DOCSLIB.ORG

Occurrence and Proliferation of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Occurrence and Proliferation of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Plants UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones December 2016 Occurrence and Proliferation of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Plants Majid Neyestani University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Civil Engineering Commons, and the Environmental Engineering Commons Repository Citation Neyestani, Majid, "Occurrence and Proliferation of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Plants" (2016). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 2889. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/10083194 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OCCURRENCE AND PROLIFERATION OF ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS By Majid Neyestani Bachelor of Science in Engineering – Civil Engineering University of Qom 2010 Master of Science in Engineering – Civil and Environmental Engineering Isfahan University of Technology 2012 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy – Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas December 2016 0 Copyright 2016 Majid Neyestani All Rights Reserved 1 Dissertation Approval The Graduate College The University of Nevada, Las Vegas November 23, 2016 This dissertation prepared by Majid Neyestani entitled Occurrence and Proliferation of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Plans is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy – Civil and Environmental Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Daniel Gerrity, Ph.D. Kathryn Hausbeck Korgan, Ph.D. Examination Committee Chair Graduate College Interim Dean Dale Devitt, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Donald Hayes, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Jacimaria Batista, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Eduardo Robleto, Ph.D. Graduate College Faculty Representative ii Abstract Solids retention time (SRT) is one of the most important factors in designing and operating activated sludge systems for biological wastewater treatment. Longer SRTs have been shown to alter the structure and function of microbial communities, thereby leading to improved treatment efficacy with respect to bulk and trace organics, nutrient removal, and membrane fouling. However, research has also shown that longer SRTs lead to increased prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, perhaps due to increased exposure to antibiotics present in influent wastewater. The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in microbial community structure in a laboratory-scale activated sludge system as a function of SRT (2-20 days) and influent concentrations (1x-100x ambient concentrations) of five antibiotics: ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and vancomycin. Also, this research aimed to characterize the role of SRT and elevated antibiotic concentrations on AR proliferation in biological treatment processes. Changes in microbial community structure were evaluated based on traditional plating methods and 16s rDNA sequencing, and microbial community function was evaluated based on changes in effluent water quality, including bulk organic matter characterization and antibiotic concentrations. Spread plate technique was used to determine the number of Gram positive Staphylococcus/Streptococcus strains. The extent of AR was also determined based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of resistant isolates. The results indicated that SRT—but not antibiotic loading—had a significant impact on microbial community structure (e.g., reduction in relative prevalence of Acinetobacter and Arcobacter) and effluent water quality. Therefore, spikes in influent antibiotics (at sub-therapeutic concentrations) are not expected to adversely impact biological wastewater treatment. The results revealed that longer SRTs and higher antibiotic concentrations select for antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs). iii The data obtained from this study suggests that longer SRTs may select for trimethoprim- resistant bacteria and/or result in false positives for trimethoprim resistance due to higher concentrations of free thymine or thymidine. iv Acknowledgements My most sincere thanks go to my advisor, Dr. Daniel Gerrity. I thank him for his guidance, encouragement and support. I would like to thank my committee members for their valuable advice and time. I would also like to thank the personnel at the study site, particularly Bruce Dacko, and Peter Faught at UNLV for their assistance in designing and setting up the experimental system. Finally, I would like to express my eternal gratitude to my wife and my family for their everlasting love and support. v Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my wife, Elnaz, and to my parents, Abbas and Fatemeh, with my gratitude for their love, support, and inspiration throughout my life. vi Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Environmental reservoirs of thymidine as a mechanism of trimethoprim resistance: ................. 