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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 266 028 SE 046 411 TITLE Goals and Objectives of National Science Policy. Science Policy Study--Hearings Volume 1. Hearings before the Task Force on Science Policy of the Committee on Science and Technology, House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session (February 28; March 7, 21, 28; April 4, 3985). No. 46. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. House Committee on Science and Technology. PUB DATE 86 NOTE 228p.; Several pages containing small and light type may not reproduce well. For other volumes in this series, see SE 046 412-413 and SE 046 419-420. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Engineering; *Financial Support; *Government Role; Hearings; Higher Education; *Objectives; Policy; *Policy Formation; Research; *Sciences; Universities IDENTIFIERS Congress 99th; *Scienle Policy ABSTRACT These hearings, which focused on the goals and objectives of national science policy, include discussions, questions and answers for the record, and, when applicable, prepared statements. Individuals appearing during the hearings include: (1) George C. Pimentel; (2) Alex Roland; (3) John S. Foster, Jr.; (4) James B. Wyngaarden; and (5) Lewis M. Branscomb. Included inan appendix is the report "Research in Prevention, FiscalYears 1981-83 (1984 Estimated) Budget Information and Program Highlights," United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, June 1984.Among thE areas and issues explored are: financial support for science; funding of research universities; support for arts and humanities comparedto that for science; extent to which goals arid objectives of U.S. science policy have changed since 1945; U.S. biomedical research programs; the demand for doctoral level engineers as opposed to the demand for bachelor's and master's degree level engineers; and industry funding of science oriented projects. (JN) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Science Policy StudyHearings Volume 1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF NATIONAL SCIENCE POLICY HEARINGS BEFORE THE TASK FORCE ON SCIENCE POLICY OF THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NINETY-NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION FEBRUARY 28; MARCH 7, 21, 23; APRIL 4, 1985 [No. 46] Printed for the use of the Committee on Science and Technology U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 50-458 0 WASHINGTON : 1988 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DON FUQUA, Florida, Chairman ROBERT A. ROE, New Jersey MANUEL LUJAN, JR., New Mexico* GEORGE E. BROWN, JR., California ROBERT S. WALKER, Pennsylvania JAMES H. SCHEUER, New York F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., MARILYN LLOYD, Tennessee Wisconsin TIMOTHY E. WIRTH, Colorado CLAUDINE SCHNEIDER, Rhode Isla! d DOUG WALGREN, Pennsylvania SHERWOOD L. BOEHLERT, New -:s DAN GLICKMAN, Kansas TOM LEWIS, Florida ROBERT A. YOUNG, Missouri DON RITTER, Pennsylvania HAROLD L VOLKMER, Missouri SID W. MORRISON, Washington BILL NELSON, Florida RON PACKARD, California STAN LUNDINE, New York JAN MEYERS, Kansas RALPH M. HALL, Texas ROBERT C. SMITH, New Hampshire DAVE McCURDY, Oklahoma PAUL B. HENRY, Michigan NORMAN Y. MINETA, California HARRIS W. FAWELL, Illinois MICHAEL A. ANDREWS, Texas WILLIAM W. COBEY, JR., North Carolina BUDDY MAcKAY, Florida" JOE BARTON, Texas TIM VALENTINE, North Carolina D. FRENCH SLAUGHTER, JR., Virginia HARRY M. REID, Nevada DAVID S. MONSON, Utah ROBERT G. TORRICELLI, New Jersey FREDERICK C. BOUCHER, Virginia TERRY BRUCE, Illinois RICHARD H. STALLINGS, Idaho BART GORDON, Tennessee JAMES A. TRAFICANT, JR., Ohio HAROLD P. HANSON, Executive Director ROBERT C. lirrcaukt, General Counsel REGINA A. DAVIS, Chief Clerk JOYCE GROSS FREIWALD, Republican Staff Director SCIENCE POLICY TADK FORCE DON FUQUA, Florida, Chairman GEORGE E BROWN, JR., California MANUEL LUJAN, JR., New Mexico TIMOTHY E. WIRTH, Colorado ROBERT S. WALKER, Pennsylvania DOUG WALGREN, Pennsylvania F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., HAROLD L VOLKMER, Missouri Wisconsin STAN LUNDINE, New York CLAUDINE SCHNEIDER, Rhode Island NORMAN Y. MINETA, California SHERWOOD L. BOEHLERT, New York HARRY M. REID, Nevada TOM LEWIS, Florida FREDERICK C. BOUCHER, Virginia SID W. MORRISON, Washington RICHARD H. STALLINGS, Idaho RON PACKARD, California JOHN D. HOLMFELD, Study Director R. THOMAS WEIMER, Republican Staff Member Ranking Republican Member. "Serving on Committee on the Budget for 99th Congress. 