Tropical Rainforests, Coral Reefs and Mangrove Swamps Second Quarter - Week 6

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Department of Education Science 6 Interactions: Tropical Rainforests, Coral Reefs and Mangrove Swamps Second Quarter - Week 6

Kristine Joan Barredo Writer

Josephine J. Alarcon Jennifer S. Joson Validators

Ador B. Querubin, Ed.D Dean B. Hermoso Armida S. Oblinada Quality Assurance Team

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City (02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940

Expectation

This module is designed to help you understand the interactions among living and non-living things.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

Discuss the interactions among living things and non-living things in tropical rainforests, coral reefs and mangrove swamps (S6LT-lli-j-5)

Specifically, after going through this module, you are expected to: 1. identify the living and non-living things and describe the appearance of tropical rainforests, coral reefs and mangrove swamps; 2. explain the interactions among living and non-living things in a tropical rainforest, coral reefs and mangrove swamps in terms of their symbiotic relationship: 3. value the importance of tropical rainforests, mangrove swamps and coral reefs.

PRE TEST

Directions: Read and understand the questions below. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which statement best describes symbiosis? A. a close relationship between two animal species. B. a close relationship between two members of the same species. C. a relationship where one species relies upon another species for food. D. a relationship where one species serves as food for another species.

2. Which food chain does occur in the forest ecosystem? A. grass caterpillar birds B. grass mouse snake C. grass wildebeest lion D. grass rabbit owl

3. In the forest ecosystem, which organisms are directly affected if the population of plants decreases?? A. carnivores B. decomposer C. herbivores D. predators

4. It is a distinct ecological community of plants and animals living together in a particular climate. A. abiotic B. biotic C. ecosystem D. population

5. In a coral reef ecosystem, clown fishes and sea anemones live together. What type of relationship do they have? A. commensalism B. mutualism C. parasitism D. predation

6. What are the producers in the coral reef ecosystem? A. algae B. sea anemones C. mangrove D. small fish

7. It serves as a breeding ground for marine life. This is where you can find seagrass beds that have a diversity of organisms such as stonecrabs, lobsters and snappers. A. coral reefs B. rainforests C. mangroves D. freshwater

8. Where do mangrove swamps located? A. in arctic coastlines C. along temperate coastlines B. along rocky coastlines D. beside tropical and subtropical coastlines

9. Which is considered as the resident species in the mangrove swamp ecosystems? A. fish B. egret C. oysters D. monitor lizard

10. Why do mangrove plants survive in brackish water while the other plants cannot? A. Mangroves have strong trunk and roots. B. They can adapt to filter the seawater. C. Mangroves have roots that are often exposed to above water. D. They have roots that can filter saltwater and excrete salt in their leaves.

Looking Back

Directions: Match the riddle to the correct animal. Color the boxes with the same color of the matched riddle about vertebrate and invertebrate animals.

I have a soft body I am a cold-blooded with a hard shell animal that has arthropod which grows as my mammal rough, scaly skin.

What am I? body grows.

My body is My body is covered

divided into three in feathers, has reptile mollusk wings for flying, parts. Head, and lays eggs in a thorax, and nest I make for my abdomen. young. What am I?

I am cold-blooded, The females in this lives in water and group give birth to amphibian on land, and lay birds live babies and make milk in their bodies to eggs - most of us feed their young. have moist skin.

Brief Introduction

Every environment contains what are called biotic (living things) and abiotic (nonliving things) factors. These biotic factors may be plants, animals or other organisms while abiotic factors may include rainfall, temperature, sunlight, length of day, soil, water substrate, nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The interactions between biotic and abiotic factors form an ecosystem. Survival of the living organisms in an ecosystem depends upon their adaptability to both the living and nonliving elements within its community.

A food chain is the linear series of organisms showing a one-way route of feeding relationship. In a food web, there are multiple interactions among different types of organisms.

Food chain

Symbiosis is a term describing any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms. The specific kind of symbiosis depends on whether either or both organisms benefit from the relationship. Types of Symbiotic Relationship 1. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. 2. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is not affected. One species typically uses the other for a purpose other than food.

3. Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species (the parasite) benefits while the other species (the host) is harmed. Some parasites live on the surface of their host. Others live inside their host. 4. Predation is the consumption of one living organism, plant, or another animal. It is also known as the predator-prey relationship. 5. Competition is when an organism competes with both members of the same species and with other species for resources, food, hiding places to avoid predators and to protect their young, territory or nests.

Interactions in the Rainforest Ecosystems

Tropical rainforests are very dense, warm, and wet forests located in the band of equator, mostly in the area of Tropic of Cancer. Its biome consists of close growing trees and other plants. The overlapping leaves of trees prevent much sunlight from reaching the forest floor. The forest floor remains shaded, keeping the forest soil relatively moist. Interactions occur among species in the forest ecosystem. The trees, shrubs and grasses are producers in the forest ecosystem; they provide food for the primary consumers (herbivores), and the primary consumers provide food for the consumers (carnivores) living in the ecosystem.

Interactions in Coral Reefs A coral reef is a marine biome and sometimes called, “rainforest of the sea”. The corals that form the framework of coral gardens are not plants. They are built when the exoskeletons of corals composed of calcium carbonate or lime accumulate in large quantities. They serve as the breeding ground of marine life. They serve as habitat for marine animals such as fish, crustaceans, mammals, mollusks, cnidarians, echinoderms and sponges. The different populations make up a marine community. It extends from the shorelines of tropical islands and coast to the deep blue waters of the open sea.

Interactions in Mangrove Swamps

A mangrove swamp ecosystem has plants (mostly mangroves) and animals like crustaceans and migratory birds. Mangroves are important part of the coastal and marine ecosystem that includes seagrass and coral reefs. A swamp is a low elevation of fresh, brackish water (saltwater and freshwater combined).

Activities

Activity 1: Terrarium Ecosystem in a Bottle

Materials: One 2-liter bottle of soda (with cap) Choice of Small Plants Small stones or pebbles Potting Soil Sharp Scissors (adult only) Plastic spoon Newspaper to work on Charcoal Granules (optional) Sphagnum Moss (optional)

Procedure: 1. Cut the bottom half of soda bottle four-six inches from the bottom. You may need to poke a hole with the tip of scissors to start the cut. (Adult only) 2. First, put one inch of coarse sand, gravel, or pebbles. This is the drainage layer that captures excess moisture. 3. Add a thin layer of charcoal granules. This keeps odors from developing. 4. Add 3-4 inches of potting soil. 5. Select the plants you want. Remove from pot and gently separate a single plant. 6. With plastic spoon dig a small hole where the plant is to be placed. Plant your plants carefully. Create a small hole and set or tip your plant in. Make sure all roots are in the hole. 7. Fill soil on and around the roots and tamp down lightly. Add a spoonful of soil if necessary. Give space to grow between plants. 8. After adding your plants, add water to make the soil moist but not soggy. 9. Slide the top of the bottle over the bottom. If it is too tight, make a small 1/2 inch slit on each piece and fit together carefully. Put the cap back on the top of the soda bottle.

Process Questions: 1. In your terrarium, what is /are the living organism(s)? 2. How do they interact from each other?

Activity 2 :Living and Non-living things in an ecosystem

Directions: Write down the living and non-living things that exist in each ecosystem on the space provided inside the table. Tropical Rainforest

Living Things Non-living things 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Coral Reefs

Living Things Non-living things 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mangrove Swamps

Living Things Non-living things 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Activity 3: Circle Book for an Ecosystem

Create a circle book for one particular ecosystem (tropical rainforest, coral reef, mangrove swamps) and all its characteristics that focus on human impact, the living and nonliving things, the landscape of an ecosystem, the climate and weather of an ecosystem, and the locations where the ecosystem is found.

