Der Buon Governo Des Pompeo Ruggieri. Die Fresken Von Cherubino Und Giovanni Alberti Im Palazzo Ruggieri in Rom

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Der Buon Governo Des Pompeo Ruggieri. Die Fresken Von Cherubino Und Giovanni Alberti Im Palazzo Ruggieri in Rom Der Buon Governo des Pompeo Ruggieri. Die Fresken von Cherubino und Giovanni Alberti im Palazzo Ruggieri in Rom Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie der Philosophischen Fakultäten der Universität des Saarlandes vorgelegt von Susanne Hoppe M.A. aus Mannheim Saarbrücken, 2015 0 Der Dekan: Prof. Dr. Peter Riemer 1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Henry Keazor 2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Michael Hesse Tag der letzten Prüfungsleistung: 7. März 2013 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort und Danksagung .................................................................................................. 4 Einleitung ............................................................................................................................. 6 I. „… fece casa che romana oggi è ma venuta de Sutri“: Pompeo Ruggieri und sein Palazzo im rione Pigna .................................................... 11 I. 1. Die Entstehungsgeschichte des Familienpalastes .................................................. 11 I. 2. Der Palazzo Ruggieri nach Pompeos Tod .............................................................. .24 II. Die Architektur .............................................................................................................. 27 II. 1. Baubeschreibung und Baugeschichte .................................................................... 27 II. 1. 1. Der Grundriss..................................................................................................... 27 II. 1. 2. Die Fassade ........................................................................................................ 31 II. 1. 3. Der Innenhof ...................................................................................................... 42 II. 1. 4. Das Treppenhaus ............................................................................................... 46 II. 2. Beurteilung ............................................................................................................ 47 III. Die Freskenausstattung ............................................................................................... 49 III. 1. Pompeo Ruggieri als Pompeius Magnus?: Die Fresken von Loggia und Salone ................................................................. 51 III. 1. 1. Die Loggia ........................................................................................................ 51 III. 1. 1. 1. Das Dekorationssystem ................................................................................ 53 III. 1. 1. 2. Das Bildprogramm ....................................................................................... 62 III. 1. 2. Der Salone ........................................................................................................ 85 III. 1. 2. 1. Das Dekorationssystem ................................................................................ 86 III. 1. 2. 2. Das Bildprogramm ....................................................................................... 96 III. 1. 3. Pompeius Magnus als Vorbild eines Buon Governo ..................................... 102 III. 2. Zuschreibung an Cherubino und Giovanni Alberti ..................................... 111 III. 2. 1. Leben und Werk der Künstler ........................................................................ 113 III. 2. 1. 1. Die Anfänge: Rom und Sansepolcro .......................................................... 118 III. 2. 1. 2. Die prägenden Jahre in Rom ...................................................................... 120 III. 2. 1. 3. Herausbilden des eigenen Stils: Sabbioneta und Sansepolcro ................... 127 III. 2. 1. 4. Beginnender Aufstieg in Rom (1589-1591) ............................................... 140 III. 2. 1. 5. Karrierehöhepunkt: Die Aufträge für Clemens VIII. und 2 den römischen Adel (1592-1602) ................................................................ 147 III. 2. 1. 6. Cherubinos Werke nach Giovannis Tod (ab 1602) .................................... 176 III. 2. 2. Die Fresken in Loggia und Salone des Palazzo Ruggieri: Ein Werk der Alberti? .................................................................................... 186 III. 2. 2. 1. Charakteristika der Freskendekorationen und -entwürfe der Alberti ......... 186 III. 2. 2. 2. Vergleichende Untersuchung ..................................................................... 190 III. 2. 2. 3. Vorbereitende Zeichnungen ....................................................................... 194 III. 2. 2. 4. Fazit ............................................................................................................ 