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THE WHIG INTERPRETATION of the HISTORY of RED RIVER By
THE WHIG INTERPRETATION OF THE HISTORY OF RED RIVER By BRIAN MARTIN GALLAGHER B.A., The University of British Columbia, 1980 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of History) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September, 1986 ® Brian Martin Gallagher, 1986 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date /0 Ot^^Ly E-6 (3/81) ii ABSTRACT The whig interpretation, which can be most simply defined as the idea that past events led in direct and progressive stages to the present, has long been recognized as a basic historiographic fallacy. The fullest expression of the whig interpretation of western Canadian history is to be found in the works of George F.G. Stanley and W.L. Morton. In presenting a narrative reconstruction of the events surrounding Canada's annexation of Red River, these authors primarily attempt to justify Canadian policy as the extension of British civilization. -
From This Valley They Say You Are Going
The Red River Valley The Origins of this Popular Folk Song E B7 E There never could / be such a / longing From this valley they say you are going, In the heart of a pure maiden's / breast, B7 That / dwells in the / heart you are / breaking We will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile, As I / wait in my / home in the / West. E E7 A For they say you are taking the sunshine And the dark maiden's / prayer for her / lover E B7 E To the Spirit that rules o’r the / world; That brightens our pathway a while May his / pathway be / ever in / sunshine, Is the / prayer of the / Red River / girl. E B7 E Come and sit by my side if you love me, Come and sit by my / side if you / love me, B7 Do not hasten to bid me a/dieu, Do not hasten to bid me adieu, But re/member the / Red River / Valley E E7 A And the / girl that has / loved you so / true. But remember the Red River Valley E B7 E And the girl that has loved you so true. Red River Valley is a folk song often sung by the Sons of the Pioneers. It was widely believed to be a Texas re-working of For a long time / I have been / waiting a popular American song of 1896, "In the Bright Mohawk For those dear words you never would / say, Valley." However, research has found that it was known in But at / last all my / fond hopes have / vanished, at least five Canadian provinces before then. -
Depiction of the Red River Rebellion in Canadian History Textbooks Robert Briscoe, Rachel Shindman, Melissa Sit, Tracy Wong
Evolution of the Depiction of the Red River Rebellion in Canadian History Textbooks Robert Briscoe, Rachel Shindman, Melissa Sit, Tracy Wong “In constructing the collective memory, textbooks play a dual role: on the one hand, they provide a sense of continuity between the past and the present, transmitting accepted historical narratives; on the other, they alter - or rewrite - the past in order to suit the contemporary needs.”i - Elie Podeh Historical Question to be Answered How has the portrayal of the Red River Rebellion been presented in Canadian history textbooks over the 20th and 21st centuries, and what, if any, are some of the forces behind changes in this portrayal? Thesis This report aims to track changes in the presentation of the Red River Rebellion in a variety of Ontario secondary school textbooks from the 1930s to present day. By considering the local and global contexts in which these books were written, it is expected that the language and portrayal of the Red River Rebellion will significantly change over time. In particular, with increasing attention to minority rights in the sixties and seventies, it is expected that textbooks written after 1970 will come to represent an increasing range of viewpoints surrounding these controversial historical issues. Historical Background The Red River Rebellion (also known as the Red River Resistance) was a series of events that occurred between 1869 and 1870 in what is now the Canadian Province of Manitoba. Until 1869, the area had been under the control of the Hudson’s Bay Company. In 1869, the Hudson’s Bay Company sold the land to Canada. -
THE 1866 FENIAN RAID on CANADA WEST: a Study Of
