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Native Plants? How do I... PICK SUITABLE NATIVE PLANTS? If you are adding plants to your yard or neighborhood and are considering native plants, or you want to learn more about them, this guide provides all the basics to acquaint you with native plants. This guide applies mostly to the Mid- Atlantic Chesapeake Bay region, but can be used as a general reference for other regions as well. what you need ENTHUSIASM CURIOSITY RESEARCH Patience Internet or Library BENEFITS ConfidenceProvides Fun Facts! Beautify Eco-Friendly Habitat Improves air Reduce Pollinators Grow quality stormwater Environmental Stewards GETTING STARTED WHAT ARE NATIVE PLANTS? Native 1 plants are flowers, herbs, ferns, grasses, shrubs and trees that naturally grow in an area, as opposed to being cultivated by humans. The geographic area where a plant is naturally found is often called its native range or region. Invasive plants are aggressively growing plants that are foreign to a region. The conditions across a region, such as geology, topography, need more maintenance and care. It is soils and climate, determine specific generally best to let natives grow as they locations a plant is found within its native do naturally, with occasional cleaning range; biota can also affect the geographic up or pruning. Many native plants have distribution of plants. Plants that are native attributes that are just as desirable, if not in some regions may not be native in more, as popular non-native plants! others. In the Mid-Atlantic, the three main Native plants can be harder to come nativity regions are the Coastal Plain, the by at your local nursery. However, Piedmont, and the Mountain region (Fig. by purchasing native plants, you 1). Every plant species “tolerates a range encourage the nursery trade to meet of soil, sunlight, moisture, temperature, the market need by providing a wider and other conditions” (Ref. 1 , p5). This array and higher quantities of these incredible adaptability has allowed plants environmentally beneficial species. to survive for millions of years. HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT PLANT. 3 Native plants cannot necessarily survive in all locations within their native region because many sites have been disturbed by human activity. Activities such as construction and heavy daily use significantly change site conditions, causing survivability challenges for plants. In these cases a cultivar or non-aggressive non-native may be the best choice. Some, but not all, native plants cannot handle tough urban conditions and the associated pollutants. When you are choosing species, consider the different ranges of conditions a plant can tolerate. Species with wider ranges will have Fig. 1 (Ref. 1 , p9) higher survivability on more types of sites. It is important for you to determine WHY USE NATIVE PLANTS? Native the specific conditions at your site. Ask 2 plants often require less watering and yourself how much precipitation you get fertilizing than non-native plants because in a year, how much sunlight the area they are adapted to local soils, climate gets, and what type of soil you have. and other conditions, which conserves (Some state Extension offices can test water and puts fewer harmful chemicals soil for you.) In the Mid-Atlantic, clay into the air and ground. They are also less soils are common. One way to learn your likely to need pesticides because many ecoregion is to enter your zip code here: native plants are resistant to disease www.pollinator.org/guides.htm. and pests. (Ref. 1 , p4) This way, native plants can last longer and bring balance Keep in mind that cultivated varieties of to natural ecosystems. True balance native plants tend to be easier to find, must also include wildlife. Native wildlife but they do not always provide the same species depend on native plants, so using benefits as the true species of the native native plants can help restore animals plant. With cultivars, even the most populations we have decimated. seemingly subtle characteristic change can affect the way wildlife is able to use Natives in your yard can provide it. If you want to attract native creatures, it beauty and a unique splash in a sea is best to plant the true species. It is also of overused cultivated species. If you best to use true species when planting prefer a tightly manicured look, both near an existing designated natural area. native and non-native plants may (Ref. 3 , p7) NATIVE ALTERNATIVES TO POPULAR NATIVE ALTERNATIVES TO POPULAR NON-NATIVE TREES: NON-NATIVE SHRUBS AND GRASSES: Instead of this: Try this! Instead of this: Try this! Source: Missouri Source: Garden Botannical Source: Mt. Cuba Center Mt. Source: Buxus ‘Green Gem’ Morella cerifera Source: Wikipedia (Author: Wikipedia (Author: Source: Famartin) Source: Edsel and Eleanor Source: Mighigan House, Ford