Fera list of natural hosts for Phytophthora ramorum with symptom and location Updated Nov 2015 (see footnote)

New UK/Irish Latin name Family Common name Damage Location(s) References records added type* since 15 A= F D C December American 2010. findings no Comments Koch's retained from postulates last update in italics.

First record. Abies alba Pinaceae European silver fir √ Ireland Forest Service, Ireland, August (outdoor) - NPPO, Ireland, 2011 single forest (August 2011). , crown dieback.

A Abies concolor Pinaceae White fir √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated)

First UK A Abies grandis Pinaceae Grand fir √ √ √ USA (outdoor) - COMTF (undated) record, late foliar and Forest Research 2009. dieback; UK records (late 2009) (outdoor) - canker and foliar

Nov-15 Abies noblis (Syn Abies Pinaceae Noble fir UK Forest research procera)

First record, Abies procera Pinaceae Noble fir √ √ Ireland Forest Service, Ireland, (outdoor) - NPPO, Ireland September forest tree (September, 2010 symptoms 2010). described as 'branch & crown dieback'. A Abies magnifica Pinaceae Red fir √ √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated)

A Acer circinatum Aceraceae Vine √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated)

Acer davidii Aceraceae Striped bark maple √ Canada COMTF (undated) (nursery) Acer laevigatum Aceraceae Evergreen maple √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records Acer macrophyllum 1 Aceraceae Big maple √ USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al . (2003) Acer pseudoplatanus 1 Aceraceae Sycamore √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records Adiantum aleuticum 1 [syn. Polypoidiaceae Western maidenhair √ USA (outdoor) Vettraino et al. Adiantum pedatum] fern (2006)

Adiantum jordanii 1 Polypoidiaceae California maidenhair √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated) fern Aesculus californica 1 Hippocastanaceae Californian buckeye √ √ USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al. (2003) Aesculus hippocastanum 1 Hippocastanaceae Horse chestnut √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records Arbutus menziesii 1 Ericaceae Madrone √ √ USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al. (2003) A Arbutus unedo Ericaceae Strawberry tree √ √ Guernsey CSL records, (nursery), COMTF (undated) Spain (nursery) USA A Arctostaphylos Ericaceae Hairy manzanita √ √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated) columbiana

Updated with new UK and Irish records, occurring since 15/12/2010. Forest Research (FR, UK) records checked with Joan Webber (FR). Irish records checked with the NPPO. Tricia Giltrap, Fera, Nov 2015 Arctostaphylos Ericaceae Manzanita √ √ USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al. manzanita 1 (2003) A Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Ericaceae Kinnikinnik, √ USA (nursery) COMTF (undated) bearberry Ardisia japonica Mysinaceae Japanese ardisia, √ Canada COMTF (undated) Maleberry (nursery) Oct-09 Betula pendula Betulaceae Silver birch √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records (October 2009) Berberis diversifolia SEE Mahonia aquifolium

Calluna vulgaris 1 Ericaceae Heather √ Poland Orlikowski & (nursery) Szkuta (2004) A Calycanthus occidentalis Calycanthaceae Spicebush, western √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated) sweetshrub Camellia spp. 1 Theacae Camellia √ √ UK (nursery Beales et al . and outdoor), (2004b), Husson France (personal (nursery), communication), Spain Pintos Varela et (nursery), USA al . (2003), (nursery and COMTF (undated), outdoor), CFIA records Canada (nursery) Undated Camellia √ Ireland NPPO Ireland (outdoor) Castanea sativa 1 Fagaceae Sweet chestnut √ √ √ UK (outdoor). Denman et al . Ireland (2005). Forest (outdoor) - Service, NPPO, forest tree, leaf Ireland. blight & dieback. Castanopsis orthacantha Fagaceae - √ √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records A Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Rhamnaceae Blue blossom, √ √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated) Californian lilac Cercis chinensis Fabaceae Redbud √ Canada CFIA March 2008 (nursery) Nov 2007 Nov-09 Chaemaecyparis Cupressaceae Lawson's cypress √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research lawsoniana records (November 2009)

