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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Z a Tb Road INFORMATION TO USERS This material was producedfromamicrofilm copy of the original document. While the most advancedtechnological means.to photographand reproducethisdocument have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on diis reproduction. 1. The sign or "targrt'^ for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Paga(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was pairt of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in . "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at tiie upper , left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary,,sectioning is continued, again beginning below the first row: and continuing on until ■ .complete. ' j ■ -- - 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints o f "photogra^s" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and : specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed w : ’ received. L . y '■ ■■ ■ C^yy-/;v : Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Z a tb Road: . - ■ ■ Ann Arbor, Michioan 48106 ; 74-24,334 GROSS, D.V.M., David Ross, 1936- PRESSURE-FLOW RELATIONSHIPS IN THE LEFT CCM40N CORONARY ARTERY OF HORSES AND THE RENAL ARTERY OF DOGS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1974 Physiology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan I * * ■ vS?r*i» . .... , . , „i fci i ■ ■. , i ■ - — — ■ . i i — ■ . - - ' ' ■ . i ... i j . — M - ? J " ■ ■ ■ ■ i . i ii . n . THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. PRESSURE-FLOW RELATIONSHIPS IN THE LEFT COMMON CORONARY ARTERY OF HORSES AND THE RENAL ARTERY OF DOGS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by David R. Gross, B.S., D.V.M., M.Sc ***** The Ohio State University 1974 Reading Committee: Approved by: Thomas E. Powers, D.V.M., Ph.D C Roger Smith, D.V.M., Ph.D. Russell Pimmel, Ph.D. Graduate School Adviser: Adviser "~ R. M. Nerem, Ph.D. Department of Veterinary Physiology 6c Pharmacology ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For Rosalie, Ted and Jeff, who agreed to leave sunny Arizone so that husband and father could go back to school, mere thanks will never suffice. Many have offered invaluable aid over the last few years. To Bob Hamlin, a veritable fountain of inspiration and enthusiasm, an understanding and helpful teacher and adviser, sincere thanks. Bob Nerem and Russ Pimmel have offered aid and advice cheerfully and whenever asked. * Pramode Bhagat, who led me through the first year by the hand and Gary Geiger, who was always ready to offer help in doing the actual work. To ~these last four individuals, again, my special thanks. Further thanks to Wayne Robinson for the histopathology work and Steve Boggs, who always managed to make the equipment work. To all of those people in the old "Biology of the Heart Lab," the past three years have been happy, fruitful and most gratifying, due in no small part to the friendships and associations formed. It has been my pleasure! ii VITA Sept. 4, 1936 • • . B o m - Cleveland, Ohio 1958............. B.S., Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 1960............ D.V.M., Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 1967-1968 ....... One-year assignment with the FAO at the Veterinary School at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City. Consultant in large animal clinics. 1971............. NIH Trainee, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1971............. Faculty appointment, The Ohio State Univerisity Veterinary Clinic, Small Animal Medicine 1972............. M.Sc., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1973............. Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University, Bioengineering Section, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology 1973........... Consultant in cardiology and pulmonary disease PUBLICATIONS "Treatment of Laminitis," Mod. Vet. Prac.. 42, No. 58, October, 1961. "Panel Report on Firing," Mod. Vet. Practice. 