Fera List of Natural Hosts for Phytophthora Ramorum with Symptom and Location Updated Nov 2015 (See Footnote)
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Department of Planning and Zoning
Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only -
Phytophthora Ramorum Sudden Oak Death Pathogen
NAME OF SPECIES: Phytophthora ramorum Sudden Oak Death pathogen Synonyms: Common Name: Sudden Oak Death pathogen A. CURRENT STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION I. In Wisconsin? 1. YES NO X 2. Abundance: 3. Geographic Range: 4. Habitat Invaded: 5. Historical Status and Rate of Spread in Wisconsin: 6. Proportion of potential range occupied: II. Invasive in Similar Climate YES NO X Zones United States: In 14 coastal California Counties and in Curry County, Oregon. In nursery in Washington. Canada: Nursery in British Columbia. Europe: Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Poland, Spain, France, Belgium, and Sweden. III. Invasive in Similar Habitat YES X NO Types IV. Habitat Affected 1. Habitat affected: this disease thrives in cool, wet climates including areas in coastal California within the fog belt or in low- lying forested areas along stream beds and other bodies of water. Oaks associated with understory species that are susceptible to foliar infections are at higher risk of becoming infected. 2. Host plants: Forty-five hosts are regulated for this disease. These hosts have been found naturally infected by P. ramorum and have had Koch’s postulates completed, reviewed and accepted. Approximately fifty-nine species are associated with Phytophthora ramorum. These species are found naturally infected; P. ramorum has been cultured or detected with PCR but Koch’s postulates have not been completed or documented and reviewed. Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) is considered an associated host. See end of document for complete list of plant hosts. National Risk Model and Map shows susceptible forest types in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. -
Prunus Laurocerasus Cherry Laurel
Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel Prunus laurocerasus is a vigorous, large, spreading evergreen shrub which can grow if left over 20 or more years to a height of between 4 and 8m, and over 8m in width. However it is tolerant to cutting and regenerates well. Easy to grow in any moist but well drained soil in sun or partial shade it has a low maintenance requirement. It is a hardy shrub able to tolerate temperatures down to as low as minus 20 centigrade. It has handsome, glossy dark green leaves which grow up to 15cm in length. The leaves are thick and leathery to the touch with a slender and broadly elliptical shape, making it an excellent shrub for providing drought resistant hedging and screens. It produces small white flowers in erect racemes up to 12cm in length between May and June which are followed by cherry-like glossy red fruits which soon turn to black. Also known as English Laurel and Common Laurel Other varieties are available such as P. laurocerasus Caucasica, and Rotundifolia. Glossy elliptical green leaves of Prunus laurocerasus Plant Profile Name: Prunus laurocerasus Common name: Cherry Laurel Family: Rosaceae Height: up to 8 metres Width: up to over 8 metres Demands: Requires moist but well drained soil, sun to partial shade, tolerates heat if not to dry, happy sheltered or exposed in any aspect Foliage: Thick and leathery, slender to broadly elliptical. Evergreen Flower: White upright racernes May-June Fruit: Cherries, red turning to black Toxicity: Leaves and fruit can be harmful if ingested Hardiness: Hardy in most of the UK even in severe winters Multi Stem Cherry Laurel Deepdale Trees Ltd., Tithe Farm, Hatley Road, Potton, Sandy, Beds. -
Status of Red Panda in Sikkim: a Case Study in East Sikkim
STATUS OF RED PANDA IN SIKKIM: A CASE STUDY IN EAST SIKKIM Partha S. Ghose, Basant K. Sharma, Rajarshi Chakraborty and Karma Legshey D. ABSTRACT ed panda is the state animal of Sikkim and its population in the wild is highly vulnerable globally. Very little is known about red panda from Sikkim. With this background in mind the present collaborative survey by WWF- RIndia and Forest Environment and Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim was initiated since 2005 to understand red panda's status in the wild and threats they are exposed to. The present work was conducted at three protected areas of East District and the results were subsequently used to assess the extent of red panda habitat in East District. Our results show that bamboo presence and cover emerged as the essential habitat feature to support red panda population. Among forest types mixed conifer was best suited for red pandas, followed by oak forests. However, conifer forest unlike the most beliefs did not emerge as the best possible habitat feature. The threat issues observed during the survey were discussed. KEYWORDS: Red panda, Sikkim, mixed conifer, oak forest, feral dogs, threats Red Panda photographed at Chowkidara Phedi-Pangolakha Wild Life Sanctuary 363 Red panda sighted at Pangolakha Ridge Top INTRODUCTION ed panda is a unique carnivore that has adapted to the herbivore mode of life and is a resident of Himalayan and Hengduan mountain ranges (Roberts and Gittleman, 1984; Glatston, 1994; Wei et al., 1999; Chowdhury, 2001). RLike its phylogenetic position, status of the red panda in wild has also been a matter of great discussion and speculation for over a long period (Glatston, 1994). -
