuss the results of written profiling, geopotential analysis, surface structures, and feedback from employers who have contacted us to fill petrographic and geochemical data. positions. Dr. Virgil L. (Buck) Sharpton, short-course convener and chief speaker, has studied impact craters for the past STEVEN BRACHMAN decade- --~~ ~ and has been associated with the AAPG Astro- Committee Chairman, Personnel Placement geology Committee's impact initiative for three years. Other speakers will include experts in meteorite impacts, exploration geologists, and geophysicists. To promote discussion, THE ACADEMIC LIAISON COMMITTEE attendance will be limited to 50 participants. A $50.00 NEEDS YOU!! registration will cover course notes, refreshments, and an evening reception. This committee of your society helps to broaden For more information, call Buck Sharpton, LPI, 713- knowledge about geology and asso~iatedsubjects to all 486-2111; to get registration information, contact Pam educational institutions in the Houston area. At present, we Jones, Program Services Department, Lunar and Planetary inform all local school districts at the beginning of each Institute, 3303 Nasa Road One, Houston, TX 77058-4399. school year that we are willing and able to lecture, demonstrate or otherwise present geological materials to the classes of any teacher who indicates a need or interest. How to Litigate Effectively These range from kindergarten to 12th grade at present, with many requests from elementary schools. PrelDare I believe we could also assist some local college or university faculties in presenting geology or related subjects I ,/ YPS IEXTRACTIVE I to post-high school students, and I will attempt to make ! POTENTIAL some effort in this direction during the coming year. In connection with our work in the schools, we have also been called upon to judge in science fairs, especially in those which have earth science or related entries. We have a number of slides, videotapes, minerals, START > TESRFY rocks, fossils, and some instruments that can be used in our presentations. We could use more of any of the above items David Fontaine which would enhance our presentations, as donations or (7 13) 783-0020 Licensed Geologist permanent loans. I

Houston Geological Soc~etyBullet~n. October 1990 3 6 , 'HGSSII.~RTCOURSE OCTOBER27 1990 HGS CONTINUING EDUCATION COMMITTEE PRESENTS: TRAP ANALYSISOF FAULTS

The Houston Geo1ogi ca1 Soci ety wi11 sponsor a one day conti nui ng education course ent it 1ed IITrap Analysis of Faultsll. After a short review of a model for hydrocarbon migration and entrapment within faulted structures, Urban Allen will explain the method of analyzing fault traps with fault plane sect ions. Thi s wi11 be followed by an extensive hands-on exercise in evaluating the trapping potential of faults using a simulated subsurface data set of maps and logs. INSTRUCTOR

Urban S. Allen is retired from Shell Oil, where he held a variety of positions in technical and operational management in exploration. His July 1989 AAPGpaper, entitled IIMigrat i on and Entrapment of Hydrocarbons Within Fault -CROSS-FAULT SPILLPOINTS Structures II forms the basi s for thi s course. LOCATION

Shell Oil Training, 3837 Bellaire Boulevard (at You will learn how to: Stella Link) Braes Heights Building (next to 1. W. Marks). Park in St. MarkI s Church car -construct fault plane sections park across the street. -identify critical spill points -evaluate interplay between DATEANDTIME variations in reservoir thickness and fault throw Saturday, October 27, 1990 -reconstruct the migration path 8:30 a.m. - 4:30,p.m. of hydrocarbons through a faulted structure COST -evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of a fault trap $50.00 in advanced, Limited to 40 prospect r ~ I REGISTRATIONFORM"TRAP ANALYSISOF FAULTS"-short course by Urban Allen - 10/27/90 I I payablePlease maketo: check PLEASEPRINT I I' Name I I HOUSTONGEOLOGICALSOCIETY I I Address I I Mailformandcheckto: I I City,State,Zip I I HoustonGeologicalSociety I I 7171 Harwin,Suite 314 I I Houston,TX77036 Home Phone Office Phone I ~ ~

37 Houston Geoloqical Society Bulletin, October 1990 AAPG CORNER

The AAPG House of Delegates is the legislative body of AAPG DIVISION OF PROFESSIONAL AAPG and meets annually at the national convention. The AFFAIRS HOUSTON CHAPTER Houston area, with more than 60 members, is the largest delegation to the AAPG. Houston is the site of the first local chapter of The Duties of the Delegate include personally reviewing AAPG Division of Professional Affairs (DPA). This chapter applications for membership, Certified Petroleum Geologist represents the first attempt by the AAPG to organize below (if the Delegate is certified), recommendations to the the section level. Its purpose is to enable local members to Executive Committee, and voting on legislative matters at express their opinions about DPA issues directly to their the national meeting. Delegates are elected by the local Houston-based representatives (James Ragsdale and David members for three year terms; one third of the body is Fontaine.) In turn, these representatives will share your elected every year. views with the DPA Advisory Board and Executive Commit- The current foreman of the Houston Delegation is tee during their semi-annual meetings in Tulsa and at the Carol M. Lucas. These delegates meet once a month, annual convention. The Chapter will also serve as a social eleven months a year to review AAPG membership appli- forum. cations and other business. If you have concerns, questions, The Houston Chawter will hold at least four local or suggestions regarding AAPG, call a delegate ...they meetings per year. Several formats will be tried. In October, represent you and are your elected voice to AAPG. an informal Saturday luncheon will be held at a central location. Members will be notified by mail about the specifics. Non-members are also welcome. Phone for WANTED: CANDIDATES FOR THE directions. AAPG HOUSE OF DELEGATES Here are a few issues important to DPA members: The Houston delegation of more than 60 members is 1. Licensure and the AAPG as a Self-Regulatory Organiza- the largest in the AAPG. Being the largest, it does not just tion (SRO). "carry a lot of clout", but is an opportunity not only to help 2. The market value of AAPG certification. Is there any? run AAPG, but also to help lead it. A delegate has one of the most important jobs in all of 3. Making certification pay. Towards a two-tier classifi- AAPG - to check the geological experience and professional cation system. ethics of the applicants. Delegates also are the link between 4. Continuing education - measurement of professional the national and local societies. They tell the national growth and maintenance of competency. representative about our local needs, desires, and opinions. Delegates are expected to attend the annual AAPG meet- No doubt there are other issues of interest to you. ings during their three-year tenure. It is at these meetings Please bring your ideas to the October luncheon. Jim Ragsdale and will carry them to Tulsa in November. that the legislative decisions are made which affect the I entire AAPG. Each year, we elect approximately one-third Your local chapter could use a little help with schedul- of the Delegates. This year, why not add your name to the ing, occasional speakers, at-the-door receptions, etc. Call with your questions or to lend a hand. Phone (713) 783-0020. ballot and participate? If you would like to play a more active role in the AAPG and your local society, please call Deet Schumacher (546- DAVID FONTAINE 4028) or Martha Lou Broussard (665-4428). Chairman

I APPLl ED CARBONATE SEDIMENTOLOGY JEFFREY J. DRAVIS ~h D LAND RESOURCES, INC.