Undated A Choisya sp. √ Ireland NPPO Ireland (outdoor) USA

Choisya ternata “Aztec Rutaceae Mexican orange √ UK (nursery) CSL Records Pearl” (February 2008) Cinnamomum camphora 1 Camphor tree √ √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research USA records USDA records 2012 Cinnamomum sp. Lauraceae - Canada CFIA records (nursery) A Clintonia andrewsiana Liliaceae Andrew’s clintonia √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated) bead lily Cornus capitata Cornaceae Bentham’s dogwood √ UK (outdoor) PHSI, CSL Records Cornus kousa Cornaceae Canada CFIA records (nursery) (2008) A Cornus kousa x cornus Cornaceae √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research capitata “Norman haddon” USA records

Nov-13 A Cornus nuttalii Cornaceae western dogwood USA COMTF 2012 Corylopsis spicata Hamamelidaceae Spike winter hazel √ Canada CFIA records (nursery) Jul-10 Corylopsis (species to be Hamamelidaceae √ UK (outdoor) Fera records (July confirmed) 2010) A Corylus cornuta Betulaceae California hazelnut √ USA (outdoor) Murphy & Rizzo (2002) Apr-10 Cotoneaster (large leaf √ UK (outdoor) Fera records (April variety)1 2010) Daphniphyllum Daphniphyllaceae √ √ Canada CFIA records glaucescens (nursery) Distylium myricoides Hamamelidaceae Myrtle-leafed distylium √ Canada CFIA records (nursery) Drimys winteri Winteraceae Winter’s bark √ √ UK (outdoor) CSL records A Dryopteris arguta Dryopteridiaceae Californian wood fern, √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated) coastal woodfern

Eucalyptus haemastoma Myrtaceae Scribbly gum √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records Euonymus kiautschovicus Celastraceae Spreading euonymus, √ √ Canada CFIA records creeping strawberry (nursery) bush

Foliar Fagus sylvatica 1 Fagaceae Beech √ √ UK (outdoor). Forest Research symptoms Netherlands records. RAPRA first recorded (outdoor). (undated). Forest (UK) October Ireland Service, NPPO, (outdoor) - Ireland. 2009 forest .

8th October Fothergilla Major Hamamilidaceae Mountain Witch Hazel √ UK (outdoor) 2013 Frangula californica 1 [syn. Rhamnaceae Californian √ √ USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al. Rhamnus californica ] coffeeberry, California (2003) buckthorn Frangula purshiana 1 [syn. Rhamnaceae Cascara √ USA (outdoor) Vettraino et al . Rhamnus purshiana] (2006), Goheen et al . (2002b) Fraxinus excelsior 1 Oleaceae Ash √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records A Fraxinus latifolia Oleaceae Oregon ash √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated)

Garrya elliptica Garryaceae Silk tassel bush √ UK (nursery) CSL records Gaultheria shallon 1 Ericaceae Salal, Oregon √ Canada CFIA records, CSL wintergreen (nursery), records UK (nursery) Nov-09 Gaultheria procumbens Ericaceae Many, including √ Fera records wintergreen (November 2009)

Griselinia littoralis 1 Cornaceae New Zealand privet √ √ UK (outdoor) Giltrap et al. (2006) Undated Griselinia littoralis √ Ireland NPPO Ireland (outdoor) Hamamelis mollis Hamamelidaceae Chinese witch hazel √ √ UK (nursery) CSL records

Hamamelis virginiana 1 Hamamelidaceae Virginian witch hazel √ √ UK (nursery Giltrap et al. and outdoor) (2004) Hamamelis x intermedia Hamamelidaceae Hybrid witch hazel √ Canada Anon. (2006a) (H. mollis x H. japonica) (nursery)

Heteromeles arbutifolia 1 Rosaceae Toyon √ √ USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al. (2003) May-10 Hydrangea seemanni Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea √ UK (outdoors) Fera records (May 2010) Ilex aquifolia Aquifoliaceae European holly √ UK (outdoor) CSL records (December 2008)