` THE 1866 FENIAN RAID ON CANADA WEST: A Study of Colonial Perceptions and Reactions Towards the Fenians in the Confederation Era by Anthony Tyler D’Angelo A thesis submitted to the Department of History In conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada September, 2009 Copyright © Anthony Tyler D’Angelo, 2009 Abstract This thesis examines Canada West’s colonial perceptions and reactions towards the Fenian Brotherhood in the Confederation era. Its focus is on the impact of the Fenians on the contemporary public mind, beginning in the fall of 1864 and culminating with the Fenian Raid on the Niagara frontier in June 1866. Newspapers, sermons, first-hand accounts, and popular poems and books from the time suggest the Fenians had a significant impact on the public mind by nurturing and reflecting the province’s social and defensive concerns, and the Raid on Canada West was used by contemporaries after the fact to promote Confederation and support a young Canadian identity. ii Writing a thesis is sometimes fun, often frustrating and always exacting, but its completion brings a satisfaction like no other. I am grateful to Queen’s University and the Department of History for giving me the opportunity to pursue this study; its completion took far longer than I thought, but the lessons learned were invaluable. I am forever indebted to Dr. Jane Errington, whose patience, knowledge, guidance and critiques were as integral to this thesis as the words on the pages and the sources in the bibliography. I cannot imagine steering the murky waters of historiography and historical interpretation without her help. -
Métis Identity in Canada
Métis Identity in Canada by Peter Larivière A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Geography Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2015, Peter Larivière Abstract The understanding and acknowledgement of Aboriginal rights has grown in importance within Canada as a result of the ever changing legal landscape and as Aboriginal groups more forcefully confront decades of colonial rule to assert their historic rights. While this has predominantly come out of First Nations issues, there has been a gradual increase in the rights cases by Métis communities. Primary among these was the 2003 Supreme Court of Canada Powley decision which introduced how Métis identity and community identification are key in a successful litigation claim by Métis. This research considers questions surrounding the contentious nature of Métis identity including how Métis see themselves and how their understandings are prescribed by others including the state, through tools such as the Census of Canada. ii Acknowledgements There is always a fear in acknowledging the support of individuals who assisted over the years that someone may be missed. So let me thank all those whose paths I have crossed and who in their own way set the stage for my being in this very place at this time. Without you I would not have made it here and I thank you. There are specific people who I do wish to highlight. My mother and father and my sister and her family all played a role not only in my formative years but continue to be part of my every day. -
Doctrine of Discovery Research
Doctrine of Discovery Research Quotations from the A&P and WMS Annual Reports (and some additional sources*) which reflect a colonial attitude towards Indigenous people by The Presbyterian Church in Canada Prepared by: Bob Anger, Assistant Archivist, April 2018 * The quotes noted are essentially a large sampling. The list is not intended to be exhaustive or definitive; nor is it intended to reflect all aspects of the history of the Church’s interactions with Indigenous people. The A&P and WMS annual reports have been used as they reflect more or less official statements by the General Assembly and the WMS. Aside from these, there are a few quotes from Synod and Presbytery minutes, as well as quotes from the letters of Rev. James Nisbet which shed light on the early years. 1 Abbreviations PCC – The Presbyterian Church in Canada CPC – Canada Presbyterian Church FMC – Foreign Mission Committee HMC – Home Mission Committee HMB – Home Mission Board GBM – General Board of Mission WFMS – Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society WMS – Womens’ Missionary Society (Western Division) A&P – Acts and Proceedings of the General Assembly of The Presbyterian Church in Canada Note All quotations are from materials housed within The Presbyterian Church in Canada Archives. 2 Table of Contents 1866………………………………………………………………………………………….pg. 7 Quotes re: the first meeting between Rev. James Nisbet and the Indigenous people living along the North Saskatchewan River, near what is today Prince Albert, Saskatchewan (pg.7) 1867-1874...........................................................................................................................pg. 9 Quotes re: transfer of territory from the Hudson’s Bay Company to the Canadian Government (pg. 9) Quotes re: presumed inferiority of Indigenous culture and/or superiority of Euro-Canadian culture; use of terms such as “heathen” and “pagan” (pg. -
Historical Profile of the Great Slave Lake Area's Mixed European-Indian Ancestry Community