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39 Houston Geologicdl Society Bulletin October 1990 GCAGS NEWS

VISIT LAFAYETTE IN OCTOBER Invitation from the General Chairman, Brian E. Lock On behalf of the Lafayette Geological Society, I would or London (or even New Orleans or Houston) will appreciate like to invite you tovisit usin Cajun Country, October 17-19, these rates while enjoying the highest standards of accom- for the Fortieth Annual Meeting of the Gulf Coast Associa- modation. tion of Geological Societies. Most of you will already have We have maintained a low registration fee of $65, and received a copy of the Announcement Brochure/Program/ reduced the student fee to $10. It is our intention to "break Registration package, which was mailed to members of the even" on the convention, not make a profit, and many Gulf Coast Societies and to AAPG members in the region generous corporate donors have made it possible to keep early in August. If you missed this brochure, please call me the GCAGS one of the best bargains available on the (318) 231-6823 or our registration chairman, Gary Huffman professional convention circuit. (318) 232-2234. We have attempted to make the 1990 convention We have a very full social and technical program, with particularly attractive to students. If you are a student,

something for everyone. Since many functions and events please plan on coming - Mary Claire Pastor, at the USL are only available through pre-registration, we urge you to Geology Department (Box 44530, USL, Lafayette, LA send in your requests as soon as possible. Highlights of the 70504) will be pleased to give you more details. If you are not meeting will include an outstanding opportunity to sample a student, but can provide any assistance to help a student the best of local cuisine and culture at our Thursday night attend, please do so! function at the new Vermilionville theme park, opening SEE YOU IN LAFAYETTE! addresses by Pat Taylor and Rufus LeBlanc, very practical short courses by Peter Vail, George Asquith, Dan Reprinted from GCAGS Newsletter, August, 1990 Tearpock and Dick Bischke, a variety of field trips, special student events (technical and social, at special rates) and the usual fine selection of oral papers, expanded poster sessions and (a new feature) core presentations. A record number of exhibitors will take advantage of the large floor area in Lafayette's Cajundome, which will also be the venue HYDROLOGY APPLIED TO for the technical sessions and the ice-breaker party on 1X[yDmExa@)HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION Wednesday. Some of you may remember the shortage of quality DO YOU SOMETlMES WONDER WHY hotel rooms in Lafayette when the convention was last here, So many good prospects fail? in 1980. That situation has now changed dramatically. Gas, oil 8 water don't obey buoyancy? Lafayette now has many excellent hotels, and we have Seismic reflections are poor above "bright spots"? negotiated outstanding rates at some of the best; the Temperatures over oil pools are above average? Lafayette Hilton Towers, for example (the convention HAVE YOU CONSIDERED headquarters hctel) is charging $53 single or double. Those RE-THINKING YOUR EXPLORATION LOGIC? of you who have attended recent meetings in San Francisco SEMINARS AVAILABLE W.H. (BILL) ROBERTS Ill CALL (713) 465-2228 PRESIDENT

Houston Geologcal Soc~etyBullet~n October 1990 40 "Support those who support our Society. "

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41 Houston Geologtcal Society Buller~nOctober 1990 DIGITAL DIGEST

CHAINSAWS AND COMPUTERS: Parables on the Appropriate Use of Tools

By Mark W. Hodson

A backwoodsman wandered into town one day, where What's wrong with this picture? First of all, if we the salesman at the hardware store talked him into buying a assume an 80 foot bin size, fairly conservative for a marine chainsaw. 3D survey, the interpreter saw only about llO&of the data "You can cut five times more trees in a day with this the company paid for and received. Remember, too, that baby than you could ever hope to cut by hand," the this was a producing property. Most of us are trying salesman told him. "I guarantee it." everything we can think of to get more information about The woodsman was back the next week with the and insight into our producing properties, and would never chainsaw, and demanded a refund. "I'm only cutting twice dream of ignoring nearly 90% of a pile of available data. as many trees with your durned high-priced saw, and it ain't Then there's the matter of the workstation. You don't easy, at that," he insisted. need an expensive workstation to generate 2D lines from "Well, I just don't understand that," the salesman 3D data-any computer with a tape drive and a plotter can replied. "Either you're a veritable Paul Bunyan with an axe, do that. But AAPG has put out an entire volume on or something's wrong with this saw. Let's goout back to the techniques for interpreting 3D seismic data (Memoir 42; woodpile and try it out." Interpretation of Three-Dimensional Seismic Data). When They went around back of the store to the proprietor's properly interpreted, a good 3D survey frequently offers stock of firewood, and the salesman started the chainsaw. significant insights into the structural and stratigraphic The backwoodsman screamed in terror, clapped his hands controls on production, and consequently identifies to his ears, and cried, "What's that awful sound?" reserves that otherwise would be left behind. These tech- Such ignorance and improper application of technology niques invariably involve computers, and are orders of can be found even among the sophisticated geoscientists of magnitude easier if you have a workstation designed for 3D the petroleum industry. Most companies are willing to try seismic interpretation. Of course, you need someone who new technology that promises to help them do a better job. knows how to interpret the data on a workstation, and that's But at times they lose sight of the fact that new technologies the final problem I have with what was done with this may require new techniques and new ideas to yield their particular survey. Nobody bothered to find such a person, best results, and consequently the new and invariably or to send anyone for the readily-available training. expensive technology doesn't deliver as much "bang for the buck" as it could. "When properly interpreted, a good 30 survey For example, one company paid a large sum of money to acquire a 3D seismic survey of an offshore producing frequently offers significant insights into the struc- property, and bought a $200,000 interpretation workstation tural and stratigraphic controls on production ... " to support their leap into 3D seismic applications. Their computer support personnel managed to get the data I'm sure this company got a good 2D-style interpreta- loaded, and even got the workstation to "talk" to their tion, using data that probably was superior to standard 2D existing color plotter, which was hooked up to a separate seismic data, but they paid a high price for a slight computer. In these long-ago times of a few years, such improvement, and left a lot "on the table". "networking" was quite an accomplishment. So did this In another instance, a company was clever enough to company then turn a trained interpreter loose with this bring in an experienced 3D interpreter, but once the workstation and data? Did such an interpreter interact with interpretation was declared finished and the plan of the geologists and produce a more accurate and complete development for the field was put together, the expert was understanding of the structure and stratigraphy? No. The sent off to interpret another survey somewhere else. When technicians generated a grid of vertical slices through the 3D they started drilling the development wells they found that volume with a quarter mile spacing-in essence, creating a the added detail from the boreholes necessitated consider- 2D survey from a 3D survey. They then generated black and able "tweaking" of the 3D interpretation. New seismic white prints of these slices on the color plotter, and gave the displays were needed to illustrate their improved under- paper plots to a geophysicist equipped with a table and a standing and, in some instances, altered drilling locations. box of colored pencils. The geophysicist produced the As I said earlier, you don't need an expert interpreter or traditional set of maps on a series of time horizons. a 3D workstation to plot seismic data. In this instance, the