200 III. 2. 2. 5. Auftragsvergabe ......................................................................................... 201 III. 3. Die Landschaftsfriese im Piano Nobile .......................................................... 203 II. 3. 1. Beschreibung ................................................................................................... 204 II. 3. 2. Entwicklung der Landschaftsmalerei in Rom ab 1550 .................................... 213 II. 3. 3. Datierung und Zuschreibung ........................................................................... 222 III. 4. Die Fresken im zweiten Obergeschoss ........................................................... 230 III. 4. 1. Die Stadtgründung Roms ............................................................................... 230 III. 4. 2. Szenen zur Genesis ......................................................................................... 233 III. 4. 2. 1. Die Urgeschichte der Genesis (Gen. 1-4) ................................................... 233 III. 4. 2. 2. Die Geschichten von Abraham und Jakob (Gen. 12-33) ........................... 235 III. 4. 2. 3. Die Bildquellen .......................................................................................... 238 III. 4. 3. Deutung und Datierung .................................................................................. 244 III. 4. 4. Zuschreibung .................................................................................................. 255 III. 5. Die mythologischen Szenen ............................................................................. 258 III. 5. 1. Der Raub der Proserpina ................................................................................ 258 III. 5. 2. Der Sturz des Phaethon .................................................................................. 262 IV. Schlussbetrachtung .................................................................................................... 266 ANHANG 1. Chronologisches Werkverzeichnis ................................................................................. 271 2. Quellenverzeichnis ......................................................................................................... 274 3. Abkürzungsverzeichnis .................................................................................................. 277 4. Literaturverzeichnis ........................................................................................................ 278 5. Abbildungsverzeichnis mit Bildnachweis ...................................................................... 314 3 Vorwort und Danksagung Die vorliegende kunsthistorische Studie wurde von der Philosophischen Fakultät I der Universität des Saarlandes im Sommersemester 2012 als Dissertation angenommen. Die Studie leistet die monographische Erfassung des Palazzo Ruggieri in Rom. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf der Freskenausstattung. Ihr kunst- und kulturhistorischer Kontext wird erstmals umfassend zusammengestellt und interpretiert. Die Untersuchung fußt auf der Betrachtung der Fresken in ihrem aktuellen Zustand, ihrer stilistischen und ikonographischen Analyse und dem Studium zahlreicher, bislang unbekannter Archivalien. Dem bisherigen Forschungsstand werden neue Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich des Auftraggebers, der Baugeschichte des Palazzo, der Entstehungsgeschichte der Fresken, ihrer Zuschreibung und ihrer ikono- graphischen Deutung hinzugefügt. Bei der Entstehung der Arbeit erfuhr ich vielfältige Unterstützung, für die es zu danken gilt. Für die stets aufmunternde Förderung meiner Arbeit bin ich meinem Doktorvater Henry Keazor zu großem Dank verpflichtet. Ebenso danke ich Michael Hesse, der die Zweitberichterstattung meiner Dissertation übernahm und Klaus Güthlein, der die Studie von Anbeginn förderte und mit Interesse verfolgte. Für die großzügige finanzielle Unterstützung richte ich meinen Dank zunächst an das Bundesland Saarland und ferner an den DAAD, der mir erste Recherchen in Rom ermöglichte. Auch dem Deutschen Studienzentrum in Venedig bin ich an dieser Stelle zu Dank verpflichtet. Der Bibliotheca Hertziana – Max-Planck-Institut für Kunstgeschichte in Rom – sowie deren Direktorinnen Sybille Ebert-Schifferer und Elisabeth Kieven danke ich für ein Doktorandenstipendium, ohne das das Entstehen dieser Studie nicht möglich gewesen wäre. In diesem Zusammenhang gilt mein herzlicher Dank allen Mitarbeitern, Stipendiaten und Gästen, die auf unterschiedlichste Art und Weise meine Arbeit unterstützt haben. Besonders erwähnt seien die ehemalige Direktorin der Fotothek Christina Riebesell, die stets mit Interesse meine Studien verfolgte und mir Mut zusprach sowie Lothar Sickel, der mir wertvolle Tipps bei der Archivrecherche gab. Für anregende und klärende Gespräche, praktische Ratschläge sowie die ein oder andere Pause danke ich Anna Seidel,
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