2. ACER Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1054. 1753. 枫属 Feng Shu Trees Or Shrubs
Fl. China 11: 516–553. 2008. 2. ACER Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1054. 1753. 枫属 feng shu Trees or shrubs. Leaves mostly simple and palmately lobed or at least palmately veined, in a few species pinnately veined and entire or toothed, or pinnately or palmately 3–5-foliolate. Inflorescence corymbiform or umbelliform, sometimes racemose or large paniculate. Sepals (4 or)5, rarely 6. Petals (4 or)5, rarely 6, seldom absent. Stamens (4 or 5 or)8(or 10 or 12); filaments distinct. Carpels 2; ovules (1 or)2 per locule. Fruit a winged schizocarp, commonly a double samara, usually 1-seeded; embryo oily or starchy, radicle elongate, cotyledons 2, green, flat or plicate; endosperm absent. 2n = 26. About 129 species: widespread in both temperate and tropical regions of N Africa, Asia, Europe, and Central and North America; 99 species (61 endemic, three introduced) in China. Acer lanceolatum Molliard (Bull. Soc. Bot. France 50: 134. 1903), described from Guangxi, is an uncertain species and is therefore not accepted here. The type specimen, in Berlin (B), has been destroyed. Up to now, no additional specimens have been found that could help clarify the application of this name. Worldwide, Japanese maples are famous for their autumn color, and there are over 400 cultivars. Also, many Chinese maple trees have beautiful autumn colors and have been cultivated widely in Chinese gardens, such as Acer buergerianum, A. davidii, A. duplicatoserratum, A. griseum, A. pictum, A. tataricum subsp. ginnala, A. triflorum, A. truncatum, and A. wilsonii. In winter, the snake-bark maples (A. davidii and its relatives) and paper-bark maple (A. -
Final Report Titled Development of Sterile Cherrylaurel Cultivars Background
Final Report titled Development of sterile cherrylaurel cultivars submitted to Agricultural Research Foundation for Oregon Department of Agriculture Nursery Research and Regulatory Committee Principle Investigator Ryan Contreras Assistant Professor 4017 Ag. and Life Sciences Bldg. Department of Horticulture Corvallis, OR 97331-7304 Oregon State University Voice: 541-737-5462 [email protected] Cooperators Sarah Doane P.O. Box 442 Oregon Research Station Manager Aurora, OR 97020 Landscape Plant Development Center Voice: 503-816-6358 [email protected] Mara Friddle Faculty Research Assistant 4017 Ag. and Life Sciences Bldg. Department of Horticulture Corvallis, OR 97331-7304 Oregon State University Voice: 541-737-5462 [email protected] Background: Prunus laurocerasus (common cherrylaurel) and P. lusitanica (portugese cherrylaurel), collectively referred to as cherrylaurels, are closely related species that are widely grown in the nursery industry and commonly planted in landscapes of the Pacific Northwest and other regions across the U.S. Using the Oregon Association of Nurseries Directory and Buyers' Guide (OAN-DBG) combined with the Nursery Appraisal Software for the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation for 2011 (http://www.rma.usda.gov/tools/eplpps/) we estimated a range for the number and value of cherrylaurels being grown in Oregon. Cumulatively, the estimated value of cherrylaurels for 2011 in Oregon alone is between $17.1 and $36.4 million. Common cherrylaurel is a handsome evergreen hedge plant native to Southeastern Europe and Asia Minor that is pH adaptable, does well in full sun or deep shade, is salt spray tolerant, and withstands heavy pruning. There are more than 45 cultivars in the trade including the popular 'Otto Luyken'. -
In Vivo Chromosome Doubling of Prunus Lusitanica and Preliminary