Nov-13 A Ilex cornuta Aquifoliaceae Buford holly, Chinese USA (A) USDA records holly – April, 09

Dec-10 Ilex latifolia Aquifoliaceae Tarajo holly √ UK (nursery) Fera records (Dec. 2010) Ilex purpurea Aquifoliaceae Oriental holly √ Canada APHIS records (nursery) A Illicium parviflorum Yellow anis USA USDA records Kalmia angustifolia Ericaceae Sheep laurel √ √ UK (nursery)2 CSL records Kalmia latifolia 1 Ericaceae Mountain laurel √ √ UK (outdoor CSL records, and nursery), RAPRA (undated) Slovenia (nursery) Undated Kalmia latifolia √ Ireland NPPO Ireland (outdoor) Kalmia sp. Ericaceae Species not presently Canada CFIA records known (nursery) August 2009 Larix Pinaceae Japanese √ √ √ UK (outdoor). Forest Research (UK) and kaempferi 1 /Larix/ Larix larch/larch/European Ireland records (August July 2010 decidua/Larix x eurolepis larch/Hybrid larch (outdoor) - 2009) and Forest (Ireland). forest trees, L. Service, NPPO, kaempferi Ireland (July Hosts in red only. 2010). (See also were added EPPO Reporting in this update Service 2011, no. from EPPO 5, 2011/13 for L. reporting decidua and UK service and EU survey return UK survey 2010/2011 for return Larix x eurolepsis 2010/11. respectively but no dates when recorded).

Laurus nobilis 1 Lauraceae Bay laurel √ UK (nursery) CSL records Nov-13 Leucothoe axillaris Ericaceae Fetter-bush, dog √ √ Canada COMTF (undated) hobble (nursery) UK Fera records 2013 ( centre)

Leucothoe fontanesiana 1 Ericaceae Drooping leucothoe √ UK (nursery), CSL records, France Husson (personal (nursery) communication)

Lithocarpus densiflorus 1 Fagaceae Tanoak √ √ √ USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al. (2003) Lithocarpus glabra Fagaceae √ UK (nursery) CSL Records (December 2008)

Lonicera hispidula 1 Caprifoliaceae Californian √ UK (nursery)2, Garbelotto et al . honeysuckle USA (outdoor) (2003), CSL records ? Loropetalum chinense Hamamelidaceae Loropetalum √ Canada APHIS records; (nursery); USA COMTF (nursery), Blomquist, C.L.et al 2012. Disease, 96(12): 1829-1829.

Undated Magnolia sp. √ Ireland NPPO Ireland (outdoor) Aug-09 Magnolia acuminata Magnoliaceae √ UK Fera records (August 2009) Nov-13 A Magnolia cavalieri Magnoliaceae Canada 09 APHIS Jun-10 Magnolia delavayi Magnoliaceae √ UK (outdoors) Fera records (June 2010) Magnolia denudata Magnoliaceae Lily Tree √ Canada CFIA records; FR (nursery); UK records (outdoor) Magnolia denudata x Magnoliaceae Magnolia hybrid √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research salicifolia records A Magnolia figo (Michelia Magnoliaceae Banana magnolia ? USA (nursery) APHIS May 2008 figo (Banana ) Nov-13 Magnolia foveolata Magnoliaceae ? Canada Apri 09 Magnolia grandiflora 1 Magnoliaceae Magnolia √ UK (nursery CSL records 2008, and outdoor), COMTF (undated), USA (nursery), CFIA 2006 Canada (nursery)

Magnolia kobus Magnoliaceae Kobus magnolia √ Canada CFIA records 2008 (nursery) Nov-13 Magnolia liliiflora = Magnoliaceae Purple magnolia √ UK (outdoor) Defra 2010 Magnolia quinquepeta Magnolia salicifolia Magnoliaceae Anise magnolia √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records Magnolia stellata 1 Magnoliaceae Star magnolia √ √ UK (nursery Giltrap et al. and outdoor) (2006) Magnolia x loebneri 1 (M. Magnoliaceae Loebner magnolia √ √ UK (nursery Giltrap et al. kobus & M. stellata ) and outdoor) (2006) Magnolia x soulangeana Magnoliaceae Saucer magnolia √ √ UK (nursery) CSL records (M. liliiflora x M. denudate )