2 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Research question ................................................................................................................................. 3 Hypothesis ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Approach .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Outcome ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Microbial community structure and function: ............................................................................. 4 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Research question 1 .............................................................................................................................. 4 Hypothesis 1 .................................................................................................................................... 4 Research question 2:............................................................................................................................. 5 Hypothesis 2 .................................................................................................................................... 5 Approach .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Outcome ............................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Relative abundance and extent of AR: ........................................................................................ 6 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Research question 1 .............................................................................................................................. 6 Hypothesis 1 .................................................................................................................................... 7 Research question 2 .............................................................................................................................. 7 Hypothesis 2 .................................................................................................................................... 7 Approach .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Outcome ............................................................................................................................................... 7 2.0 State of knowledge ........................................................................................................................... 8 vii 2.1 Antibiotic Resistance as an Emerging Threat .............................................................................. 8 2.2 Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance ...............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supplementary Information for Microbial Electrochemical Systems Outperform Fixed-Bed Biofilters for Cleaning-Up Urban Wastewater
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supplementary information for Microbial Electrochemical Systems outperform fixed-bed biofilters for cleaning-up urban wastewater AUTHORS: Arantxa Aguirre-Sierraa, Tristano Bacchetti De Gregorisb, Antonio Berná, Juan José Salasc, Carlos Aragónc, Abraham Esteve-Núñezab* Fig.1S Total nitrogen (A), ammonia (B) and nitrate (C) influent and effluent average values of the coke and the gravel biofilters. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval. Fig. 2S Influent and effluent COD (A) and BOD5 (B) average values of the hybrid biofilter and the hybrid polarized biofilter. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval. Fig. 3S Redox potential measured in the coke and the gravel biofilters Fig. 4S Rarefaction curves calculated for each sample based on the OTU computations. Fig. 5S Correspondence analysis biplot of classes’ distribution from pyrosequencing analysis. Fig. 6S. Relative abundance of classes of the category ‘other’ at class level. Table 1S Influent pre-treated wastewater and effluents characteristics. Averages ± SD HRT (d) 4.0 3.4 1.7 0.8 0.5 Influent COD (mg L-1) 246 ± 114 330 ± 107 457 ± 92 318 ± 143 393 ± 101 -1 BOD5 (mg L ) 136 ± 86 235 ± 36 268 ± 81 176 ± 127 213 ± 112 TN (mg L-1) 45.0 ± 17.4 60.6 ± 7.5 57.7 ± 3.9 43.7 ± 16.5 54.8 ± 10.1 -1 NH4-N (mg L ) 32.7 ± 18.7 51.6 ± 6.5 49.0 ± 2.3 36.6 ± 15.9 47.0 ± 8.8 -1 NO3-N (mg L ) 2.3 ± 3.6 1.0 ± 1.6 0.8 ± 0.6 1.5 ± 2.0 0.9 ± 0.6 TP (mg
    [Show full text]
  • Impact Des Paramètres De Fabrication Des Légumes Fermentés Sur Leur