Hoystan Geolag~calSoc~ety Bullet~n. October 1990 42 requisite tape drive and plotter were hooked up to and important way is through training. Not only can people learn driven by a seismic processing computer system. Seismic how to apply the various high-tech solutions, they can also processing is a rather arcane art, and the computer learn how to determine when the technologies are and programs used in it tend to be obtuse. This reflects the aren't appropriate. For example, AAPG is sponsoring a commonplace trade-off of ease of use for increased flexibility series of computer-related short courses in Houston on and power. The development drilling staff was not able to October 22 through 26. Courses are offered on "New generate new displays for themselves. The seismic Computer Technologies for Managers and Supervisors", processors obliged them, though, and the new displays "Modeling Geologic Data Consisting of Multiple Variables", worked so well that the development personnel soon made "Computer Assisted Petrophysical Modeling", "Under- more changes to the interpretation, and needed more new standing Reservoir Modeling in Reservoir Management" displays. It got so the processors, those mastersof an art of and "Principles of Computer-Oriented Basin Modeling". applied mathematics, were spending most of their time -.For more information consult a recent copy of AAPG generating plots, a task more appropriate for a technical Explorer. aide. The backlog of seismic data awaiting processing grew to alarming proportions. Fortunately, this particular office had a programming staff, and their intrepid programmers put together an easy-to-use package that let the develop- EDELMAN, PERCIVAL and ASSOCIATES ment staff generate the displays they needed without having BIOSTRATIGRAPHERS to learn how to use seismic processing software. In this second example the seismic processing staff, INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC trained and paid to perform a more challenging and MULTIDISCIPLINARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SERVICES demanding task, was utilized about as effectively as the chainsaw or the earlier example's 3D workstation. I know of EXPERIENCE several professionals-mostly computer modelers or ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE specialized interpreters-who have found themselves chain- IN OVER 50 COUNTRIES ed to computer terminals and expected to perform relatively mundane tasks for which they are vastly overqualified; tasks 700 S Cockrell Hill Rd., Suite 114 39 Hawkhill Mews MU Duncannlle. Texas 75116 Calgary. Alberta T3G 3A3 that are better left to less-expensive technicians. (214)617-2692 . (214) 299-6832 (403)239-8513 How can one avoid situations such as these? One very FEATURE ARTICLE

"Holographic" science to meet energy needs

By Richard F. Tucker Some of us who manage scientific investigation are filled with beds of porous rock wrenched out of shape by talking these days about a new approach. We call it immense tectonic forces, containing water, gases and the holographic. It entails viewing any problem or area of mixture of hydrocarbons that is called crude oil. Reaction investigation in depth (in three dimensions and at many engineers need to understand the complex changes that different levels of detail) and from every possible angle, take place during in situ processing and how these affect the exploiting and uniting the varied perspectives of a host of fluid dynamics of the entire reservoir. disciplines. We in the oil industry have been using imaging tools This will surprise people who mistakenly think of the such as X-ray CAT scanners to observe complex fluids as energy industry, and in particular the oil industry, as they move through the pores of reservoir rock in the technologically mature and far removed from the cutting laboratory; we use acoustical tomography to make 3-D edge of scientific research. But the new approach is in fact a seismic snapshots of the reservoir itself and to track the growing reality, driven by steady growth in society's energy chemical and physical changes taking place underground. demands, shifts in the energy-resource base and mounting Today, as advanced reservoir simulators push the limits of concern about the integrity of the environment. the emerging data-management and parallel-supercomput- The oil industry is searching for breakthroughs at three ing technologies, dynamic holographic imaging of the frontiers. They are "georeaction engineering" - using the georeactor is beginning to come within our grasp. earth as a reactor for in situ processes to unlock more With supercomputers and 3-D imaging technology, the hydrocarbon resources; "catalytic templating" - a new industry is also beginning to learn how to engineer molecules way to manufacture precisely shaped molecules; and the better. To engineer a molecule whose precise shape gives it technological fulfillment of the "environmental covenant" - a precise function (in a new fuel or lubricant, say, for the the obligation we all share to future generations. These are high-temperature, high-efficiencyengines of the future), we holographic frontiers. Each one calls for sophisticated must first design the precise shape-selective industrial analytical and imaging techniques, massively parallel super- catalyst for manufacturing that molecule. And this brings computing and dynamic, multidimensional simulation at me to the second frontier: catalytic templating, the goal of scales from the molecular to the global. which is to synthesize solid-state catalysts with an enzyme- Let us look first at georeaction engineering. One of the like ability to discriminate between molecules and to petroleum industry's prime objectives is to secure an produce molecules that have highly specific functions. energy-resource base for the 21st century - to reverse the Imagine such precision-designed catalysts working like decline in economically recoverable oil reserves that is once chemical assembly lines, manufacturing molecular struct- again making America ever more dependent on foreign oil, ures to order, carrying out multiple consecutive reactions at with the political risks that go with such dependence. different sites - each site approaching the incredible The problem is not that the U.S. has run out of oil selectivity of a biological enzyme designed by eons of resources. North American reservoirs still hold a third of a evolution. To create such catalysts, we will have to under- trillion barrels of oil - enough, if we could recover it all, to stand more of the fundamentals: how the catalytic structures take us into the 22nd century at today's consumption rates. snap into place to form the template, how reactant mole- The real problem is that even with current advanced cules maneuver through a catalyst's microscopic pore reservoir-enhancement capabilities, the easier-to-produce system and how the product molecules can be extracted oil in North America is almost gone. Most of what remains is from the sites where they have been generated. To achieve oil that by its very nature resists extraction. catalytic templating, teams of surface chemists, organic The challenge is to overcome the chemical and physical chemists, crystallographers, applied mathematicians, forces immobilizing the oil - to change the nature of the oil materials engineers and chemical engineers will be required. while it is in the earth and thus make it easier to extract. The most fundamental understanding of all will be How? By treating the reservoir not as a mere underground needed for progress at the third frontier, the fulfillment of storage tank but as a georeactor. Doing that will require what I call the environmental covenant. The covenant quantum advances in our understanding of geothermal, recognizes that humankind, creator of the industrial system geochemical and even biological reactions. that has transformed civilization, is at the same time It will also require a holographic melding of geoscience responsible for unintended environmental consequences of and reaction engineering. Geoscientists need to think of the that industrialization. Maintaining the health of the planet's reservoir as a vessel of enormous scale and complexity, life-support system must be given the very highest priority. We all want a safe and healthy world; we must become environmentalists. Reprinted from Scient~ficAmerican March 1990, with permission granted by the author and Sc~entif~cAmerican. (Continued on page 45)

Houston Geolog~calSociety Bullet~n.October 1990 ENERGY AND DESTINY: vances in science itself - will keep driving the industry to We Must Control Both bring about dramatic change and perhaps even to conjure Continued from page 31 up a radically new slate of technologies within the next 25 years. Organizing science to meet the challenge will require Academy of Engineering and a past President of The a holographic approach - and a closer interdisciplinary American Association of Petroleum Geologists. He has partnership of scientists in industry, academia and been a Fellow of the Geological Society of America for more government. than three decades and has served the Society in a variety of capacities. He was instrumental in organizing the Society's RICHARD F. TUCKER is president and chief operating Foundation and has been a member of its Board of Trustees officer of Mobil Oil Corporation and a director and uice- since its inception. chairman of Mobil Corporation. He serves on several U.S. Halbouty has beena member of the petroleum industry corporate boards and on Cornell University's Board of since 1930. In a career that has already spanned 62 years, he Trustees. has ardently served the industry and the nation in many capacities. He has continuously lectured worldwide on energy and its beneficial impact on the welfare of mankind. NEW MEMBERS He is Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Continued from page 49 Officer of the Michel T. Halbouty Energy Co. in Houston, James M. Stolle Ronald D. Kari Texas, an active independent oil and gas exploration and Pres~dent President production firm. Lassen Geosctence Inc Ron Kart & Associates P.O. Box 691 745 P.0 Box 15788 Houston, TX 77269 N. Hollywood, CA 91615 440-6800 (818) 764-0476 John M.Turmelle John L. Kennedy TRADER'S COLUMN Sr. Geolog~st Ed~tor Columb~aGas Oil & Gas Journal P.0 Box 1350 P.O. Box 1941 Geologist - Sedimentologist/Petrologist with M.S. Houston, TX 77251 Houston. TX 77251 degree and 5 years experience, including work with core 787-3526 621-9720 samples (both clastics and carbonates); full-time position Van N. Veenstra Joseph A. Pyle Div. Supv. Geolog~st Marketing with 6 mo. to 1 year contract; must relocate to Jakarta; Fax Exxon Company USA Wdlisco Inc. resume to: Dr. C. T. Siemers, P. T. Geoservices, Jakarta, 16949 Northchase 15995 N. Barker's Landing #200 Indonesia; 62-21-310-6295. Houston, TX 77210 Houston, TX 77079 775-6543 496~3460 Charles T. Siemers William G. Roach Jr. ASSOCIATE P. T. Geoservices (Ltd.) Owner MEMBERS Lone Star Seismic J1. Mesjid 17, Petukanan Utara John A. Braden 1911 S Rayburn Kabayoran Lama Pres~dent Pasadena, TX 77502 Jakarta, Indonesia 12260 Braden & KI~EP.C 941-8754 (Tele. No. 62-21-712087) 14606 Falling Creek Houston, TX 77068 580 6950

