Interpretive and Wayfinding Plan

WASHINGTON PARK ARBORETUM

December 22, 2004

Cascade Interpretive Consulting LEHRMAN CAMERON STUDIO WASHINGTON PARK ARBORETUM

February 16, 2005 Interpretive and Wayfinding Plan

CONSULTANT TEAM Cascade Interpretive Consulting LEHRMAN CAMERON STUDIO

PROJECT MANAGER Jerry Ernst Washington Park Arboretum How to Use This Plan

potential use scenarios Education Program Leader The Interpretive and Wayfi nding Plan is a Washington Park Arboretum Staff reference manual. It gives a direction for Educators may consult the Plan for details how to develop and carry out a consistent about the themes and sub-themes that are Maintenance staff consults the Plan to wayfi nding system between plant exhibits the backbone for the programs that they lead. determine connection between new trails, and across the entire Arboretum. The Plan The Plan also contains several maps showing Interpretive Zones, and other exhibits. also gives guidance on seamlessly applying different zones of interpretation, entrances/ Locations are identifi ed for future wayfi nding harmonious, Arboretum-wide interpretive exits, and existing interpretive signage. elements and incorporated into trail messages when developing or renovating relocation and maintenance work. plant exhibits and designing new products Special Events Coordinator

or services. interpretive and wayfinding plan Project Manager While a variety of activities at the Arboretum may be organized as special events, coor- The Plan is consulted for guiding principles dinators of those events will benefi t from and character of interpretive and wayfi nding Interpretive Exhibit Designer referencing the interpretive section of the elements. With new or renovated exhibits, signs, or Plan, thereby gaining awareness of the As trails are outlined, the Plan indicates the other features, the Plan provides guidance peripheral or tangential topics that might be type of wayfi nding or interpretive technology on themes, basic designs (elements, celebrated at any particular event. An event that might be considered for use. The materials, colors, dimensions, and “the look” might appeal to a wider audience if it reaches Plan offers a summary of media options, in general), and possible placement. across numerous subjects. and assists project managers in phasing The Plan identifi es key interpretive themes for potential infrastructure installation. that could be used to communicate the Teachers from Visiting Schools importance of the Arboretum to visitors. Prior to bringing a group of students to the Planning or Design Consultant Arboretum for a structured program or The Plan offers guidance for wayfi nding fea- Education Program Coordinator for an unstructured outing, a teacher may consult the interpretive section of the tures; where to place them, what materials to The Plan may be consulted as interpretive Plan to understand the layers and levels of use, and what they might look like. programs are developed to match student interpretive messages that are embodied by needs, requirements of visiting schools, and It also provides suggestions about interpre- the Arboretum. tive themes that could be used to communi- the resources at the Arboretum. cate key messages to Arboretum visitors. introduction intro3 Washington Park Arboretum USERS’ GUIDE

The following chart shows how particular sections of this document are most applicable to specifi c users. It divides each major section of the Plan into headings, then briefl y describes the key points under each heading, with corresponding page numbers.

section title content headings key points

WPA Staff Project Manager Planning/Design Consultant Interpretive Exhibit Designer Education Program Coordinator Education Program Leader Coordinator Special Events from Visiting Schools Teachers page

• • • • introduction

Defi nition of Arboretum and description of WPA. x Introduction Role of Interpretation and Wayfi nding

at the Arboretum. interpretive and wayfinding plan

What this Plan hopes to accomplish.

• • • • style guide

x General Design Guidelines Suggestions for materials, layout, color and font. x Entry x Orientation Dimensioned interpretive and wayfi nding x Interpretation elements. x Identifi cation

• • • • • wayfinding

x Wayfi nding Introduction What is wayfi nding? What are the opportunities and constraints of wayfi nding at the Arboretum?

x Wayfi nding Objectives The intent of signage and wayfi nding at the Arbtoreum.

introduction intro4 Washington Park Arboretum USERS’ GUIDE

section title content headings key points

• • • • • wayfinding, continued

x Vision for Signage and Wayfi nding Categories of information and strategies for communicating wayfi nding information. x Wayfi nding Strategies

Examples of wayfi nding elements, possible interpretive and wayfinding plan x Site Elements and Wayfi nding locations in the Arboretum, design principles, Techniques strategies, and content.

• • • • • • • • interpretation

x Education and Interpretation Current programs and recent history of programs at the Arboretum at WPA for various audiences.

x Interpretive Strategies Developing interpretive strategies, recommendations for service and media, and the future.

x Interpretive Categories Organizing interpretive topics at the Arboretum.

x Interpretive Matrix Linking interpretive messages with appropriate services and media for reaching specifi c audiences.

x Interpretive Zones Grouping areas within WPA according to visitation patterns.

introduction intro5 Washington Park Arboretum USERS’ GUIDE

section title content headings key points

• • • • implementation

x Operations and Maintenance for Creating a sense of ownership. Interpretation and Wayfi nding

x Inventories Arboretum’s centralized database including plants, interpretive and wayfinding plan signs, lighting, fences, benches, irrigation lines, etc.

x Maintenance Standards Designing for durability, longevity, practicality, safety, etc.

x Next Steps and Additional Studies What needs to happen in order for this Plan to be fully implemented?

• • • • • • appendix

x Interpretive and Wayfi nding Objectives: What are the goals and objectives of this plan?

Conservation, Education, and Recreation Infl uencing the implementation of future projects. and Community x Arboretum Character How does the Arboretum want to present itself to the public?

x Guiding Principles Fitting interpretive and wayfi nding techniques within the context of the Arboretum.

x Summary of Research Research process that informs this Plan.

introduction intro6 Washington Park Arboretum USERS’ GUIDE

section title content headings key points

• • • • • • appendix, continued

x Existing Sign Types Photo examples of the variety of sign types currently at the Arboretum.

x Defi ning Audiences Who are current and potential users of interpretive and wayfinding plan the Arboretum?

x Research Sources Which sources informed this Plan? x Interpretive Resources Bibliography What are other sources offering more interpretive information about subjects within the Arboretum?

x Interpretive & Wayfi nding Technology Service providers and examples of technology at comparable facilities.

x Existing Conditions: parking signs, How do visitors currently access the Arboretum, interpretive signs, and entrances/exits and what interpretive & wayfi nding signage exists? x Proposed locations for Site Elements Recommended placement for future signs, kiosks, shelters, etc.

introduction intro7 Table of Contents

Executive Summary

x How to use the Plan x Users’ Guide

2 Introduction

4 Style Guide

Wayfinding 17 Wayfinding Introduction 20 Wayfinding Strategies LCS, Cover photos also by LCS LCS, Cover 21 Site Elements and Wayfinding Techniques

Interpretation Appendix 33 Education and Interpretation in the Arboretum i Objectives 35 Interpretive Strategies iv Arboretum Character 38 Interpretive Categories vii Summary of Research 39 Interpretive Matrix viii Existing Sign Types 45 Interpretvie Zones xi Defining Audiences xii Research Sources xiv Interpretive Resources Bibliography Implementation xvi Interpretive and Wayfinding Technology 46 Operations and Maintenance xix Maps: Existing Conditions (2004) 47 Inventories Proposed Locations for Site Elements 47 Maintenance Standards 48 Next Steps and Additional Studies Washington Park Arboretum Introduction The Washington Park Arboretum is a remarkable, cherished, unique oasis in the urban landscape of Seattle.

The Washington Park Arboretum is a green and celebrate any or all aspects of this haven, set aside from the constructed and extraordinary place. As one consistently interpretive and wayfinding plan hard-edged world of the city, in perpetuity. It and relentlessly reconsiders, describes, has been preserved and cared for since its and even effects one’s family, so do people inception. It has conveyed, inspired, relieved, continuously re-evaluate and reinterpret the and been sanctuary to many people, plants, Arboretum. Still, it remains itself, near and and animals. It has been poked and prodded dear. as a resource for research and study, has This Interpretive and Wayfi nding Plan has offered itself as a vehicle for collective and been commissioned and developed to guide often positive action, and has been available current and future evaluations, descriptions, as a respite for body and soul. As part of and designs in order to help shape an the “emerald necklace” park plan of this understanding of, and an appreciation for northwest city, it is a single, individual gem. the Arboretum. The Plan will strategize In a world where elements and efforts of ways that people can orient themselves simplicity and grace are often overwhelmed within and about the Arboretum site and and under-appreciated, the seemingly story. Suggestions for interpretation and fragile green land of the Washington Park wayfi nding are noted here that are meant to Arboretum has endured. It has been up be worthy of this remarkable place. They are to each successive generation though to durable, fl exible, sensitive, and refl ecting the preserve, protect, embellish, announce, mission of the Washington Park Arboretum.

introduction LCS 2 Washington Park Arboretum There are many ways to display, demonstrate, the future. The elements and strategies preserve, and cultivate this important site described here may be put into place and One of the most and collection. Though much of this Plan look great at fi rst, but they are meant to is dedicated to concept designs for signage continue to look great and to work for important messages on the Arboretum site, it also addresses decades. The constructions, programs, and the off-site and even the virtual aspects of technology that embody the Arboretum’s of the Arboretum is understanding and orientation. It attempts stories, as we are suggesting they be told, about change. One to encompass interpretation and wayfi nding will only be durable and sustainable in as from all aspects and potentials: physically, much as they are maintained. will never step into intellectually, and emotionally. Much rests on keeping an inventory up to Though this Plan means to simplify and date. This is true for trees and plants, but the same Arboretum organize elegantly, it also needs to suggest also for signs, “street” furniture, paths, twice. methods to reach different people of varied programs, websites, and all elements of the backgrounds, from all parts of the city, state, place. It is necessary to check from time to It is inevitable that the trees will grow and interpretive and wayfinding plan and world, all ages, and with a cacophony of time that good plans are implemented and the ground will erode. Perceptions will be needs and expectations. It must also be bad plans rethought and readjusted. altered and expectations will evolve with valuable into the future. It therefore must shifts in the cultural context. However, the be an insightful Plan, anticipating the future, land in the Washington Park Arboretum shall based upon the past, but without any always remain green and the Arboretum assurances. Thus it has been devised to be (from the Latin arbor, for tree) will always a fl exible tool with allowances for amendments. have perennial woody plants of considerable height, with self-supporting trunks. This Interpretive and Wayfi nding Plan is a reference book. It cannot be emphasized Still, as the Arboretum changes, we need to enough that the Plan will only work if it is view it afresh and to sustain it intelligently. carried out with a persistent and insightful Over time, people will necessarily have to leadership and an institutional memory. The make decisions about the best and most Plan has been developed and produced but sensitive means to treat this place in all of its now it must also be read and used. parts and aspects.

It is most of all imperative that the We have been granted the gift of the Operations and Maintenance program for Washington Park Arboretum and it is in our Interpretation and Wayfi nding at the care. This Plan is one instrument, intended Arboretum includes all necessary resources to enable us to do the job well. (staff and fi nance) to be sustainable into LCS introduction 3 Washington Park Arboretum interpretive and wayfinding plan 4 always carry a photo credit. The standard always carry a photo credit. The standard photo credit format will be to include using the the photographer’s name only, surrounding body copy font. and elegant, with elements of playfulness. and elegant, with elements edges of panels. Bands borders around the for impact and to and boxes are used emphasize the hierarchy of information. white and concentrated, allowing plenty of not space for the text. The graphics should overlap the text. variations titles where possible. Type and indicate hierarchy and are meaningful limited in number. are simple illustrations from the Arboretum encouraged to showcase the uniqueness will and depth of the collection. Photos LAYOUT legible, clean, is graphics of look Overall • uncluttered, without • Layout is open and • Use of photos and illustrations is spare and structured, with large is simple • Type • The use of photographic images and GRAPHIC PANELS: Concrete color: warm Concrete brown or green (TBD) Aggregate: include recycled glass from local supplier Finish: honed Stone Warm Color/Type: granite or dark basalt Plastic (for Plant ID engraving) black Color: Powder-coated steel Match PMS 476 Color: Gauge: Heavy Phenolic clear, Color: displays inkjet print (easily cleanable, graffiti resistant) Thickness: 1/8–1/4" Terrazzo basalt granite MATERIALS RECOMMENDED style guide Interpretive and Wayfinding Interpretive and Wayfinding

