Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis

Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis Fifth Edition Fred L. Mannering Purdue University Scott S. Washburn University of Florida John Wiley & Sons, Inc. VP AND EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER Don Fowley SENIOR ACQUISITIONS EDITOR Jennifer Welter ASSISTANT EDITOR Samantha Mandel EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER Christopher Ruel MARKETING ASSISTANT Ashley Tomeck PRODUCTION MANAGER Janis Soo ASSISTANT PRODUCTION EDITOR Elaine S. Chew MEDIA SPECIALIST Andre Legaspi COVER DESIGNER Charlene Koh COVER PHOTO Vipul Modi, University of Florida CHAPTER 6 PHOTOS Scott S. Washburn, University of Florida This book was set in Times in Microsoft Word® by the authors and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley and Sons Company, Von Hoffman. The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley and Sons Company, Von Hoffman. This book is printed on acid free paper. Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work. In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business. Among the issues we are addressing are carbon impact, paper specifications and procurement, ethical conduct within our business and among our vendors, and community and charitable support. For more information, please visit our website: www.wiley.com/go/citizenship. Copyright ¤ 2013, 2009, 2005, 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website: www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Evaluation copies are provided to qualified academics and professionals for review purposes only, for use in their courses during the next academic year. These copies are licensed and may not be sold or transferred to a third party. Upon completion of the review period, please return the evaluation copy to Wiley. Return instructions and a free of charge return mailing label are available at www.wiley.com/go/returnlabel. If you have chosen to adopt this textbook for use in your course, please accept this book as your complimentary desk copy. Outside of the United States, please contact your local sales representative. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mannering, Fred L. Principles of highway engineering and traffic analysis / Fred L. Mannering, Scott S. Washburn. -- 5th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-12014-9 (hardback) 1. Highway engineering. 2. Traffic engineering. I. Washburn, Scott S. II. Title. TE147.M28 2012 625.7--dc23 2011053436 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Preface INTRODUCTION The first four editions of Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis sought to redefine how entry-level transportation engineering courses are taught. When the first edition was published over two decades ago, there was a need for an entry-level transportation engineering book that focused exclusively on highway transportation and provided the depth of coverage needed to serve as a basis for future transportation courses as well as the material needed to answer questions likely to appear on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) and/or Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) exams in civil engineering. The subsequent use of the various editions of this book, over the years, at some of the largest and most prestigious schools in the U.S. and throughout the world suggests that a vision of a concise, highly focused, and well written entry-level book is shared by many educators. APPROACH This fifth edition of Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis continues the spirit of the previous four editions by again focusing exclusively on highway transportation and providing the depth of coverage necessary to solve the highway-related problems that are most likely to be encountered in engineering practice. The focus on highway transportation is a natural one given the dominance of highway transportation for people and freight movement in the U.S. and throughout the world. While the focus on highway transportation is easily accomplished, identifying the highway-related problems most likely to be encountered in practice and providing an appropriate depth of coverage of them is a more challenging task. Using the first four editions as a basis, along with the comments of other instructors and students who have used previous editions of the book, topics that are fundamental to highway engineering and traffic analysis have been carefully selected. The material provided in this book ensures that students learn the fundamentals needed to undertake upper-level transportation courses, enter transportation employment with a basic knowledge of highway engineering and traffic analysis, and have the knowledge necessary to answer transportation-related questions on the civil engineering FE and PE exams. MATHEMATICAL RIGOR Within the basic philosophical approach described above, this book addresses the concern of some that traditional highway transportation courses are not as mathematically challenging or rigorous as other entry-level civil engineering courses, and that this may affect student interest relative to other civil-engineering fields of study. This concern is not easily addressed because there is a dichotomy with regard vi Preface to mathematical rigor in highway transportation, with relatively simple mathematics used in practice-oriented material and complex mathematics used in research. Thus it is common for instructors to either insult students’ mathematical knowledge or vastly exceed it. This book strives for that elusive middle ground of mathematical rigor that matches junior and senior engineering students’ mathematical abilities. CHAPTER TOPICS AND ORGANIZATION The fifth edition of Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis has evolved from nearly three decades of teaching introductory transportation engineering classes at the University of Washington, University of Florida, Purdue University, and Pennsylvania State University, feedback from users of the first four editions, and experiences in teaching civil-engineering licensure exam review courses. The book’s material and presentation style (which is characterized by the liberal use of example problems) are largely responsible for transforming much- maligned introductory transportation engineering courses into courses that students consistently rate among the best civil engineering courses. The book begins with a short introductory chapter that stresses the significance of highway transportation to the social and economic underpinnings of society. This chapter provides students a basic overview of the problems facing the field of highway engineering and traffic analysis. The chapters that follow are arranged in sequences that focus on highway engineering (Chapters 2, 3, and 4) and traffic analysis (Chapters 5, 6, 7, and 8). Chapter 2 introduces the basic elements of road vehicle performance. This chapter represents a major departure from the vehicle performance material presented in all other transportation and highway engineering books, in that it is far more involved and detailed. The additional level of detail is justified on two grounds. First, because students own and drive automobiles, they have a basic interest that can be linked to their freshman and sophomore coursework in physics, statics, and dynamics. Traditionally, the absence of such a link has been a common criticism of introductory transportation and highway engineering courses. Second, it is important that engineering students understand the principles involved in vehicle technologies and the effect that continuing advances in vehicle technologies will have on engineering practice. Chapter 3 presents current design practices for the geometric alignment of highways. This chapter provides details on vertical-curve design and the basic elements of horizontal-curve design. This edition of the book has been updated to the latest design guidelines (Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2011). Chapter 4 provides a detailed overview of traditional pavement design, covering both flexible and rigid pavements in a thorough and consistent manner. The material in this chapter also links well with the geotechnical and materials courses that are likely to be part of the student’s curriculum. This edition of the book is significantly revised with new examples and new sections on pavement distresses and mechanistic-empirical approaches to pavement design. Chapter 5 presents

Load more