Historical Profile of the Great Slave Lake Area’s Mixed European-Indian Ancestry Community by Gwynneth Jones Research and & Aboriginal Law and Statistics Division Strategic Policy Group The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Justice Canada. i Table of Contents Abstract ii Author’s Biography iii I. Executive Summary iv II. Methodology/Introduction vi III. Narrative A. First Contact at Great Slave Lake, 1715 - 1800 1 B. Mixed-Ancestry Families in the Great Slave Lake Region to 1800 12 C. Fur Trade Post Life at 1800 19 D. Development of the Fur Trade and the First Mixed-Ancestry Generation, 1800 - 1820 25 E. Merger of the Fur Trade Companies and Changes in the Great Slave Lake Population, 1820 - 1830 37 F. Fur Trade Monopoly and the Arrival of the Missionaries, 1830 - 1890 62 G. Treaty, Traders and Gold, 1890 - 1900 88 H. Increased Presence and Regulations by Persons not of Indian/ Inuit/Mixed-Ancestry Descent, 1905 - 1950 102 IV. Discussion/Summary 119 V. Suggestions for Future Research 129 VI. References VII. Appendices Appendix A: Extracts of Selected Entries in Oblate Birth, Marriage and Death Registers Appendix B: Métis Scrip -- ArchiviaNet (Summaries of Genealogical Information on Métis Scrip Applications) VIII. Key Documents and Document Index (bound separately) Abstract With the Supreme Court of Canada decision in R. v. Powley [2003] 2 S.C.R., Métis were recognized as having an Aboriginal right to hunt for food as recognized under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. -
St. Laurent Teacher's Guide Booklet Style.Qxp
Director’s Notes on St. Laurent DVD As a journalist and filmmaker, I have had the opportunity to visit many towns and cities. I have lived in rural and urban Saskatchewan, and I have studied and worked in Winnipeg, the Ottawa area, and in Montreal. A couple of years ago, I decided to take a break from big-city life and moved to Saint-Laurent, Manitoba, where I have family. What strikes me about Saint-Laurent is how the community has managed to preserve a unique and appealing way of life that is based on the vibrant Métis culture. I had never experienced anything quite like it. Of course, the people of Saint-Laurent enjoy all the advantages of contemporary life. They live in modern houses with computers and high-speed Internet. They golf, they recycle, they eat out, and they travel. Many of them work or study in Winnipeg, which is just an hour away. But in their homes, their schools, and their recreational centres, these people are also playing the fiddle, learning traditional dances, and eating deer, duck, and even muskrat stew. They speak Michif, French, and English. They fish, they hunt, they raise horses, and they are proud to be Métis. This way of life—modern, yet rooted in culture and tradition—makes Saint-Laurent unique and so noteworthy that it is featured in the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C. This DVD is about progressive people looking to the future while drawing strength from their rich heritage. This DVD is about the Métis spirit thriving in a small, ordinary—yet extraordinary—community. -
George Flett, Native Presbyterian Missionary: "Old Philosopher"/"Rev 'D Gentleman1'
UNIVERSITY OF MANLTOBA/UNIVERSITY OF WINNIPEG JOINT MASTER'S PROGRAM GEORGE FLETT, NATIVE PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONARY: "OLD PHILOSOPHER"/"REV 'D GENTLEMAN1' THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE HISTORY DEPARTMENT IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY ALVINA BLOCK WINNIPEG, MANITOBA OCTOBER, 1997 National Library Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 WeliiiStreet 395, nre Wellington OttawaON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seU reproduire, prêter, distriiuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic fomts. la forme de microfiche/fïlq de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantid extracts f?om it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES ***** COPYRIGHT PERMISSION PAGE GEORGE PfiETï, HATIVE PBESBYTERUH MISSIOî?AEY: "OLD PBZLOSOPfIE61'1/"BEV' D -" A ThesidPracticum submitted to the Facalty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fnlnllment of the reqairements of the degree of Permission has been granted to the Library of The University of Manitoba to lend or se11 copies of this thesWpracticum, to the National Library of Canada to microfilm this thesis and to lend or seil copies of the film, and to Dissertations Abstracts International to pubIish an abstract of this thesis/practicum. -
Biographical Information Template