which describes the function of the which describes the function of the

landscape. section of this Plan, the signs and how they are to be used in used as templates for graphic panels. Many used as templates for graphic panels. of the forms are also found in the Wayfinding the inclusion of interpretive and wayfinding the inclusion of interpretive files elements in future projects. Electronic be are provided with this guide that may throughout the Arboretum. The Guide throughout the Arboretum. materials, colors, suggests the size and and other standards for fonts, graphic layout, taken as final designs for any particular taken as final designs to establish design sign, but as guidelines to promote harmony directions in order signage, a physical form of interpretation signage, a physical ideas are not to be and wayfinding. These The Style Guide provides suggestions for Guide provides suggestions The Style General Design Guidelines Design General Washington Park Arboretum interpretive and wayfinding plan 5 Scala Sans Bold abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1234567890.,” “ ? / & * ( ) $ Scala Sans (by FontFont). Generally, no more Generally, Scala Sans (by FontFont). be used on one piece, but than two fonts will third font may be added italics, bold, and a Atma Serif Book Roman for design purposes. for Stempel. is an acceptable substitute Roman Stempel Schneidler abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1234567890.,” “ ? / & * ( ) $ Stempel Schneidler Italic abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1234567890.,” “ ? / & * ( ) $ Scala Sans abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1234567890.,” “ ? / & * ( ) $ The suggested typeface for Arboretum signage signage Arboretum for typeface suggested The (by Linotype) and is Stempel Schneidler PMS 634 C:100 M:0 Y:9 K:47 PMS 683 C:50 M:100 Y:0 K:43 Use the colors below for seasonal or plant-appropriate materials. PMS 476 C:57 M:80 Y:100 K:45 (PMS) ® PMS 455 C:42 M:45 Y:95 K:50 PMS 1807 C:0 M:100 Y:94 K:30 style guide C:0 M:90 Y:100 K:50 PMS 1815 PMS 456 C:0 M:17 Y:100 K:43 PMS 160 C:0 M:60 Y:100 K:34 Arboretum signage. Use Pantone Arboretum signage. color. chips for accurate A dark rich color palette should be used for color palette should A dark rich Y:10 K:0 PMS 7500 C:4 M:4 GRAPHIC PANELS: COLOR AND FONT Y:73 K:0 PMS 458 C:10 M:10 smooth. Preferred color is off-white or ivory, or ivory, smooth. Preferred color is off-white not bright white or yellow. Background surface should be uniform and Background surface should be uniform Washington Park Arboretum interpretive and wayfinding plan 6 6" ANCE MIN., TYP. DIST TO EDGE Graphic or Logo 13'-0"

never obscures title. of this guide for section See the Wayfinding about these signs. more information suggested placement in Arboretum, For Locations for see Appendix: Proposed Site Elements. NOTES around base of sign Be sure that growth

North Entry Sign

1'-5" 7" 5" 7" 4'-6" COLOR or dark grey (basalt) light warm (granite) TYPE Medium, 7" high Stempel Schneidler edge of rock no more than 6" from and painted in black Title letters are etched on contrast with or off-white, depending should be as great as the stone. Contrast possible for best legibility. with Graphic or logo is etched and painted slightly less contrast than title. 11'-7" style guide South Entry Sign

Arboretum Entry Entry Arboretum

4" 7" 1'-7"

easily cleanable, graffitti-resistant finish easily cleanable, graffitti-resistant rough “natural” shape, rough “natural” shape,

(see Recommended Materials, page 4) (see Recommended • rock: granite or basalt • rock: granite or basalt MATERIAL MATERIAL 5'-7" Washington Park Arboretum interpretive and wayfinding plan 7 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � See � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � columns or spread cross two columns to create columns or spread specifications These layout variety and flexibility. only: panels should be are general guidelines subjects dicate. designed as individual this guide for more section of the Wayfinding information). NOTES images can be fitted to individual and Text � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Use other palette colors at 100% to keep Use other palette colors Be sure text is contrasts rich, vibrant look. with background. as much as possible COLOR PMS 7500 Background is off-white, � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��

�

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� � style guide � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Orientation Kiosk Panel Panel Kiosk Orientation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Orientation Kiosks � • Phenolic panel, to be used as part of • Phenolic panel, to MATERIAL MATERIAL � Washington Park Arboretum interpretive and wayfinding plan 8 dark brown powder-coated metal plate 2" space for water runoff W 4"

SIDE VIE 2' - 6" - 2'

phenolic panel

Site Elements. Site

see Appendix: Proposed Locations for for Locations Proposed Appendix: see

For suggested placement in Arboretum, Arboretum, in placement suggested For

more information. more See the Wayfinding section of this guide for for guide this of section Wayfinding the See

, incorporate curved lines

phenolic resin panel with security screws holding panel to plate powder-coated metal cross-piece for added stability square terrazzo base of colored concrete, square terrazzo base of colored concrete, recycled glass and marble aggregate

3'-4" X 1' - 0" phenolic resin sign @ 30 degree angle

Back of phenolic should be sealed to metal. metal. to sealed be should phenolic of Back

phenolic and metal. metal. and phenolic

for difference of thermal expansion between between expansion thermal of difference for

Screw holes should be oversized to allow allow to oversized be should holes Screw

that concrete footing is never exposed. never is footing concrete that

Terrazzo base is to be planted in ground so so ground in planted be to is base Terrazzo NOTES NOTES W 2' - 3" style guide FRONT VIE Pedestrian Orientation Orientation Pedestrian mounted with safety screws on metal plate mounted with safety (see Recommended Materials, page 4) (see Recommended • powder-coated metal • powder-coated metal (see following page) • phenolic sign panel • steel-reinforced concrete footing • steel-reinforced concrete • terrazzo base MATERIALS MATERIALS Washington Park Arboretum interpretive and wayfinding plan 9 logos: keep to bottom, use one color for all. No logo should occupy more than a 1–2" square area. Body text A: Scala Sans Bold 36 pt/40 leading Subhead A: Scala Sans Bold 70 pt 7"

ourtesy Rules ausa esse aliquip eros. Nulla abico refoveo utinam. C Iriure vero . Erat iriure vero fegait. Enim suscipere duis abdo. Dolore enim. nost rud. Feugait C columns or spread cross two columns to columns or spread layout These flexibility. create variety and general guidelines only: specifications are as individual panels should be designed previous page and the subjects dictate. See guide for more section of thie Wayfinding information. NOTES images can be fitted to individual and Text

ster Island

MOHAI enter ynn Street E. L Graham Visitor C You Are Here You

Azalea W

ashington Blvd E. Arboretum Drive Use other palette colors at 100% to keep Use other palette colors Be sure text contrasts rich, vibrant look. with background. as much as possible COLOR PMS 7500. Background is off-white,

Lake W venue 2' - 9" Boyer A E. Interlaken Blvd. style guide Garden Japanese should not be smaler than 28 pt (scala sans) Place-names on map Title: Scala Sans Bold Capitals 80 pt Pedestrian Orientation Panel Panel Orientation Pedestrian WASHINGTON PARK ARBORETUM

pedestrian orientation signs. pedestrian orientation • Phenolic panel, to be used as part of • Phenolic panel, to 12" MATERIAL Washington Park Arboretum 0

interpretive and wayfinding plan 1

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guidelines only: panels should be designed designed be should panels only: guidelines

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Phenolic panel may be screwed and glued to to glued and screwed be may panel Phenolic

that concrete footing is never exposed. never is footing concrete that

Terrazzo base is to be planted in ground so so ground in planted be to is base Terrazzo NOTES � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � style guide � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Pathway Directional Pathway

� � � � � • phenolic sign panel • phenolic sign panel Materials, page 4) (see Recommended • steel-reinforced concrete footing • steel-reinforced concrete • terrazzo MATERIALS Washington Park Arboretum 1 interpretive and wayfinding plan 1 more information. placement in Arboretum, suggested For Locations for see Appendix: Proposed Site Elements. See the Wayfinding section of this guide for section of See the Wayfinding square spiraled 2" space for water runoff 4" terrazzo base of colored concrete, recycled glass, and marble aggregate. SIDE VIEW that concrete footing is never exposed. that concrete footing be oversized to allow Screw holes should expansion between for difference of thermal phenolic and metal. be sealed to metal. Back of phenolic should NOTES to be planted in ground so base is Terrazzo phenolic resin style guide

1'2" x 1' sign at 30 degree angle FRONT VIEW Freestanding Interpretation Freestanding 2'-3" mounted with safety screws on metal plate mounted with safety (see Recommended Materials, page 4) (see Recommended • powder-coated metal • powder-coated metal (see following page) • phenolic sign panel • steel-reinforced concrete footing • steel-reinforced concrete • terrazzo base MATERIALS MATERIALS Washington Park Arboretum 2 interpretive and wayfinding plan 1 . columns or spread cross two columns to columns or spread layout These flexibility. create variety and general guidelines only: specifications are as individual panels should be designed section the Wayfinding subjects dictate. See information of thie guide for more NOTES images can be fitted to individual and Text � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 100%. Use other palette colors at 100% to 100%. Use other palette look. Be sure text contrasts keep rich, vibrant with background. as much as possible COLOR PMS 7500 at Background is off-white, � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � - � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

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standardized donor recognition panel. standardized donor section of this guide See the Wayfinding for more information. NOTES location for Back of sign is potential (excluding top ornamentation): ace op piece provides opportunity for unique op piece provides opportunity for unique particular plant type. Sign F Both names centered Place Title: 2-inch Stempel Schneidler Medium Italic, Latin Name: 1-inch Stempel Schneidler upper and lower case Letters to match PMS 7500 (off-white) for sign face. Material: Porcelain or other durable surface Powder-coated steel for other surfaces. T related to a artist-designed ornamentation, perhaps p Text: PMS 7500 PMS Text: COLOR Sign: PMS 476 3 1/2" each side 3" p olor: Match PMS 476 Powder-coated steel C Gauge: Heavy style guide or width of longest title including margins

suggested margin: no less than 3'

Place Identification Title Identification Place 1/2" 1" 2"

3' - 1" - 3' 6" ID • steel-reinforced concrete footings • steel-reinforced concrete • powder-coated steel supports and ornament • powder-coated steel face • porcelain enamel MATERIAL Washington Park Arboretum 4 interpretive and wayfinding plan 1 - - , black , with at least ype: Scala sans bold Background color: PMS 7500 Title color: PMS palette at 100% T 48pt /52 leading Left justify 1/2" left margin. Brief descriptive sentence Scala sans regular 32pt /32 leading left justify with at least 1/2" left margin. Simple illustration or photo.

lines only: panels should be designed as in lines only: panels See the Wayfinding dividual subjects dictate. for more information. section of this guide placement in Arboretum, suggested For Locations for see Appendix: Proposed Site Elements. These layout specifications are general guide These layout specifications 5" ool

Mediterranean esse aliquip eros. Iriure vero anteh. C nulla abico refoveo utinam inhibeo, causa 7" that concrete footing is never exposed. that concrete footing be screwed and glued to Phenolic panel may epoxied screw holes and face of terrazzo with safety screws. NOTES base is to be planted in ground so Terrazzo . phenolic resin sign Scala sans caps. rtically-placed debossed or engraved title. 2" Paint letters for legibility if necessary 6" square spiraled terrazzo base of colored concrete, recycled glass and marble aggregate. 5" x 7" at 30 degree angle joints are not concave (to prevent water collection). Ve style guide

ool C Mediterranean nulla abico refoveo utinam inhibeo, causa esse aliquip eros. Iriure vero anteh.

Place Identification Subtitle Identification Place 3' 1" 3' ID • phenolic sign panel • phenolic sign panel Materials, page 4) (see Recommended • steel-reinforced concrete footing • steel-reinforced concrete • terrazzo MATERIALS Washington Park Arboretum 5 interpretive and wayfinding plan 1 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � replace existing panels. Standard information replace existing panels. plant ID signs and tags. is to be included on in-house at Washington May be fabricated section of Wayfinding Park Arboretum. See information. this guide for more NOTES in over time to Black color to be phased � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