Nov-13 Magnolia X thompsoniana Magnoliaceae √ UK Fera

A Mahonia aquifolium Berberidaceae Holly leaved barberry √ Canada CFIA (Aug 2007) Oregon grape (nursery) USA Aphis 2013 (May 2010) Nov-13 A Mahonia nervosa Berberidaceae Creeping Oregon USA (2010 APHIS Grape Maianthemum racemosum Liliaceae False Solomon’s seal √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated) [syn. Smilacina racemosa] 1 Manglietia insignis Magnoliaceae Red lotus tree √ Canada APHIS records (nursery) Michelia cavalieri Magnoliaceae Michelia √ Canada CFIA records (nursery) Michelia doltsopa 1 Magnoliaceae Michelia √ UK (outdoor). Forest Research Canada records. RAPRA (undated). Undated Michelia doltsopa 1 Magnoliaceae Michelia √ Ireland Forest Service, (outdoor) NPPO, Ireland. Michelia foveolata Magnoliaceae Michelia √ Canada CFIA records (nursery) Michelia maudiae 1 Magnoliaceae Michelia √ UK (outdoor), CSL records, Canada APHIS records (nursery) Michelia wilsonii Magnoliaceae Michelia √ Canada APHIS records (nursery) Nov-13 A Molinadendron sinaloense Hamamelidaceae √ USA Aphis records August 2011

Nov-13 Myristica fragrans Magnoliales ? Nutmeg √ √ Mathew, S.K. and Beena, S. 2012. A new record of A Nerium oleander Apocynaceae Oleander √ USA (nursery) COMTF (undated)

Nothofagus obliqua Fagaceae Roble beech √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records UK record Osmanthus decorus Oleaceae Osmanthus √ Canada RAPRA (undated) April 2010 (nursery) Fera records (April UK (outdoor) 2010) Osmanthus delavayi Oleaceae Delavay osmanthus √ USA (nursery), COMTF (undated); UK (outdoor) Forest Research records

A Osmanthus fragrans Oleaceae Sweet olive √ √ USA (nursery), COMTF (undated), Canada CFIA records (nursery)

Osmanthus heterophyllus 1 Oleaceae Holly osmanthus √ UK (nursery), CSL records, USA (nursery) COMTF (undated)

A Osmorhiza berteroi Apiaceae Sweet cicely √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated)

Parakmeria lotungensis Magnoliaceae Eastern joy lotus tree √ Canada APHIS records (nursery) Parrotia persica 1 Hamamelidaceae Ironwood √ √ UK (outdoor), Hughes et al . Canada (2006b), CFIA (nursery) records Photinia x fraseri 1 (P. Rosaceae Fraser photinia √ Poland Orlikowski & glabra x P. serrulata) (outdoor) Szkuta (2004) Undated Photinia fraseri √ Ireland NPPO Ireland (outdoor) Physocarpus opulifolius Rosaceae Ninebark Canada CFIA 2007 (nursery) First record. Picea sitchensis Pinaceae Sitka spruce √ Ireland Forest Service, Ireland, April (outdoor) - NPPO, Ireland. 2011. single young EPPO Reporting forest tree, Service 2011, no. shoot tip 5. 2011/111 dieback. Pieris floribunda x Ericaceae Mountain andromeda √ √ USA (nursery) Parke et al . (2004) japonica 1 Pieris formosa 1 Ericaceae Himalaya andromeda √ √ UK (outdoor Inman et al . and nursery) (2003) Pieris japonica x formosa 1 Ericaceae Ornamental pieris √ √ UK (nursery), CSL records, USA (nursery) Parke et al . (2004)