______

Ecosystem

Remember

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Symbiosis is a term describing any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms. The types of symbiotic relationship are mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, predation, and competition. Different types of ecosystems include tropical rainforest, coral reefs and mangrove ecosystems. Tropical rainforests are very dense, warm, and wet forests located in the band of the equator, mostly in the area of Tropic of Cancer. Its biome consists of close growing trees and other plants. A coral reef is a marine biome and sometimes called, “rainforest of the sea”. They serve as the breeding ground of marine life. It extends from the shorelines of tropical islands and coast to the deep blue waters of the open sea. A mangrove swamp ecosystem has plants (mostly mangroves) and animals like crustaceans and migratory birds. Mangroves are important part of the coastal and marine ecosystem that includes seagrass and coral reefs. A swamp is a low elevation of fresh, brackish water (saltwater and freshwater combined).

What I Know

A. Identify the living and non-living things and describe the appearance of tropical rain forests, coral reefs and mangrove swamps.

Ecosystem Living things Non-living Appearance of things Ecosystem Tropical Rainforest Coral Reefs Mangrove swamps

B. For each animal relationship below, draw the smiley faces to show how each animal harmed , benefit or not . Write the symbiotic relationship exist such as mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, predation and competition. animals Harmed, benefit or not symbiotic relationship

1. snake and rats

snake rat 2. clownfish and sea anemone

clownfish sea anemone 3. remora and shark

remora shark 4. tapeworm and animal

tapeworm animal

5. oysters and roots of mangroves

oysters roots of mangroves

C. Make a collage about the interactions of living and non-living oragnisms in an ecosystem. You may choose from the options below; a. Tropical rainforests b. Coral reef c. Mangrove swamp

Post Test

Directions: Read and understand the questions below. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Why most of the sunlight does not penetrate to the ground in tropical rainforest? A. It is because of rainfall. C. It is because of less temperature. B. It is because of less rainfall D. It is because of trees overlap with each other

2. Which food chain does occur in the forest ecosystem? A. grass  caterpillar  chicken B. berries  flower pecker  Philippine cobra C. corn  mouse  snake D. worm berries  caterpillar  raven

3. Ana will go to the forest. What are the living things she can find there? A. cow, grass, mouse, soil C. trees, fern, snail, mushroom B. farmer, carabao, rat, trees D. horse, goat, cow, water

4. Which of the following characterizes a tropical rainforest ecosystem? I. It is located in the polar zones. II. It has diverse plant and animal species III. It is situated in tropical places. IV. It caters to a few plants and animals. A. I and II B. II and III C. I and III D. III and IV

5. In the coral reef ecosystem, clown fishes, and sea anemones live together. Which type of relationship is shown? A. commensalism B. mutualism C. parasitism D. predation

6. Coral reefs are beneficial to marine life. In what way does it show in the following instances? I. provide rich sources of marine food II. protect the coastal areas from strong waves III. provide passage for strong currents to coastal areas IV. serve as a breeding ground of fishes and other forms of marine life

A. I and II B. II and III C. I and IV D. II and IV

7. Mangrove swamp is one of the important components of the ecosystem? Where do they usually found? A. along arctic coastlines C. along temperate coastlines B. along rocky coastlines D. long tropical and subtropical coastlines

8. You heard about a plan to convert the nearby mangrove swamp to commercial area. Your neighbor agrees with the plan because they believed that the mangrove swamp has no economic value. After researching you want to discuss the issue with your neighbor. Which statement best describes the importance of mangroves that could make your neighbor change their minds and to not agree with the plan? A. Mangrove provides water. B. They are beautiful ecosystems. C. They provide pollutants for animals. D. They protect the coastal community from waves and provide food and business for people.

9. Which of the following is the role of crustaceans like crabs in the mangrove ecosystem? A. They attach themselves to the roots of mangroves B. They help break down leaf litter through grazing. C. They serve as the food of other animals. D. They find food in the mud.

10. The fishermen in the barangay use dynamites to have a big catch. If this practice continues, what do you think will happen to marine resources? A. Fishes will multiply fast. C. Marine life will decrease. B. Marine life will increase. D. The coral will multiply.

Answer Key

D 10.

C 10.

C 9.

D 8.

B 7.

D 7.

A 6.

D 6.

5. B 5.

C 4.

B 4.

A 3.

C 3.

B 2.

A 1.

test Post Test Pre

References:

Evelyn Castante-Padpad, et al (2017) The New Science Links 6. Rex Bookstore, Manila pp. 246-278