How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Therya ISSN: 2007-3364 Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A. C. Narváez Romero, Carlos; Reyes Puig, Carolina; Valle, Darwin; Brito, Jorge New records and estimation of the potential distribution of the Stump-Tailed Porcupine Coendou rufescens Therya, vol. 9, no. 2, 2018, May-June, pp. 137-146 Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A. C. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-18-581 Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=402358306005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative THERYA, 2018, Vol. 9 (2): 137-146 DOI: 10.12933/therya-18-581 ISSN 2007-3364 New records and estimation of the potential distribution of the Stump-Tailed Porcupine Coendou rufescens CARLOS NARVÁEZ-ROMERO1, CAROLINA REYES-PUIG2, DARWIN VALLE3, AND JORGE BRITO4,5* 1 Coordinación Región Austro, Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos del Ecuador (PCME), Asociación Ecuatoriana de Mastozoología, Quito. Ecuador. Email: [email protected] (CNR). 2 Instituto de Zoología Terrestre, Museo de Zoología, Instituto BIOSFERA, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) campus Cumbayá, Casilla Postal 17-1200-841, Quito. Ecuador. Email: [email protected] (CRP) 3 Equanativa Cía. Ltda, Loja, Ecuador. Email: [email protected] (DV). 4 Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Casilla 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador. 5 Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Calle Rumipamba 341 y Av. de los Shyris, Casilla: 17-07-8976, Quito. Ecuador. Email: [email protected] (JB). *Corresponding author The stump-tailed porcupine (Coendou rufescens) is a medium-sized species that inhabits subtropical, temperate and High-Andean forests of the northern Andes, at 800 to 3,650 m asl. This species is characterized by a short non-prehensile tail and a distinctive reddish color. Here, we report new localities for Coendou rufescens in Ecuador based on direct field sightings and the revision of mammal collections. In addition, we conducted a review of literature records of C. rufescens throughout its distribution range. A total of 52 georeferenced records were mod- eled for the potential distribution at the regional level (Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) based on 19 bioclimatic variables. Finally, we overlaid the layers of vegetation remnants and state protected areas. We report 10 new localities for Coendou rufescens in Ecuador; these records are concentrated to southern Ecuador between 1,120 to 4,387 masl. Fifty two records found that the bioclimatic variables Temperature Seasonality (BIO4) and Minimum Temperature of the Coldest Month (BIO6) associated with the type of habitat made the greatest significant contribution to the distribution model of C. rufescens. The suitable habitat for the species spans across ~ 448,820 km2, with 50.4 % in Colombia. These findings indicate that the locality Camino del Inca in Sangay National Park, at 4,387 m asl, is considered the highest-elevation record for C. rufescens and the family Erethizontidae. Colombia and Peru include the highest proportion of potential habitat across its range (40.2 % and 32.7 %) based on remnant vegetation; however, Ecuador maintains the largest proportion of the porcupine distribution within protected areas (35.5%), with a larger extent of landscape connectivity, essential for the conservation of C. rufescens. El puerco espín de cola corta (Coendou rufescens) es una especie de tamaño mediano que habita los bosques Subtropicales, Templados y Alto-Andinos de los Andes norte, entre los 800 a 3,650 m de elevación. Esta especie se caracteriza principalmente por presentar una cola corta y no prensil, además de su peculiar coloración rojiza. Se reportan nuevas localidades para Coendou rufescens sobre la base de avistamientos directos en campo y revisión de colecciones mastozoológicas. Adicionalmente se realizó una revisión de los registros bibliográficos de C. ru- fescens a lo largo de su distribución geográfica. Con un total de 52 registros recopilados y georefenciados, se modeló la distribución potencial a escala regional (Colombia, Ecuador y Perú) utilizando 19 variables bioclimáticas seleccionadas por su nivel de correlación. Finalmente, se superpusieron las capas de vegetación remanente y áreas protegidas estatales. Se adicionan 10 localidades para Coendou rufescens en Ecua- dor, los registros se concentran en el sur del país en un rango altitudinal entre 1,120 a 4,387 m. Con base a los 52 registros se determinó que las variables bioclimáticas que contribuyen más significativamente al modelo de distribución predictiva son BIO4: Temperatura estacional y BIO6: Temperatura mínima