Pieris japonica 1 Ericaceae Japanese pieris √ √ UK (nursery CSL records, and outdoor), RAPRA (undated), France Husson (personal (nursery), communication),O Germany rlikowski & Szkuta (nursery and (2004), Parke et outdoor), al. (2004) Poland (nursery), USA (nursery) Pieris sp. Ericaceae Species not presently √ Canada CFIA records known (nursery) Undated Pieris sp. Ericaceae √ Ireland NPPO Ireland (outdoor) A Pittosporum undulatum Pittosporaceae Victorian box √ USA (outdoor) Hüberli et al . (2006) First UK laurocerasus Rosaceae Dwarf English √ USA (nursery), COMTF (undated), record, 'Nana' Laurel UK outdoors Fera records December (December 2010) 2009

Prunus lusitanica Rosaceae Portuguese laurel √ Canada COMTF (undated) (nursery) UK record Pseudotsuga menziesii 1 Pinaceae Douglas fir √ √ √ USA (outdoor) - Davidson et al. February foliar and (2002) 2010 dieback, UK Forest Research (outdoor) - records (February, stem canker 2010)

Pyracantha koidzumii Rosaceae Formosa firethorn √ Canada Briere et al. (nursery) (2005) Quercus acuta Fagaceae Japanese evergreen √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research oak records Quercus agrifolia 1 Fagaceae Coast live oak √ USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al. (2003) Quercus cerris 1 Fagaceae oak √ √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records Quercus chrysolepis 1 Fagaceae Canyon live oak √ √ USA (outdoor) Murphy & Rizzo (2003) Quercus falcata 1 Fagaceae Southern red oak √ UK (outdoor) Brasier et al . (2004a) Quercus ilex 1 Fagaceae Holm oak √ √ UK (outdoor) Denman et al . (2005) Quercus kelloggii 1 Fagaceae Californian black oak √ USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al. (2003) Quercus parvula var. Fagaceae Shreve oak √ USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al. shrevei 1 (2003) Quercus petraea Fagaceae Sessile oak √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records May-10 Quercus phillyraeoides Fagaceae Ubame oak √ Ireland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ireland (May, 2010) Aug-11 Quercus robur Fagaceae English √ UK (Scotland) Forestry oak/pedunculate oak (outdoors) Commission, Scotland (August 2011) Quercus rubra Fagaceae Northern red oak √ Netherlands (outdoor) Rhododendron spp. 1 Ericaceae Rhododendron √ √ UK (nursery CSL records, De and outdoor), Merlier et al . Belgium (2003), RAPRA (nursery), (undated), Finland Husson (personal (nursery), communication), France Cahalane (2004), (nursery and Gullino et al. outdoor), (2003), de Gruyter Germany & Steeghs (2006), (nursery and Orlikowski & outdoor), Szkuta (2002), Ireland Žerjav et al. (nursery and (2004), Morajelo & outdoor), Italy Werres (2002), (nursery), the Goheen et al. Netherlands (2002a), Anon. (nursery and (2006a), COMTF outdoor), (undated), Norway Garbelotto et al. (outdoor), (2003) Poland (nursery), Slovenia (nursery), Spain (nursery), Sweden (nursery), Switzerland (nursery), Canada, (nursery), USA (nursery and outdoor)

Ribes laurifolium Grossulariaceae √ UK (nursery) CSL records Feb 2008 Rosa gymnocarpa 1 Rosaceae Californian wood rose √ USA (outdoor) Hüberli et al. (2004) Rosa rugosa Rosaceae Rugosa rose √ Canada APHIS records (nursery) Rosa spp . (several Rosaceae Rose √ Canada APHIS records different ) (nursery) A Rubus spectabilis Rosaceae Salmonberry √ USA (outdoor) Goheen et al. (2002b) Salix caprea 1 Salicaceae Goat willow/sallow √ √ UK (nursery) 2 CSL records Jun-09 Sarcococca hookeriana Buxaceae Himalyan sweet box √ √ UK (outdoors) SASA records var. dignya (June 2009) Schima argentea Theacae - √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records Schima wallichii Theacae Chinese guger tree √ UK (outdoor) CSL records; Forest Research records Aug-08 Sequoia sempervirens 1 Taxodiaceae Coast redwood √ √ USA (outdoor), Maloney et al. UK (outdoor) (2002), CSL records (Aug-08) Nov-15 Sorbus aucuperia Rosaceae Rowan/ mountain ash UK Forest research