COLOR letters. off-white with black is plastic Engraved

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � style guide � � � � � � � � � Plant Identification Plant ID (see Recommended Materials, page 4) (see Recommended • powder-coated steel support • powder-coated steel face • engraved plastic MATERIALS Washington Park Arboretum 6 interpretive and wayfinding plan 1 sign with 28" x 14"face Wrisco panels with eased corners, ready for panels Wrisco use as needed. Arboretum can store standard-sized, painted Arboretum can store temporary sign on plant ID post aluminum painted to match PMS 476 and bolted to post cedar or recycled plastic wood post BACK face for sign templates in Microsoft Word. See in Microsoft Word. for sign templates section for more information. Wayfinding NOTES provided with this guide Use electronic files 11" x 16" FRONT sign with style guide laminated paper bolted to aluminum (use washer at back) Temporary temporary sign on sandwich board • wood (cedar) Materials, page 4) (see Recommended • aluminum (Wrisco) • laminated paper MATERIALS Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 17

design (color, materials, placement, etc.) design (color, may play an important role. the Though the intent of this plan is to limit number and type of signs in the landscape, organized set of sign elements can a clear, Wayfi nding in the Arboretum is affected by nding Wayfi arrangements and the logic of the structural of paths, borrowed views, designs, locations adjacencies. The logic and collection area elements, or spaces are of how structures, user’s ability to under- arranged affects the where he/she is in the stand and remember entrances, of recognition Visual environment. of edges, the ability to visually nitions defi separate one functional zone from another, to all play an important role in being able navigate the site. The naming, describing/interpreting, of the and general organization of the parts way- Arboretum are critical aspects of its Names of places within the nding plan. fi (in Arboretum, must be coordinated on-site situ), as well as on paper maps, brochures, website, or other orientation tools. Clear, logical hierarchies may exist to help users remember and use the nomenclature. and other aspects of Symbols, identity, many potential gates. The facility and its site gates. The facility many potential nding challenge. wayfi present a substantial LCS Washington Park Arboretum is a complex Washington site, incorporating over 230 acres, bisected anked by major roadways, intersected and fl build- with multiple paths, dotted with few ings and structures, and entered through Wayfi nding at Washington at nding Wayfi Park Arboretum wayfinding

evolve an appropriate solution. with nomenclature, a result of staff direction- giving, or due to the design of the facility and itself. And then it can resolve the issues the subject environment, which may be the subject environment, which may do operational, organizational, having to design approach can yield a high quality design approach can yield a high quality it communications solution, because can identify sources of confusion in good wayfi nding plan assesses all of the good wayfi user’s environmental issues that affect the nding A wayfi nd their way. ability to fi Traditional “signage design” is only one Traditional do its job well, a To nding. part of wayfi help users fi nd their way. This information is This information nd their way. help users fi environmental and often usually spatial and plan. is the result of a deliberate information to fi nd one’s way in the built nd one’s information to fi nding design Wayfi and natural environment. information to is the process of organizing What is Wayfi nding? What is Wayfi is the process of using nding Wayfi Wayfi nding Introduction nding Wayfi Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 18 be able to use the facility with a minimum of be able to use the facility with a minimum live assistance. plan. Special needs populations, cultural and plan. Special needs populations, cultural Lan- ethnic minorities, English as a Second all must guage (ESL) groups, and the elderly site’s important buildings, structures, areas, collections, elements, and event venues. event and elements, collections, areas, structures, buildings, important site’s destination active and attractive, accessible, an as image Arboretum’s the enhance To helpful graphics. through distinctive, people and vehicles down the most c patterns by directing simplify traffi To desirable routes. make their experiences more memorable. remove visitors’ anxieties and To not currently use the site, and expand the visitorship to include people who may To to encourage repeat visits. the Arboretum and to explain communicate the fact of, and need for change in To the methods used to care for it, and the any new work that occurs at the Arboretum, pride that the region has in the facility. nding design solutions. and culture in wayfi history, ect the site’s geography, refl To are parallel to virtual insure the real qualities and features of the Arboretum To components shown on the web. WAYFINDING OBJECTIVES Arboretum. in and around the nding experience wayfi the arrival and enhance To access the both visitors and employees to easily provide information to assist To should be accommodated by any overall should be accommodated by any overall The number of visitors, strategy. nding wayfi sight and mobility limitations, emotional and the fact that the facility state of the user, may be entirely new to some visitors all must be taken into account when developing a People using the Washington Park Arbore- People using the Washington unique tum environment will bring with them which abilities, limitations, and memories, wayfinding become part of the signage, allowing information to be instantaneously updated and/or interactive). impractical and distracting if portrayed on a impractical and distracting if portrayed sign in the Arboretum landscape. (However, cient, it may when practical, durable, and effi held electronic communication devices will held electronic communication devices be offer a depth of information that would particular needs in a timely way. Though particular needs in a timely way. electronic media is unlikely to completely hand- supplant the physical sign, the use of Information conveyed through a electronic Information conveyed through a electronic of device can meet the user at their level their understanding and interest to meet physical landscape with information from a physical landscape with information PDA is a very compelling idea. increase in use, importance, and impact increase in use, importance, and impact the prospect of into the future. Already, if not most signs in the supplementing many, The use of hand-held, electronic and digital The use of hand-held, electronic and to media is now popular and projected biking, and boating instructions must agree biking, and boating Type accessed. actually is facility the how with all be legible. size and contrast must (PDAs), are all potential elements in a (PDAs), are all potential maps must agree successful plan. Printed Driving, walking, with posted site maps. art, exhibits, and computerized information art, exhibits, and computerized Personal Digital Assistants from kiosks or via Related graphic devices such as brochures, devices such Related graphic website, as ads, hand-outs, iers, maps, fl of sculpture, strategic placement well as the be an effi cient, commonly expected, and expected, cient, commonly be an effi design. nding solution to wayfi cost-effective Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 19 LCS indicates destination place or plant name. indicates destination place or plant instructs or provides for display of information. identifi es direction, adjacencies, routes, and es identifi indicates rules of etiquette or safety precautions. indicates rules of etiquette or safety identifi es temporary potential hazards, work in es identifi identifi es major and minor entrances to the Arboretum. es identifi INTERPRETIVE REGULATION TEMPORARY progress, plant sales/special events, unique conditions. May overlap with regulatory messages. Information Categories ENTRY ORIENTATION proximities to areas, places, and things. IDENTIFICATION wayfinding cannot provide defi nitive cannot provide defi is to develop a beautiful, sustainable, is to develop a beautiful, sustainable, Plan Interpretive and Wayfi nding Plan nding Interpretive and Wayfi answers to future questions, but solid recommendations can be answers to future questions, but solid available. This document made from the information currently outlines those recommendations, conveying early thinking on way- points. nding strategies and possible interpretation fi pleasant interactions by staff and visitors alike. pleasant interactions by staff and visitors of reaching a destination, in both familiar nding is the process Wayfi bits of organized information. and unfamiliar environments, using Arboretum site and usage. has been taken in studying the Care The VISION FOR SIGNAGEAND WAYFINDING The intent of this place that will facilitate meaningful, memorable, and cient effi Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 20 (customized map printouts) • PDAs Phone Tours • Cell • Websites Please see Appendix: Interpretation and Technology for more details. nding Wayfi • Ambient Audio • Guided Audio • Kiosks

(specifi c to wayfi nding) to wayfi c (specifi Width, color, material texture, Width, color, slope/grading, borrowed hierarchy, views, etc. Entry, Orientation, Identifi cation Orientation, Identifi Entry,

• Guided Tours Design • Trail • FM Radio Broadcasting Wayfi nding Strategies Wayfi • Sign Types • Maps / Brochures / Graphics LCS wayfinding , inevitable

the regular reevaluations of the Arboretum’s nding Plan Interpretive and Wayfi changes in technology must be considered. programmed directional cues. A website can programmed directional cues. A website In help a visitor plan a trip to the Arboretum. allow instant messaging between visitors allow instant messaging between visitors visitor. or between Arboretum staff and the easily- can offer bilingual, Cellphones PDAs can supply detailed maps with PDAs can supply detailed maps with link changeable information, which may and to additional interpretive information, Visitor Center and possibly at other locations, and possibly Visitor Center can print various maps and/or information as needed and upon the visitor’s request. the Arboretum. Other audio strategies the Arboretum. Other audio strategies hand include speakers, or individualized, Graham held systems. A kiosk located in the audiences, such as commuters who audiences, such as commuters who are in otherwise may not even realize they conscious level. Other wayfi nding strategies wayfi conscious level. Other For require various levels of technology. instance, radio broadcasting can inform human interaction. Trail design is another design is Trail human interaction. nding wayfi outdoor any for strategy important visitors at a sub- plan, often directing is one familiar means of wayfi nding, as are of wayfi is one familiar means graphics. Tours maps and other printed staff or docents offer guided by trained through the Arboretum, many of which also through the Arboretum, Signage offer interpretive opportunities. There are various strategies for aiding visitors aiding for strategies various are There Wayfi nding Strategies nding Wayfi Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 21 South Entry Sign Design Strategies solid, elegant, Descriptors: weighted, strong (but not warm, welcoming, has integrity, off-putting), credible, founda- grounded, harkens to history, tional, permanent, durable, authentic, substantial. • Similar design for both. • 50 year sign. Content Park Arboretum • Washington See Style Guide, page 6 for further cations. specifi North Entry Sign ton Boulevard from moving vehicle. ton Boulevard from Arboretum. that announce the entry to the Arboretum Boulevard. portions of Lake Washington Guiding Principles from Lake Washing- • Clearly visible / legible this special place. • Identify/ announce unique character of the • Immersed in the existing stone posts with the • Compatible wayfinding

Arboretum Identifi cation Identifi Arboretum

Foster Island Drive. Foster Elements. Arboretum Drive. • See Appendix: Proposed Locations of Site • See Appendix: Proposed Locations • South, near intersection of LWB and • South, near intersection of LWB and • North, near the intersection of LWB Arboretum. Location compatible with the existing entrance mark- compatible with the ers. Their primary material will be stone, the embodying the enduring character of welcome the visitor to the Arboretum, and welcome the visitor arrival to a distinctive provide a sense of durable, authentic, and place. Each will look These will be substantial markers that will These will be substantial ENTRY Site Elements and Wayfi nding Techniques nding Wayfi and Elements Site Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 22 Boulevard inconspicuous, discreet, modest, etc.

Content Park Arboretum or Interlaken • Washington Design Strategies • Descriptors: Unique, unobtrusive, Existing Materials eld stone masonry). • Stone (solid or fi LCS moving vehicle, but icon is recognizable. signify entry. Interlaken Ave. Interlaken Ave. Elements.

Guiding Principles a • Iconic, words may not be legible from • Mark the edge of the Arboretum, Location near cottage, and • Existing: Madison Ave., of Site • See Appendix: Proposed Locations LCS wayfinding

Existing Entrance Markers Markers Entrance Existing They are historic, recognizable, and still valid. still valid. They are historic, recognizable, and as is. recommend leaving them We LCS structures, some have inset or overhanging structures, some have com- roofs, and some have labels. They all municate the character of the Arboretum. monolithic or naturalistic. They are of fi eld- They are of fi monolithic or naturalistic. or more regular masonry. stone construction, or solo. Some have side They come in pairs design, but are all of the same family. Some of the same family. design, but are all as a bronze plaque, chis- have details such concrete. Some are eled stone, or engraved tinctive place within the Olmsted-designed tinctive place within vary in Blvd system. They Lake Washington These are existing markers that iconically existing markers These are boundaries of and general identify entrances that this is a dis- as indication the Arboretum Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 23 May include bench, trash/recycling, faucet, dog bowl. and possibly MOHAI/Foster Island (adja- and possibly MOHAI/Foster Is.). trailhead at Foster cent to building or parking, where visitor Located adjacent to approaches building. Elements.

• Graham Visitor Center, Japanese Garden, • Graham Visitor Center, Locations of Site • See Appendix: Proposed Location

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� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Japanese Garden Kiosk The kiosk will also list the Arboretum rules/ The kiosk will also historical, cultural, or etiquette, and perhaps that can be changed seasonal information recommend that there be We periodically. at the Graham Visi- only three: one (existing) and one to be built at the Japa- tor Center, Structure, and the north- nese Garden Entry Island, respectively. west entrance to Foster tions, education shelters, trail networks, etc. tions, education shelters, wayfinding Roof structure may be wood, metal, or “green roof” � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� Foster Island Kiosk Foster