HORTSCIENCE 52(3):332–337. 2017. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI11593-16 Induction of polyploidy, or chromosome doubling, can be accomplished in several ways. Commonly, seedlings or shoots tips In Vivo Chromosome Doubling of are treated with colchicine (in vitro or in vivo). Colchicine, a mitotic spindle inhibitor Prunus lusitanica and Preliminary affecting chromosome separation during mi- tosis, has been used for chromosome dou- Morphological Observations bling since the late 1930s (Blakeslee and Avery, 1937). The effectiveness of colchi- Justin A. Schulze and Ryan N. Contreras1,2 cine treatment in chromosome doubling has Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and been seen in many woody species including Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-7304 Acacia crassicarpa (Lam et al., 2014), Lagerstroemia indica (Ye et al., 2010), Additional index words. Portuguese cherrylaurel, flow cytometry, colchicine, oryzalin, Platanus acerifolia (Liu et al., 2007), Pyrus polyploid pyrifolia (Kadota and Niimi, 2002), and Ziziphus jujuba (Gu et al., 2005). Abstract Prunus lusitanica n x Prunus laurocerasus n x . (2 =8 ) and (2 =22 ) are evergreen Oryzalin is another effective mitotic in- woody shrubs commonly used in landscapes across the United States and Europe. To hibitor for chromosome doubling in many reduce the difference in ploidy between these species and with the expectation of woody plants including Acacia crassicarpa successful hybridization, an experiment was performed to double the chromosome (Lam et al., 2014), P. laurocerasus (Contreras P. lusitanica number of . Colchicine was applied at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% (w/v), and and Meneghelli, 2016), Platycladus orien- m P. lusitanica 125 M oryzalin as a viscous liquid to the apical meristem of open-pollinated talis (Contreras, 2012), Rhododendron (Jones seedlings. -
Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’S Letter
Planning and planting for a better world Friends of the JC Raulston Arboretum Newsletter Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’s Letter Spring greetings from the JC Raulston Arboretum! This garden- ing season is in full swing, and the Arboretum is the place to be. Emergence is the word! Flowers and foliage are emerging every- where. We had a magnificent late winter and early spring. The Cornus mas ‘Spring Glow’ located in the paradise garden was exquisite this year. The bright yellow flowers are bright and persistent, and the Students from a Wake Tech Community College Photography Class find exfoliating bark and attractive habit plenty to photograph on a February day in the Arboretum. make it a winner. It’s no wonder that JC was so excited about this done soon. Make sure you check of themselves than is expected to seedling selection from the field out many of the special gardens in keep things moving forward. I, for nursery. We are looking to propa- the Arboretum. Our volunteer one, am thankful for each and every gate numerous plants this spring in curators are busy planting and one of them. hopes of getting it into the trade. preparing those gardens for The magnolias were looking another season. Many thanks to all Lastly, when you visit the garden I fantastic until we had three days in our volunteers who work so very would challenge you to find the a row of temperatures in the low hard in the garden. It shows! Euscaphis japonicus. We had a twenties. There was plenty of Another reminder — from April to beautiful seven-foot specimen tree damage to open flowers, but the October, on Sunday’s at 2:00 p.m. -
Abies Concolor (White Fir)
Compiled here is distribution, characteristics and other information on host species featured as ‘Host of the Month’ in past issues of the COMTF Monthly Report. Abies concolor (white fir) This is an evergreen tree native to the mountains of southern Oregon, California, the southern Rocky Mountains, and Baja California. Large and symmetrical, white fir grows 80 – 120ft tall and 15 – 20ft wide in its native range and in the Pacific Northwest. White fir is one of the top timber species found in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of CA and is a popular Christmas tree, as well as one of the most commonly grown native firs in Western gardens. Young trees are conical in shape, but develop a dome-like crown with age. The flattened needles of white fir are silvery blue-green, blunt at the tip , and grow 2 – 3in long. Often curving upwards, the needles extend at right angles from the twig, and twigs produce a citrus smell when needles are broken. White fir is monoecious, producing yellow- to red-toned, catkin-like male flowers and inconspicuous yellow-brown female flowers. The oblong cones grow 3 – 5 in upright, are yellow-green to purple in color, and are deciduous at maturity, dispersing seed in the fall. New twigs are dark- orange, but become gray-green, then gray with maturity. The bark of saplings is thin, smooth, and gray, turning thick, ash-gray with age, and developing deep irregular furrows. P. ramorum- infected Abies concolor (white fir) was first reported in the October 2005 COMTF newsletter as having been found at a Christmas tree farm in the quarantined county of Santa Clara. -
Native Plants?