GRAND CANYON RAFTERS NEEDED to float the HGS GEO-EVENTS Colorado River as a group during summer of 1991. Fee Continued from page $1200 plus transportation to and from Flagstaff, Arizona. 33 Call Dave Lazor (713) 728-0917. HGS Short Course, Urban S. Allen, "Trap Analysis of Faults", Shell Oil Training Center, 3837 Bellaire Blvd. at Stella Link, 8:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m., Oct. 27. HGS Field Trip, Dr. Jeffrey Dravis, "Holocene "HOLOGRAPHIC" science ... Carbonates of the South Florida", Florida Keys, Oct. 22-25. Continued from page 44 AAPG Computer Modeling Short Course, Stouffer Presidente Hotel, William Full, "Modeling Geologic Data Here the multidisciplinary approach is imperative if Consisting of Multiple Variables", Oct. 22. Robert Elphick, pollution is to be prevented at every possible source. This implies devising microscale solutions that have macroscale "Computer Assisted Petrophysical Modeling", Oct. 23. consequences: catalysts and processes that fine-tune manu- Hossein Kazemi, "Understanding Reservoir Modeling in facturing to minimize or eliminate unwanted by-products, Reservoir Management", Oct. 24. Jay Leonard, "Principals computer modeling to optimize every manufacturing or of Computer-Oriented Basin Modeling" Oct. 25, and "New production system, new molecular structures that pass Computer Technologies for Managers and Supervisors", harmlessly through the environment, and recycling of Oct. 26. wastes. Moreover, prevention will have to evolve on a global SEG Continuing Education School, "Fundamentals scale. Today's energy industry is committed to ensuring of Digital Processing", Oct. 31-Nov. 2. that tomorrow's generations have not only an abundance of OTHER EVENTS energy but also a healthy world in which to use that energy. HGS Shrimp Peel, Knights of Columbus Hall, 607 This environmental challenge - together with the East Whitney, 5:30 p.m., Oct. 12. world's changing resource base, society's needs and ad- AWG Picnic, Oct. 27.

45 Houston Geolog~calSocleiy Bulletin. October 1990 HOUSTON GEOLOGICAL A UXlLIAR Y

The first 1990-91 Executive Board Meeting of the It's that time of year again! Yes, the HGS Shrimp Peel Houston Geological Auxiliary was held at the home of Mary Night will be on October 12 and will be held at the Knights of Folk, President. The Auxiliary is proud of this year's Columbus Hall (off Crosstimbers) starting at 5 p.m. Every- programs developed by First Vice President Daisy Wood. A one enjoys this annual event, so plan to be there! huge "thank you" to Sholeh Huber and Terry Pooser and Be sure to take this Bulletin home to acquaint your their committee for the delightful luncheon at Lakeside spouse with our activities and encourage membership. Mail Country Club on September 20. The lovely invitation was a check for $10 membership fees along with the completed designed by Mae Barclay and brought immediate response information below and send to: Mrs. Richard Steinmetz, from our members to view the latest fashions presented by HGA Vice President, Membership, 11734 Riverview, Lord & Taylor and to renew friendships after the summer Houston, Texas 77077. break. Mark your calendars for the December 6th luncheon ...... at the Racquet Club when the Dorothy Taylor Dancers will MEMBERSHIP FORM inspire the holiday mood. Mikki Wunderle and Geneva Quigley will co-chair the festivities. Geo-Wives, led by President Joyce Champeny, has a (Last Name) (Your Name) (Spouse's Name) full activity agenda planned for each month of the year. This is the newcomers club for HGA members. If there are any Address questions about joining this fun group, call Joyce Champeny Zip at 465-2905. Zoe Vest is continuing as Editor of our newsletter, The Home Telephone Eclectic Log, and doing a great job. If you have any news for the Log, please call Zoe at 550-8166. HGS Member's Company

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Hauston Geolog~calSoclety Bullef~nOctober 1990 46 ON THE LIGHT SIDE .- , rJ--\ v

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4 7 Houston Geolog~calSoc~ety Bull~t~n October 1990 HGS PERSONNEL PLACEMENT FORM Name: Phone: Address: City: State: Zip: Present Employer:

CHECK BOXES BELOW IF THEY APPLY TO YOU Willing to relocate 0 Resume on file Willing to work contracl 0 US. citizen

EDUCATION EXPERIENCE BS 0 0- 5 Years 0 Major Company 0 MS 0 6-10 Years 0 Independent Company 0 PHD 0 11-15 Years 0 Service Company 0 Certification 0 16-20 Years 0 Consultant 0 21-30 Years 0 Government 0 31 + Years 0 Education 0

PROFESSION Petroleum Geologist 0 Computer Geologist Hydrologist 0 Geotech Geophysicist 0 Micropaleontologist Engineer 0 Petrophysicist

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Mail To: Steven Brachman Wintershall Energy 5 Post Oak Park Suite 800 Houston, TX 77027