entrances, landmarks, parking lots, collec- entrances, landmarks, place. Kiosks will provide a detailed map of place. Kiosks will provide boundaries, indicat- the Arboretum, showing pointing out major/minor ing “you are here”, existing and planned major buildings. More existing and planned will represent a meeting than a sign, these Following the lead of the existing Graham the lead of the existing Graham Following kiosk, these sign structures Visitor Center with and proximity to will be built in harmony Orientation Kiosks Orientation ORIENTATION Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 24 ally). required, locate in If horizontal layout orientation. relation to compass kiosk. roof or water collection uenced Asian-infl tiled roof, panels with design, changing special events panel. land (more remote /harder to maintain). mission of the an Arboretum, history, Arboretum, rules/etiquette. schedule of events, announcements, etc. of events, announcements, schedule • On vertically oriented panels, “North” is up. • On vertically oriented Island kiosk may have green • GVC / Foster kiosk may have ceramic • Japanese Garden Is- • Less detail, less display area for Foster Content what is are here”, • Messages: “You See Style Guide, page 7 for further cations. specifi • Including an overall plan of the Arboretum, of the Arboretum, an overall plan • Including panel. permanent detailed, map: Orientation • more changeable (season- • Other panels are trash/recycling built-in � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � be uniform as established in the style guide be uniform as established (within this plan). replaceable panels, Arboretum), phenolic safety screws. the building structures. the building � � � • Place for title across top (Washington Park top (Washington • Place for title across Design Strategies will relate to used for kiosk • The materials style of the panels will • The materials and � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � wayfinding � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� Variation on City of Seattle Park standard Variation tion, fi tting with contextual subject matter. tting with contextual tion, fi water fountain, etc.) water fountain, etc.) rounding structures, and site improvements rounding structures, fence, bench, dog dish, (paving, trash can, major visitor facility. major visitor • Content and number of panels vary by loca- and number of panels vary by • Content • Related to design concept of building, sur- • Related to design Guiding Principles and design of a into the siting • Incorporated Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 25 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � orientation. needs. account for future etc., park etiquette no bikes allowed, incorporated. no opportunity for algae or water collection). water or algae for opportunity no • Possibility of ordering / producing extras to • Possibility of ordering Content here”, diagrammatic map, are • “You See Style Guide, pages 8–9 cations. for further specifi Design Strategies are not concave— sheets (joints • Table-top map with consistent • Slightly diagrammatic SIDE VIEW ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS ALTERNATIVE SIDE VIEW Elements. wheelchair. trail ing visitor on path system, including widths, surface textures, colors, etc. at pedestrian entrances to the Arboretum at pedestrian entrances (periphery). • Possibly with Interpretation at Shelters. at Interpretation with Possibly • • Major places of decision-making. Locations of Site • See Appendix: Proposed Design Principles Arboretum. the throughout • Standardized over it, legible from • Must be able to see able but not obtrusive. • Easily identifi methods of orient- alternative • Consider Locations areas and out of smaller parking • Pathways wayfinding � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � located at pathways leading from smaller located at pathways leading from smaller parking areas and at peripheral pedestrian entrances to the Arboretum. relies on modern technology, using colored relies on modern technology, concrete with recycled glass and marble will be aggregate. These orientation points to the stone of the Entrance Markers and to the stone of the Entrance Markers but other existing Arboretum structures, height, they will not restrict views. They will height, they will not nd informa- place to fi be an intimately scaled terrazzo base harkens tion. The substantial list Arboretum rules/ etiquette. Pedestrian list Arboretum rules/ will be standardized Orientation markers At tabletop throughout the Arboretum. Kiosks) of the boundaries of the Arboretum, Kiosks) of the boundaries landmarks, educa- major/minor entrances, etc. Panels also tion shelters, collections, These are markers that provide diagrammatic diagrammatic markers that provide These are detailed than Orientation cation (less identifi Pedestrian Orientation Pedestrian Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 26 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � and perhaps anchoring and perhaps anchoring locations (GVC and Japanese Garden). • Branding opportunities. Content mileage, • Immediate adjacencies, See Style Guide, page 10 cations. for further specifi Design Strategies to the side of the path. • Just off decision points. • Intersections or are set. • Install once paths sistent location and position. sistent location and Elements. surveillance, subject from structures, little to abuse. decision points. • See Appendix: Proposed Locations of Site • See Appendix: Proposed Design Principles since located out away permanent • Very nd. fi • Simple and unobtrusive, but easy to • Standardized throughout the Arboretum. Locations intersections or always at • Along pathways, attention to precise/ con- • Especially careful wayfinding � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

�

� � These markers will spiral upward to mimic These markers will spiral upward to the growth form of a tree. � using consistent logic to determine their using consistent logic recommend We placement and orientation. of concrete/ terrazzo. bollard-height, made marks and other mileage information. They marks and other mileage unobtrusive, yet easy to will be simple and along trailsides, nd. Markers will be located fi other decision-making places throughout the other decision-making name immediate adja- Arboretum. They will distances to major land- cencies and show These are markers that will help you fi nd your help you fi markers that will These are or to be at trail intersections They are way. Pathway Directional Pathway Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 27

and Recreation and Seattle Parks Parks Seattle it is integrated. it is integrated. shelter with which • Depends on interpretive shelter with which • Depends on interpretive stone, phenolic, terrazzo. metal, • Wood, Content matter at interpretive • Depends on subject with interpretive themes. • Consistent See Style Guide, page 12 for further cations. specifi Potential Materials Interpretive and If interpretation includes a interpretation. Fits the context of peaceful interpretation. Fits harmony. and where things are collection in this area exhibit. located within the in this Themes developed nding Plan. Wayfi style panel, it will follow layout provided in guide. Shape/form in which the interpretive information is displayed is unique.

• Not “dripping” or “saturated” with literal • Not “dripping” or cant about the signifi • Describes what is with to context. Consistent • Design adapted Design Principles LCS wayfinding

Interpretation at Shelters at Interpretation

Elements. other structure, whenever possible. marker. ments (existing or planned), like a shelter or ments (existing or planned), like a shelter (Tree-Top Canopy, Foster Island, Madrona Foster Canopy, (Tree-Top Overlook, possibly Alpine Slope). Terrace, • See Appendix: Proposed Locations of Site • See Appendix: Proposed Locations • May be located with Pedestrian Orientation • May be located with Pedestrian Orientation • Located in conjunction with other built ele- • Located in conjunction with other • Only 4-5 of these, at Interpretive Shelters • Only 4-5 of these, at Interpretive Shelters highlights within the nearby collection. highlights within the nearby collection. Locations the shelters themselves. If there are panels, the shelters themselves. If there are they will be incorporated into the structure cant points of interest and to describe signifi into the design of built elements that help re- into the design of Inter- inforce a story and discovery in nature. part of pretation at shelters will occur only as In fact, the choice of a design style is a story In fact, the choice Further, is pedagogy. unto itself: building or symbols incorporated there can be words locations, proximities, fl exibility, interactivity exibility, fl locations, proximities, all help to tell a story. (hands-on), etc., can Signage is not the only means of interpreta- Signage is not the or objects. Materials, tion at built places or not), colors, shapes (representational Interpretation at Shelters at Interpretation INTERPRETIVE Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 28

LCS LCS node with which it is integrated. node with which it • Depends on subject matter at interpretive • Depends on subject 12 for further See Style Guide, page cations. specifi Potential Materials Potential metal, phenolic. • Stone, terrazzo, Content Interpretive and if panel, consistent with if panel, consistent Consistency: Interpretation consistent with Interpretation consistent with Consistency: in this Themes developed Plan, nding Wayfi style guide. Elements layout provided in the in which Form of Uniqueness: Shape/ is displayed. interpretive information porate artwork.

• Design adapted to context. Elements of • Design adapted • Not stand-alone panels. Design Principles may incor- literal, fewer words, • Poetic, not sign. orientation with combined be • May LCS wayfinding Elements. words. pretive elements can occur. built elements, like benches or walls, when- built elements, like benches or walls, ever possible, could be artwork without appropriate to pause and rest, catch your appropriate to pause and rest, catch path or ection, off the side of the breath, refl at path intersection. • See Appendix: Proposed Locations of Site • See Appendix: Proposed Locations • Within an exhibit or collection where inter- • Within an exhibit or collection where • Ideally located in conjunction with other • Ideally located in conjunction with Locations it is • Best locations are at places where Potential materials include stone, terrazzo, Potential materials include stone, terrazzo, metal, and/or phenolic. more poetic, and less literal. There may be more poetic, and less but in these loca- directional information, be stand- alone panels. tions there will not to stop and rest. Nodes are often identifi ed are often identifi to stop and rest. Nodes such as benches, walls, with built elements Interpretation here may be or other artwork. themes), specifi c to a portion of each collec- c to a portion themes), specifi at a side of a path or tion. Nodes are places where it is appropriate at a path intersection These will be elements that offer interpreta- be elements that These will educational with Arboretum tion (consistent Interpretation at Nodes Interpretation Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 29 SIDE VIEW ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS ALTERNATIVE BACK VIEW slightly larger dimensions. discoverable. the Arboretum. for each. object of interpretation. Design Principles sign, but perhaps • Similar to Plant ID unobtrusive. • Very be discovered, but slanted, to • Small, low, throughout • Perhaps standardized cation need especially careful justifi few, • Very Content subject. highlighted unique on Depends • See Style Guide, pages 11–12 for further cations. specifi Locations to an c point in relation at a specifi • Located � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Freestanding Interpretation Freestanding � � to Interpretive Shelters or Nodes. We or Nodes. We to Interpretive Shelters be very few of these, and suggest that there in relation to c points located only at specifi warrants highlighting. a unique subject that table-top height and These markers are placed but discover- slanted, unobtrusively include stone, metal, able. Materials will same and phenolic. These are to have the terrazzo post as the Pathway Directional signs. If a larger freestanding interpretive Pedes- sign is needed, the base structure for trian Orientation may be used. Freestanding Interpretive Freestanding that offer be stand-alone signs These will Arboretum (consistent with interpretation cant c to signifi specifi educational themes) but not in proximity plants or processes, � wayfinding � � � � � � � Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 30 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � common name of the collection, and one common name of name. If the area line for the latin family for per se (Azalea Way, is not a collection one line of text. instance), use only • Text includes two lines at most: one line for includes two lines at most: • Text cation Subtitle Place Identifi needed is subtitle collection If Eco- Terrace Madrona in (as use geographic Collections), pathway directional marker as model template, or embed subtitle c collections. at entry to specifi See Style Guide, pages 13–14 for cations. further specifi Content Place Identifi cation Subtitle Place Identifi tion or garden. on printed map. relation in situ and signs. for street directional Elements. must be visible from moving vehicle. vehicle. unique art may be incorpo- Alternatively, cation title. rated into each identifi rate panel). • Length of sign depends on length of text. • Length of sign depends on length with highly contrasting text/title. • One color, • Horizontal Orientation, one-sided. • Usually at edge of each specifi c plant collec- each specifi • Usually at edge of to consistency of cor- • Particular attention in alternate (wider) form • May also be used Locations of Site • See Appendix: Proposed Design Principles title • When collection is adjacent to a road, on printed map. in situ and • Coordinated ti resistant. • Durable, algae, graffi • Legible to pedestrian and from moving Design Strategies title). • May be identical in every way (except (no sepa- integrated into structure • Words Locations wayfinding

ID Place Identifi cation Title Place Identifi material. They will be made of dark-brown, material. They will be made of dark-brown, powder-coated steel with off-white letters, ti. graffi especially durable from weather and Place Identifi cation Titles will be legible from cation Titles Place Identifi These a moving vehicle whenever possible. and signs are standard in dimension, color, it. These signs are usually located at the it. These signs are and will correspond to the edge of each area paper visitor map. The titles printed on the retum. In this case, the intent is to improve retum. In this case, but not entirely change on an existing design, These are signs that identify the groupings of These are signs that species, or a destination plants according to collection within the Arbo- garden/renowned Place Identifi cation Title Identifi Place IDENTIFICATION Washington Park Arboretum interpretive and wayfinding plan 31 or Common Name (where appropriate); Name (where appropriate); or Common Taxon Range. er and Accession # / Qualifi individual plant/habit, but all are low and individual plant/habit, font, etc. color, relatively small), standard Content Subspecies and/ Cultivar, • Botanical Name; 15 for further See Style Guide, page cations. specifi Design Strategies (scaled to shape and sizes • Standard support: heavy-guage powder-coated steel trunk of collections plants. trunk of collections tent below). plants that are identifi ed in the Arboretum ed in plants that are identifi Registry. • Small size: hanging on a limb, branch, or • Small size: hanging Design Principles displayed (see con- • Standard information Locations to collections in ground next • Large size: wayfinding

ID used, be a heavy-gauge, dark brown, powder- used, be a heavy-gauge, dark brown, coated steel. in simple black plastic laminate panels with in simple black plastic also sug- letters. We standardized off-white and support plates, when gest that the posts existing Plant ID signs in two standard sizes existing Plant ID signs in-house at the Arbo- and can be fabricated phasing we recommend retum. However, Arboretum. They are located next to plants Arboretum. They are Plant ed in the Arboretum that are identifi be similar to the The panels will Registry. These are signs that identify by name, origin, by name, origin, signs that identify These are in the collections plants etc., individual Plant Identifi cation Identifi Plant Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 32 annually used (for a day or a week, etc.). annually used (for types. tory than other sign be landscape, but message of sign should visible. Boulevard, ample, along Lake Washington Arboretum Drive, or on Wilcox Bridge. for of construction, restoration, timeline completion, alternate route information, etc. contact for project manager, specifi cations. specifi Design Principles and pedestrians. • Visible to vehicles use, some seasonally, • Some are one-time declarative, explana- • More visible, louder, t into the posts should fi • Back of signs and Design Strategies light posts, for ex- Banners on • Consider Content of change, phasing message • Communicate cation. notifi event annual/special and Regular • See Style Guide, page 16 for further Locations possible. • Head of trail where Interpretive and Wayfi nding Interpretive and Wayfi includes a general template that includes a general context from all angles, back and front. context from all angles, be various types of tem- Though there will porary signs, the Style Guide Arboretum staff member can be used by any of sign. The sign face will to create this type The paper will paper. be made of laminated aluminum plate, be screwed to a painted plastic which is bolted to a cedar or recycled post, or to a plant ID support, as necessary. by A few standard-sized plates will be stored the Arboretum for ready use. explanatory than other Arboretum signs. than other Arboretum explanatory these will consider Like other sign designs, wayfinding