Acer palmatum Amelanchier arborea boxwood wax myrtle Japanese maple serviceberry Source: Watters Garden Watters Source: Center The Cary Award Source: Euonymus alatus ‘Compactus’ Vaccinum angustifolium Source: Gerry’s Tree Nursery Tree Gerry’s Source: Bachman’s Source: Landscaping dwarf-winged burning bush lowbush blueberry Acer platanoides Quercus bicolor Norway maple swamp white oak Source: Monrovia Source: Monrovia Source: Ilex cornuta ‘Carissa’ Ilex glabra Source: Missouri Botanical Source: Garden Source: Great Hill Great Source: Horticultural Foundation Carissa holly inkberry Cornus kousa Chionanthus virginicus kousa dogwood fringe tree Source: Floridata.com Source: Source: Wikipedia (Author: Wikipedia (Author: Source: Dcrjsr) Lagerstroemia indica Cercis canadensis Porse) (Sten Wikipedia Source: NetPS Plantfinder Source: crape myrtle eastern redbud Nandina domestica Itea virginica heavenly bamboo Virginia sweetspire Source: Mt. Cuba Center Mt. Source: Source: DCpages.com Source: Prunus x yedoensis Cornus florida H Schutte James Source: Go Botany Source: Yoshino cherry flowering dogwood Prunus laurocerasus ‘Otto Luyken’ Clethra alnifolia cherry laurel sweet pepperbush Source: Wikipedia Wikipedia (Daderot) Source: IL McHenry County, Source: Resources Water Government Source: Brigham Young University University Young Brigham Source: Tour Tree Missouri Botannical Source: Garden Pyrus calleryana Betula nigra Miscanthus sinensis Panicum virgatum Bradford pear river birch Chinese silver grass switchgrass cultivar (a cultivated variety); words after ADDITIONAL NATIVE “var.” and “subsp.” or “ssp.” are naturally occuring varieties and subspecies within the ALTERNATIVES species; and if there is an “x” in the name, it is a hybrid created by humans. Taxodium distichum ‘Shawnee Brave’ is a cultivar of bald cypress. Taxodium distichum var. distichum is a variety of bald cypress. The hybrid Taxodium distichum × mucronatum is a cross between bald cypress and Montezuma cypress. Typically, Latin names are italicized, though the cultivar portion in red cedar Ilex opaca big blue stem Kalmia latifolia single quotes is not. Sometimes the Latin is American holly fragrant sumac mountain laurel Rhus aromatica Carex glaucodea blue wood sedge coral honeysuckle Viburnum dentatum Juniperus virginiana T. distichum pinxterbloom azalea abbreviated, such as . Andropogon gerardii arrowwood viburnum Lonicera sempervirens NATIVE PLANTS CONFIRM NATIVITY OF PLANTS IN Rhododendron periclymenoides YOUR AREA. A great all purpose list for the Mid-Atlantic is “Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping: Chesapeake Bay Watershed.” Also, look for lists specific to your county or city. For example, the City of Alexandria (Arlington County) has a guide with a list called “Keeping it Natural!” (See “Resources” for liriope camellia links.) Ilex crenata butterfly bush pampas grass Japanese holly Liriope muscari Buddleia davidii Japanese cedar GO TO AN ARBORETUM TO SEE NATIVE Camellia japonica bigleaf hydrangea Japanese barberry Cortadera selloana Oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus Cryptomeria japonica PLANTS. Arboretums are great places to Hydrangea macrophylla learn about plants, because they have a NON-NATIVE PLANTS Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea wide variety of plants, clear signage and expert staff. The Maryland Public Garden Consortium lists great options, such as Cylburn, in Baltimore, and Adkins, on the TIPS & FAqs Eastern Shore. www.mdpublicgardens.org/ visit.html Don’t forget about the National WHY ARE LATIN NAMES IMPORTANT? Arboretum on the eastern edge of DC! All plants have only 1 scientific (aka, Latin) name but can have numerous common SEED COLLECTING. You can also collect names, which are often regionally based. seeds from known natives to plant yourself Sometimes two different plants have the and help propogate natives! same common name. This is problematic WHAT ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE? in communication and can lead to the WON’T DIFFERENT PLANTS BE NATIVE wrong plants being purchased, planted or HERE SOON? This is a big question with removed. So if you want to be sure you are a complicated answer. Even among plant buying or discussing the correct plant, Latin experts and enthusiasts there are differing names are the way to go. opinions about where we are and where BASIC LATIN PRIMER. The scientific we’re going. But it is true that plants are names of plants are in Latin (and affected by climate and will adjust the occasionally Greek) and have a base of best they can to changes. Some plants 2 words. The first word is the genus, and have already begun to migrate away from the second word is the specific epithet. In existing known ranges due to temperature the Latin name for the bald cypress tree, differences.
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