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KEDUDUKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEWARISAN HUKUM ADAT BATAK TOBA (Studi Putusan Mahkamag Agung Nomor 566 K/Pdt/2015)

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KEDUDUKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEWARISAN HUKUM ADAT BATAK TOBA (Studi Putusan Mahkamag Agung Nomor 566 K/Pdt/2015) KEDUDUKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEWARISAN HUKUM ADAT BATAK TOBA (Studi Putusan Mahkamag Agung Nomor 566 K/Pdt/2015) SKRIPSI Disusun dan Diajukan Untuk Melengkapi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Hukum pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara Oleh : DANIEL LUMBAN GAOL NIM : 130200502 DEPARTEMEN HUKUM PERDATA BW FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA M E D A N 2 0 1 9 Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Daniel Lumban Gaol * Rosnidar Sembiring ** Syaiful Azam ** Berdasarkan hukum Adat Batak Toba, masing-masing anak kandung menurut hukum waris ada perbedaan antara anak laki-laki dengan anak perempuan karena perempuan bukan ahli waris, melainkan anak laki-laki yang berhak sebagai ahli waris dari segala harta peninggalan ayahnya karena warisan adalah simbol dari eksistensi suatu marga oleh karena itu warisan harus diberikan kepada laki-laki saja, apabila perempuan mendapat bagian akan sangat tergantung pada kebaikan hati saudara dari pihak laki-laki, karena secara tradisional falsafahnya anak perempuan kawin dengan anak orang lain. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penulisan ini adalah bagaimana kedudukan perempuan dalam adat Batak Toba, bagaimana sistem pewarisan pada masyarakat adat Batak Toba, bagaimana kedudukan perempuan dalam pewarisan hukum adat Batak Toba berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 566 K/Pdt/2015. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dan spesifikasi penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitis. Pengumpulan data melalui data primer dan data sekunder. Metode analisis yang dipakai adalah kualitatif, dan penyajian datanya dalam bentuk laporan tertulis secara ilmiah. Kedudukan perempuan dalam adat Batak Toba pada prinsipnya masih berbeda, bila dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Perempuan tidak berhak berbicara dan mengeluarkan pendapat di acara-acara resmi, terlihat pada pesta-pesta Batak hampir tidak pernah terlihat ada perempuan duduk di barisan depan, ikut berbicara dan mengambil keputusan. Namun saat ini, dalam lingkup pertemuan keluarga yang lebih kecil para perempuan sudah diizinkan berbicara tetapi hanya sebagai pendahuluan saja, seperti acara pemberian nama kepada anak (tardidi), acara memberi kata penghibur bagi keluarga yang berduka (mangapuli). Sistem pewarisan pada masyarakat adat Batak Toba yang susunan kekerabatannya mempertahankan garis keturunan laki-laki (patrilineal). Kedudukan perempuan dalam pewarisan hukum adat Batak Toba berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamag Agung Nomor 566 K/Pdt/2015 bahwa kedudukan yang sama dalam hak waris antara laki- laki dengan perempuan. Mengenai laki-laki dan perempuan mempunyai kedudukan yang sama sebagai ahli waris dan berhak untuk mendapatkan bagian yang sama dari harta warisan peninggalan orang tuanya. Kata Kunci : Kedudukan, Perempuan, Hukum Waris Adat, Batak Toba. *Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara ** Dosen Pembimbing I dan Pembimbing II Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara. i Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT Daniel Lumban Gaol * Rosnidar Sembiring ** Syaiful Azam ** Based on the Toba Batak customary law, each biological child according to inheritance law there is a difference between boys and daughters who are not heirs, while boys who are entitled as heirs of the inheritance of the existence of a clan, therefore inheritance must given only to men, the consent of women to get a share will depend very much on the honor of a male brother on the male side, because traditionally the philosophy of girls marrying someone else's child. The issues raised in this discussion are how the position of women in the Batak Toba adat, how the inheritance system in the Batak Toba indigenous people, how the position of women in inheritance of Batak Toba customary law based on the Decision of the Supreme Court Number 566 K / Pdt / 2015. The research method used in writing this thesis is juridical normative and the specification of this research is analytical descriptive. Data collection through primary data and secondary data. The analytical method used is qualitative, and the presentation of data in the form of scientific written reports. The position of women in the Batak Toba tradition is still different in principle when compared to men. Women do not have the right to speak and issue opinions at official events, seen in Batak parties there has never been a woman sitting in the front row, participating in speaking and making decisions. But now, in smaller family gatherings that have been