    Impact des paramètres de fabrication des légumes fermentés sur leur composition microbiologique : Caractérisation par approche culture-dépendante des populations de micro-organismes dans divers légumes fermentés Olivier Picard To cite this version: Olivier Picard. Impact des paramètres de fabrication des légumes fermentés sur leur composition mi- crobiologique : Caractérisation par approche culture-dépendante des populations de micro-organismes dans divers légumes fermentés. Alimentation et Nutrition. 2020. hal-02926803 HAL Id: hal-02926803 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02926803 Submitted on 1 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License UNIVERSITE DE RENNES I (U.F.R. Sciences de la Vie et de l'Environnement) UNIVERSITE DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE (U.F.R. des Sciences &Techniques) MASTER SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGIES, SANTE Mention MICROBIOLOGIE Parcours Microbiologie Fondamentale et Appliquée Année 2019-2020 Impact des paramètres de fabrication des légumes fermentés sur leur composition microbiologique : Caractérisation par approche culture-dépendante des populations de micro-organismes dans divers légumes fermentés Mémoire présenté le 15 Juin 2020 Par Olivier Picard Stage effectué au Laboratoire de l’Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, 65 rue de St-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes Sous la direction de Anne Thierry et Marie-Noelle Madec UNIVERSITE DE RENNES I (U.F.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Abella, C.A., X.P. Cristina, A. Martinez, I. Pibernat and X. Vila. 1998. on moderate concentrations of acetate: production of single cells. Two new motile phototrophic consortia: "Chlorochromatium lunatum" Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35: 686-689. and "Pelochromatium selenoides". Arch. Microbiol. 169: 452-459. Ahring, B.K, P. Westermann and RA. Mah. 1991b. Hydrogen inhibition Abella, C.A and LJ. Garcia-Gil. 1992. Microbial ecology of planktonic of acetate metabolism and kinetics of hydrogen consumption by Me­ filamentous phototrophic bacteria in holomictic freshwater lakes. Hy­ thanosarcina thermophila TM-I. Arch. Microbiol. 157: 38-42. drobiologia 243-244: 79-86. Ainsworth, G.C. and P.H.A Sheath. 1962. Microbial Classification: Ap­ Acca, M., M. Bocchetta, E. Ceccarelli, R Creti, KO. Stetter and P. Cam­ pendix I. Symp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 12: 456-463. marano. 1994. Updating mass and composition of archaeal and bac­ Alam, M. and D. Oesterhelt. 1984. Morphology, function and isolation terial ribosomes. Archaeal-like features of ribosomes from the deep­ of halobacterial flagella. ]. Mol. Biol. 176: 459-476. branching bacterium Aquifex pyrophilus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 16: 629- Albertano, P. and L. Kovacik. 1994. Is the genus LeptolynglYya (Cyano­ 637. phyte) a homogeneous taxon? Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 105: 37-51. Achenbach-Richter, L., R Gupta, KO. Stetter and C.R Woese. 1987. Were Aldrich, H.C., D.B. Beimborn and P. Schönheit. 1987. Creation of arti­ the original eubacteria thermophiles? Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 9: 34- factual internal membranes during fixation of Methanobacterium ther­ 39. moautotrophicum. Can.]. Microbiol. 33: 844-849. Adams, D.G., D. Ashworth and B.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovering Bioresources from Integrated Photo-Bioelectrochemical System" (2013)
    University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 12-1-2013 Recovering Bioresources from Integrated Photo- Bioelectrochemical System Li Xiao University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Xiao, Li, "Recovering Bioresources from Integrated Photo-Bioelectrochemical System" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 444. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/444 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RECOVERING BIORESOURCES FROM INTEGRATED PHOTO- BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM by Li Xiao A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee December 2013 ABSTRACT RECOVERING BIORESOURCES FROM INTEGRATED PHOTO-BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM by Li Xiao The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2013 Under the Supervision of Professor Zhen He Compared to traditional wastewater treatment technologies, the electricity generation is one of the most important advantages of bioelectrochemical systems (BES). However, due to its high cost and low energy production, BES technologies are still far away from feasible application. The main purpose of this work was to investigate ways to improve the electricity generation and reduce the cost of BES technologies. We focused on microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) as two representative BES technologies. In order to improve the energy performance of MFCs, an accurate evaluation of the energy is necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacteria-Killing Type IV Secretion Systems