Houston Gealoglcal Socfety Bullet~n.October 1990 NEW MEMBERS

ACTIVE MEMBERS Steve I. Appel Lance D. Byrd Larry Gibson Paul B. Jones Gary E. Oliver Staff Geophys~cist Sales Sr. Geol. Engr Geophysicist Sr. Prod Geolog~st Mitchell Energy Cwight's Energydata Shell Development Co Arco 011 & Gas Co. Amencan Exploration P.O. Box 4000 6565 West Loop South #I15 P 0.Box 481 -2064 P.O. Box 1346 700 Lou~sianaSt The Woodlands, TX 77380 Bellaxe, TX 77401 Houston, TX 77001 Houston, TX 77251 Houston, TX 77002 377~5612 668-5912 663-2529 584-6017 237 0800 John E. Bain Roy E. Clark, Jr. David R. Grogan Gilbert E. Klefstad Valen D. Ott V P. Geophys~c~st Geophysical Analyst Geological Englneer General Manager Sr. Geolog~st L C T Houston Inc Exxon Company USA C~tation011 & Gas Corp. Transco Expl. Co. Marathon Oil Co 1155 Dalry Ashford Rd 6306 440 Benrnar #I221 8223 W~llowPlace South #250 P 0 Box 1396 5555 San Felipe Houston, TX 77079 Houston, TX 77060 Houston, TX 77070 Houston, TX 77251 Houston, TX 77253 558-8383 591~5482 469-9664 439-3549 629~6600 Ronald A. Bain Peter E. Coffin Gayle Patrick Hawkins Ron A. Krenzke Charles A. Ross Ch~efGeophys~c~st Project Geologist Sr. Geologist Pres~dent Sr B~ostratgrapher Anadarko Petroleum Corp Anadarko Petroleum Mesa Lim~tedPartnership South Coast Exploration Co Chevron USA Inc. 16855 Northchase P.O. Box 1330 P '3.Box 2009 13164 Memorial #234 P.0 Box 1635 Houston, TX 77060 Houston, TX 77251 Amar~llo,TX 79189 Houston, TX 77079 Houston, TX 77251 875-1101 874-1628 (806) 378-1070 754~2885 Marvin D. Brittenham Radivoj M. Drecun Denis J. Haydel, 111 Mike S. Kucera Brian D. Rovelli Explorat~onMgr Pres~dent DIV.Geophyslclst Geoscient~stI Staff Geolog~st Columb~aGas De~elupment Advanced Data Solutions Pennzoll Fugro-McClelland Marme Geos Elf Exploration Inc One R~verway 5555 W. Loop S. #460 700 Milam 6100 Hillcrofr 1000 Louisiana #3800 Houston. TX 77231 Bellaire, TX 77401 Houston, TX 77252 Houston, TX 77274 Houston, TX 77002 871 3400 661~5434 546-6030 778-5500 739-2199 Deborah N. Bulling Laura Stager Foulk Donald E. Hibbard Jeff C. Lautier James A. Stites 7506 Marble Glen Lri I/AE-Geolog~st Consulting Geologist Geologist Staff Geolog~st Houston, TX 77095 Schlumberger 14937 Ventura Blvd. State of N. Carolina V~rgmiaIndonesia 859 0684 5005 M~tchelldalet200 Sherman Oaks, CA 91403 N.C.-D.E.M./N Salisbury St. P.O. Box 1551 Houston, TX 77092 (818) 986~8054 Raleigh, NC Houston, TX 77251 (919) 733-3221 650-7100 (Con'd. on pg. 45)

RESERVOIR GEOLOGIST Texaco Inc., Eastern Exploration and Production Region, is seeking to fill a full-time applied geological research position in its New Orleans, Louisiana office. The position is to be filled as soon as possible. Applicants should have an M.S. or Ph.D. in geology, with two to five years relevant experience. The successful candidate will perform investigations utilizing petrographic, SEM/EDS, XRD, geochemical, and stratigraphic data for integration into various geological and engineering petroleum production applications. In addition, candidates must demonstrate the ability to generate predictive stratigraphic models from limited data for incorporation into regional exploratory efforts. Computer experience is also desirable. The position requires simultaneous handling of numerous active projects, and the ability to perform within limited time allowances. Resumes should be sent to: A. R. Thomas Texaco Inc. P.O. Box 60252 New Orleans, Louisiana 70160 (504) 595-1624 Texaco Inc. is an equal opportunity employer. Principals only need apply. No agencies.

49 Houston Geological Soctety Bullettn October 1990

--- EXPLORA TION AC TIVITY RE VIEW By Bill Eisenhardt Consultant, Geol. Representative-Geomap Co. National Rig Count: August 27-1002; Year Ago-909 Gulf of Mexico Rig Count: 147

GULF COAST section. At the Marg tex horizon the new venture spots on Texas irregular south dip off the Anse La Butte dome and in close proximity to a basinward-dipping, fault. Amerada Hess has staked a 12,100' Wilcox outpost about 2 miles southeast of Queen City and Wilcox gas Farther east, in eastern lberville Parish, Helmerich & production at Los Mogotes Field in north central Zapata Payne will drill their #1 SL 13603to 13,500'one mile north of County. The #20 Haynes is 3 miles southeast of the closest Siph dav, Het, and Marg vag production at Laurel Ridge Wilcox producer (Amerada #8 Haynes), the Queen City Field. Deep sediments of the Cam A/Cib hazz section are being the pay zone in most of the nearby field wells. At the the probable targets. At the Heterostegina horizon the new Carrizo Wilcox horizon the new venture spots on slightly test spots on the northward plunging western Laurel Ridge nosing southeast dip off the faulted Los Mogotes Field anticline upthrown to the northern down-to-the-basin fault. structure. Texoil Company is drilling ahead towards a 17,800' TD Farther southeast in Zapata County, Sanchez-O'Brien at their #1 Foret, 1 112 miles south of Southwest Lake Boeuf will drill a 16,500' deeper pool wildcat east of El Grullo Field, Field (Cib op and Operc production) in northern La productive from the Wilcox with deepest pays between Fourche Parish. The new venture will evaluate upper 11,050' and 11,210'. The #1 Vela is 2 miles southwest of the Operc sands, and is about 2500' east of the Watson #1 Shell #1 El Grullo Minerals, a 17,500' dry hole drilled in 1981 Theriot, completed from a Rob 43 sand flowing 254 but not abandoned until 1984. At the Carrizo Wilcox MCFGPD and 323 BCPD, but never designated as a new horizon the new test spots on moderate southeast dip field. Very sparse sand was logged in the deep portion of this between a pair of down-to-the-eastfaults. hole. At the upper Operculinoides horizon the new test spots near the crest of a small anticline downthrown to a Dan Hughes is drilling below 4000' towards a 17,000' down-to-the-basinfault. TD at the #1 Algea Gas Unit, a deeper pool wildcat in Orangedale (Wilcox)Field in western Bee County. Targets MESOZOIC TREND of the new test are middle and lower Wilcox sands. Deepest production in the area is 5 112 miles northeast at East Texas the Sun (Oryx) #1 Brown which flowed 3,300 MCFGPD Murphy Oil USA is drilling below 2200' at a rank from the Wilcox at 14,786 - 15,488. At the top Wilcox Jurassic wildcat in north central Hunt County, several horizon the wildcat spots on the south flank of the faulted miles beyond the Smackover's updip limit. The #1 Moore is Orangedale Field structure. scheduled to 6500' reportedly to test the Cotton Valley. A 4500'Yegua test has been scheduled by Lytle Creek Nearest production (Paluxy) was 12 miles southeast at the Operating 2 112 miles southeast of Wilcox production at now-abandoned Campbell Field. Halletsville South Field in Lavaca County. The #1 Steffek- In southern Van Zandt County, Palmer Petroleum Kubena Unit is a northwest offset to the dry Katz #1 Kubena has staked an 8900' Travis Peak wildcat 4 miles southeast which was drilled to 10,518' TD and logged thin reservoir of Rodessa and Cotton Valley production at Tundra Field. quality Yegua sands between 4095-4500'. Yegua structure The #1 Naquin is less than a mile southeast of a 14,675' here is irregular southeast dip. Smackover dry hole (Farmland Int'l. Energy #1 Griffin) In southeastern Montgomery County, Famcor Oil which reported no cores or tests. Structure at the base will drill an 11,000' Wilcox wildcat, the #1 Champion, 3 314 Massive Anhydrite is regional southeast dip. miles southwest of Wilcox production at Fostoria Field. At the top Wilcox horizon the new test spots on irregular south North Louisiana dip. Herd Producing will re-enter the McConothy Prod. #1 Bays in northeastern Claiborne parish, abandoned in Farther south, still in Montgomery County, Rodel 1984 at TD 10,625' in the Smackover with no cores or tests Oil & Gas will test Yegua sands 3 112 miles southeast of reported. Nearest production is 2 miles southwest at Mt. Yegua gas production at Paul Nelson West Field. The #1 Sinai Field, a Smackover reservoir. At the Smackover Burkett, scheduled for 8200', appears to be located on horizon the re-entry is located on the southwest flank of a regional southeast dip at the top Yegua horizon. small, nonproductive structure within a northwest-southeast trending Jurassic fault zone which is an extension of the South Louisiana Stateline fault system. Texaco will drill a 14,000' Bol mex test between Anse La Butte and Broussard Fields in extreme western St. Farther east, in northern West Carroll Parish, Martin Parish. The #2 Baldwin Lbr. Co. Fee is about 3500' Shuler Drilling is making hole at their #1 McIntosh, a 6000' northeast of the operator's #1 Baldwin, producing from the Smackover test 8 miles northwest of nearest Smackover Marg tex, with very sparse sand logged in the Bol mex production at the abandoned two-well Russell Bayou Field