approved, only as a prelude, such as the naming event for children (tardidi), the giving of words of consolation for the bereaved family (mangapuli). Inheritance system in the Toba Batak indigenous people whose family structure maintains patrilineal male lineage. The position of women in inheritance of Toba Batak customary law based on Mahkamag Agung Decree Number 566 K / Pdt / 2015 concerning equal position in inheritance rights between men and women. About men and women have the same position as heirs and are entitled to get the same share of the inheritance inherited from their parents. Keywords: Position, Women, Customary Law, Toba Batak . * University of North Sumatra Faculty of Law students ** Supervisor I and Supervisor II, Faculty of Law, University of North Sumatra. ii Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan YME atas segala nikmat Islam dan nikmat kesempatan-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Hukum pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan. Adapun judul skripsi ini adalah “Kedudukan Perempuan Dalam Pewarisan Hukum Adat Batak Toba (Studi Putusan Mahkamag Agung Nomor 566 K/Pdt/2015)”. Untuk penulisan skripsi ini penulis berupaya agar hasil dari penulisan skripsi ini bisa lebih baik seperti yang diharapkan, meskipun demikian penulisan ini masih terdapat kekurangan- kekurangan, karena manusia tidak luput dari kesalahan. Oleh karena itu, semua saran dan kritik akan penulis terima dari siapa saja dalam rangka penyempurnaan penulisan skripsi ini. Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini penulis banyak mendapat bantuan dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak sehingga dalam kesempatan ini penulis tidak lupa mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: 1. Prof. Dr. Budiman Ginting, S.H., M.Hum selaku Dekan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Prof. Dr. O.K. Saidin, S.H., M.Hum selaku Wakil Dekan I Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara.. 3. Ibu Puspa Melati, S.H., M.Hum selaku Wakil Dekan II Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara. 4. Dr. Jelly Leviza S.H., M.Hum selaku Wakil Dekan III Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara. iii Universitas Sumatera Utara 5. Ibu Dr. Rosnidar Sembiring, SH.M.Hum selaku Ketua Departemen Hukum Ekonomi sekaligus sebagai Pembimbing I yang telah banyak membantu dan memudahkan saya dalam mengajukan judul skripsi. 6. Ibu Dr. Yefrizawaty, SH.M.Hum selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah banyak membantu berupa pikiran dan waktunya untuk memberikan pengarahan dan bimbingan kepada saya sehingga memudahkan saya dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Akhirnya kata penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang tidak mungkin disebutkan satu persatu dalam kesempatan ini. Semoga ilmu yang penulis telah peroleh selama ini dapat bermakna dan berkah bagi penulis dalam hal penulis ingin menggapai cita-cita. Medan, Juli 2019 Penulis DANIEL LUMBAN GAOL iv Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... ii DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. iv BAB I : PENDAHULUAN.................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang .................................................................... 1 B. Perumusan Masalah ............................................................ 8 C. Tujuan Penulisan .................................................................. 8 D. Manfaat Penulisan ................................................................ 8 E. Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................. 9 F. Metode Penelitian................................................................. 11 G. Keaslian Penulisan ............................................................... 14 H. Sistematika Penulisan........................................................... 16 BAB II : KEDUDUKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM ADAT BATAK TOBA ........................................................................ 18 A. Sekilas Tentang Hukum Adat Batak Toba ......................... 18 B. Sistem Kekerabatan Menurut Hukum Adat Batak Toba .... 23 C. Sistem Perkawinan Masyarakat Adat Batak Toba .............. 25 D. Kedukan Perempuan dalam Hukum Adat Batak Toba ....... 33 BAB III : SISTEM PEWARISAN PADA MASYARAKAT ADAT BATAK TOBA ........................................................................ 41 A. Sistem Pewarisan dalam Hukum Adat Batak Toba ............. 41 B. Subyek Hukum dalam Hukum Waris Adat Batak Toba ...... 44 C. Pembagian Warisan dalam Adat Batak Toba ....................... 46 v Universitas Sumatera Utara BAB IV : KEDUDUKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEWARISAN HUKUM ADAT BATAK TOBA (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Nomor 566 K/Pdt/2015) ................................... 51 A. Kedudukan Perempuan Dalam Pewarisan Hukum Adat Batak Toba ...............................................................
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