del mes más frío, las cuales están asociadas al tipo de hábitat. Se determinó que el hábitat idóneo para la especie es de ~448,820 km2, donde el 50.4 % de la distribución potencial se concentra en Colombia. La localidad del Camino del Inca en el Parque Nacional Sangay, ubicado a 4,387 m es el registro de mayor elevación para C. rufescens y la familia Erethizontidae. Colombia y Perú contienen la proporción más alta de hábitat adecuado para la especie (40.2 y 32.7 %) con base en la vegetación remanente; no obstante, Ecuador mantiene la mayor proporción de la distribución dentro de áreas protegidas (35.5 %), por ende, presentaría mayor conectividad de paisaje, lo cual es esencial para la conservación de C. rufescens. Key words: altitudinal range; distribution model; mammals; protected area; vegetation remnants © 2018 Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología, www.mastozoologiamexicana.org Introduction distributed in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and north- The genus Coendou Lacépède, 1799 (Rodentia: Erethizonti- western Peru (Alberico et al. 1999; Voss 2011, 2015; Tirira dae), distributed only in America, groups together 13 spe- 2016; Brito and Ojala-Barbour 2016; More and Crespo 2016; cies that live in tropical, subtropical and temperate areas in Romero et al. 2018). An unusual record from northern wet and dry forests, from sea level up to 3,650 masl (Voss Bolivia has been recently reported, representing a biogeo- et al. 2013; Voss 2015; Brito and Ojala-Barbour 2016). The graphical enigma that suggests that some individuals of stump-tailed porcupine Coendou rufescens Gray, 1865 is this species moved to this area (Voss 2011). DISTRIBUTION OF COENDOU RUFESCENS Coendou rufescens is characterized mainly by a short In addition, two specimens of C. rufescens (MEPN 3260 and non-prehensile tail, unlike other long-tailed porcupines, 10433) deposited in the mammal collection of the Escuela in addition to its distinctive reddish coloration (Voss 2015). Politécnica Nacional (MEPN), Quito-Ecuador, were also Although the ecological information available for C. rufescens examined. Each encounter was georeferenced and photo- is rather limited, it is considered as a species that inhabits graphed, recording the behavior of each living specimen. only mature and well-preserved forests (Tirira 2017). Some In addition, informal interviews were carried out to resi- point observations in the Sangay National Park in Ecuador dents living in the study area to determine the extent of the have served to characterize the species as either solitary or local knowledge about the species. gregarious (1 to 4 individuals), diurnal and nocturnal (Brito Potential Distribution Model. In order to estimate the and Ojala-Barbour 2016). Incidental records have docu- potential distribution of C. rufescens, records were obtained mented that the stump-tailed porcupine is preyed upon by from the published literature (Gray, 1865; Williams 2008; pumas (Tirira 2016) and ocelots (Sanchez et al. 2008). Ramírez-Chávez et al. 2008; Tirira and Boada 2009; Fernán- A predictive distribution model can be used to locate dez de Cordoba-Torres and Nivelo 2016; More and Crespo suitable or potential habitats outside of the known range of 2016; Brito and Ojala-Barbour 2016; Romero et al. 2018), a given species (e. g., Morueta-Holme et al. 2010; Chatterjee along with the new records from this study (Appendix 1). et al. 2012; Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015). Some potential- Presence coordinates were transformed to the decimal distribution correlation models (Braunisch et al. 2008; Peter- degree coordinate system, Datum WGS84 and Universal son et al. 2011) use information on the current distribution Transverse Mercator projection (UTM), zones 17S and 18S. of the species and assume that the habitat where records Duplicate coordinates and those that were less than 2 km are located represents the ideal habitat for the species. away from each other were discarded, thus avoiding overs- However, the distribution of many vertebrates (especially ampling presence records while preserving the indepen- those threatened) has shrunk, and thus these species could dence between localities and bioclimatic variables. be considered as refugee species, that is to say, limited to The potential-distribution exploratory model was survive in suboptimal habitats due to anthropogenic pres- developed based on the 19 bioclimatic variables of World- sures (Kerley et al. 2012). Clim 19 1.4 (http://www.worldclim.org; Table 1), which One of the methods frequently used for modeling the are geo-environmental layers derived from monthly tem- potential distribution is maximum entropy modeling (e. g., perature and precipitation