Houston Geolog~calSociety Bullet~n,October 1990 in East Carroll Parish. Several Smackover dry holes have INTERNATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS been drilled within a mile northeast and southwest of the prou;ded by ~ETROCONS~LTANTS,Foreign Scouting wildcat, but no information is available regarding possible D~~~~~~~,G~~~~~,sWirzerland cores or tests. At the Smackover horizon the new venture spots on the south flank of a broad structural anomaly, LATIN AMERICA based on very limited control. Argentina (Onshore) Mississippi Pluspetrol announced an oil discovery at their Smith Production is drilling below 8000' at their #1 Cuchama 1001, first well drilled by the Pluspetrol/BHP/IFC Lowe, a 16,500' Hosston wildcat 4 112 miles west of Schley group in the Ollerros block (Cretaceous basin). The in southeastern Copiah County, marking the first drilling well reached a TD of 995 m (3265') and tested an aggregate activity in this county since 1977. Nearest production is 7 of 807 BOPD (21" API) from two intervals. 112 miles southeast at Hoover Field, productive from the Rodessa, Sligo and Hosston. Structure at the top lower EUROPE Tuscaloosa is regional southwest dip. Germany (Onshore) Farther east, in western Covington County, Oryx BEB and Deilmann separately announced two gas Energy has staked an 18,700' Cotton Valley test, the #1 discoveries in the Lower Saxony basin of northern Welch, on the south flank of Kola salt dome. Oryx has made Germany. In the Mamwide 513 permit, BEB's Friedrickseck discoveries on the flanks of nearby Centerville Dome Z-1 wildcat tested up to 12,200 MCFGPD from the Lower (Hosston production) and Dont Dome (Leaf River Field: Permian Wustrow Sandstone. In the Muensterland Rodessa and Sligo), and is currently drilling on the flanks of West permit, Deilmann completed their Ochtrop 2-3 in the Eminence Dome (Covington County) and Lampton Dome Upper Carboniferous. (Marion County). Oryx's recent successes, in conjunction with the 1985 discovery of West Raymond Field (Rodessa Svalbard (Onshore) production) on the flank of Oakley Dome in Hinds County, Norsk Hydro will drill an exploratory well in the Reindalen should continue to generate interest in the flanks of the 60 claim on the west coast of central Spitsbergen, with another known salt domes in the Mississippi Salt Basin. planned for 1991. The last well drilled in Svalbard, the Oxy USA has completed their #1 Mitchell 'A' as a Vassdalen 3, was abandoned by Arktikugol in September of lower Tuscaloosa oil discovery 3 314 miles northwest of last year on the Svalbard Paleozoic Platform. Objectives of lower Tuscaloosa production at Liberty Field in south- the wildcat were Triassic sandstones. western Amite County. Flow rate was 286 BOPD through perfs at 12,131-138'. At the top lower Tuscaloosa horizon Netherlands (Offshore) the new producer spots on subtle local nosing along regional Amoco's wildcat P/15-12 of early May is reported to southwest dip. have flowed 50,300 MCFGPD and 1,062 BPD condensate from the Triassic Bunter. GULF OF MEXICO United Kingdom (Offshore) Provided by Dwight's, a SOFTSEARCH Company Hamilton's wildcat 110/13-1, 35 km (21.7 miles) Union Exploration Partners Ltd. has discovered southeast of the Morecambe gas field, tested an aggregate natural gas on Brazos Block 375, a previously undrilled of 70,000 MCFGPD from two separate intervals in the lease about 15 miles south of Freeport, Texas. The OCS-G Triassic. Additional drilling is planned on the structure. 9010 #1 flowed at a test rate of 10.1 MMCFGPD from a middle Miocene zone. AFRICA Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. announced a Angola (Offshore) record oil flow rate at one of its wells off the Texas coast. Texaco has disclosed test results from the Savelha 1oil The High Island A-382 F-17, located approximately 110 discovery in the Lower Congo basin Block 2. The well miles southeast of Galveston in 342 feet of water, tested at a yielded an aggregate of more than 6,000 BOPD (22-25" API) stabilized flow rate of 9,300 BOPD, the highest rate ever from three zones below 2291 m (7517') over a 492' gross recorded from a single completion interval in Gulf of Mexico interval in the Albian Pinda dolomites. Location is 2.5 km history. The well also yielded 14 MMCFGPD. The zone (1.6 miles) ESE of the Bagre 1oil discovery (13,488 BOPD) tested was in the lower Pleistocene. The well en- and 35 km (21.7 miles) south of Soyo. Two other wildcats, countered a total of 485 feet of oil and gas pay, of which 319 the Morsa West 1, 28 km (17.4 miles) WNW of Quinzauh, feet was a continuous oil sand, one of the thickest ever and the Estrela 1, 32 km (19.9 miles) south of Soyo, encountered in the Gulf. encountered oil and were being tested in early July. Seagull Energy announced a gaslcondensate discovery at the Cockrell #2 on Shin Shoal Block 105 offshore Empt (Onshore) Louisiana, about 110 miles southwest of New Orleans. The IEOFC, the local Agip subsidiary, has made an oil successful exploratory well encountered five productive discovery in its Western Desert concession of Kanayes zones, one of which was tested. Flow rate was 5.5 (Northern Egypt basin). The Ii 30 wildcat reportedly MMCFGPD and 331 BCPD through perfs at 12,822-844'. tested 1,100 BPD of light sulphur-free crude from early Development plans will be finalized upon completion of a Cretaceous sands and late Jurassic Masajid seismic program. carbonates.

5 1 Houston Geological Soc~elyBulletin October 1990 Tunisia (Onshore) FAR EAST Marathon has spudded the Ajim 1 wildcat in its Gabes- China (Offshore) Djerba-Ben Gardane permit in the Pelagian basin. Two companies have recently encountered hydro- Drillsite is on the western coast of Djerba Island, about 13 carbons while drilling in the South China Sea. Esso has km (8.1 miles) west of Marathon's Robanna 1 oil discovery started testing its Wenchang 10-1-1wildcat in PSCA 39/11, which flowed 817 BOPD (43" API) from the Upper Jurassic 12 km (7.5 miles) ESE of the operator's 1988 discovery, M'rabtine formation. The new test is projected to 3960 m Wenchang 9-2-1, which flowed an aggregate of 25,400 (12,993'), with the Lower Cretaceous and Upper MCFGPD and 2,160 BCPD. Jurassic as the principal objectives. Phillips was preparing to begin a 20-day test program on outpost Xijiang 30-2-2 to evaluate four zones below 1600 m (5250') in the Lower to Middle Miocene Hanjiang AUSTRALIA formation. The appraisal is 1 114 miles east of Phillip's Western Australia (Offshore) Xijiang 30-2-1 discovery, completed in 1988 after testing unspecified amounts of oil. Woodside's outpost Wanaea 3 in the Carnarvon- Dampier basin flowed 6,000 BOPD and 5,400 MCFGPD from 2836-2846 m (9305-38')after encountering a 90 m (295') India (Onshore) oil column. A secondary interval at 2923.5-2925.5 m (9592- Oil India's Dandewala 1, located in the Jaisalmer 99') yielded 2,007 BOPD and 1,475MCFGPD. The Wanaea basin in Rajasthan near the Pakistan border, has been 3 appraisal confirms the importance of Woodside's 1989 reported as a gas discovery. Flow rate was 1,942 MCFGPD Wanaea discovery, probably the biggest Australian offshore from the Neocomian Pariwar sands between 2020.5 and oil discovery outside of Bass Strait. 2023.5 m (6629-39'). Six additional intervals remain to be tested. The discovery reached a TD of 4500 m (14,765'),the deepest so far in Rajasthan.