    fmicb-10-01078 May 18, 2019 Time: 16:6 # 1 REVIEW published: 21 May 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01078 Bacteria-Killing Type IV Secretion Systems Germán G. Sgro1†, Gabriel U. Oka1†, Diorge P. Souza1‡, William Cenens1, Ethel Bayer-Santos1‡, Bruno Y. Matsuyama1, Natalia F. Bueno1, Thiago Rodrigo dos Santos1, Cristina E. Alvarez-Martinez2, Roberto K. Salinas1 and Chuck S. Farah1* 1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 2 Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Edited by: Campinas, Brazil Ignacio Arechaga, University of Cantabria, Spain Reviewed by: Bacteria have been constantly competing for nutrients and space for billions of years. Elisabeth Grohmann, During this time, they have evolved many different molecular mechanisms by which Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, to secrete proteinaceous effectors in order to manipulate and often kill rival bacterial Germany Xiancai Rao, and eukaryotic cells. These processes often employ large multimeric transmembrane Army Medical University, China nanomachines that have been classified as types I–IX secretion systems. One of the *Correspondence: most evolutionarily versatile are the Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs), which have Chuck S. Farah [email protected] been shown to be able to secrete macromolecules directly into both eukaryotic and †These authors have contributed prokaryotic cells. Until recently, examples of T4SS-mediated macromolecule transfer equally to this work from one bacterium to another was restricted to protein-DNA complexes during ‡ Present address: bacterial conjugation. This view changed when it was shown by our group that many Diorge P.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights Into 6S RNA in Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Pablo Gabriel Cataldo1,Paulklemm2, Marietta Thüring2, Lucila Saavedra1, Elvira Maria Hebert1, Roland K
    Cataldo et al. BMC Genomic Data (2021) 22:29 BMC Genomic Data https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-021-00983-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Insights into 6S RNA in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Pablo Gabriel Cataldo1,PaulKlemm2, Marietta Thüring2, Lucila Saavedra1, Elvira Maria Hebert1, Roland K. Hartmann2 and Marcus Lechner2,3* Abstract Background: 6S RNA is a regulator of cellular transcription that tunes the metabolism of cells. This small non-coding RNA is found in nearly all bacteria and among the most abundant transcripts. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) constitute a group of microorganisms with strong biotechnological relevance, often exploited as starter cultures for industrial products through fermentation. Some strains are used as probiotics while others represent potential pathogens. Occasional reports of 6S RNA within this group already indicate striking metabolic implications. A conceivable idea is that LAB with 6S RNA defects may metabolize nutrients faster, as inferred from studies of Echerichia coli.Thismay accelerate fermentation processes with the potential to reduce production costs. Similarly, elevated levels of secondary metabolites might be produced. Evidence for this possibility comes from preliminary findings regarding the production of surfactin in Bacillus subtilis, which has functions similar to those of bacteriocins. The prerequisite for its potential biotechnological utility is a general characterization of 6S RNA in LAB. Results: We provide a genomic annotation of 6S RNA throughout the Lactobacillales order. It laid the foundation for a bioinformatic characterization of common 6S RNA features. This covers secondary structures, synteny, phylogeny, and product RNA start sites. The canonical 6S RNA structure is formed by a central bulge flanked by helical arms and a template site for product RNA synthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomics Insights Into Order and Families of Lysobacterales
    SHORT COMMUNICATION Kumar et al., Access Microbiology 2019;1 DOI 10.1099/acmi.0.000015 Phylogenomics insights into order and families of Lysobacterales Sanjeet Kumar†, Kanika Bansal, Prashant P. Patil‡ and Prabhu B. Patil* Abstract Order Lysobacterales (earlier known Xanthomonadales) is a taxonomically complex group of a large number of gamma-pro- teobacteria classified in two different families, namelyLysobacteraceae and Rhodanobacteraceae. Current taxonomy is largely based on classical approaches and is devoid of whole-genome information-based analysis. In the present study, we have taken all classified and poorly described species belonging to the order Lysobacterales to perform a phylogenetic analysis based on the 16 S rRNA sequence. Moreover, to obtain robust phylogeny, we have generated whole-genome sequencing data of six type species namely Metallibacterium scheffleri, Panacagrimonas perspica, Thermomonas haemolytica, Fulvimonas soli, Pseudoful- vimonas gallinarii and Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus of the families Lysobacteraceae and Rhodanobacteraceae. Interestingly, whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed unusual positioning of the type species Pseudofulvimonas, Panacagri- monas, Metallibacterium and Aquimonas at family level. Whole-genome-based phylogeny involving 92 type strains resolved the taxonomic positioning by reshuffling the genus across families Lysobacteraceae and Rhodanobacteraceae. The present study reveals the need and scope for genome-based phylogenetic and comparative studies in order to address relationships of genera and species of order Lysobacterales. IMPact StatEMENT genus with unary species can serve as a reference and standard Species of order Lysobacterales have undergone several reclas- to compare later identified species of the respective genera. sifications, until today the taxonomy position of species within the order is largely devoid of whole-genome information.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Topic 1. Introduction to Microbiology. the Subject and Tasks