How do I... PICK SUITABLE NATIVE PLANTS? If you are adding plants to your yard or neighborhood and are considering native plants, or you want to learn more about them, this guide provides all the basics to acquaint you with native plants. This guide applies mostly to the Mid- Atlantic Chesapeake Bay region, but can be used as a general reference for other regions as well. what you need ENTHUSIASM CURIOSITY RESEARCH Patience Internet or Library BENEFITS ConfidenceProvides Fun Facts! Beautify Eco-Friendly Habitat Improves air Reduce Pollinators Grow quality stormwater Environmental Stewards GETTING STARTED WHAT ARE NATIVE PLANTS? Native 1 plants are flowers, herbs, ferns, grasses, shrubs and trees that naturally grow in an area, as opposed to being cultivated by humans. The geographic area where a plant is naturally found is often called its native range or region. Invasive plants are aggressively growing plants that are foreign to a region. The conditions across a region, such as geology, topography, need more maintenance and care. It is soils and climate, determine specific generally best to let natives grow as they locations a plant is found within its native do naturally, with occasional cleaning range; biota can also affect the geographic up or pruning. Many native plants have distribution of plants. Plants that are native attributes that are just as desirable, if not in some regions may not be native in more, as popular non-native plants! others. In the Mid-Atlantic, the three main Native plants can be harder to come nativity regions are the Coastal Plain, the by at your local nursery. -
Stokes, Lopez, and Thiel; Invasive Prunus Spp. in St. Edward Park
Mar. 9, 2017: Stokes, Lopez, and Thiel; Invasive Prunus spp. in St. Edward Park Scientific Research Permit # 110101 Invasive Woody Plant Research in St. Edward State Park: Control of Invasive Species for Science and Native Biodiversity CHERRY LAUREL (Prunus laurocerasus) and PORTUGUESE LAUREL (Prunus lusitanica) INVASION IN SAINT EDWARD STATE PARK Dr. David Stokes1, Dr. Santiago Lopez, and Krystal Thiel, University of Washington Bothell Note: This document reports the results of our 2015 & 2016 research seasons investigating non-native cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) and Portuguese laurel (P. lusitanica) in St. Edward State Park. It also references the combined results from three previous seasons (2011, 2012, and 2013) of research on English holly (Ilex aquifolium) at the same site, reported in Stokes (2014), Stokes et al. (2014a & b), and Lopez and Stokes (2016). 1 Address questions and comments to [email protected] 1 Mar. 9, 2017: Stokes, Lopez, and Thiel; Invasive Prunus spp. in St. Edward Park SUMMARY We located and removed all cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus and Portuguese laurel P. lusitanica from a 9.2 hectare (22.8 acre) area of St. Edward State Park in January – March, 2015. This was the same study area where English holly Ilex aquifolium was located and removed in 2011 - 2013 (Stokes et al. 2014b). A total of 231 P. laurocerasus (25.1/ha) and 22 P. lusitanica (2.4/ha) were located and removed. Age of trees in our sample, determined by annual ring counts of basal cross-sections, ranged from 1 to 35 years for P. laurocerasus, and 1 to 21 years for P. -
The Red List of Revised and Extended
AcerThe Red List of revised and extended Dan Crowley, Megan Barstow, Malin Rivers & Yvette Harvey-Brown BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) is the world’s largest plant conservation network, comprising more than 500 botanic gardens in over 100 countries, and provides the secretariat to the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. BGCI was established in 1987 and is a registered charity with offices in the UK, US, China and Kenya. Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK. © 2020 Botanic Gardens Conservation International THE IUCN/SSC GLOBAL TREE SPECIALIST GROUP (GTSG) ISBN-10: 1-905164-74-2 ISBN-13: 978-1-905164-74-5 forms part of the Species Survival Commission’s network of over 7,000 volunteers working to stop the loss of plants, animals and their habitats. Reproduction of any part of the publication for SSC is the largest of the six Commissions of IUCN – The International educational, conservation and other non-profit purposes is authorized without prior permission from Union for Conservation of Nature. It serves as the main source of advice the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully to the Union and its members on the technical aspects of species acknowledged. conservation. The aims of the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes are to promote and implement global red listing for trees and to act in is prohibited without prior written permission from the an advisory capacity to the Global Trees Campaign. copyright holder. Recommended citation: Crowley, D., Barstow, M., Rivers, M.