“construction in progress” notifi cation. They notifi “construction in progress” declarative, and are more visible, louder, convey maintenance information, warnings, convey maintenance periodic events, or temporary regulations, change. They are signs that are left posted change. They are but more likely days, year, no longer than one of months. They may weeks or a couple TEMPORARY a message of communicate These signs Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 33 Over the years, adult programming at the Over the years, adult weekend tours, Arboretum has included courses lectures, tours, group guided classes, Program Guides Volunteer The symposia. and of by the Unit Council was created in 1961 offering guided the Arboretum Foundation 1994, the University tours for adults. Since has managed the Arboretum of Washington of education programs including training of volunteer tour guides. The University has utilized the Arboretum since Washington its founding for college courses, student profes- projects, and research. Continuing taught sional education is provided on-site by University faculty and other experts. A new cadre of Japanese Garden Guides the is trained each spring to supplement to existing group of guides that offers tours Special school groups and weekend visitors. also events related to Japanese culture are organized throughout the year. Adult

interpretation WPA web WPA

Washington Park Arboretum has a has Arboretum Park Washington interpretive providing of history long programming educational and services including Arboretum, the to visitors for Garden. Japanese the Education and Interpretation at the Arboretum the at Interpretation and Education Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 34 signs installed New Zealand Display interpretive signs installed of Saplings Coordination Program transfers to University staff of Washington signs interpretive Holly Collection installed Rhododendron Collection interpretive signs installed Guided Adult Tours begin at the begin at the Guided Adult Tours Arboretum begins with Saplings Program volunteers Arboretum Foundation signs Winter Garden interpretive installed interpretive Native Plant Trail signs installed interpretive Sorbus Collection

2001 1961 1987 1988 1989 1989 1993 1994 1998 interpretation are in place in the Arboretum (see Appendix: are in place in the for their location) for Existing Conditions for three different self- orientation. Maps at Graham Visitors guided tours are available on different subjects. Center (Winter Garden, Six areas of the Arboretum Sorbus Collection, New Zealand Display, Display and Rhododendron Holly Collection, currently have interpretive Native Plant Trail) c signs that share information about specifi have plants in the adjacent area. These signs from been installed over the years ranging 1988 –2001. a more detailed analysis of education and For see interpretation at the Arboretum, please at the document “Educational Programming Park Arboretum” (Appendix D to Washington the 2001 Arboretum Master Plan) http://www.cityofseattle.net/parks/arboretum/ Docs/apx-d.pdf Self-Guided Learners Learners Self-Guided brochures provide Arboretum Park Washington Arboretum for self-guided tours. and maps Visitors available at the Graham maps are and four stand-alone grounds maps Center , and , thematic backpacks , thematic Arboretum Adventures Saplings School Programs Saplings School ) involving families and youth have

Scouts Totem Council, Boys and Girls Clubs, Boys and Girls Council, Scouts Totem Muse- City of Seattle Parks and Recreation, and others. um of History and Industry, their week-long experience. Youth Education their week-long experience. Youth Programs have been offered in collaboration as Girl with other community partners such Arboretum gives younger students an oppor- Arboretum gives younger students an over tunity to explore the Arboretum in depth Storyvine attracted audiences in the past. University summer day camp at the of Washington A variety of programs for youth (non-school A variety of programs years. programs) have been offered over the programs ( Weekend Youth and Family Youth Programs have also been held on an occasional basis. on an occasional basis. have also been held with hands-on activities and equipment with hands-on activities family groups to assist in rented to school or workshops Teacher exploring the Arboretum. Programming for schools has included the for schools has Programming successful Explorer Packs Arboretum School Groups School LCS Washington Park Arboretum interpretive and wayfinding plan 35

ash- LCS interpretation A set of Signifi cance Statements was crafted to document attributes of the Arboretum cance Statements was crafted to document attributes of the Arboretum A set of Signifi special, unique and rare – in the neighbor- – those elements that make the Arboretum these Statements, sets of world. From and the the region, the country, hood, the city, Community Conservation, of Ecology, themes were developed under the categories ned, a set of subthemes were Once edited and refi and Recreation, Culture, and History. developed for each of the themes. THE PROCESS a baseline of information about the W A variety of resources were used to develop a For current activities, and past planning efforts. ington Park Arboretum, its history, and methods used in developing this plan, please detailed list of research documents see Appendix: Research Sources. DEVELOPING INTERPRETIVE STRATEGIES

into buildings and elements without labels or into buildings and elements without explanation. world. Interpretation encourages curiosity world. Interpretation encourages curiosity than and provokes thought. It can be more words and images. It can be incorporated goals, encourage a sense of stewardship goals, encourage a sense of stewardship a within regular visitors, and help make difference in how we conserve the natural educate visitors. visitors. educate the Interpretation can help accomplish knowledgeable a build Arboretum’s mission, for supporting the Arboretum’s constituency a powerful tool to tool powerful a Arboretum can be can Arboretum Washington Park Park Washington Interpretation at Interpretation Interpretive Strategies Interpretive Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 36 LCS

interpretation

self-explanatory (independent of program or guide). self-explanatory (independent of program tool to understand how themes and The Interpretive Matrix is an organizing applied to plan future interpretive projects. subthemes are organized and can be in the Interpretive Matrix are defi ned as: Matrix are defi in the Interpretive TOURS a trained volunteer or staff. led through the Arboretum by School or public groups SIGNAGE may be free standing or of sharing information or messages; Placed for purposes elements might be included in a building or structure; interpretive incorporated into map with an interpretive sidebar). nding wayfi other signage (i.e. MEDIA data personal (i.e. messages or information share to technology use that devices Generally sound wands (PDAs), electronic kiosks linked to global positioning systems, assistants systems, low wattage FM radio systems, etc). or listening devices linked to broadcast PROGRAMMING c date(s) (i.e. special events, classes, lectures, Non-recurring events held on a specifi symposia, workshops). WEB LEARNING the Internet (activities, games, curriculum, Information and images shared over graphics). cation, identifi EXHIBITRY designed to be maybe a demonstration garden, or activity, Three dimensional display, SERVICES AND MEDIA Matrix with recom- in the Interpretive are organized and Subthemes These Themes categories included Services and Products. The c Interpretive mendations for specifi Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 37 LCS interpretation the heart of the Arboretum) in canoes and kayaks from UW without during the summer visit via the water cally onto the Arboretum grounds) generally stepping specifi communication gap with neighbors) events or literature might bridge the • Lake Washington Boulevard commuters (20,000 vehicles are driven daily through Boulevard commuters (20,000 vehicles • Lake Washington Visitors (8–10,000 visitors Activities Center Waterfront • University of Washington effort that includes programming, special • Neighborhood outreach (an outreach Partnerships and cooperative agreements could be explored and used to increase the Partnerships and cooperative agreements settings. education non-formal and formal in community the in Arboretum the of le profi A Branding Plan can be developed to holistically present a recognizable image be developed to holistically present A Branding Plan can to be used in all graphic designs (brochures, Park Arboretum for the Washington etc.) and other physical elements. maps, signs, website, should be evaluated to and interpretive programs and services Existing education and goals. Park Arboretum mission, vision, the Washington insure alignment with interpretive services or should be considered for initial The following audiences t ratios or need for greater support. media due to their numbers, cost-benefi that connect the diversity of the Arboretum’s Cultural programming and special events could be utilized to attract audiences collections to the diversity of local communities this type of programming is already occurring at that are underrepresented. Some of the Japanese Garden. THE FUTURE future be considered for audiences should projects and The following interpretive efforts: Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 38 Community Recreation and Culture interpretation Conservation education

Ecology History Interpretive Categories Interpretive visitor, the priorities of the Master Plan, the priorities of visitor, Park the Washington and the meaning of Arboretum. categories linked by education facilitate categories linked by the interests of the a connection between As the structure for interpretation, fi ve fi for interpretation, As the structure Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 39

EXHIBITRY

WEB WEB

PROGRAMS

MEDIA

SIGNAGE TOURS

services and media using all of the interpretive services and media listed and reach all audiences. This suggests Matrix, however, the best intersection of these categories. See page 31 for defi nitions of See page 31 for defi services and media. It is possible that almost all cance, Statements of Signifi subthemes, and themes, be interpreted could

SELF-GUIDED

FAMILY

SCHOOL GROUPS SCHOOL ADULT audience interpretation include many existing and potential are the smaller, more specifi c stories specifi more are the smaller, Audiences groups and subgroups (see Appendix: use in this Matrix, groups Audiences). For ed into the following: Adult, have been simplifi and Self- and Family, School Groups, Youth Guided Learners. subthemes Subthemes interpretive themes. that nest within primary more focused They offer opportunities for deeper, explorations of the meanings of the place. embody the power

statements of significance statements of THEMES Stories are at the heart of human interaction, and at the heart of interpretation. The and at the heart of interpretation. are at the heart of human interaction, THEMES Stories the of primary interpretive themes. As stories of a place are the base largest, most overarching education facilitate a connection between ve categories linked by fi structure for interpretation, and the meaning of The Arboretum. the priorities of the Master Plan, visitor, the interests of the the place. elements that are so attractive, interesting, elements that are so attractive, interesting, and engaging that people choose to experience them time and time again. They describe the cultural, natural, sci- distinctiveness of WPA’s c, recreational and inspirational resources. entifi cances may evolve over time as a result of Signifi about discoveries or other updates to knowledge Statements of Signifi cance Statements of Signifi a factual representation of the place through of what makes a place special. They are the Interpretive Matrix Defi ned Defi Matrix Interpretive Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 40 EXHIBITRY

x x x WEB WEB

x x x PROGRAMS

x x x x x MEDIA

x SIGNAGE

x x TOURS

x x x x services and media x SELF-GUIDED

• • • FAMILY

• • • • SCHOOL GRPS SCHOOL

• • • • • ADULT

• • • • • audience LCS interpretation subthemes The study of plants and their ecological role is a The study of plants and related systems. foundation for understanding growing in the Plants and plant communities temperate areas of the world share many common yet traits and have evolved to survive in similar, distinct, ecosystems. the Plants must be grown and managed under proper soil, water and light conditions; casually referred to as “right plant, right place.” The movement and passage of time through geological, hydrological, biophysical, biological and cultural cycles is demonstrated in Washington Park Arboretum. of sus- Park Arboretum is a showcase Washington tainable practices including design, construction, maintenance and horticultural practices.

Displaying a broad array of temperate woody plants, Washington Park Arboretum is Park array of temperate woody plants, Washington Displaying a broad from around the world. for comparing and contrasting plants a unique public space statements of significance statements of there. to educate people about the values of plants, of to educate people about the values of plants, their natural environments, and of their importance in urban landscapes. The climate, topography and exposure of WPA provides uniquely diverse growing conditions that allow for a wider variety of plants to grow The cool maritime Pacifi c Northwest climate The cool maritime Pacifi to grow a Park Arboretum allows Washington in wider variety of plants than almost anywhere temperate North America. As human pressures affect the ecological health of the Earth, living museums such as the Arboretum have a duty and wetlands ecology. In addition, adult and and wetlands ecology. professional continuing education is provided through docent-led tours and University of for Urban Horticulture Center Washington’s (UW-CUH) outreach programs designed and conducted by staff. Utilized by over 4,000 K-12 students annually, K-12 students annually, Utilized by over 4,000 Arboretum (WPA) is the largest Park Washington in the Puget Sound outdoor plant classroom science, ethnobotany region focused on plant

CATEGORIES OF INTERPRETATION Ecology Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 41 EXHIBITRY

x x x x WEB WEB

x x x PROGRAMS

x x x x MEDIA

x x x SIGNAGE

x x x x x x TOURS

x x services and media SELF-GUIDED

• • • • • • FAMILY

• • • • • SCHOOL GRPS SCHOOL

• • • • • • ADULT

• • • • • • • audience LCS interpretation subthemes metropolitan areas. can be Human impacts made on natural systems in visi- mitigated by instilling values of stewardship tors. Biodiversity, the variety of life on Earth, provides the variety Biodiversity, survival. Plants are a critical sustenance for human diversity. part in conserving this to the Park Arboretum contributes Washington its conservation of imperiled plant species through participation in international plant exchanges. brought Expeditions to explore remote areas have of the rare and unusual species to the attention developed world. Plants well adapted to particular micro-climates c Northwest are used to demonstrate in the Pacifi for many regional habitats and provide the backdrop of the Arboretum exhibits. critical. is species invasive of management Continued The Arboretum protects and manages extensive in urban wildlife habitat, a diminishing resource

statements of significance statements of Washington Park Arboretum is a unique living museum that displays and interprets the living museum that displays and Park Arboretum is a unique Washington about the need to conserve plants temperate plant world to educate visitors biodiversity of the around the globe. pollutants and moderation of urban heat island pollutants and moderation of urban heat island effects – while most effectively displaying the and landscape utility of the diversity, beauty, ora. world’s temperate fl taxa), Quercus (89 taxa), Rhododendron (737 taxa), Quercus (89 taxa), Rhododendron (737 taxa). taxa), Sorbus (81 taxa), and Viburnum (95 Seattle’s Park is unique among Washington many urban green spaces: it embodies the ecological values of any well-forested urban of park – such as habitat for wildlife, absorption collections, certain genera have more repre- than sentative taxa from throughout the world (50 other genera. These genera include Abies of Acer taxa) Acer (195 taxa including 75 cultivars (238 taxa), Ilex (202 taxa), palmatum), Camellia (79 Magnolia (92 taxa), Pinus (86 taxa), Prunus The WPA grows specimens of 179 species The WPA grows specimens of 179 species considered endangered, threatened, rare or vulnerable. and In the WPA, there are 20 major collections 30 minor collections. Within the taxonomic With over 4,400 species and cultivated varieties With over 4,400 species on its grounds, the (10,000+ individual plants) Park Arboretum (WPA) 230-acre Washington most diverse collec- contains one of the three tions of woody plants in the United States.