    Contents Topic 1. Introduction to microbiology. The subject and tasks of microbiology. A short historical essay………………………………………………………………5 Topic 2. Systematics and nomenclature of microorganisms……………………. 10 Topic 3. General characteristics of prokaryotic cells. Gram’s method ………...45 Topic 4. Principles of health protection and safety rules in the microbiological laboratory. Design, equipment, and working regimen of a microbiological laboratory………………………………………………………………………….162 Topic 5. Physiology of bacteria, fungi, viruses, mycoplasmas, rickettsia……...185 TOPIC 1. INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY. THE SUBJECT AND TASKS OF MICROBIOLOGY. A SHORT HISTORICAL ESSAY. Contents 1. Subject, tasks and achievements of modern microbiology. 2. The role of microorganisms in human life. 3. Differentiation of microbiology in the industry. 4. Communication of microbiology with other sciences. 5. Periods in the development of microbiology. 6. The contribution of domestic scientists in the development of microbiology. 7. The value of microbiology in the system of training veterinarians. 8. Methods of studying microorganisms. Microbiology is a science, which study most shallow living creatures - microorganisms. Before inventing of microscope humanity was in dark about their existence. But during the centuries people could make use of processes vital activity of microbes for its needs. They could prepare a koumiss, alcohol, wine, vinegar, bread, and other products. During many centuries the nature of fermentations remained incomprehensible. Microbiology learns morphology, physiology, genetics and microorganisms systematization, their ecology and the other life forms. Specific Classes of Microorganisms Algae Protozoa Fungi (yeasts and molds) Bacteria Rickettsiae Viruses Prions The Microorganisms are extraordinarily widely spread in nature. They literally ubiquitous forward us from birth to our death. Daily, hourly we eat up thousands and thousands of microbes together with air, water, food.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Diversity and Evidence of Sulfur- and Ammonium-Based Chemolithotrophy in Movile Cave
    The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 1093–1104 & 2009 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved 1751-7362/09 $32.00 www.nature.com/ismej ORIGINAL ARTICLE Life without light: microbial diversity and evidence of sulfur- and ammonium-based chemolithotrophy in Movile Cave Yin Chen1,5, Liqin Wu2,5, Rich Boden1, Alexandra Hillebrand3, Deepak Kumaresan1, He´le`ne Moussard1, Mihai Baciu4, Yahai Lu2 and J Colin Murrell1 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; 2College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; 3Institute of Speleology ‘Emil Racovita’, Bucharest, Romania and 4The Group of Underwater and Speleological Exploration, Bucharest, Romania Microbial diversity in Movile Cave (Romania) was studied using bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequence and functional gene analyses, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (RuBisCO), soxB (sulfate thioesterase/thiohydrolase) and amoA (ammonia monoox- ygenase). Sulfur oxidizers from both Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were detected in 16S rRNA, soxB and RuBisCO gene libraries. DNA-based stable-isotope probing analyses using 13 C-bicarbonate showed that Thiobacillus spp. were most active in assimilating CO2 and also implied that ammonia and nitrite oxidizers were active during incubations. Nitrosomonas spp. were detected in both 16S rRNA and amoA gene libraries from the ‘heavy’ DNA and sequences related to nitrite- oxidizing bacteria Nitrospira and Candidatus ‘Nitrotoga’ were also detected in the ‘heavy’ DNA, which suggests that ammonia/nitrite oxidation may be another major primary production process in this unique ecosystem. A significant number of sequences associated with known methylotrophs from the Betaproteobacteria were obtained, including Methylotenera, Methylophilus and Methylo- vorus, supporting the view that cycling of one-carbon compounds may be an important process within Movile Cave.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerobic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microbial Communities in Oilsands Tailings Ponds