4 CONTENTS WITNESSES February 28, 1985: Page Dr. George C. Pimentel, professor of chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 3 Discussion 6 Questions and answers for the record 13 March 7, 1985: Dr.AlexRoland, associateprofessor of history, Duke University, Durham, NC 19 Prepared statement ?A Discussion 34 Questions and answers for the record 45 March 21, 1985: Dr. John S. Foster, Jr., vice president, Science and Technology, TRW, Inc., Cleveland, OH 52 Prepared statement 56 Discussion. 60 Questions and answers for the record 69 March 28, 1985: Dr. James B. Wyngaarden, Director, National Institutes of Health, Be- thesda, MD 74 Di- ussion 82 Questions and answers for the record 92 April 4, 1985: Dr. Lewis M. Branscomb, vice president and chief scientist, IBM Corp, Armonk, NY 130 Prep -red statement 138 Disc zssion 145 Questions and answers for the record 158 Appendix. "Research in Prevention, Fiscal Years 1981-83 (1984 Estimated) Budget Information and Program Highlights," U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, June 1984 167 Foreword 170 I. Research highlights: Progress for disease prevention at the Na- tional Institutes of Health 174 II. Summary data: Funding research in prevention at the National Institutes of Health, fiscal years 1981-83 (1984 estimated) 179 III. Prevention activities and funding by program area, fiscal years 1981-83 (1984 estimated) 190 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF NATIONAL SCIENCE POLICY (With Dr. George C. Pimentel) THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1985 HOUSE OY REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TASK FORCE ON SCIENCE POLICY, Washington, DC The task force met, pursuant to notice, at 8:40 a.m., in room 2318, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Don Fuqua (chairman of the task force) presiding. Mr. FUQUA. The task force will be in order. Today we begin hear- ings with outside witnesses regarding their views and ideas on the subject of science policy before the special task force, and we are very pleased this morning, for several reasons, to have Dr. George Pimentel, who is professor of chemistry at the University of Cali- fornia at Berkeley. He is the former Assistant Director of the Na- tional Science Foundation. He is currently Chairman of the Na- tional Academy of Sciences' Committee to Survey Chemical Sci- ences, and yesterday he was honored by the President of the United States with a Medal of Science that was presented by the President. We are very pleased to have you, George. You've been here many times, and you have certainly contributed a great deal to the delib- erations of our committee on various subject matters. We are glad to have you today to be our leadoff witness in what we hope will be a constructive study of our science policy of the United States. [A biographical sketch of Dr. Pimentel follows:] DR. GEORGE C. FtMENTEL Professor George Claude Pimentel assumed Directorship of the Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics, a Division of. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and an Orga- nized Research Unit of the Chemistry Department, University of California, on Jt ly 1, 1980. He came to that post after having served as Dep tty Director of the Natior al Science Foundation (NSF) for three years, October 1977 to June 1980. Dr. Piment has been a member of the chemistry faculty at fir University of Californiat Berkeley since 1949. He is widely known both lb,. nis scientific contributions and also for his excellence in teaching. Dr. Pimentel's research has been in the fields of infrared spectroscopy, chemical lasers, molecular structure, free radicals, and hydrogen bonding. Dr. Pimentel's in- terests have centered on the application of spectroscopic methods to the study of un- usual chemical bonding. A major contribution was the development and exploitation of the matrix isolation method for the spectroscopic detection of highly unstable molecules This involves stabilization of such molecules in a matrix of frozen inert gas, such as argon, at very low temperature to permit leisurely spectroscopic study. (1) 2 Application of this matrix isolation method led to the discovery ofmany unusual and highly reactive molecules that could :tot otherwise have been detected. His pioneering development of rapid scan techniques for infrared spectroecopyex- tended to the gas phase these spectroscopic studies of normally transient species. This work led to the design of a unique infrared spectrometer for the 1969 Mariner interplanetary spacecraft to determine the composition of the atmosphere of Mars. During studies of photochemical reactions, Dr. Pimentel and his students discov- ered the first chemically pumped laser. Flash phatolyeis methodson the microse- cond time scale permitted the measurement, through the laser emissions, of nascent population inversions produced in the normal course of a chemical reaction. Quitea variety of chemically pumped vibrational and rotational lasers