CATEGORIES OF INTERPRETATION Conservation Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 42 EXHIBITRY

x WEB WEB

x x PROGRAMS

x x x x

MEDIA SIGNAGE

x x TOURS

x x services and media x SELF-GUIDED

• • • • FAMILY

• • • • SCHOOL GRPS SCHOOL

• • • • ADULT

• • • • audience LCS interpretation subthemes With its size and diverse landscapes, Washington landscapes, Washington With its size and diverse a unique and enduring Park Arboretum provides experiencing the natural sense of place for visitors informal and personal ways. world through many Parks and cultivated spaces, such as Washington and Park Arboretum, provide important experiences places for visitors. come Park Arboretum Visitors to the Washington loca- from local, regional, state and international tions. can be a part- Park Arboretum visitors Washington standard following by park the of management in ner projects park etiquette, volunteering for restoration and/or attending programs or special events.

statements of significance statements of Washington Park Arboretum is an oasis Park Arboretum Washington the pressures of modern providing a retreat from for urban dwellers urban life and an opportunity world. to connect with the natural have in the operation, maintenance and use of have in the operation, maintenance and use Park Arboretum. Washington cant number of visitors to WPA utilize A signifi ective or recreational the area for personal refl or purposes unrelated to any formal educational botanical aspects of the Arboretum. unrestricted public access and forbids “non-park unrestricted public access and forbids “non-park uses of any portion” of the parklands. The lengthy 1995-2001 WPA Master Planning process involved thousands of people with unprecedented public involvement and demonstrated the intense interest many diverse groups vote in 1972. Citizen interest in protecting the open space Park helped value and parkland of Washington City to pass a citizens’ initiative and subsequent free of Seattle ordinance in 1974 that maintains Due to the impact of construction on area neigh- Due to the impact of Park Arboretum borhoods and the Washington a planned express- (WPA), thousands protested in May 1969. Voters way through the Arboretum a city ultimately rejected the expressway through

CATEGORIES OF INTERPRETATION Community and Recreation Community Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 43 EXHIBITRY

x WEB WEB

x x x PROGRAMS

x x x x MEDIA

x x x SIGNAGE

x x x x x TOURS

x x x x x services and media SELF-GUIDED

• • • FAMILY

• SCHOOL GRPS SCHOOL

• • • • ADULT

• • • • • • audience LCS interpretation subthemes the Olmsted Brothers fi rm, Works Progress Admin- rm, the Olmsted Brothers fi had an Corps, istration and the Civilian Conservation develop- uence on the design, construction and infl Park Arboretum. ment of the Washington Evidence of Pacifi c Northwest geological processes, c Northwest Pacifi of Evidence glaciation, is found at Wash- such as Puget Sound ington Park Arboretum. the Puget Sound Salish, were Native people, such as Arboretum as Park known to have used Washington a village site. Arbore- Humans have changed every feature of the tum including drainage, vegetation and topography. building the to due Washington, Lake of lowering The added acreage to the Arboretum. of the Ship Canal, by through or Boulevard, passing Lake Washington Olmsted Seattle’s in link main the is parks, fourteen parkways Legacy – the city-wide system of parks and Alaska- – and was the entrance route to the 1909 on the grounds of the c Exposition Yukon-Pacifi University of Washington. many groups, such as Over the course of its history,

statements of significance statements of With elements dating back over 100 years, Washington Park Arboretum contains signifi cant contains signifi Park Arboretum back over 100 years, Washington With elements dating parks and boulevards. planning and development of Seattle’s examples of the early and Azalea Way are historically and culturally are historically and and Azalea Way cant features. The Wilcox footbridge, origi- signifi nally designed to conceal a sewer line, is a City of Seattle designated historical landmark and listed in the National Register of Historic Places. are refl ected in the WPA today. ected in the WPA today. are refl in the late was a logging skid road Azalea Way and later became a popular nineteenth century, speedway for carriage and horse racing. cottage Boulevard, the stone Lake Washington Alaska Yukon Pacifi c Exposition. Pacifi Alaska Yukon The sequential taxonomic collection of woody Boulevard plants, along with Lake Washington are the three principal features and Azalea Way, that of the 1936 Olmstead Brothers’ general plan was located east of the mouth of Arboretum Creek. Creek. Arboretum of mouth the of east located was The WPA is part of the 1904 Olmsted Brothers plan for Seattle parks, boulevards, and play- was the Boulevard grounds. Lake Washington rst of the Olmsted-planned boulevards built in fi Seattle and served as the gateway to the 1909 Within Washington Park Arboretum (WPA), Within Washington – land formations created there are two kames ice sheets during the by the receding continental last period of glaciation. A Puget Sound Salish Native American village

CATEGORIES OF INTERPRETATION Historical Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 44 EXHIBITRY

x x x x WEB WEB

x x x PROGRAMS

x x x x x MEDIA

x x SIGNAGE

x x TOURS

x x x services and media x SELF-GUIDED

• • • • FAMILY

• • • SCHOOL GRPS SCHOOL

• • • • • ADULT

• • • • • • audience LCS ashington Park interpretation subthemes culture of gardening enthusiasts, naturalists and culture of gardening enthusiasts, naturalists horticultural professionals due to the temperate of climate and its ability to support a broad variety plant life. Native peoples, such as the Puget Sound Salish, Native peoples, such Park area of the Washington utilized plants in the their life and culture. Arboretum to sustain cance in Plants hold different meanings and signifi cultures around the world. ways for Different cultures use plants in a variety of and such purposes as horticulture, ethnobotany agriculture. as a Park Arboretum is managed Washington value we cultural facility representing the collective place on conservation, education and recreation. Japanese) The history of Asian (Chinese, Korean and in garden design and development is illustrated Garden. Park Arboretum’s Japanese Washington (temperate climates of the Residents of Cascadia c coast) have developed as a northeastern Pacifi

statements of significance statements of Plant taxa, specimens and source material represented in the collection of W and source material represented Plant taxa, specimens places in the world. cultural connections to many diverse Arboretum makes grown here. The WPA is an international crossroads of plants The WPA is an international crossroads of grown from seeds collected in other countries, plants displayed that are indigenous to other to temperate climates and exhibits designed Plants represent habitats elsewhere in the world. are from 51 different countries around the world – cherry and birch trees, respectively, in the WPA – cherry and birch trees, respectively, Japanese Garden. rst fi The WPA Japanese Garden was one of the out- large-scale Japanese gardens constructed side Japan. a ceremonial teahouse, a gift from the City of a ceremonial teahouse, a gift from the City burned and replaced). (later Tokyo Prince (now In October 1960, Japanese Crown Princess (now Em- Emperor) Akihito and Crown press) Michiko planted the trees of their families Within the Washington Park Arboretum, the Within the Washington in 1960, is a Japanese Garden, completed cant symbol of international friendship signifi include two stone and cooperation. Its features and lanterns donated by the City of Kobe, Japan,

CATEGORIES OF INTERPRETATION Cultural Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 45 interpretation

inspires educational themes and presents inspires educational opportunities. nding challenges and wayfi explore one or two sections of the park in one in park the of sections two or one explore site. Interpretive Zones visit, not the entire sections. Each zone represent these different Washington Park Arboretum users typically Park Arboretum Washington Interpretive Zones Interpretive Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 46 Interpretation and , etc.). Interpretation and Wayfi nd- Wayfi Interpretation and on regular, annual basis on regular, Documents (Mission, Master Plan, Documents (Mission, Plan, Communications Plan nding Wayfi ing Plan (at minimum). benches, fences, lights, donor recogni- with tion, irrigation, etc. (working closely and the the Arboretum Plant Registrar, existing inventory of collections plants). as landscape are repaired and replaced necessary.

Responsibilities of staff Responsibilities Guiding Arboretum the with • Familiarity • Revisiting the • Maintain inventory of signs, shelters, rm that inventoried elements in the • Confi

implementation LCS on a Interpretive Plan (and its infl uence on (and its infl In order to be most effective, the nding Plan and Wayfi the whole system as well as parts within the system) must be periodically reevaluated. The Arboretum Director (or his/her designee) should review the annual basis. regular, shelters, etc. The endowment will also fund shelters, etc. The endowment will also one or more staff members whose duties the and responsibilities are dependent on the coordination and communication of of three representative entities: University and Parks of Department Seattle Washington, Recreation, and the Arboretum Foundation.

FOR INTERPRETIVE AND WAYFINDING SYSTEMS

management systems, and repair or replacement of physical elements including signs, benches, fences, water fountains, funds be placed into an endowment, which funds be placed into an endowment, and will support the long-term operations maintenance of plants, irrigation, inventory For each project in the adopted Arboretum For portion of Master Plan, we recommend that a staff) must be consistent, and realistic for the scale and services that the Arboretum expects to deliver. best interpretation and wayfi nding intentions intentions nding wayfi and interpretation best and will not succeed. Resources (budget sense of public ownership that defi ne the ne defi that ownership public of sense Arboretum. the Without operations and maintenance, to the functions, safety, longevity, and longevity, safety, functions, the to Operations and maintenance are essential essential are maintenance and Operations Operations and Maintenance and Operations Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 47 LCS nding implementation and replacement procedures including contact information for material and replacement procedures including manufacturers. is publicized for interpretive and wayfi Each Request for Proposal (RFP) that c maintenance recommenda- that specifi elements in the Arboretum, must require nal product. tions be included as part of the fi While the designs and materials of the Arboretum will be selected in part for While the designs and materials of the ease of installation and ti-resistant properties, and relative graffi their durability, all require some maintenance and attention. cleaning, no material is perfect, and and nal design Manual be written as part of the fi recommend a Maintenance We nding element (sign, marker, or wayfi fabrication process for any interpretation include a maintenance schedule; techniques etc.). This Maintenance Manual will ti removal, and repair; as well as expected life of each element for cleaning, graffi Maintenance Standards Maintenance equipment, and to do the work. coordinated with the inventory of the signage, coordinated with the inventory of the shelters and other structures, fences, benches, irrigation lines, water fountains, we recommend that etc. Most importantly, adequate resources be allocated to purchase the the equipment, operate and maintain measuring instruments). Global Positioning measuring instruments). Global Positioning System (GPS) is another positioning but the Arboretum’s dense tree technology, cover makes it a less practical option. be The inventory of collection plants must current (2004) digital layers must be current (2004) digital layers must be we integrated into that basemap. Next, data- recommend the purchase of a spatial gathering tool, such as BG-Maps Total laser Station Interface (which uses electronic with spatial information, as well as the staff, with spatial information, to maintain it and equipment, and resources changes over time. add to it as the collection to create an accurate First, it is necessary basemap for the Arboretum. Then, the We recommend that inventories be created inventories be created recommend that We the staff position and maintained by partnership with the described above, in goal ce. The Arboretum’s Curatorial Offi an accurate database should be to have Inventories Washington Park Arboretum

interpretive and wayfinding plan 48

implementation LCS

element that is created. for signage design (and Prototype Signs: request proposals signs for recently completed installation) of several prototype (i.e. at this printing, Duck Bay, projects, or those underway Madrona Terrace). Maintenance Manual: RFPs for future projects include Maintenance Manual: RFPs Manual be one of the requirement that a Maintenance recommendations and the deliverables. It must include any signage or interpretive guidelines for maintaining Thorough Trail Study: study hierarchy of trails, including study hierarchy of trails, Study: Thorough Trail Iain surfacing, use patterns, (reference widths, grades, Study). Robertson’s Trail Branding/Logo Design: adopt consistent logo/branding for Design: adopt consistent Branding/Logo etc. print, web, signage,

4 3 2 1 Next Steps and Additional Studies Additional and Steps Next Washington Park Arboretum for the interpretive and wayfinding plan Objectives

The Interpretive and Wayfi nding Plan is the context in which the Master Plan is imple- CONSERVATION mented. As such, it identifi es the major themes and educational messages as they GOALS relate to the site and plant collections. The The Interpretive and Wayfi nding Plan of the Washington Park Arboretum will: Plan also identifi es methods of interpretive • Enhance the understanding of the conservation of plants and their environment. media appropriate for the weather conditions of the Northwest, and a materials palette • Demonstrate in the plant exhibits, the ecological attributes and values of natural plant along with a wayfi nding sign system suitable communities throughout the temperate world, emphasizing forests of the Pacifi c North- to the character of the site. The Plan will serve west, regions with similar cool winter-rain climates and selected Pacifi c Rim regions as a guide to the implementation of all future utilizing targeted and innovative interpretive methods. interpretive and wayfinding plan projects. OBJECTIVES To achieve the above goals, the Washington Park Arboretum will:

• Interpret the active conservation of trees and shrubs, and their genetic diversity, which are threatened with extinction in temperate regions of the world.

