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Cumulative Impact Assessment for Regional Development in the Cap-Haïtien to Ouanaminthe Urban Corridor

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Cumulative Impact Assessment for Regional Development in the Cap-Haïtien to Ouanaminthe Urban Corridor CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CAP-HAÏTIEN TO OUANAMINTHE URBAN CORRIDOR FINAL DRAFT Linda Shi, Alex Bellande, Juan Pablo Bocarejo, Veronique Dorner, Erica Gees, Fritz A. Jean, Glenn Smucker, Beatriz del Cueto, Agamemnon G. Pantel, Jeff Allen, Kimberly Miller, Bruce Laird, Michele Adams, Altje Hoekstra, Kate Evasic, Molly Julian, Mike Hickman, Drury MacKenzie and Scott Sklar August 26, 2012 CONFIDENTIAL AIA Legacy American Institute of Architects Inter-American Development Bank ATN/OC-12751-HA Team Leader - Arcindo Santos USAID / OTI Project Coordinator - Nicole Widdershiem TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 1 I. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................................... 8 II. SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 III. PROCESS AND METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 9 PART 1: PERSPECTIVES DE DEVELOPPEMENT ÉCONOMIQUE DU NORD ...................................... 11 1.1 Contexte ........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.2 Situation Actuelle de la Région ..................................................................................................... 12 1.3 Les Grands Projets Déclencheurs du Nord et Leurs Effets Induits .............................................. 14 PART 2. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS .......................... 24 2.1 Current Population Estimates ....................................................................................................... 24 2.2 Socio-Economic Characteristics ................................................................................................... 26 2.3 Employment Generation ............................................................................................................... 28 2.4 Projected Population ..................................................................................................................... 28 PART 3: VALUED ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS.................................................................................... 31 3.1 VES 1: Estuarine, Coastal and Marine Systems .......................................................................... 32 3.2 VES 2: Surface and Ground Water Resources ............................................................................ 34 3.3 VES 3: Highland Watershed and Riparian Habitat ....................................................................... 37 3.4 VES 4: Air Quality ......................................................................................................................... 39 3.5 VES 5: Soils and Agriculturally Valuable Areas ............................................................................ 40 3.6 VES 6: Culturally Valuable Areas ................................................................................................. 42 PART 4: LAND USE CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................. 44 4.1 Natural Hazards and Risks ........................................................................................................... 44 4.1.1 Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Liquefaction Risks ................................................................. 44 4.1.2 Flood Risks .......................................................................................................................... 47 4.1.3 Drought Risks ...................................................................................................................... 49 4.1.4 Landslides, Mud Flows and Erosion Risks .......................................................................... 51 4.1.5 Projected Climate Change Impacts ..................................................................................... 51 4.1.6 Integrated Map of Natural Hazard Risks ............................................................................. 52 4.1.7 Map of Land Development Suitability .................................................................................. 53 4.2 Land Consumption Requirements ................................................................................................ 55 PART 5. SECTORAL RESOURCE DEMANDS AND IMPACTS .............................................................. 59 5.1 Transportation Infrastructure......................................................................................................... 59 5.2 Water Supply ................................................................................................................................ 63 5.3 Sanitation, Wastewater and Stormwater ...................................................................................... 66 5.4 Solid Waste Generation ................................................................................................................ 70 5.5 Energy Consumption .................................................................................................................... 78 PART 6: CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................... 82 6.1 VES 1: Estuarine, Coastal and Marine Systems .......................................................................... 82 6.2 VES 2: Surface and Ground Water Resources ............................................................................ 83 6.3 VES 3: Highland Watershed and Riparian Habitat ....................................................................... 84 6.4 VES 4: Air Quality ......................................................................................................................... 86 6.5 VES 5: Soils and Agricultural Valuable Areas .............................................................................. 86 6.6 VES 6: Culturally Valuable Areas ................................................................................................. 87 6.7 Matrix of Impacts and Table of Monitoring Indicators ................................................................... 87 PART 7: PROPOSED MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES AND STRATEGIES ........................................... 92 7.1 Proposed Management Structures ............................................................................................... 93 7.2 Management Strategies for VES 1: Estuarine, Coastal and Marine Systems .............................. 98 7.3 Management Strategies for VES 2: Surface and Ground Water Resources ................................ 99 7.4 Management Strategies for VES 3: Highland Watersheds and Riparian Systems .................... 101 7.5 Management Strategies for VES 4: Air Quality........................................................................... 101 7.6 Management Strategies for VES 5: Soils and Agriculturally Valuable Areas ............................. 102 7.7 Management Strategies for VES 6: Culturally Valuable Areas ................................................... 103 7.8 Disaster Mitigation and Response .............................................................................................. 105 7.9 Economic Policies to Promote Implementation .......................................................................... 105 Annex 1: Summary Analysis of Governance Issues ................................................................................. 116 Annex 2: Actions Prioritaires pour une Intensification de la Production Agricole et pour la Conservation des Sols et des Eaux .......................................................................................................... 120 Annex 3: Proposed Transportation Plan ................................................................................................... 123 Annex 4: Flood and Stormwater Management Recommendations .......................................................... 127 Annex 5: Water Supply Recommendations .............................................................................................. 131 Annex 6: Sanitation and Wastewater Recommendations ......................................................................... 133 Annex 7: Solid Waste Recommendations ................................................................................................. 135 Annex 8: Recommendations to Extend Access to Energy and Electricity ................................................ 140 Annex 9: Puerto Rico: Case Study for Cultural Patrimony Management ................................................. 142 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................................... 143 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Département du Nord-Est Budget Consolidé 2009-2010 .............................................................. 12 Table 2 Recettes Douanières 2010-2011 en Gds ...................................................................................... 14 Table 3 Summary of Major Projects in the Region ..................................................................................... 17 Table 4 Les Communes du Couloir et les Activités Economiques Induites ...............................................
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