Syringa sp. Oleaceae Not identified to Canada CFIA records, species level (nursery) Husson (personal France communication) (nursery) Syringa vulgaris 1 Oleaceae Lilac √ √ UK (outdoor Beales et al . and nursery) (2004a) Taxus baccata 1 Taxaceae Yew √ √ UK (nursery) Lane et al. (2004)

A Taxus brevifolia Taxaceae Pacific yew √ √ √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated)

Taxus sp. Taxaceae √ Canada CFIA records, (nursery), Husson (personal France communication) (nursery) Taxus x media(T. baccata Taxaceae Anglojap yew √ Netherlands de Gruyter & x T. cuspidata) (nursery) Steeghs (2006) A Torreya california Taxaceae California nutmeg √ √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated) Toxicodendron Anacardaceae Pacific poison oak √ √ USA (outdoor) Rizzo (2003) diversilobum Nov-13 A Trillium ovatum Melanthiaceae western wake robin USA COMTF 2012 Nov-13 A Trachelospermum Apocynaceae Star jasmine, √ USA Aphis nov 2013 jasminoides (milkweed family Confederate jasmine

Trientalis latifolia 1 Primulaceae Western star √ USA (outdoor) Hüberli et al . (2003) Trientalis latifolia 1 Primulaceae Western star flower √ USA (outdoor) Hüberli et al . (2003) Sep-09 Tsuga heterophylla Pinaceae Western hemlock √ √ √ UK (outdoor) Forest Research records (September 2009)

Umbellularia californica 1 Lauraceae Californian bay laurel √ UK (outdoor), CSL records, USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al. Nov-10 Vaccinium intermedium Ericaceae √ √ UK (nursery) Fera(2003) records (November 2010) Vaccinium ovatum 1 Ericaceae Californian √ √ USA (outdoor) Garbelotto et al. huckleberry (2003), Goheen et al . (2002a)

Jan-09 Vaccinium myrtillus 1 Ericaceae Bilberry √ UK (outdoor) CSL records (woodland Jan.09) Found on open heathland for the first time in Nov. 2010 (Fera records)

Oct-08 Vaccinium vitis-idaea Ericaceae Cowberry √ UK (nursery) CSL records (Oct. 2008) Undated Vaccinum spp. √ Ireland NPPO Ireland (outdoor) A Vancouveria planipetala Berberidaceae Redwood ivy √ USA (outdoor) COMTF (undated)

Nov-13 A Veronica spicata Syn. Scrophulariaceae Spiked speedwell- √ USA (June APHIS 2013 Pseudolysimachion June 2010 2010) spicatum Viburnum spp.1 Caprifoliaceae Viburnum √ √ UK (nursery Lane et al . (2003), and outdoor), Cahalane (2004), Belgium De Merlier et al. (nursery), the (2003), Běhalová Czech (2006), Werres et Republic al. (2001),Pintos (nursery), Varela et al. France (2004), Žerjav et (nursery), al. (2004), Germany Heiniger et al. (nursery), (2004), RAPRA Ireland (undated), COMTF (nursery), the (undated), Anon. Netherlands (2006a) Parke et (nursery), al. (2004). Norway (outdoor), Slovenia (nursery and outdoor), Spain (nursery), Switzerland (nursery and outdoor), Canada (nursery), USA, (nursery).

A= American finidings not confirmed by Koch's postulates *F = Ramorum leaf blight (including petiole), D = Ramorum dieback, C = Ramorum canker 1 Koch’s postulates have been successfully completed for this host. NB Koch’s postulates for Gaultheria shallon could only be completed on wounded on the whole plant. 2 These records refer to interceptions on nursery stock where the information has been recorded. The country given is where the infected plant was found but the were originally grown in another country that is not named in this list.