SUPER-LEARN SPANISH OR FRENCH ARABIC GERMAN RUSSIAN ENGLISH PORTUGUESE JAPANESE CHINESE English for Foreign Professionals Company Acreage and Activitv Statistics SW. Fr. 5.m On site training has been given at: Tenneco E & PI Exxon, Provides acreage holdings and activity of every Union Carbide. Amoco, British Gas and other locations U operator and partner company engaged in oil and 111 gas exploration and production internationally * 8 yrs. on site Corporate Seminars

* Clients include Houston's top. corporation! . World Production and Reserve Statistics SW. Fr. 4,000 Super Languages * Free on site group demo class UWlGrr0.L.T- Tables of daily, annual and cumulative oil and gas d~$!%'~ 661-8669 0 production by country and region, past and current, with reserves and ultimate recovery -- Hydrocarbon Diacoverie8 1980-1989 Sw. Fr. 3.125 CROSBIE-MACOMBER Paleonlological Laboralory. Inc 2705 Division St . Suile 4. Melairie. LA 70002 Assesses the amount of oil and condensate, and (504) 885-3930 Q natural gas discovered by New Field Wildcat drilling in international areas in the last decade Wm. A. Branllsy. Jr. Thomms U. Rallly

World Production and Reserve Statistics + W. Grant Black Brlan R. Russo Hydrocarbon Discoveries Sw. Fr. 5.000 PlanktrcWenlhic Forammrlers For delivery 01 these inv~luablesources 01 information, please lax or mail this Coupon to: Calcareous Nannolosslls PETROCONSULTANTS S.A Computerized data formats "BUGIN" or "CHECKLIST" 8-10 rue Muzy Nome: .. Graphic Range Chad Depidlng. 1211 Geneva Sequence Boundaries Switzerland Title: .._____ Condensed Seclions

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Houston Geolog~caiSoctety Buiietln. October 1990 5 2 "Support those who support our Society."

EXPLORlNG THE GULF COAST Union Texas PEL-TEX OIL COMPANY

Five Post Oak Park, Suite 1530 Petroleum Houston, Texas 77027 (713)439-1530

EARL P. BURKE. JR. - President JOEL 1. MILNER - Executive V.P.-Finance Houston BRIAN D. BURKE - Geologist 1330 Post Oak Boulevard GLENN P. BURKE - Geologist Houston. TX 77056 STEPHEN J. FOLZENLOGEN - Geologist (7 13) 623-6544 WILLIAM A. FARRELL - Landman

Denver Midland 14001 E. Iliff 4000 N. Big Spring Suite 500 Suite 400 Aurora, CO 80014 Midland, TX 79705 (303) 695-8778 (9 15) 684-0600

Leaders In REGIONAL PROJECTSPLANNED We are currently preparing the three regional Independeu,t synthetic seismogram studies below to be available on a nonexclusive basis in the fourth quarter of. Procesls~hg of this year. Austin Chalk - Production quality vs. seismic Dipmeters and response catalog and statistical overview. Starr-Hidalgo - Deep test synthetic seismogram Borehole study. Image Dab South Texas Upper Wilcox - Deep test synthetic seismogram study.

To receive the complete proposal for these projects please write or call:

2141 W. Governors Cr., Ste. A, Houston, Tx. 77092 (7l3) 956-1286 ResTech Houston 1441 1 cornerstone Village Drive Houston, TX 77069 (71 3) 537-8300 Fax (71 3) 537-6256

53 Houston Geolog~calSoc~ety Bullet~n October 1990

- - .""". "Support those who support our Soaety."

Seirrnlc Sequence Stratigraphlc Analyrls ProJect

Each participating company will receive: Detailed Well Reports (number depends on number of companies) High Resolution Biostratigraphy and Paleobathymetry Check1 ists Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis Chart with: - Evaluated Biostratigraphic "tops" of: Calcareous Nannofossi 1s For detailed information, Planktonic and Benthic Foraminifers Walter W. Wornardt - Condensed Sections and Sequence Boundaries MICRO-STRAT INC. with age in Ma 5755 Bonhonye, Suite 406 - Systems Tracts: Houston, TX 77036 Basin Floor Fan, Slope Fan, Prograding Wedge, Phone 713-977-2120 Transgressive and High Stand Systems Tracts FAX 303-292-3516 RESTRICTION: - .- Each company participating in this MICRO-STRAT INC. project must contribute samples from Squmn Stratigraphy &mtya~r P.~y-Pslyno*cles at least one well in either Mkropsleontology Ge-nF Sarden Banks Areas 0.0c~1.t~

Well Log Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy Course Peter. R. Vail, Ph.D., Maurice Ewing Chair, Rice University Walter Wornardt, Ph.D. President, MICRO-STRAT INC., Adjunct Prof., Rice Univ. Friday and Saturday, November 2 - 3, 1990, 8:00 am-5: 15 PM Doubletree Hotel at Allen Center, V07J Dallas (at Bagby), 759-0202

Course Descri tion: Lecture 5 hours, Workshop 11 hours -h Td-eso ution Biostratigraphy principle and practices - ~tility of high resolution bi~stratigraph~in recognition of condensed sections, sequence boundaries, systems tracts and geologic age - Interpretation of paleoenvironments and lithofacies from well log pattern - Identification of sequence boundaries, condensed sections and systems tracts on E-logs and seismic record sections from Gulf of Mexico data set - Hands-on practical application workshop of Sequence Stratigraphy practices on vie11 logs and tied to a seismic record section Registration fee is $395 per person

The session is limited to 50 participants from oil companies or independent geological/geophysical consultants.

A portion of your registration fee will be donated to the Rice University Sequence Stratigraphy and Micropaleontology Research Fund.

For additional information, MICRO-STRAT INC., 5755 Bonhomme, Suite 406 or to register, contact: Houston, Texas 77036 Phone (713) 977-2120

Houston Geolog~calSociety Bullet~n.October 1990 2,6 75 Miles A vailable Along The Gulf Coast !

760,000 Miles Available In The Gulf Of Mexico ! Springer for Geology Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs J.H. Barwis, Shell Research B.V., The Netherlands; J.G. McPhemn, Mobil R&D Corporation, Dallas Research Laboratory, Dallas TX and J.R J. Studlick, Shell Oil Company, Houston, TX CEds.)