• Utilize innovative interpretive and educational programs and methods to interpret the conservation story.

• Ensure targeted conservation messages are included in existing and future interpretive programs and products. LCS

appendix i Washington Park Arboretum EDUCATION GOALS The Interpretive and Wayfi nding Plan of the Washington Park Arboretum will:

• Fulfi ll the Arboretum’s potential to serve K-12 students, higher education, families, landscape professionals, natural history/ecology enthusiasts, gardeners, special needs populations, and general visitors.

• Support the organization, design and interpretation of the plant exhibits to be as interesting and self-explanatory as possible to the Arboretum’s diverse audiences.

OBJECTIVES To achieve the above goals, the Washington Park Arboretum will:

• Implement classes, tours, self-guided learning opportunities, and interpretive programs interpretive and wayfinding plan and products to educate Arboretum visitors on the natural history, conservation, and landscape value of the world’s woody plants.

• Structure interpretation to respond to the needs of the Arboretum audiences (K-12 students, higher-education students, families, landscape professionals, natural history/ ecology enthusiasts, gardeners, special needs populations, and general visitors).

• Create new plant exhibits that communicate the full range of the Arboretum’s educational mission – natural history, environmental studies, and conservation as well as landscape horticulture - and interpret them appropriately.

• Assess existing interpretive and educational programs and services to assure their alignment with the Interpretive and Wayfi nding Plan. LCS

appendix ii Washington Park Arboretum RECREATION AND COMMUNITY GOALS: The Interpretive and Wayfi nding Plan of the Washington Park Arboretum will:

• Acknowledge that non-structured recreational use of Washington Park is consistent with the Arboretum’s mission of conservation, education, and recreation.

• Ensure that interpretive elements and facilities are consistent with the growing recreational enjoyment of Washington Park Arboretum by citizens of the city, region, and beyond.

• Acknowledge the naturalistic infl uence upon which the Arboretum was founded in its recommendations and implementation.

OBJECTIVES: To achieve the above goals, the Washington Park Arboretum will:

• Use interpretive signage and wayfi nding features appropriate to the ambience of interpretive and wayfinding plan the Arboretum.

• Use multi-media methods of communicating orientation, directional, interpretive, and regulatory information.

• Utilize styles and materials for interpretive elements, wayfi nding, and trail surfacing that are compatible with existing historical characteristics.

• Allow visitors to experience a sense of removal from urban hardscape, and create opportunities for solace or connection with community members in a park setting.

• Offer degrees of interpretation to match users and their interests. LCS

appendix iii Washington Park Arboretum Arboretum Character

Guiding Principles What characteristics does the Arboretum Each element of interpretation and wayfi nding want to present to the public? at the Arboretum will need to fi t its unique The Arboretum is portrayed and communicated through interpretation and context. Below are some guiding principles wayfi nding as well as leadership. Some of the characteristics and qualities that relate which provide a foundation for this to built elements as well as identity of the Arboretum may include the following: Interpretive and Wayfi nding Plan, and which are relevant to other constructed elements Integrity Conscientious within the Arboretum as well. Sustainability Polite interpretive and wayfinding plan Passion Inclusive Beauty Respectful Be appropriate (of natural and human desires and needs) Intelligence (smart) All elements of signs in the Arboretum Harmony (part of a whole family, yet Healthy should be in scale to the use and user. each part may be unique) Welcoming Elegance (but earthy) Historic (part of a proud continuum) Be of consistent attitude Grace Suitable/Presentable Everything seen and experienced by the Culture (but innovative, not stodgy) Needs attention but is uncomplaining public should refl ect a consistent attitude and philosophy of the Washington Park Tended (cared for) Interesting, compelling, full of depth Arboretum. Publications (fl iers, brochures, (makes you want to be around and maybe In good taste announcements, website, etc.) should have a know more/learn something) harmonious design and voice indicating that they emerge from and represent the Arboretum. Signs and built elements should be harmonious with the Arboretum context, though not necessarily follow precise design mandates. WPA web

appendix iv Washington Park Arboretum

Engage all senses Structures are pedagogical, didactic When appropriate, use plants for color, We need to rely on words and pictures only texture, smell, light, sound, and scale to tell after other elements won’t tell the story. or enhance a story. Style is story and sets up expectations. Also, a structure can allow people to circulate in Embrace change one direction, but not another. It can frame, inhibit, or enhance views. It can allow one to Remember that things will grow, change, sit, or not, and encourage places for people and even decay over time. Allow these

to converse acoustically, or not. WPA web natural properties to be part of the aesthetic message, and prepare for them in the early Place only a few, small, design stages. harmonious signs Be unobtrusive

Fit the historic context As signs, markers and other built elements Locate signs or markers in the landscape so interpretive and wayfinding plan are physical, man-made items in the botani- that they are surrounded by vegetation when The design of signs and markers should cal landscape they do have the potential to draw from the historical elements of the possible, appearing as if they have been there distract from the immersive quality of the for many years, (even when they are new). Arboretum without replicating them. Designs Arboretum and to stand out in contrast to can hearken backward, but take initiative to the trees and plants which are the main Be polite fi nd innovation. They should fi t historical character-defi ning elements of the place. All signs and built structures should have context, but transcend it. Though some visitors appreciate or even “good manners”. They should be stable, sometimes long for more information than warm, and even imperfect as though they Use character befi tting the place is provided by the naturalistic setting of the have been infl uenced by the human hand Arboretum, others want to feel as though The character of signs should fi t within the and mind of a craftsman. They should not they are in the “wild” or at least resent the botanical forms of each garden. Confi gure interrupt or shout their presence or their intrusion of signs. Given the need for a and juxtapose plant displays, native forest message but should “speak” when spoken balance, we strongly suggest that there are habitats, pathways, buildings, parking, and to. Signs within the Arboretum might declare as few signs as possible in the Arboretum outdoor interpretive shelters so as to retain the presence of the Arboretum without landscape, that they are as small as logical, the naturalistic environment that visitors loud graphics or colors. They can be tasteful, and that they are harmonious with each other now enjoy. humble, and visible as the background and with the site. to gardens; complementing, enhancing, and not overshadowing the Arboretum landscape.

appendix v Washington Park Arboretum Cluster and incorporate Maintain consistent leadership Wherever possible, interpretive markers Essential to the implementation of an iden- Branding: A trademark or distinctive should be located near and incorporated into tity for the Arboretum is the leadership that name, to impress fi rmly. A mark the design of other built elements so that we promotes it, the attitude embodied in the indicating identity or ownership. do not litter the landscape with signs. Designs leadership, and the funds that maintain this Arboretum: (Latin) a place grown with of structures and buildings might allow identity. Equally essential are implementation trees. (n) A place in which a collection interpretation to be integrated. Consolidate and maintenance, ensuring adoption, owner- of rare trees and shrubs is cultivated regulatory information on a smaller number ship, and consistency of this Interpretation for scientifi c or educational purposes. of signs, or absorb regulatory information and Wayfi nding Plan. We strongly assert that on kiosk or orientation panels. there be a staff member for the Arboretum who has the responsibility, authority, and Use positive language resources (budget and staff) necessary to maintain the identity of the Arboretum in all When possible, regulations should be stated forms of media (signage, brochures, website, in positive language, emphasizing what interpretive and wayfinding plan etc.) and design. behavior is desired instead of what is not to be done. Acknowledge contributions Communicate effectively There is opportunity to place donor recognition at built elements including shelters, benches, Interpretation and Wayfi nding rely on com- graphic panels, and their supports. Ideally, munication. In order to communicate visual recognition (engraved name/symbol, effectively, the Arboretum must portray a or place, etc.) will occur in a designated recognizable identity, complemented and place on specifi c built elements in a standard reinforced by consistent leadership. design style (see Style Guide for example). When possible and appropriate, donor recog- Establish identity nition will be consolidated. We recommend that the Arboretum design and implement a Communications and Branding Plan, and that this be done as soon as possible so that all future work refl ects the unique Washington Park Arboretum identity. LCS

appendix vi Washington Park Arboretum Summary of Research

Research for this plan included reviewing over 20 past documents and plans related to the Washington Park Arboretum (master plans, scoping documents, environmental impact statements), related University of Washington Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dis- sertations, and internal publications.

Interviews were conducted with 13 different groups or individuals representing University of Washington faculty, Arboretum or Center interpretive and wayfinding plan for Urban Horticulture staff, community groups, Arboretum neighbors, and related external agencies or organizations.

A detailed inventory of existing interpretive, identifi cation and wayfi nding signs was conducted in addition to documentation of formal and informal entrances, parking lots and visitor use patterns.

For a detailed list of research sources, interviews and site inventory components please see Appendix: Research Sources and Appen- dix: Interpretive Resources Bibliography. LCS

appendix vii Washington Park Arboretum Existing Sign Types

Gates and Main Entry Signs Orientation Sign Area Entry and Interpretive Signs interpretive and wayfinding plan

All photos by LCS

appendix viii Washington Park Arboretum Existing Sign Types

City Parks Signs Temporary Interpretive and Regulatory Signs Regulatory Signs interpretive and wayfinding plan

All photos by LCS

appendix ix Washington Park Arboretum Existing Sign Types

Donor Recognition Directional, Orientation, and Area Entry Signs Plant Identifi cation Tags and Signs interpretive and wayfinding plan

All photos by LCS

appendix x Washington Park Arboretum Defi ning Audiences

EXISTING AUDIENCES existing interpretation numbers demographic info affiliate groups

Student Education (K-20) K-12 x large x Classroom Teachers, Schools, University x small x Instructors

Adult/Professional Education x small x Professional Organizations

Facility Users (Graham Visitor Center and Grounds) limited large x

General Public (walks) x small Media interpretive and wayfinding plan Staff / Volunteer Guides limited small x Union, Docents

Japanese Garden x medium Japanese Garden Advisory Council Visitors Communters large WA DOT & Seattle Transit Neighbors (vicinity) large x Neighborhood Councils Water Recreation (UW) large x UW Waterfront Activities Center Special Events medium x Arboretum Foundation Recreational (& MOHAI) large Tourism medium x Commercial Tour Operators FUTURE AUDIENCES

Diverse Communities

Annual Numbers: small = <1000 medium = <1001 - 4000 large = 4001+

appendix xi Washington Park Arboretum Research Sources

Arboretum/Lakeside Trail Study, Saplings Volunteer Handbook, Washington Washington Park Arboretum Master Plan Jongejan.Gerrard.McNeal Landscape Park Arboretum Garden Guide Program January 2001 Final EIS - Existing Education Architects, December 1987 Seattle Japanese Garden Sourcebook, 2003 Programs at WPA and CUH

The Clientele of the University of Washington Scoping Document for a New Master Plan Washington Park Arboretum Historic Review, Arboretum, Ben Whitfi eld Twight, University for the Washington Park Arboretum, Mark Bola Architecture + Planning and Karen Kiest of Washington Master’s Thesis, 1968 Hinshaw 1995 Landscape Architects, 2003

Conservation Assessment, Washington Park Trees of Seattle, Arthur Lee Jacobsen 1989 Washington Park Arboretum Implementation Arboretum, Linda R. McMahan 2003 Plan, 2003

University of Washington Arboretum – interpretive and wayfinding plan Foster Island – History, Visitor Use and A Nature Showcase for All Seasons, Seattle: Washington Park Arboretum Master Plan, Management, Charles Plummer, University The Institute of Forest Products, University May 2001 of Washington Master’s Thesis 1991 of Washington College of Forest Resources, 1969. The Washington Park Arboretum – Volunteer An Interpretation of the Maple Collection of Guide Handbook, Kimberly Mills, University Washington Park Arboretum, Daniel John University of Washington Arboretum, Wash- of Washington Hinkley, University of Washington Master’s ington Park, Seattle, Washington, Dean Hugo Thesis 1985 Winkenwerder, College of Forestry, 1936

Long Range Guidelines and Design Improve- University of Washington Arboretum Master ment Program for the Restoration of the Lake Plan Maps, Olmsted Brothers Firm, Washington Boulevard—Working Papers, University of Washington Suzallo Library EDAW 1985 –Special Collections