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2016 Aerobic Hydrocarbon-degrading Microbial Communities in Oilsands Tailings Ponds Rochman, Fauziah Rochman, F. (2016). Aerobic Hydrocarbon-degrading Microbial Communities in Oilsands Tailings Ponds (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/24733 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/3508 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Aerobic Hydrocarbon-degrading Microbial Communities in Oilsands Tailings Ponds by Fauziah Fakhrunnisa Rochman A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CALGARY, ALBERTA DECEMBER, 2016 © Fauziah Fakhrunnisa Rochman 2016 Abstract Oilsands process-affected water (OSPW), produced by the surface-mining oilsands industry in Alberta, Canada, is alkaline and contains salts, various metals, and hydrocarbon compounds. In this thesis, aerobic communities involved in several key biogeochemical processes in OSPW were studied. Degradation of several key hydrocarbons was analyzed in depth. Benzene and naphthalene were used as models for aromatic hydrocarbons, in which their oxidation rates, degrading communities, and degradation pathways in OSPW were researched. The potential oxidation rates were 36.7 μmol L-1 day-1 for benzene and 85.4 μmol L-1 day-1 for naphthalene.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomics Insights Into Order and Families of Lysobacterales
    SHORT COMMUNICATION Kumar et al., Access Microbiology 2019;1 DOI 10.1099/acmi.0.000015 Phylogenomics insights into order and families of Lysobacterales Sanjeet Kumar†, Kanika Bansal, Prashant P. Patil‡ and Prabhu B. Patil* Abstract Order Lysobacterales (earlier known Xanthomonadales) is a taxonomically complex group of a large number of gamma-pro- teobacteria classified in two different families, namelyLysobacteraceae and Rhodanobacteraceae. Current taxonomy is largely based on classical approaches and is devoid of whole-genome information-based analysis. In the present study, we have taken all classified and poorly described species belonging to the order Lysobacterales to perform a phylogenetic analysis based on the 16 S rRNA sequence. Moreover, to obtain robust phylogeny, we have generated whole-genome sequencing data of six type species namely Metallibacterium scheffleri, Panacagrimonas perspica, Thermomonas haemolytica, Fulvimonas soli, Pseudoful- vimonas gallinarii and Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus of the families Lysobacteraceae and Rhodanobacteraceae. Interestingly, whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed unusual positioning of the type species Pseudofulvimonas, Panacagri- monas, Metallibacterium and Aquimonas at family level. Whole-genome-based phylogeny involving 92 type strains resolved the taxonomic positioning by reshuffling the genus across families Lysobacteraceae and Rhodanobacteraceae. The present study reveals the need and scope for genome-based phylogenetic and comparative studies in order to address relationships of genera and species of order Lysobacterales. IMPact StatEMENT genus with unary species can serve as a reference and standard Species of order Lysobacterales have undergone several reclas- to compare later identified species of the respective genera. sifications, until today the taxonomy position of species within the order is largely devoid of whole-genome information.
    [Show full text]
  • Cellular Polyamine Catalogues of the Five Classes of the Phylum Proteobacteria: Distributions of Homospermidine Within the Class
    Ann Gunma Health Sci 27：1－16，2006 1 Cellular Polyamine Catalogues of the Five Classes of the Phylum Proteobacteria: Distributions of Homospermidine within the Class Alphaproteobacteria, Hydroxyputrescine within the Class Betaproteobacteria, Norspermidine within the Class Gammaproteobacteria, and Spermine within the Classes Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Koei HAMANA1)＊, Wakako SATO1), Kanako GOUMA1), Jia YU1), Yurie INO1), Yukiko UMEMURA1), Chiharu MOCHIZUKI1), Kenji TAKATSUKA1), Yoshie KIGURE1), Nagisa TANAKA1), Takashi ITOH2) and Akira YOKOTA3) (Received September 30, 2006; Accepted December 11, 2006) Abstract : Cellular polyamines extracted from reclassified or newly validated 47 alphaproteobacteria, 46 betaproteobacteria, 96 gammaproteobacteria, 12 deltaproteobacteria and 10 epsilonproteobacteria were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Homospermidine was widely distributed within the class Alphaproteobacteria, however, homospermidine-dominant type, spermidine-dominant type and homospermidine/spermidine- dominant type were found and the three triamine profiles were genus-specific. The all genera belonging to the class Betaproteobacteria, ubiquitously contained putrescine and 2- hydroxyputrescine. Triamines were absent in almost betaproteobacteria. Many genera, including psychrophilic species, of the class Gammaproteobacteria, contained putrescine and spermidine as the major polyaminenes. Diaminopropane and norspermidine were selectively distributed in several genera of the class Gammaproteobacteria. Spermidine
    [Show full text]