Aimed at both the petroleum explorationist and the student, Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs demonstrates the interdisciphq approach necessary for a thorough understamkg of sandstone reservoirs. Resemoir awe sa#lies fiom all the major sandstone dqxvdiobal environments are presented. Every professional and student will want a capy of this book. 19901583 pp., 448 illus./Hludcover/~.OO ISBN 0-38747217-X (Casebooks In EdSciences)

Argillaceous Rock Atlas Forthcoming.. N.R. O'Brien, Potsdam College of the Sta& University Microstructure of Fine-Grained of New York and R.M. Shtl, ARC0 Oil & Gas Co.. Sediments Research and Technical Services Prom Mud to Shale RH. Bennett, Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Argillaceous Rock Atlas takes a unique approach to the Research Laboratory. W.R. Bryant, Texas A&M study of shale and ocher argillaceous rocks, in durt it University and M.H. Hulbert, LMC/Pitman-Moore. hc. focuses on microfabric. Amply illulratd with scanning electron and thin-section photomicrographs (some in (Eds.1 color) and x-radiographs, the atlas prwides a vbud reference for the fine-grained texwof argillaceous This new volume examines clay microstructure in detail with comprebnsive sections focussing on mic~osuucture rocks. signatues, environmental processes, modeling, measure- 19901141 pp., 242 iUusJHardoov~/$59.99 ment techniques, and future research recommendations. ISBN 0-387-a73064 Many of these topics are discussed in light of geological and engineering applications, such as hazardous waste Sedimentol~gyof Shale disposal, construction techniques. and drilling programs P.Potter, J 5.Maynard and W.A. hyor, 199llapprox. 624 pp., 475 iUusJHardcoverl$98.00 University of Cincinnati JSBN 0-387-97339-7 (Frontiers of Sedinreniary Geology) SedimeMology of Shale provides an overview of the sedimentary processes, the disbibutions of shalw, and Order Today! their physical, chemical, and biological Prapames. Call Toll-Free: l-sO)SPRINGE(R). in NJ, call 201-348-4033. Uniquely forward-looking, this volume offus approaches When ordering by klephoae. pkasc refer lo S607. For mil orden. to the study and research of shales. aand paymuu. plus $2.50 far poorage and handling to: 1980/553 pp., 355 ilhrslHerdeoapaaCS3M) Springer-Verhg New Yo* Inr Ann: L Bonito, Depl SB07 ISBN 0-387-90430-1 175 RW Avenue, 21s Floor Mew York.NY 10010 (NY,NJ and CA residents,phase include appropriate sales tax. I Springer-Verlag

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Hourton Geological Society Bulletin. Octotmr 1 SO0 FORNEY & McCOMBS

OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida

Forney & McCombs is actively seeking high quality drillable prospects or development of geological/geophysical ideas or leads. We can operate or participate with proven industry companies. Partial interests are acceptable.

5599 SAN FELIPE SUITE 1200 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77056 (713) 621-0033

TERRA RESOURCES, INC.

GULF COAST REGIONAL OFFICE FIVE GREENWAY PLAZA, STE. 300

HOUSTON, TEXAS 77046 PRAIRIE r(7 13) 960- 1040 ACTIVE AND GROWING IN THE GULF COAST

PRODUCING - <+d COMPANY Mc Kenae Petroleum Company9 McKenQe Me thone Corporation DENVER HOUSTON BIRMINGHAM 5847 San Felipe Road Suite 4300 A PLACER DOME COMPANY Houston. Texas 77057 I (713) 783-4300 Telecopier (713) 78 1-7809 700 CITICORP CENTER, 1200 SMITH STREET Mchael McKenzie Jack Logan Steve Jeu HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002 (713) 654-0700 Steven D McKenzie J.C. Halnes Dan Clark Timothy S McKenzie Joel Pasernan Tom OH1 B~ltyJ Neal Al Heertlein Howard Dennls Lenny Frazler

57 Houston Geolog~calSoclety Bullet~nOctober 1990 "Support those who support our Society."

LOYD TUTTLE PALE0 CONTROL, INC.

PALEONTOLOGISTS AND GEOLOGISTS

5625 N.W CENTRAL DR D-100 I, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77092 (7131 690-4255

PAT CREECH

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SINCLAIR EXPLOF ATION COMPANY ERWIN ENE G CORP.

We welcorne submittals of prospects frorn independent qeologists. Subrnittols may either be in the form of qeological ideas which need to be leased or ready--to-drill prospects. Only propects with 100% interest uvailable are requested-no fractional interests please. Onshore non-pipe tests with development potential ore preferred.

SINCLAIR EXPLORATION COMPANY 1 ERWIN ENERGY CORP. 81 !> WALKEII, SUI IE 1352, HOUSTON, TEXAS 17002 71 3 225 3530

EVERGREEN OIL & GAS Operations and Property Management / WESTERN GEOPHYSICAL Western Atlas Registered Operator in Texas and Louisiana 1nP;ernational A LrnonIDresrer cc.wany Accredited Reserve &Cash Flow Evaluations 10,001 Richmond Avenue Expert Witness in OiI & Gas Litigation P.O.Box 2469 Houston, Texas 77252-2469 Field lnspcctions and Operations (713) 789-9600. Telex 762406 Property Management and Accounting Fax (713) 789-0172 Vancc Usher 10649 Braes Bend (713) 981-9698 Houston, TX 7'7071

Houston Geologcal Society Bullet~n,Octob~r 1990 58 J

5 9 Houston Geolog~calSociety Bullet~nOctober 1990 @ PIERCEPETROLEUM Oil and Gas Development

Committed to providing the best 1201 Louisiana Street, Suite 3320 Houston, Texas 77002 in service and technology (713) 655-7053

- Reservoir Geology (specialists in Complex Reserv lirs) Pierce Petroleum is actively - Rock Mechanics Research - Routine Core Analysis (Full Diameter & Plug) - Special Core Analysis seeking quality prospect ideas - Sponge Core Analysis - Coalbed Methane Studies - Regional Geologic Studies and ground floor prospects in - Geochemistry - Cat-Scan Analysis - Fractured Core Analysis the Gulf Coast. - In-Situ Stress Measurements

SALT LAKE CITY HOUSTON MIDLAND Please Contact Cathy Pierce (800) 372-2522 (7131 939-8430 1915) 684-4585 Vice President Land DAI.I.AS DENVER (8001 338-3182 (303) 595-0263 at (71 3) 655-7053

Electric Logs, Micropaleontology, and Seismic econstructing Depositional Environments

+Models for Predicting Downdip Sandstone

I Marc B. Edwards \ \ 713/728-4215 J. Loyd Tuttle 7131690-4255

dusto on Geological Soclety Bulletin October 1990 60 "Support those who support our Society."

713 360 2711 PO Roi 5181 EARL BURKE Kmgvwd Geologist - Geophysicist - Engineer Texas 77339 place your business card here. Marilyn Crane Send $113 with two cards and FIVEPOST OAK PA~K Conwltlng Poleontologlst SUITE 1530 you're advertising all year. HOUSTON TEXAS77027 Foramm\lera & Ormcoder Jurlsr~lo Rcccnt 7 13/439 1 530 Spectalm MI Cull Coal and Olfrhore Atlanuc

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Houston Geolog~calSociety Bullet~n.October 1990 "Support those who support our Society."

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Hauston Geolog~calSoc~ety Bullet~n, October 1990 "Support those who support our Society."

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Houston Geologlcdl Society Bullet~nOctober 1990 "Support those who support our Society."

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Houston Geolog~calSoc~ety Bullet~n. October 1990 64 "Support those who support our Society."

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