The Olmsted Taxonomic Arboretum and Its Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin, Application to Washington Park, Seattle, Scot various issues Daniel Medbury, University of Washington Master’s Thesis 1990 Washington Park Arboretum Master Plan January 2001 Final EIS

appendix xii Washington Park Arboretum

Other Research Completed • Sue Nicol, Jean Robbins, Sandy Kirchner On-Site Inventory (CUH Education Coordinators and Instruc- • Case Studies of other Arboreta & Botanical tors) & Shawna Zuege (WPA Education) Washington Park Arboretum Site Inventory: Gardens (primarily North America) • Iain Robertson (University of Washington • Existing collections title signs and • Informal Survey of Student Visitorship at – Landscape Architecture & Witt Winter interpretive signs (approximate counts and Comparable Facilities Garden Designer) & Belinda Gigliotti locations) (Seattle Parks Japanese Garden Adisory • Landscape /Arboreta / Cultural / Historical • Identifi cation of major and minor entrances Council staff) Organizations Web Search • Existing and future parking lots • Randall Hitchin (Washington Park • Student population data from surround- Arboretum Plant Registrar) • Photo documentation and analysis of ing public and private schools (McGilvra existing identifi cation and wayfi nding signs Elementary School, Montlake Elementary • Dr. Dick Olmstead, Dr. Sarah Reichard, and interpretive and wayfinding plan School, Martin Luther King Jr. Elemen- Linda Brubaker (University of Washington • Existing historical elements (features from tary School, The Bush School, The Valley – Botany / Plant Sciences Professors) Olmsted era, Wilcox Footbridge) School) • Charles Sablan (Seattle Department of • Washington Park Arboretum tour • University of Washington Water Activities Parks and Recreation Environmental participation. Center (Canoe & Kayak Rental Statistics) Learning Centers Manager)

• US Census Bureau; data for zip codes • Friends of Seattle’s Olmsted Parks (Doug adjacent to Washington Park Arboretum Jackson, president and Board of Directors)

• Washington Park Arboretum Docent Interviews Garden Guides / Volunteers (20-25 people) • Washington Park Arboretum Summer Day • Chris Berry (Washington Park Arboretum Camp Participants (10-15 students) Education Coordinator)

• Paul Gibson (Montlake neighbor to • Marina Skumanich (Seattle Audubon Washington Park Arboretum) Society – Conservation Chair)

• Rory Denovan & Washington Park Arbore- • Seattle Garden Club (including Washing- tum Gardening Crew (City of Seattle ton Park Arboretum neighbors, Arboretum Department of Parks and Recreation) Foundation members—Iris Wagner, president)

appendix xiii Washington Park Arboretum Interpretive Resources Bibliography

Botany Ecology Personal Interpretation, Lisa Brochu and Tim Merriman, Interp Press (National A Guide to Plant ID & Classifi cation, The Natural History of Puget Sound Association for Interpretation), 2002 Dr. Richard Olmstead, University of Country, Arthur R. Kruckeberg, University The Washington Park Arboretum – Volunteer Washington of Washington Press, 1991 Guide Handbook, Kimberly Mills, University Trees of Seattle – The Complete Tree Finder’s of Washington Guide to the City’s 740 Varieties, Arthur Lee History Jacobson, Sasquatch Press, 1989 The Olmsted Taxonomic Arboretum and its Interpretive Prop The Woody Plant Collection in the Washington Application to Washington Park Arboretum,

Resources interpretive and wayfinding plan Park Arboretum, Washington Park Arboretum Seattle, Scot Daniel Medbury, 1990 MS Staff, Tracy Omar -Registrar, University of Thesis, Miller Botanical Library, Center for Acorn Naturalists, 155 El Camino Real, Tustin, Washington, 1994 Urban Horticulture, University of Washington CA 92780, 800-422-8886; very thorough and complete selection of natural history and Washington Park Arboretum Historic Review, interpretive resources Plants of the Pacifi c Northwest, Jim Pojar and Bola Architecture + Planning and Karen Kiest http://www.acornnaturalists.com Andy MacKinnon, Lone Pine Publishing: Landscape Architects, 2003 Vancouver BC, 1994 http://www.cityofseattle.net/parks/ arboretum/History.pdf Landscape Cultural Landscaping for Wildlife in the Pacifi c North- Seattle Japanese Garden Sourcebook, Interpretation west, Russell Link, University of Washington Japanese Garden Guides self-published, 2003 The Interpreters Training Manual for Museums, Press, 1999 Mary Kay Cunningham, American Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Association for Museums, 2004 Erna Gunther, University of Washington Press, 1945 Saplings Volunteer Handbook, Washington Park Arboretum, self-published, 1997

appendix xiv Washington Park Arboretum

Organizations Northwest Horticultural Society, 206-527- 1794, annual memberships beginning at $20, American Association of Botanical Gardens Garden Notes quarterly newsletter, NHS book and Arboreta, 100 W 10th Street Suite 614, corner discounts, lectures and symposiums, Wilmington DE 19801, 302-655-7100 $60 annual plant sale. individual membership, professional quar- www.northwesthort.org terly journal (The Public Garden) and newsletter (AABGA Newsletter), annual conference, jobs clearinghouse, professional education Web Resources Miller Botanical Library, Center for Urban through workshops and regional meetings. Horticulture, University of Washington. http://www.aabga.org On-line book lists organized in specifi c topic areas – Asian gardening, children’s

Arboretum Foundation, 2300 Arboretum interpretive and wayfinding plan booklist, etc. Drive E., Seattle, WA 98112, 206-325-4510, http://depts.washington.edu/hortlib/ $35 annual individual membership, quarterly resources/booklists.shtml magazine (Washington Park Bulletin), bi- monthly newsletter (Ground Work), seasonal plant sales, and fundraising events. www.arboretumfoundation.org

Environmental Education Association of Washington, P.O. Box 1264, Bellingham, WA 98227 $35 individual membership, monthly newsletter, Annual Conference, regional network. http://www.eeaw.org

National Association for Interpretation, PO Box 2246, Fort Collins, CO 80522, 888- 900-8283 or 970-484-8283, $65 individual membership, professional journal (Legacy) published 6 times a year, annual National Interpreter’s Workshop, job line, regional newsletters and local chapters. http://www.interpnet.com appendix xv Washington Park Arboretum Interpretive and Wayfi nding Technology sample service providers • installations / examples of technology at comparable facilities

Note: We do not endorse any of the following Ambient Audio GuidePort companies, and list them only as examples of www.guideport.com Sound emitted through speakers from digital specifi c media types. Battery operated or DC powered wireless audio fi les. Only some are designed for “identifi er” units are placed near selected outdoor use. Various options for focusing exhibits. These identifi ers, whose parameters FM Radio Broadcasting audio. Specifi c area radio systems’ repeater trans- are confi gured using a standard infrared- capable Palm™ PDA, trigger GuidePORT mitter allows institution to put professionally JBL Control receivers to play audio associated with that recorded message on a CD and repeat that www.jblpro.com/pages/recording/control.htm message around the clock. Visitors need exhibit. Visitor carries a GuidePORT receiver Simple loud speakers hooked up to an audio interpretive and wayfinding plan and headset. Programmed to the language only a standard FM Radio (walkman or car system. and/or level the visitor desires, this device is radio) to hear the pre-recorded message. Installations: palm-sized. http://www.jblpro.com/installations/installs_ Installations: Landmark Audio Technologies main.html www.landmark.com http://www.guideport.com/mat_dev/realinst_ menu.shtml Offers FM broadcast band transmitter ideal Stereo Stone for broadcasting looped messages within a www.stereostones.com/riverrocks.html Acoustiguide limited area. Speakers are shaped as rocks making them Example: Albany County Convention and www.acoustiguide.com ideal for disguising in a natural setting. They Offers wands, cassettes, digital players, head- Visitors Bureau Case Study are weather resistant, and all components www.landmarkfm.com/study.htm sets, creative & production services, as well can be replaced in the fi eld. as comprehensive on-site management. Audio Samples: http://www.acoustiguide.com/ Information Station Specialists audio/index.html www.theRADIOsource.com Guided Audio Audio fi les are created and edited from a cen- Client List: http://www.acoustiguide.com/ Flexible and affordable for specifi c-area tral PC location at the host facility. Wireless about/client.html broadcasting. Examples: identifi er units are placed near selected ex- http://www.issinfosite.com/articles.htm hibits. Visitor wears headphones and carries a portable device that offers choices about types and levels of information.

appendix xvi Washington Park Arboretum Antennaudio BG-Map System interests. The host facility (Washington Park Arboretum) would have a docked set of www.antennaudio.com PDAs that visitors would borrow during their Mobile, digital, handheld audio system which (Botanical Garden- Map) The BG-Map System is currently used at the tour around the site. Advantages include the plays on portable, lightweight device that Arboretum as the collections database (but possibility of integration of the PDA device visitor carries throughout audio tour. would require integration with BG-Map Kiosk with GPS/GIS (Global Positioning System/ Client List: http://www.antennaudio.com/ Software). BG-Map Kiosk Software Global Information System). Therefore, the client.shtml (click Kiosk Software in left-hand column) visitors can access location specifi c informa- Lighthouse for the Blind (San Francisco): http://www.bg-map.com/ tion (about individual plants of a particular www.lighthouse-sf.org Example: Mendocino Coast Botanical Gar- collection at the Arboretum, for instance). den: BG-Map Kiosk Software Client Kiosks: map printouts http://www.gardenbythesea.org/ Mobile Planet Computer station that functions as a touch www.mobileplanet.com screen information center. Kiosk would allow PDAs Well suited to outdoor use: operable at a visitor to enter locations or collections of wide range of temperatures, humidity, interpretive and wayfinding plan (Personal Digital Assistants) and other particular interest for customized map print- accidental water immersion, impact, sand mobile devices can be programmed with out to aide their tour of the grounds. and dust, and altitude. information that is specifi c to the visitors’

MEDIA OPTIONS FOR INTERPRETATION AND WAYFINDING installation cost maintenance cost phasing visibility examples low med high low med high early mid late low med high FM Radio Broadcast any www.landmarkfm.com Ambient Audio www.stereostone.com Guided Audio: www.acoustiguide.com wand, other audio-only handheld Kiosk: custom map www.bg-map.com printouts Device: wireless, or www.mobileplanet.com docked at centeral location on-site with content changed periodically Cellphone Tours any www.spatialadventures.com Website any http://depts.washington. edu/wpa

appendix xvii Washington Park Arboretum Cell Phone Tours COMPARISON OF HANDHELD SYSTEMS Device Ranking: 1 = Least and 5 = Most The prevalence of cell phones makes their audio wands/ pdas wireless pdas use for tours a relatively easy option for of- mp3 players fering customized tours. Cell phone audio cost tours cause little disruption in the existing 3 4 5 infrastructure, and can provide service for Cost per Unit 2 2 5 multiple languages. Infrastructure Costs Operations Cost 3 4 5 2 5 5 Spatial Adventures Content Refresh Costs www.spatialadventures.com Totals 10 15 20 Example: Sacramento Zoo (Bee Keeper visitor’s experience Article Exhibit) 3 4 5 http://www.spatialadventures.com/ Interactivity per Visitor 1 3 5 SacTicket%20--%20Family%20--%20Communi Depth of Content

4 3 4 interpretive and wayfinding plan ty%20Call%20of%20the%20wild.htm Ease of Use by Visitor 3 5 5 Example: Paul Revere at Minute Man Quality of Media 3 5 5 National Historical Park Aesthetic Appeal 5 4 5 http://www.spatialadventures.com/MetroWest Foreign Language Support 2 4 5 %20Daily%20News%206-3-2004.htm “WOW” Factor ADA Accessibility 3 4 4 Websites Totals 24 32 38 The Washington Park Arboretum website operations experience is the resource for Arboretum informa- Durability 4 3 3 tion about events, research, specifi c plants, Turnkey Option Available 5 4 3 seasonal interest, construction or planning Revenue Generating Potential 4 5 5 projects, etc. The Arboretum Foundation Ease of Refreshing Content 4 3 3 hosts its own website with information about Ease of Visitor Flow 3 2 2 Foundation events, volunteers, and fundrais- Ease of Operations 3 2 1 ing. The Foundation and the Seattle Parks Totals 23 19 17 Department direct users to the Washington Park Arboretum site for information about source: Andrea Weatherhead, Handheld Media Guides, “ Public Garden”, Volume 19, No. 1, 2004. the Master Plan. Washington Park Arboretum http://depts.washington.edu/wpa/

appendix xviii Washington Park Arboretum Existing (2004) and Future Parking Signs with existing orientation signs � interpretive and wayfinding plan

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appendix xix Washington Park Arboretum Existing Conditions (2004) Interpretive and Place Identifi cation Signs

�� interpretive and wayfinding plan

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appendix xx Washington Park Arboretum Existing Conditions (2004) Entrances and Exits interpretive and wayfinding plan

appendix xxi Washington Park Arboretum Proposed Locations for Site Elements interpretive and wayfinding plan

appendix xxii