Compilation of Biographies: Members of the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia This compilation should be considered a guide only. After researching identities of the members of the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia for several months, it has become clear that it is not currently possible to supply complete biographies, free of errors or ommissions, for all of the members of the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia. It may take future researchers years to reach satisfactory conclusions as to exact biographical details for some individuals. In this compilation, where possible, links are supplied to online biographies of the members listed below. In instances where online biographies are not available, or there are questions about an individual’s identity or historical activity, additional biographical notes are supplied. ______________________________________________________________________ Contents: Andrew Graham Ballenden Bannatyne ................................................................................. 2 André Beauchemin ................................................................................................................. 3 Baptiste Beauchemin .............................................................................................................. 4 Curtis James Bird .................................................................................................................... 5 John Black .............................................................................................................................. -
MÉTIS RESOURCES School Division #62 (Sooke)
MÉTIS RESOURCES School Division #62 (Sooke) http://www.sd62.bc.ca/staff/district-resource-centre/ ORDER TITLE AND DESCRIPTION LEVELS NUMBER BP0204 FAMILY CONNECTIONS II: IDENTIFYING THEME Primary A collection of picture books for use with primary students. Titles: Baby Whale's Journey, Bearcub, I Have Feelings, Julius, Baby of the World, Knuffle Bunny, Little Métis and the Métis Sash, A Mama for Owen, Pirates Don't Change Diapers, The Seven Silly Eaters, and Your Family Tree. DVD LOUIS RIEL PART 1: MANITOBA: THE RED RIVER REBELLION Secondary 971.051 Pt. 1 Known as the father of Manitoba, Louis Riel was at the centre of the Métis rebellion that led to the establishment of Manitoba as a province. Archival photos tell the story of Riel, from his birth in St. Boniface to his election as a Member of Parliament, and his exile from Canada. Relates the events at the Red River Settlement, including the establishment of the Provisional Government of 1869, the capture of Fort Garry, the role of Prime Minister John A. MacDonald, and the execution of Thomas Scott. DVD LOUIS RIEL PART 2: SASKATCHEWAN: THE NORTHWEST Secondary 971.051 REBELLION Pt. 2 The episode begins with Riel in exile. An invitation to return to the Canadian Northwest in the summer of 1884 brought him to the South Saskatchewan valley, where Métis settlers were locked in a struggle for their rights. When Riel's efforts to negotiate for his people failed, he spearheaded the Northwest Rebellion. This program follows the progression of the rebellion, including the Battle of Duck Lake, the Battle of Fish Creek, and the Battle of Batoche. -
Collective Memory, Identity, and the Veterans of 1869-70 and 1885
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 3-26-2018 12:00 PM Remembering Rebellion, Remembering Resistance: Collective Memory, Identity, and the Veterans of 1869-70 and 1885 Matthew J. McRae The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Vance, Jonathan The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in History A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Matthew J. McRae 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Cultural History Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation McRae, Matthew J., "Remembering Rebellion, Remembering Resistance: Collective Memory, Identity, and the Veterans of 1869-70 and 1885" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5299. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5299 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This dissertation analyses two of the Canadian state’s earliest military operations through the lens of personal and collective memory: The Red River conflict of 1869-70 and the Northwest Campaign of 1885. Both campaigns were directed by the Canadian state against primarily Métis and First Nations opponents. In each case, resistance to Canadian hegemony was centered on, though not exclusively led by, Métis leader Louis Riel. This project focuses on the various veteran communities that were created in the aftermath of these two events. On one side, there were the Canadian government soldiers who had served in the campaigns and were initially celebrated by English-Canadian society.