International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article S-Palmitoylation of Synaptic Proteins as a Novel Mechanism Underlying Sex-Dependent Differences in Neuronal Plasticity Monika Zar˛eba-Kozioł 1,*,† , Anna Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek 1,†, Matylda Roszkowska 1, Krystian Bijata 1,2, Izabela Figiel 1 , Anup Kumar Halder 3 , Paulina Kami ´nska 1, Franziska E. Müller 4, Subhadip Basu 3 , Weiqi Zhang 5, Evgeni Ponimaskin 4 and Jakub Włodarczyk 1,* 1 Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
[email protected] (A.B.-K.);
[email protected] (M.R.);
[email protected] (K.B.); i.fi
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[email protected] (P.K.) 2 Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland 3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
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[email protected] (S.B.) 4 Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
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[email protected] (E.P.) 5 Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1/A9, 48149 Munster, Germany;
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[email protected] (J.W.) † These authors contributed equally. Abstract: Although sex differences in the brain are prevalent, the knowledge about mechanisms Citation: Zar˛eba-Kozioł,M.; underlying sex-related effects on normal and pathological brain functioning is rather poor. It is Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek, A.; known that female and male brains differ in size and connectivity.