44, No. 3, March, 1963. "Tarsal Luxation in an Equine," Mod. Vet. Prac. 45, No. 6 , May, 1964. iii \ "Apparent Spontaneous Recovery of a Mare with a Perforated or Ruptured Intestine," Vet. Med. 61, 656-659, 1966. S. DeAluja, A., Gross, D. R., McCosker, P. J., and Svendsen, J. Effect of Altitude on Horses, Vet. Rec.. 368-372, March 30, 1968. ------- "Equine Colic: Surgical Intervention in Relation to Clinical and Pathological Observations," Southwestern Vet. 22. Fall, 1968. "Possible Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Pericarditis in a Horse,” VM/SAC 64, No. 12:1077-1079, Dec., 1969. Gross, D. R., and S. deAluja, A. "Electrocardiographic Response to High Altitude in Horses." J.A.V.M.A. 156, No. 5:631-636, March 1, 1970. "Practical Electrocardiography in the Equine Subject," J.A.V.M.A. 159, No. 11:1335-1343, Dec. 1, 1971. Smetzer, D. L., Gross, D. R., Breznock, E. M., and Wallace, C. E. "Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in a Cow with Quinidine Gluconate," J.A.V.M.A. 160:757-760, 1972. Rumberger, J. A., Gross, D. R., Muir, W. W,. Ill, Geiger, G. L., Nerem, R. M., and Hamlin, R. L. Exploratory Measurements of Arterial Flow in Horses," 25th ACEMB, October 1-5, 1972. Gross, D. R., and Hamlin, R. L. "Measurements of Phases of Left Ventricular Systole in the Awake Dog by Use of Carotid Loop," Am. J. Vet. Res. 34:109-111, 1973. Gross, D. R., Hamlin, R. L., and Pipers, F. S. "Response of P-Q Intervals to Digitalis Glycosides in the Dog," J.A.V.M.A. 162:888-890, May 15, 1973. "Normal and Abnormal Lung Sounds in Domestic Animals." Autotutorial tape, produced by Department of Veterinary Education, The Ohio State University. Nerem, R. M., Rumberger, J. A., Gross, D. R., Geiger, L. L., and Hamlin, R. L. "Velocity Patterns in the Arterial System," presented at the 10th International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering, Dresden GDR, August 13-17, 1973. iv Rumberger, J. A., Gross, D. R., Geiger, G. L., Hamlin, R. L., and Nerem, R. M. "In Vivo Hot Film Anemometer Measurements of Arterial Flow," presented at the 26th Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology. Minneapolis. Minnesota, September 3Q-0ctober 4, 19/3. Wells, M. K., Bhagat, P. K., and Gross, D. R. "Coronary Artery Blood Velocity Wave Forms Using Pulsed Doppler Velocity Meter," presented at the 26th Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, September 30-October 4, l9/3. Gross, D. R., Pipers, F. S., and Hamlin, R. L. "Normal Systolic Time Intervals in Awake Dogs and Their Response to Digitalis Glycosides," Am. J. Vet. Res. 35:15-22, Jan., 1974. • Hamlin, R. L., Muir, W. W., Gross, D. R., and Pipers, F. S. *kight and Left Ventricular Systolic Intervals During Ventilation and Sinus Arrhythmia in the Dog: Genesis of Physiologic Splitting of the Second Heart Sound," Am. J. Vet. Res. 35:9-14, Jan., 1974. Nerem, R. M., Rumberger, J. A., Gross, D. R., Hamlin, R. L., ana Geiger, G. L. "Hot-Film Anemometer Velocity Measure- • ments of Arterial Flow in Horses," Circ. Research. 34:193-203, Feb., 1974.. : Bhagat, P. K., Pimmel, R., Gross, D. R., and Hamlin, R. L. "Digital Computer Simulation of the Left Ventricle in Diastole," IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering, submitted for publication. Bhagat, P. K., Pimmel, R., Weed, H., Gross, D. R., and Hamlin, R. L. "Development of an Optimum Minimization Algorith (OMA) for Use in Biological System Identifi­ cation." Submitted for publication to Computers in Biomedical Research. Gross, D. R., Muir, W. W., Pipers, F. S., and Hamlin, R. L. "Reevaluation of the Heart Score." Submitted for publication, J.A.V.M.A. Muir, W. W., Gross, D. R., Pipers. F. S., and Hamlin, R. L. "A New Lead System for Horses, Submitted for publication, J.A.V.M.A. v \ Gross, D R., and Hamlin, R. L. "An anomolous Coronary Artery in a Horse." Submitted for publication, J.A.V.M.A. Gross, D. R., and Hamlin, R. L. "Pulmonary Function Tests in Horses," in preparation. vi \ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................. ii VITA ........ ill LIST OF TABLES .................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES .................. ............ x INTRODUCTION ......... 1 Mathematical Simulation ....................... 1 Pressure-Flow Relationships ♦ . 2 Input Impedance .............. ......... 3 The Coronary Artery M o d e l ........ 7 The Renal M o d e l .............. 9 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................... 13 ♦ B a c k g r o u n d .......... 13 Pressure-Flow Relationships ..... ........... 15 Modeling . ................................ 17 Impednace Calculations .....'............. 20 Measurements and Characteristics of Coronary Flow ....... 29 Measurement Techniques ..................... 31 Control and Perturbations of Coronary Flow .... 32 Neurohumeral Factors Involved in Renal Responses ....... 40 Renal Pressure-Flow Relationships.............. 44 Use of the Plethysmograph to Measure Volume Changes.............. 46 Vasoconstrictor Action of Angiotensin II and Vasodilator Action of PGA2 .................. 47 Specific Renal Responses to Angiotensin II and PGA2 ............ 52 MATERIALS AND METHODS .............. 57 The Coronary System ............. ............. 57 The Renal System .........
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